A millimeter-wave transmission measurement system under a haze environment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a millimeter-wave transmission measurement system under a haze environment, which includes a transmitting horn antenna, a receiving horn antenna, a first focusing reflector, a second focusing reflector, a shielding box, a blower, a haze simulation production system and an electronic measurement system. The first focusing reflector and the second focusing reflector respectively correspond to the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna one by one, and are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shielding box. A shielding cavity is provided inside the shielding box, an input window and an output window are respectively provided on the left and right side walls, an air inlet is provided at the bottom, and an air outlet and a haze inlet are provided at the top. The air outlet of the blower is communicated with the air inlet of the shielding box through a pipeline, and the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the shielding box through a pipeline. The haze simulation production system is connected to the haze inlet of the shielding box. The electronic measurement system is connected to the transmitting and receiving horn antennas. The present invention can measure the signal attenuation under a haze environment and quantitatively evaluate the propagation characteristics of millimeter-wave signals in a haze environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment. Background Art

[0002] An important means of wireless communication is to use electromagnetic waves as a carrier to transmit signals. With the further development of 5G and 6G communication technologies, the working frequency band has gradually entered the millimeter-wave band; the millimeter-wave band refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a corresponding wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm. In the process of wireless communication, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals in various transmission environments as an important basis for channel estimation, channel coding, and link budget, which requires the ability to accurately measure the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in various transmission environments.

[0003] In recent years, the haze environment has had a negative impact on the signal transmission of communication systems. The electronic communication systems in the millimeter-wave band have developed rapidly in recent years, but the research on the transmission characteristics of millimeter waves in the haze environment is not sufficient enough, mainly because there is no controllable experimental environment. The current measurement methods are mainly based on outdoor measurements, and these measurement methods have the following defects: First, the measurement environment completely depends on the natural environment, and it is impossible to form stable and comparable measurement data, which has great randomness; Second, the electromagnetic signals in the outdoor environment are complex and the noise signals are mixed, making it difficult to form pure test results; Finally, the outdoor measurement uses the far-field antenna reception method, which requires the electronic system to provide a relatively high power. Therefore, it has fundamental significance to design an electromagnetic transmission system with controllable characteristics for indoor measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problem of measuring the transmission characteristics of the millimeter-wave band in the haze environment in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment, which can generate haze particles and work in the millimeter-wave band through an electronic measurement system and an antenna system to measure the transmission characteristics of millimeter waves in the haze environment.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment, which includes a horn antenna, a focusing reflector group, a shielding box, a blower, a haze simulation production system, and an electronic measurement system. The horn antenna consists of a transmitting horn antenna and a receiving horn antenna. The focusing reflector group includes a first focusing reflector and a second focusing reflector. The first focusing reflector and the second focusing reflector correspond to the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna respectively, and are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shielding box. The shielding box is of a closed structure with a shielding cavity inside. Input windows and output windows for millimeter-wave signal transmission are respectively arranged on the left and right side walls of the shielding box and are communicated with the inside of the shielding cavity. An air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the shielding box, and an air outlet and a haze inlet are arranged at the top. The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the shielding box through a pipeline, and the air inlet is connected to the air outlet at the top of the shielding box through a pipeline. The haze simulation production system is connected to the haze inlet of the shielding box. The electronic measurement system is connected to the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna through signal connection lines. The electronic measurement system is used to input millimeter-wave signals into the transmitting horn antenna, receive signals from the receiving horn antenna, and measure the ratio of the input signal to the received signal.

[0007] Further, the near-field distributions of the above-mentioned transmitting horn antenna and receiving horn antenna both have circular symmetry. The horn antenna adopts antenna forms with circular symmetric near-field distributions such as corrugated horn antennas and dual-mode horn antennas.

[0008] Further, the focusing reflecting surfaces of the above-mentioned first focusing reflector and second focusing reflector are all surfaces with focusing characteristics, including but not limited to spherical surfaces, ellipsoidal surfaces, parabolic surfaces, hyperbolic surfaces, and artificial surfaces with focusing performance.

[0009] Further, the focal lengths of the above-mentioned first focusing reflector and second focusing reflector are the same, and the foci coincide.

[0010] Further, absorbent materials are laid on the surrounding side walls inside the above-mentioned shielding box.

[0011] Further, the above-mentioned input window and output window are both sealed with a thin film, and the thickness of the thin film material is less than 10 micrometers.

[0012] Further, the above-mentioned electronic measurement system includes but is not limited to a vector network analyzer, a combined system of a transmitter and a receiver, and a combined system of a signal source and a spectrum analyzer.

[0013] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system under the haze environment has a simple structure, a controllable environment, miniaturized size, and low manufacturing cost. By constructing a haze environment and using a focusing mirror group with confocal characteristics to control the transmission of electromagnetic waves, the signal attenuation in the haze environment is measured through an electronic measurement system, so as to quantitatively evaluate the propagation characteristics of millimeter-wave signals in the haze environment; it can measure millimeter-wave signals in an indoor environment, save costs, effectively shorten the measurement time, and has good application prospects in channel evaluation and signal transmission of wireless communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the millimeter-wave transmission measurement system under the haze environment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the horn antenna in

[0017] Figure 3a is Figure 1 a front view structural diagram of the first focusing mirror in

[0018] Figure 3b is Figure 1 a side view structural diagram of the first focusing mirror in

[0019] Figure 4a is Figure 1 a side view structural diagram of the shielding box in

[0020] Figure 4b is Figure 1 a front view structural diagram of the shielding box in

[0021] In the figure: 1 - air outlet; 2 - haze inlet; 3 - haze outlet; 4 - haze simulation production system; 5 - output window; 6 - second focusing mirror; 7 - receiving horn antenna; 8 - blower; 9 - electronic measurement system; 10 - air inlet; 11 - shielding box; 12 - transmitting horn antenna; 13 - first focusing mirror; 14 - input window; 15 - input end; 16 - transmission section; 17 - radiation section; 18 - output end; 19 - focusing reflecting surface; 20 - shielding cavity; 21 - absorbing material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0023] As shown in Figure 1 and 4a, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b, the millimeter-wave transmission measurement system of the present invention in a haze environment includes a horn antenna, a focusing reflector group, a shielding box 11, a blower 8, a haze simulation production system 4, and an electronic measurement system 9. The horn antenna consists of a transmitting horn antenna 12 and a receiving horn antenna 7. The transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna 7 are respectively the transmitting component and the receiving component of the millimeter-wave signal. The focusing reflector group is a focusing device for millimeter-wave signals, including a first focusing reflector 13 and a second focusing reflector 6. The first focusing reflector 13 and the second focusing reflector 6 respectively correspond to the transmitting horn antenna 12 and the receiving horn antenna 7. The focusing emission surfaces of the above two focusing reflectors are respectively used to refocus the millimeter waves of the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna, preventing the millimeter waves from spreading too severely and causing a decrease in signal energy density. The first focusing reflector 13 and the second focusing reflector 6 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the shielding box 11. The distance between the transmitting horn antenna 12 and the first focusing reflector 13 is D1, and the distance between the receiving horn antenna 7 and the second focusing reflector 6 is also D1. The distance between the first focusing reflector 13 and the second focusing reflector 6 is D2. The shielding box 11 is of a closed structure, with a height of H, a width of W, and a length of D. It has a shielding cavity 20 inside. The shielding cavity is the cavity part of a controllable environment. Input windows 14 and output windows 5 for transmitting millimeter-wave signals are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the shielding box and communicate with the inside of the shielding cavity. The radii of the input window and the output window are both R. An air inlet 10 communicating with the inside of the shielding cavity 20 is provided at the bottom of the shielding box 11, and an air outlet 1 and a haze inlet 2 communicating with the inside of the shielding cavity are provided at the top. Preferably, the haze inlet is in the shape of a funnel with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part. The air outlet of the blower 8 is connected to the air inlet 10 at the bottom of the shielding box through a pipeline, and the air inlet is connected to the air outlet 1 at the top of the shielding box through a pipeline. Absorbing materials 21 are laid on the side walls around the inside of the shielding box. The haze outlet 3 of the haze simulation production system 4 is connected to the haze inlet 2 of the shielding box 11 for inputting the produced haze particles into the shielding box 11 through the haze inlet 2. The electronic measurement system 9 is connected to the transmitting horn antenna 12 and the receiving horn antenna 7 through signal connection lines, for inputting millimeter-wave signals into the transmitting horn antenna, receiving signals from the receiving horn antenna, and measuring the ratio of the input signal to the received signal.

[0024] The above-mentioned electronic measurement system has the function of generating millimeter-wave signals and at the same time has the function of receiving electromagnetic wave signals, including but not limited to a vector network analyzer, a combined system of a transmitter and a receiver, and a combined system of a signal source and a spectrum analyzer.

[0025] The near-field distributions of the above-mentioned transmitting horn antenna 12 and receiving horn antenna 7 both have circular symmetry. Preferably, the horn antenna adopts an antenna form with circular symmetric near-field distribution such as a corrugated horn antenna or a dual-mode horn antenna.

[0026] The structures of the above-mentioned transmitting horn antenna 12 and receiving horn antenna 7 are the same. As Figure 2 shown, the horn antenna is composed of an input section, a transmission section 16, and a radiation section 17 arranged in sequence. The input end 15 of the input section is a waveguide interface. Preferably, the waveguide interface is a circular waveguide port; the transmission section 16 is a circular waveguide; the radiation section 17 is used to transition the millimeter-wave signal in the waveguide to the radiated electromagnetic wave in free space. The radiation section adopts a conical structure, and the cross-section is circular; the diameter d of the output end 18 of the radiation section determines the diameter of the output millimeter-wave signal.

[0027] The first focusing mirror 13 and the second focusing mirror 6 in the above-mentioned focusing mirror group have the same focal length, and the foci of the above two focusing mirrors coincide. This focusing mirror group with the co-focus characteristic has broadband and low-loss characteristics, and is especially suitable for broadband and high-precision measurements.

[0028] The above-mentioned horn antenna is used to incident the generated Gaussian beam onto the focusing mirror group, and can satisfy the co-focus characteristic of the focusing mirror group.

[0029] Taking the first focusing mirror 13 as an example to illustrate the structure of the focusing mirror. As Figure 3a , 3b shown, the height of the above-mentioned first focusing mirror is h, the thickness is t, and the length is L; the material of the focusing emission surface of the first focusing mirror is a material with a conductivity equivalent to that of metal to ensure that the millimeter-wave signal is close to total reflection during the focusing process; the focusing reflection surface 19 is a paraboloid, a spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a hyperboloid, and an artificial surface with focusing performance.

[0030] The above-mentioned input window 14 and output window 5 are both sealed with a thin film, and the thickness of the thin film material is less than 10 microns.

[0031] In the millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment of the present invention, the electronic measurement system 9 inputs the generated millimeter-wave signal into the transmitting horn antenna 12. The transmitting horn antenna incident the generated Gaussian beam onto the focusing emission surface of the first focusing mirror 13. After being reflected by the first focusing mirror, it passes through the input window 14 and enters the shielding cavity 20 of the shielding box 11. At this time, the shielding cavity is a haze environment with haze particles. The signal passes through the output window 5 and is incident onto the focusing emission surface of the second focusing mirror 6. After being reflected by the second focusing mirror, the signal is received by the receiving horn antenna 7, and then the electronic measurement system receives the electromagnetic wave signal and measures the ratio of the input signal to the received signal, so as to be able to quantitatively evaluate the propagation characteristics of the millimeter-wave signal in the haze environment.

[0032] When the operating frequency f of the millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment is known, the corresponding wavelength λ = 3×10 8 / f. The sizes of the shielding box, the focusing mirror, and the horn antenna are related. The size design processes of the shielding box, the focusing mirror, and the horn antenna are described in detail below.

[0033] Step 1: Set the length D of the shielding box 11 as the starting point for all size designs;

[0034] Step 2: Calculate the distance D2 between the first focusing mirror 13 and the second focusing mirror 6, D2 = kD, where k is a dimensionless proportionality factor and satisfies k > 1; at the same time, calculate the distance D1 between the transmitting horn antenna 12 and the first focusing mirror 13, and take

[0035] Step 3: Determine the radii of the input window 14 and the output window 5 as R, and use

[0036]

[0037] to calculate the radii R of the input window 14 and the output window 5, where w0 = 6λ;

[0038] Step 4: Determine the width W of the shielding box 11, and take W = 4R;

[0039] Step 5: Determine the height h of the first focusing mirror, and take Determine the length L of the first focusing mirror, and take L = 1.4h;

[0040] Step 6: Determine whether D2 > D + h holds. If it does not hold, return to Step 2 and increase the value of k until D2 > D + h holds; if it holds, then proceed to Step 7;

[0041] Step 7: Determine the diameter d of the output end 18 of the horn antenna

[0042]

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Given that the operating frequency f is 100 GHz, which is in the millimeter-wave band, and the corresponding wavelength λ is 0.003 meters.

[0045] Step 1: Set the length D of the shielding box 11 to 0.5 meters;

[0046] Step 2: Take k as 1.5, and obtain D2 = kD = 0.75 meters; the distance between the transmitting horn antenna 12 and the first focusing mirror 13

[0047] Step 3: The radii of the input window 14 and the output window 5 are R, and use

[0048]

[0049] Among them, w0 = 6λ = 0.018 m. Therefore, R is 0.036 m;

[0050] Step 4: Determine the width W of the shielding box 11, and take W = 4R = 0.144 m;

[0051] Step 5: Determine the height h of the first focusing mirror, and take Determine the length L of the first focusing mirror, and take L = 1.4h = 0.28 m;

[0052] Step 6: Judge whether D2 > D + h holds. Since D2 = 0.75 m, D is 0.5 m, and h = 0.2 m, so D2 > D + h holds;

[0053] Step 7: Determine the diameter of the output end 18 of the horn antenna

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment, characterized in that: It includes a horn antenna, a focusing mirror group, a shielding box, a blower, a haze simulation production system and an electronic measurement system. The horn antenna consists of a transmitting horn antenna and a receiving horn antenna. The focusing mirror group includes a first focusing mirror and a second focusing mirror. The first focusing mirror and the second focusing mirror respectively correspond to the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna one by one, and are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shielding box. The shielding box is of a closed structure with a shielding cavity inside. Input windows and output windows for millimeter wave signal transmission and communicating with the inside of the shielding cavity are respectively arranged on the left and right side walls of the shielding box. An air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the shielding box, and an air outlet and a haze inlet are arranged at the top. The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the shielding box through a pipeline, and the air inlet is connected to the air outlet at the top of the shielding box through a pipeline. The haze simulation production system is connected to the haze inlet of the shielding box. The electronic measurement system is connected to the transmitting horn antenna and the receiving horn antenna through signal connecting wires. The electronic measurement system is used to input millimeter wave signals into the transmitting horn antenna, receive signals from the receiving horn antenna, and measure the ratio of the input signal to the received signal. Under the condition that the working frequency f of the millimeter wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment is known, the corresponding wavelength is λ = 3×10 8 / f; The sizes of the shielding box, the focusing mirror and the horn antenna are related. The design process is as follows: Step 1: Set the length D of the shielding box as the starting point for all dimension designs; Step 2: Calculate the distance D2 between the first focusing mirror and the second focusing mirror, where D2 = kD, k is a dimensionless scaling factor and k > 1; meanwhile, calculate the distance D1 between the transmitting horn antenna and the first focusing mirror, and take Step 3: Determine that the radii of the input window and the output window are R, and use to calculate the radii R of the input window and the output window, where w0 = 6λ; Step 4: Determine the width W of the shielding box, and take W = 4R; Step 5. Determine the height h of the first focusing mirror, and take Determine the length L of the first focusing mirror, and take L = 1.4h; Step 6: Judge whether D2 > D + h holds. If it does not hold, return to Step 2 and increase the value of k until D2 > D + h holds; if it holds, then enter Step 7; Step 7, determine the diameter d of the output end of the horn antenna, 2. The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The near-field distributions of its transmitting horn antenna and receiving horn antenna both have circular symmetry. The horn antenna uses a corrugated horn antenna or a dual-mode horn antenna with a circularly symmetric near-field distribution.

3. The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing reflection surfaces of its first focusing mirror and second focusing mirror are all surfaces with focusing characteristics, including spherical surface, ellipsoidal surface, parabolic surface, hyperbolic surface, and artificial surfaces with focusing performance.

4. The millimeter wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Its first focusing mirror and second focusing mirror have the same focal length and the foci coincide.

5. The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment according to claim 1, wherein: Absorbing materials are laid on the side walls around the inside of its shielding box.

6. The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system in a haze environment according to claim 1, wherein: Its input window and output window are both sealed with a thin film, and the thickness of the thin film material is less than 10 microns.

7. The millimeter-wave transmission measurement system under a haze environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its electronic measurement system includes a vector network analyzer, a combined system of a transmitter and a receiver, and a combined system of a signal source and a spectrum analyzer.

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