Ear protection device for medical imaging

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an ear protection system (200) for a medical imaging device. The ear protection system comprises an ear protection device (210) adapted to be fitted around or in an ear of a patient (P) to be imaged and comprising at least a first communication interface (211) and at least one sensor device (212) adapted to determine a measurement of noise passing through the ear protection device (210) towards the ear of the patient. The system (200) further comprises a controllable signal emitter (230) adapted to output a proxy signal representing an expected imaging device noise and to be measured by the at least one sensor device (212), and a patient assistance device (220) adapted to assist the patient in fitting the ear protection device (210) and comprising at least a second communication interface. During a preparation phase of the patient prior to an imaging phase using the medical imaging device, the ear protection device (210) and the patient assistance device (220) are communicatively connected to each other via the first and second communication interfaces and the patient assistance device (220) generates an assistance instruction for the patient depending on an evaluation of the proxy signal and the measurement of noise passing through the ear protection device (210) determined by the sensor device (212).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ear protection system for medical imaging equipment, a medical imaging system, a method for ear protection in medical imaging, a computer program unit, and a computer-readable medium. Background Technology

[0002] Patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically experience high sound pressure levels, averaging around 95-105 dB, and for certain MR pulse sequences, these levels can increase to 130 dB or even higher (Moelker A et al., "Importance of Bone-Conducted Sound Transmission on Patient Hearing in the MR Scanner" (J Magn Reson Imag, 2005, Vol. 22, pp. 163-169)). Therefore, wearing ear protection is mandatory during MRI examinations, and different types of ear protection devices are used, primarily earmuffs and in-ear foam plugs, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Earmuffs are more widely used because they are easier and faster to use, and also because earplugs are inconvenient for many patients and may not be used correctly by children, the elderly, or those with dementia. The effectiveness of protection depends heavily on their correct application, but patients are often not accustomed to wearing such ear protection devices or are unable to apply them correctly. Therefore, research indicates that when normal users use the devices, patients' actual sound attenuation is 5 dB to 25 dB lower than the rated attenuation (Trompette N, Kusy A., "Suitability of Commercially Available Systems for Individual Fit Tests of Hearing Protectors").

[0003] (Internoise, 2013, Innsbruck). The primary cause of this discrepancy is end-user misapplication. This leads to widespread problems in MR because most patients are not accustomed to using ear protection devices. Patients lack experience of the correct attenuation level, are unaware that they may be experiencing high noise levels, and there is no objective measure of proper attenuation being checked on-site. Therefore, instead of an objective measure of whether earmuffs or earplugs are being used correctly, a subjective check is sometimes performed, in which the radiologist asks the patient during preparation if the device fits snugly. Earmuffs must be used to ensure that the seal around the ears is not broken or gapped.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to assist patients in using ear protection devices during patient preparation.

[0005] US2014 / 012127 A1 describes a hearing protection device including a first ear coupling unit, a second ear coupling unit, and a sound protection unit. The first ear coupling unit is designed to be positioned on a user's first ear, the second ear coupling unit is designed to be positioned on the user's second ear, and the sound protection unit is used to at least partially shield sound waves. The hearing protection device has at least one motion sensor unit.

[0006] US2013 / 094658 A1 describes a system and method comprising: sensing sound within a protective seal of a worn hearing protection device, and using a sliding window algorithm to calculate the sound exposed to the wearer's ear. Summary of the Invention

[0007] It would be advantageous to have improved means of providing ear protection during medical examinations performed by medical imaging equipment (e.g., MR imaging equipment). The object of the invention is achieved through the subject matter of the independent claims, wherein further embodiments are included in the dependent claims.

[0008] According to a first aspect, an ear protection system for a medical imaging device is provided. The ear protection system includes:

[0009] An ear protection device adapted to be fitted around or inside the ear of a patient to be imaged, and comprising at least a first communication interface and at least one sensor device adapted to determine a measurement of noise transmitted toward the patient's ear through the ear protection device.

[0010] A controllable signal transmitter adapted to output a proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise to be measured by the at least one sensor device.

[0011] A patient assistive device, adapted to assist a patient in fitting the ear protection device using one or more of representation technologies, communication technologies, and / or user interaction technologies, and including at least a second communication interface.

[0012] During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase of the medical imaging device, the ear protection device and the patient assistance device are adapted to be communicatively connected to each other via the first communication interface and the second communication interface, and the patient assistance device is adapted to generate and provide assistance instructions to the patient based on the evaluation of the proxy signal and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device as determined by the sensor device.

[0013] In this way, an ear protection system is provided to protect patients during imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) procedures, where noise levels are typically around 95 to 105 dB and can reach 130 dB or higher. Wearing ear protection devices is mandatory during MRI examinations; however, patients are often not accustomed to wearing such devices and may therefore not wear them correctly to achieve the required level of protection, a situation exacerbated by children, the elderly, and patients with dementia. The provided system addresses this problem by, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of the protection provided by the ear protection device and providing support instructions to the patient. The workflow implemented using the aforementioned ear protection system supports at least semi-automated medical imaging.

[0014] The ear protection system may optionally be part of or integrated into a medical imaging device and / or medical imaging system.

[0015] The aforementioned systems and / or devices may be implemented, at least in part, by a computer and may include one or more of the following: data processing devices (i.e., processors), memory, one or more suitable data and / or communication interfaces, etc. The functions and / or method steps described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0016] Ear protection devices may include one or more of the following: a pair of earmuffs, earplugs, etc.

[0017] The first and / or second communication interfaces can be interpreted broadly, and may include one or more of the following: wired communication technology, wireless communication technology, etc. Preferably, the first and / or second communication interfaces are wireless devices or modules (e.g., Bluetooth devices or modules, wireless LAN devices or modules, etc.), enabling, for example, a patient to move as freely as possible and, if necessary, carry an ear protection device from a first position during the preparation phase to a second position during the imaging phase without removing the ear protection device and without interrupting the communication link. For example, the first position may be a preparation room, and the second position may be an examination room where the medical imaging equipment is located.

[0018] The ear protection system can also be adapted to provide measurements of the effectiveness of the ear protection device's fit on the patient.

[0019] At least one sensor device may include one or more of the following: an optical sensor arrangement, an acoustic sensor arrangement (e.g., one or more microphones), a pressure measurement arrangement, an electrical measurement arrangement, and combinations thereof. In an example, at least one sensor device may include at least one microphone. Measurement of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs around the patient's ear includes at least one measured sound level. In an example, at least one sensor device includes a pair of air tubes. A first air tube of the pair of air tubes is connected to the cavity of a first earmuff configured to surround the patient's first ear and is connected to at least one microphone. A second air tube of the pair of air tubes connects the cavity of a second earmuff configured to surround the patient's second ear and is connected to at least one microphone.

[0020] In other words, the air tube connects the internal portion of the earmuff (used to detect the level of noise the patient's ears are experiencing) to a microphone located outside the earmuff (e.g., integrated into the operating console of the MRI system, or with the MRI head coil, or with, for example, a patient support). In this way, the wired microphone is at a safe distance from the patient and securely located outside the imaging area of ​​the MRI system, while the passive air tube is in this area, thus transmitting the sound level at the patient's ears to these external microphones, where the sound level indicates the effectiveness of the ear protection device's fit. Therefore, preferably, an automated ear protection system can be provided, wherein the actual level of sound the patient is experiencing is monitored. In some embodiments, this is done to enable automatic adjustment of the compression of the ear protection device until the desired attenuation level is achieved, and wherein the patient and / or device operator can participate in this process by, for example, being able to manually change the compression level.

[0021] Therefore, the sound level is measured by an additional microphone after attenuation. However, instead of integrating such a microphone into the earcups (which is prohibited for RF safety reasons), an air tube is used to connect the earcups to a microphone located outside the earcups (e.g., integrated into the MR head coil).

[0022] In the example, at least one sensor device includes a pair of photosensitive devices. A first photosensitive device of this pair is positioned relative to the inner chamber of a first earmuff configured to surround a patient's first ear to form a seal. The first photosensitive device is positioned to detect light leaking through the seal. A second photosensitive device of this pair is positioned relative to the inner chamber of a second earmuff configured to surround a patient's second ear to form a seal. The second photosensitive device is positioned to detect light leaking through the seal. Measurements of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs around the patient's ear include at least one measured light level.

[0023] In other words, a "proxy" noise detection system is provided to determine the fit effectiveness of an ear protection device using a light leakage method. Thus, in an example for a pair of non-transparent earmuffs, a photosensitive device (e.g., a photodiode) is used inside the earmuffs, and any light leaking into the earmuffs is detected by the photodiode and is a direct indicator of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs. A compression level can be applied to provide the required level of seal around the earmuffs, thereby providing the required level of ear protection. Alternatively, in another example, a light source is provided inside the earmuffs, and a photosensitive device is positioned outside the earmuffs. Any light leaking from the inside to the outside is a direct indicator of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs, and a compression level can be applied to provide the required level of seal around the earmuffs, thereby providing the required level of ear protection. Therefore, in this example, the system becomes independent of the light level and can operate even in the absence of ambient lighting. Additionally, in this example, the light source can be an infrared light source to distinguish it from ambient lighting and / or modulated in a known manner so that light from the photodiode can be detected even in the presence of ambient lighting.

[0024] In the example, at least one sensor device includes a pair of pressure sensors. A first pressure sensor of this pair is positioned within the cavity of a first earmuff configured to surround a patient's first ear. A second pressure sensor of this pair is positioned within the cavity of a second earmuff configured to surround a patient's second ear. Measurements of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs around the patient's ear include at least one measured pressure level.

[0025] In other words, a "proxy" noise detection system is provided to determine the fit effectiveness of an ear protection device in which a slight positive or negative pressure difference between the inside and outside of the earmuff can be used to provide a direct indicator of the fit effectiveness of the earmuff, and a proxy indicator of noise attenuation is provided. Furthermore, a compression level can be applied to provide the required level of seal around the earmuff, thereby providing the required level of ear protection. Therefore, an automated ear protection system can be provided in which a proxy indicator is used to measure the sound level experienced by the patient and the fit effectiveness of the earmuff is directly measured based on the pressure signal to automatically adjust the compression of the ear protection device until the required attenuation level is provided. The patient and / or device operator can participate in this process, for example, by being able to manually change the compression level.

[0026] In the example, at least one sensor device includes a pair of electrodes. A first electrode of this pair is positioned at the periphery of a first earmuff such that, when the first earmuff is positioned to surround a patient's first ear, the first electrode is configured to contact and / or be adjacent to the patient's skin. A second electrode of this pair is positioned at the periphery of a second earmuff such that, when the second earmuff is positioned to surround a patient's second ear, the second electrode is configured to contact and / or be adjacent to the patient's skin. Measurements of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs around the patient's ear include at least one impedance level, conductance level, or capacitance level.

[0027] In other words, a "proxy" noise detection system is provided to determine the fit effectiveness of an ear protection device, in which various different electrical methods can be used. Thus, appropriate sensors are used at the sealing position of the earmuffs for electrical monitoring to measure impedance, conductance, or capacitance, and these are direct indicators of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs. Proxy indicators of noise attenuation are provided, and compression levels can be applied to provide the required level of seal around the earmuffs, thereby providing the required level of ear protection. Therefore, an automated ear protection system can be provided, in which proxy indicators are used to measure the sound level experienced by the patient and the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs is directly measured based on pressure signals to automatically adjust the compression of the ear protection device until the required attenuation level is provided, and in which the patient and / or device operator can participate in the process by, for example, being able to manually change the compression level.

[0028] In other words, it is possible to determine how snugly the earmuff fits around the ear using measurements taken with an electrode associated with it. Similarly, it is possible to determine how snugly the earmuff fits around the ear using an electrode associated with another earmuff.

[0029] Therefore, a single electrode can be used to determine (e.g., for a reference level) fit effectiveness. However, in this example, two or more electrodes can be used around the periphery or seal of each earmuff, and the impedance, conductance, or capacitance between adjacent electrodes can be measured to determine fit effectiveness or tightness. In practice, the electrodes can be spaced completely apart around the seal of each earmuff, and the conductance or capacitance between adjacent electrodes can be measured when in contact with the patient's skin to determine fit effectiveness or tightness.

[0030] The patient assistive device may also be adapted to provide instructions to the patient using one or more representation technologies, communication technologies, and / or user interaction technologies. For example, the patient assistive device may be adapted to represent instructions to the patient and / or communicate with the patient in a visual, auditory, or other manner. Furthermore, the patient assistive device may be adapted to automatically generate these instructions.

[0031] The controllable signal transmitter is adapted to output a proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise and / or the attenuation measurement result to be measured by at least one sensor device. Generally, it is not necessary to directly measure the sound or noise level; instead, a proxy signal can be used to replace or represent it, and a suitable proxy measurement method as explained herein can be used. Therefore, preferably, an ear protection system can be automated, wherein a proxy signal is used as a proxy indicator to measure the sound level experienced by the patient and a measure of the effectiveness of the earmuff fit is directly measured based on monitoring the proxy signal (e.g., via light monitoring, pressure monitoring, etc.). The signal transmitter may include one or more of the following: at least one speaker for emitting sound-based or noise-based signals, sounds, etc.; playback data containing recordings of typical noise, such as that of a medical imaging device; a noise generator based on electronics or software; at least one light emitter for emitting light-based signals; and a pressure generator for generating a slightly constant positive or negative pressure within the earmuff to serve as the proxy signal. Note that the typical noise of the imaging device may also be actual noise generated by the imaging device itself. However, other noises may also fall into the same category; that is, sounds with spectra that are well-suited for examining the quality of acoustic protection provided by ear protection devices but do not actually mimic the actual sound produced by imaging devices. For example, a signal transmitter could provide, for instance, a spectrum of (white) noise of a specific intensity, a spectrum containing single or multiple frequency peaks within the range produced by an actual device, etc. Additionally, there may be other suitable test spectra to evaluate different causes of inadequate acoustic protection (e.g., high frequencies can penetrate small gaps, while lower frequencies do not penetrate well). Note that the signal transmitter can be positioned externally to the ear protection device or can be a structural part of the ear protection device. As used herein, the proxy signal generated by the signal transmitter can also be referred to as a reference signal for measuring the attenuation of the ear protection device.

[0032] The imaging phase begins immediately after the preparation phase, making it preferable to complete the preparation phase before the imaging phase begins. Alternatively, the preparation phase can be performed at a first position spaced apart from a second position where the imaging phase can be performed. Optionally, the first and second positions can be physically separated from each other.

[0033] The evaluation of the generated noise and the noise measurement results of the ear protection device determined by the sensor device can be performed by a suitable data processing device, which can be adapted to run suitable software, etc.

[0034] According to an embodiment, the ear protection system is adapted to provide a signal indicating whether the preparation phase has been successfully completed, preferably electronically controlling the transition from the preparation phase to the imaging phase based on the evaluation result. For example, the ear protection system may be adapted to provide a signal indicating whether the preparation phase has been successfully completed, wherein, if the preparation phase has not been successfully completed, the transition to the imaging phase is, for example, paused or canceled. This can further improve the level of automation in medical imaging. Additionally, patient safety can be improved because the imaging phase is only released or enabled, and optionally initiated, after the ear protection has proven sufficiently effective.

[0035] In embodiments, the patient assistive device may also be adapted to repeat such an evaluation when, based on the evaluation results, it is determined that the transmitted noise reaches or exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., a noise protection limit, etc.), and to adjust the instructions according to the evaluation results as necessary. In other words, such an evaluation can be performed iteratively. The generated instructions may differ between different iteration steps depending on the cause or trigger for the transmitted noise (quiet) reaching or exceeding the certain threshold. The certain threshold may be set to conform to noise rules for medical imaging. This can further improve the effectiveness of ear protection.

[0036] According to embodiments, the ear protection system may further include an actuator adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device around the patient's ear by applying a compressive force acting between the ear protection device and the patient, wherein the patient assistive device may also be adapted to generate instructions for operation of the actuator. For example, a data processing device may be configured to control the actuator to adjust the fit of the earmuffs around the patient's ear, such control including the use of measurements of the fit effectiveness of the ear protection device. In at least some embodiments, the actuator may be configured as a pneumatic system adapted to adjust the compression until a properly tight seal is provided around the ear protection device and thus sufficient sound attenuation is achieved. Moreover, by enabling the provision of the correct level of compression, the provided ear protection device reduces the possibility of the ear protection device compressing the head too tightly. In other words, the system results in a generally lower level of compression, improving patient comfort during long scans.

[0037] In embodiments, the ear protection system and / or the patient assistive device may also be adapted to electronically control a passage-blocking device positioned between a first position for performing the preparation phase and a second position for performing the imaging phase using the medical imaging device, wherein the passage-blocking device is controlled to be released to allow the patient to pass through when the evaluation indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device is below a certain threshold. In at least some embodiments, the passage-blocking device may include a physical device, preferably a motor-driven gate. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, the passage-blocking device may include traffic lights or other visual devices adapted to at least visually indicate whether the patient wishes to pass through. This allows for a higher degree of automation in medical imaging, as it continuously guides the patient until at least reaching the medical imaging device for the imaging phase, or even during the imaging phase.

[0038] According to embodiments, the ear protection system and / or the ear protection device may further include at least one audio output device adapted to provide the instructions of the patient assistive device to the patient in audio form. For example, the system or device may generate voice instructions to be output by the audio output device. In at least some embodiments, the audio output device may be an external audio output device disposed at the ear protection device to provide sound to the surrounding environment of the ear protection device. This allows instructions or guidance to be given at a stage where the patient has not yet fitted or has not yet properly fitted the ear protection device. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, the audio output device may be an internal audio output device disposed at the ear protection device to provide sound to the patient's ear when the ear protection device is fitted to the patient. This allows instructions to be given during each stage (i.e., during the preparation stage and / or imaging stage) using the ear protection device itself. For example, the audio output device may be formed by or may include at least one speaker, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the ear protection system may also include at least one graphic output device adapted to provide the instructions of the patient assistive device to the patient visually. For example, a graphics output device may include one or more of the following: a monitor, a video screen, etc.

[0039] For example, an ear protection system may include data processing equipment and may also include one or more of a video screen and an audio output device at a first location (e.g., a preparation room) during the preparation phase. The ear protection system may use a graphic output device and / or an audio output device to introduce the functionality of the ear protection device to the patient. The ear protection system may instruct or require the patient to wear or attach the ear protection device. For example, the audio output device may generate, for example, MR noise (i.e., a reference sound), and the ear protection system may measure residual sound within the ear protection device to check for adequate protection. If this is not the case, the ear protection system may instruct or require the patient to reposition / adjust the ear protection device and recheck, for example, until sufficient noise suppression is achieved. For instance, the generated instructions may provide an introduction to the ear protection device, such as: “Dear patient, I am your ear protection device. I will now show you how to use me correctly so that you can listen to your favorite music during the MR scan without being disturbed by MR noise. Please attach me to your ear as shown on the screen…”. Accordingly, the ear protection system may also be adapted to generate background sound (e.g., music).

[0040] In an embodiment, the ear protection system may further include a natural language processing (NLP) engine adapted to influence the generation of instructions based at least on measurements of noise transmitted through the ear protection device, determined by the sensor device. This could, for example, improve autonomous imaging situations where few or no staff are available to issue instructions to the patient. The NLP engine may include one or more aspects of natural language understanding (NLU), natural language generation (NLG), and dialogue management (DM).

[0041] In an example where at least one sensor device includes at least one microphone within the ear protection device and the patient experiences reference sound from an MRI, the NLP can be controlled and / or instructed to issue a voice command regarding the correct positioning of the ear protection device when the reference sound level recorded by the microphone falls below a certain threshold. Optionally, the NLP can instruct the patient to proceed to a medical imaging device, such as to a second position.

[0042] In examples where the reference sound level recorded by the microphone is above a certain threshold, the NLP engine can be controlled and / or instructed to issue voice commands regarding the protective device not being correctly positioned. Optionally, the NLP can instruct the patient to adjust the positioning of the ear protection device.

[0043] In examples where the reference sound level recorded by the microphone in one ear is above a certain threshold while the microphone sound level in the other ear is below a certain threshold, a voice command is issued regarding whether the protective device has not been correctly positioned in, for example, one or both ears. Optionally, the NLP engine can instruct the patient to adjust the positioning of the headphones in that ear.

[0044] It should be noted that the above can be performed using other sensor technologies (e.g., optical sensors), where the NLP engine can be driven by the relationship between light intensity and a certain light intensity threshold.

[0045] Additionally, NLP engines can utilize Natural Language Understanding (NLU), which is well-suited for understanding questions or comments a patient might ask. For this purpose, ear protection systems may include audio input devices (e.g., microphones).

[0046] Alternatively, the NLP engine can utilize Natural Language Generation (NLG), which is suitable for generating responses to patients based on, for example, the patient's actions and requests. This allows for communication with the patient to make specific adjustments based on the corresponding situation.

[0047] According to an embodiment, the ear protection system further includes at least one microphone adapted to record or capture the patient's voice and / or generated signals, wherein the NLP engine is also adapted to generate, at least semi-automatically, the instructions to the patient in a speech manner based on the recording or capture from the microphone.

[0048] In an embodiment, the ear protection system may further include at least two of the sensor devices adapted to determine measurements of noise transmitted toward the patient's ear through the ear protection device, wherein at least one of the sensor devices is assigned to the patient's first ear, and at least another of the sensor devices is assigned to the patient's second ear. This allows for the generation of side-specific commands, which, for example, can further facilitate the positioning or repositioning of the ear protection device.

[0049] According to a first aspect, a medical imaging system is provided. The system includes:

[0050] Medical imaging equipment, and

[0051] Ear protection system, which includes:

[0052] An ear protection device adapted to be fitted around the ear of a patient to be imaged, and includes at least a first communication interface and a sensor device adapted to determine a measurement of noise transmitted through the ear protection device toward the patient's ear.

[0053] A patient assistive device adapted to assist a patient in fitting the ear protection device around the patient's ear by using indication commands, and including at least a second communication interface, and

[0054] A controllable signal transmitter adapted to output a proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise to be measured by the at least one sensor device.

[0055] During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase of the medical imaging device, the ear protection device and the patient assistance device are communicatively connected to each other via the first communication interface and the second communication interface, and the patient assistance device generates assistance instructions for the patient based on the evaluation of the generated noise and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device as determined by the sensor device.

[0056] In this way, an ear protection system is provided to protect patients during imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) procedures, where noise levels are typically around 95 to 105 dB and can reach 130 dB or higher. Wearing ear protection is mandatory during MRI examinations; however, patients are often not accustomed to wearing such devices and may not wear them correctly to achieve the required level of protection, especially children, the elderly, and patients with dementia. The provided system addresses this problem by, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of the protection provided by the ear protection device and providing supportive instructions to the patient. The workflow implemented using the aforementioned ear protection system at least supports semi-autonomous medical imaging.

[0057] Preferably, the medical imaging device is an MR imaging device.

[0058] In at least some embodiments, the ear protection system and the medical imaging device may be communicatively connected to each other, for example, via a suitable communication interface, such that the ear protection system can at least partially control the medical imaging device, and vice versa.

[0059] According to an embodiment, the transition from the preparation stage to the imaging stage can preferably be controlled electronically based on the results of the evaluation.

[0060] In an embodiment, during the imaging phase, the noise transmitted through the ear protection device is monitored and evaluated, and when the evaluation indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device reaches or exceeds a certain threshold, the ear protection system is adapted to provide a signal indicating whether the preparation phase has been successfully completed to at least automatically interrupt the imaging phase by controlling the medical imaging device. In other words, noise suppression can be monitored, for example, continuously, during the imaging phase (e.g., MR scan). If the residual noise level for the patient reaches or exceeds a certain threshold level that may cause hearing impairment, imaging (e.g., MR scan) can be automatically stopped. This further improves patient safety.

[0061] According to a second aspect, a preferred computer-implemented method for ear protection in medical imaging is provided. Optionally, the method can be performed using an ear protection system according to a first aspect and / or a medical imaging system according to a second aspect. The method includes the following steps:

[0062] Provide patients who are to be imaged with ear protection devices that are suitable for fitting around or inside the ear.

[0063] During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging stage, a proxy signal is generated by a controllable signal transmitter. This proxy signal represents the expected imaging equipment noise and is to be measured by at least one sensor device.

[0064] The measurement of noise transmitted through the ear protection device toward the patient's ear is determined by at least one sensor device.

[0065] Assistive instructions for the patient are generated based on the evaluation of the generated signals and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device as determined by the sensor device.

[0066] In this way, an ear protection system is provided to protect patients during imaging phases (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging MRI), where noise levels are typically around 95 to 105 dB and can reach 130 dB or higher. Wearing ear protection devices is mandatory during MRI examinations; however, patients are often not accustomed to wearing such devices and may therefore not wear them correctly to achieve the required level of protection, a situation exacerbated by children, the elderly, and patients with dementia. The provided system addresses this problem by, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of the protection provided by the ear protection device and providing supportive instructions to the patient.

[0067] According to an embodiment, the method may further include: controlling the transition from the preparation phase to the imaging phase, preferably electronically and / or automatically, based on the results of the evaluation. For example, an ear protection system may generate signals to control access blocking devices such as traffic lights, doors, obstacles, etc., thereby enabling or deactivating the access blocking devices only when sufficient ear protection is provided. This can allow for a high degree of automation, for example, in medical imaging, and can also improve patient safety.

[0068] In an embodiment, the method may further include: during the preparation phase, controlling an actuator to apply a compressive force between the ear protection device and the patient to reduce the noise transmitted through the ear protection device, the actuator being adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device around the patient's ear, wherein if the evaluation indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device is below a threshold, the instruction to the patient is omitted. In this way, the generation of unnecessary instructions can be avoided.

[0069] According to an embodiment, the actuator can be controlled based on scan information received from the medical imaging device. In this way, a preemptive level of compression can be provided; for example, if the next stage of the scan is expected to be particularly loud, signals from the scanner can be used to provide additional compression and prepare for greater attenuation of very loud sounds, thereby protecting the patient. When the scanner enters normal or static mode, the earmuffs can not only be properly compressed again in a less tight manner, but a safe level of sound attenuation can also be provided, thus offering maximum comfort and safety for the patient.

[0070] Additionally or alternatively, the method may further include: during the preparation phase, controlling an actuator to apply compressive force of one or more actuation intensities, the actuator being adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device around the patient's ear, wherein if, at one or more of the actuation intensities, the evaluation indicates that transmitted noise reaches or exceeds a certain threshold, additional instructions are generated to the patient to refit or reposition the ear protection device. For example, the actuator may be controlled to move to at least approximately the maximum actuation intensity and / or at least approximately the minimum actuation intensity. After applying one or more actuation intensities, it may be checked whether the ear protection device still has a sufficient seal. If the actuator is able to disrupt the seal by applying one or more actuation intensities, the ear protection system may generate additional instructions for refitting or repositioning, wherein these additional instructions may be more specific because it is already known at which actuation point the seal was disrupted.

[0071] According to another aspect, a computer program unit is provided for controlling one or more systems in the system described above, wherein if the computer program unit is run by a processing unit, the computer program unit is adapted to perform one or more methods as described above.

[0072] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium storing the computer units as described above is provided.

[0073] The computer program unit can be, for example, a software program, but it can also be an FPGA, PLD, or any other suitable digital device.

[0074] Advantageously, the benefits provided by any one of the above aspects apply equally to all other aspects, and vice versa.

[0075] The above aspects and examples will become apparent and illustrated with reference to the embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0076] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the following figures:

[0077] Figure 1 A medical imaging system according to an embodiment is illustrated in a schematic block diagram;

[0078] Figure 2 Examples of MR head coils including a base portion and a top portion are shown, as well as examples of MR head coils showing only the base portion;

[0079] Figure 3 Examples of earmuffs for an adaptive ear protection system are shown, which has a pneumatic system fed by pressurized air. An example with two earmuffs illustrates how increased air pressure can be used to reduce compression around the ear, and an example with one earmuff illustrates how increased air pressure can be used to increase compression around the ear.

[0080] Figure 4 Methods for ear protection in medical imaging devices and / or in medical imaging are illustrated.

[0081] List of reference numerals

[0082] 1. Medical Imaging System

[0083] 10-channel blocking device

[0084] 100 Medical Imaging Equipment

[0085] 200 Ear Protection System

[0086] 210 Ear protection devices

[0087] 211 First Communication Interface

[0088] 212 Sensor Equipment

[0089] 220 Patient Assistive Devices

[0090] 221 Data Processing Unit

[0091] 222 Second Communication Interface

[0092] 223 Functional Modules

[0093] 224 audio output devices

[0094] 225 Graphics output devices

[0095] 230 Noise Source

[0096] 240 microphones

[0097] 250 actuators

[0098] EA Inspection Area

[0099] PA Preparation Area

[0100] S1-S4 Method Steps Detailed Implementation

[0101] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram illustrates a medical imaging system 1, which is based on MR imaging.

[0102] The medical imaging system 1 is adapted for preparing and examining a patient P, and includes a medical imaging device 100 (e.g., an MR imaging device) and an ear protection system 200. Additionally, the ear protection system 200 can be subsequently added to or integrated into an existing medical imaging system.

[0103] like Figure 1The dashed lines in the diagram depict a first position (PR) and a second position (ER), with at least a portion of the ear protection system 200 positioned at the first position (PR) and the medical imaging device 100 positioned at the second position (ER). For example, the designation PA could refer to the preparation area, and the designation EA could refer to the examination area. Similarly, the operation or use of the medical imaging system 1 and / or the medical imaging device 100 and / or the ear protection system 200 can be divided into a preparation phase and an imaging phase, wherein the ear protection system 200 is used substantially during the preparation phase, and the medical imaging device 100 is used during the imaging phase while the ear protection system 200 is still used simultaneously. In at least some embodiments, the first position PA and the second position EA can be physically or spatially separated from each other, wherein the medical imaging system 100 or the facility where the medical imaging system 100 is located can include a passage blocking device 10. This can include physical devices, such as an electrically driven empty door, etc. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, the passage blocking device 10 can include traffic lights (not shown) or other visual and / or auditory devices adapted to indicate, at least visually or auditorily, whether a patient wishes to pass through. The channel blocking device 10 is particularly suitable for electronic control by the medical imaging system 1 and / or the ear protection system 200.

[0104] The ear protection system 120 (which in at least some embodiments can also be understood as a system that can be provided independently of the medical imaging device 100) includes an ear protection device 210 adapted to be fitted around or inside the ear of the patient P to be imaged. Figure 1 As indicated herein, the ear protection device 210 may be configured or formed, for example, a pair of earmuffs, earplugs, etc.

[0105] The ear protection device 210 includes a first communication interface 211, which is configured as a wireless communication interface, such as a Bluetooth module, a Wi-Fi module, etc. Additionally, the ear protection device 210 includes at least one sensor device 212 adapted to determine measurements of noise transmitted through the ear protection device toward the ear of the patient P. For example, the at least one sensor device 212 may include one or more of the following: an optical sensor arrangement, an acoustic sensor arrangement (e.g., one or more microphones), a pressure measurement arrangement (for measuring positive or negative air pressure within the earmuff), an electrical sensor arrangement, etc., and combinations thereof may also be used. In an example, the at least one sensor device may include at least one microphone. Measurements of the fit effectiveness of the earmuffs around the patient's ear include at least one measured sound level. In an example, the at least one sensor device includes a pair of air tubes. The first air tube of this pair is configured to surround the cavity of a first earmuff surrounding the patient's first ear and connected to at least one microphone. The second air tube of this pair is configured to surround the cavity of a second earmuff surrounding the patient's second ear and connected to at least one microphone. In other words, the air tube connects the internal portion of the earmuff (used to detect the level of noise the patient's ears are experiencing) to a microphone located outside the earmuff (e.g., integrated into the operating console of the MRI system, or with the MRI head coil, or with, for example, a patient support). In this way, the wired microphone is at a safe distance from the patient and securely located outside the imaging area of ​​the MRI system, while the passive air tube is in that area, thus transmitting the sound level at the patient's ears to these external microphones, where the sound level indicates the effectiveness of the ear protection device's fit.

[0106] It has been established that it is not always necessary to measure the sound level at the ear to assess the effectiveness of ear protection, which led to the development of the surrogate methods discussed above, and will be described in more detail below. In particular, it has been determined that the effectiveness of acoustic protection provided by earmuffs is related to the quality of the seal between the earmuff and the skin around the patient's ear. Monitoring this seal level has led to different surrogate methods for determining fit effectiveness that is related to acoustic attenuation.

[0107] Therefore, as now described, a range of surrogate measurements can be used to assess the quality of this seal between the earmuff and the patient, thereby indirectly evaluating the effectiveness of the ear protection provided by the earmuff. The surrogate method can employ any of the following physical measurement methods:

[0108] One light-based method involves using light leakage across the sealed portion to assess seal quality. For example, in a simple approach, a photosensitive device (such as a photodiode) is added to the inside of the earcups—ideally, the earcups are opaque. Any light leaking from the environment into the earcups will be detected by the photodetector and directly indicate a poor seal—which in turn reduces the effectiveness of the protection.

[0109] In the first electrical method, two electrodes are added at the sealing location to contact the patient's skin, and the impedance / conductance between the electrodes is measured. The conductance / capacitance increases with the firmness of the electrode contact with the skin, which can be used as an indicator of a good seal after proper calibration. High-resistance wiring is used for the electrical setup to ensure RF safety in this embodiment.

[0110] In the second electrical method, the quality of the seal is evaluated using an electrical signal at the seal point. A single thin-film electrode is added near the seal location, isolated from the patient's skin by a thin insulating layer. The capacitance relative to a common ground plane (i.e., the RF shield of the body coil) is then measured. As the distance between the electrode and the skin increases, the capacitance decreases, directly indicating a poor seal—which in turn reduces the effectiveness of protection. High-resistance wiring is again used for the electrical setup to ensure RF safety in this embodiment.

[0111] The use of additional suitable electrical settings for one or more electrodes, along with measurements of the mutual impedance between these electrodes, can be used to determine whether an ear protection device (earmuff, earplug) provides a tight seal.

[0112] Another approach is based on a slightly constant positive or negative air pressure inside the earcups. Any loss of tightness will cause a drop in pressure, or if a feedback loop is used to maintain a constant pressure, any loss of tightness will cause an increase in the air supply to keep the pressure at a preset level.

[0113] Because the ear is highly susceptible to pressure differences, another approach is to use a gas different from air (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon) at ambient pressure inside the earcups and measure the gas composition. Any air ingress indicates a loss of tightness in the seal. Gas sensors are relatively inexpensive and can be selected to allow operation using high-resistance wiring to ensure RF safety.

[0114] Compared to directly measuring sound levels, several of these methods have advantages in terms of MR compatibility and simplicity of physical principles.

[0115] Of all the methods described above, the effectiveness of earmuff fit, measured directly based on sound level or using the aforementioned proxy methods, can be used in conjunction with a pneumatic (or other actuated) system to adjust the compression of the earmuff on the patient's head, thereby providing the correct and comfortable level of protection.

[0116] Additionally, the ear protection system 200 includes a patient assistive device 220, which is adapted to generate and / or output appropriate instructions to the patient P to assist the patient P in fitting the ear protection device 210 in a suitable manner. The patient assistive device 220 can be any suitable type of computer device, including, for example, a data processing unit 221, a second communication interface 222, and multiple functional modules 223. The second communication interface 222 is adapted to establish and / or provide a communication link to the first communication interface 211 of the ear protection device 210. The multiple functional modules 223 can be stored in a memory, can be executed by the data processing unit 221, and can be adapted to provide some or all of the functions described herein. Furthermore, the patient assistive device 220 includes at least one audio output device 224, which is adapted to provide instructions from the patient assistive device 220 to the patient P in audio form. For example, the audio output device 224 can be, for example, an external speaker at a first position PA and / or a speaker integrated into the ear protection device 210. Alternatively or additionally, the patient assistive device 220 includes at least one graphics output device 225 disposed in, for example, a first position PA, and is adapted to provide instructions of the patient assistive device 220 to the patient P in a visual manner. For example, the graphics output device 225 may include one or more of the following: a display, a video screen, etc.

[0117] Additionally, the ear protection system 200 includes a controllable signal transmitter 230 adapted to output a proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise and measured by at least one sensor device. For example, the signal transmitter 230 may be configured or formed as a speaker, a light emitter (for emitting light), a pressure generator (for providing a slightly constant positive or negative pressure within the earmuff), an electrical signal (representing the contact between the ear protection device and the patient's skin), etc. It can be controlled by the ear protection system 200 and / or the patient assistive device 220, wherein the signal output may be based on recorded or generated audio data, generated light, pressure, electrical signals, etc.

[0118] Additionally, the ear protection system 200 includes at least one microphone 240 adapted to capture sound and / or speech from patient P. The microphone 240 may be positioned in a first position PA and / or integrated into the ear protection device 210.

[0119] like Figure 1 The dotted lines indicate that the aforementioned entities can be interconnected with each other via suitable data lines, wireless communication links, etc.

[0120] Typically, during the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase of the medical imaging device 100, the ear protection device 210 and the patient assistance device 220 are communicatively connected to each other via the first communication interface 211 and the second communication interface 222, and the patient assistance device 210 generates assistance instructions for the patient based on an evaluation of the generated noise and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device 210 as determined by the sensor device 212.

[0121] Optionally, the ear protection system 200 may also include a natural language processing (NLP) engine, which may be implemented as, for example, a functional module 223 adapted to influence the generation of instructions based at least on measurements of noise transmitted through the ear protection device 210 as determined by the sensor device 212.

[0122] It should be noted that the above can be performed using other sensor technologies (e.g., optical sensors), where the NLP engine can be driven by the relationship between light intensity and a certain light intensity threshold.

[0123] Additionally, the NLP engine can utilize Natural Language Understanding (NLU), which is well-suited for understanding questions a patient might ask or comments they might make. For this purpose, the ear protection system may include an audio input device, such as a microphone 240.

[0124] Alternatively, the NLP engine may utilize Natural Language Generation (NLG), which is suitable for generating responses to patient P based on, for example, the actions and requests of patient P.

[0125] Optionally, the NLP engine can also be adapted to generate voice commands to the patient in at least a semi-automatic manner based on recordings or captures from the microphone 240.

[0126] Additionally, the ear protection system 200 also includes an actuator 250 (see also...) Figure 1The actuator 250 is adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device 210 around the patient P's ear by applying a compressive force acting between the ear protection device 210 and the patient P. The patient assistive device 220 may also be adapted to generate instructions for the operation of the actuator 250. For example, a data processing device 221 may be configured to control the actuator 250 to adjust the fit of the earmuffs around the patient's ear, such control including the use of measurements of the fit effectiveness of the ear protection device. Optionally, the actuator 250 may be configured as a pneumatic system adapted to adjust the compression until a proper tight seal is provided around the ear protection device 210.

[0127] Now for reference Figure 2 The earmuffs and Figure 1 The earmuffs shown are similar, but they have pistons as part of the pneumatic system to change the level of compression provided around the head. Figure 2 The earmuffs in the MRI system are equipped with dual air tubes for use during MRI scans or examinations. These air tubes extend into the earmuffs and have openings on the ear sides where sound is attenuated. The air tubes are connected to speakers in the MRI system to provide music or operator instructions to the patient. However, the air tubes are also additionally connected to a pair of microphones in a portion of the MR system, which measure the sound levels within the earmuffs at each of the patient's ears. While microphones could be positioned in attenuation zones within the earmuffs with appropriate high-resistance circuitry, it has been found easier, and particularly advantageous, to use standard microphones located outside the RF active portion of the MRI apparatus and relay sound to them using these air tubes, given the provision of air tubes for patient communication. The microphones can be integrated into the communication unit of the MRI system, which carries speakers used in conjunction with the MR earmuffs shown. This may require longer air tubes, which could introduce additional noise into the microphone system when the air tubes are moved. Therefore, the microphones can also be alternatively integrated into the MR head coil (see [link to documentation]). Figure 2 An air tube from the earmuff is connected by a staff member to a flexible adapter integrated into the MR head coil, which internally houses the microphone. The microphone can be similarly integrated with the patient support if desired. The air tube is actually able to extend into the earmuff and then through the earplug (similar to...). Figure 1(As shown in the diagram), here, the patient inserts the earplug into their ear. In this way, the sound level indicating the effectiveness of the fit is measured at the correct location near the ear canal. In fact, the system can operate without earmuffs. Here, an air tube extends through the earplug to the microphone, and the picked-up sound level is sent to the data processing unit, which provides an output if the sound level is too high. Therefore, even when the patient wears only the earplug without earmuffs, an adaptive response to excessively high in-ear sound levels can be provided by issuing a warning and triggering patient / staff action, or even by providing automatic scan termination.

[0128] Figure 3 An earmuff equipped with a pneumatic compression system is shown, which is fed by pressurized air supplied through an additional lumen in a connecting tube. Therefore, the connecting tube or air tube is a tube with two lumens, and thus, it is essentially a composite tube comprising two tubes. One tube is used for audio communication, and the second tube is used for the pneumatic system. A software-controlled piston 32, integrated into the MR system, is connected to the second tube for the pneumatic system, which in turn connects to a second set of pistons in the earmuff.

[0129] Then, the two pistons of the pneumatic compression system can be used together with the main structure of the earcups, where the increased air pressure reduces the compression of the earcups by pushing the two earcups apart, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in Figure 1 In this configuration, two pistons extend to move the earmuffs away from each other. Additionally, an extra piston associated with the earmuffs can be used to move the earmuffs in an inward direction away from the main structure, pressing both earmuffs against the patient's head, where increased air pressure increases the compression of the earmuffs. Figure 3The single earmuff shown in the diagram illustrates this situation, where a piston is adjacent to the earmuff. Therefore, for compression, only one piston needs to be associated with one earmuff to compress both earmuffs. However, more complex relaxation and compression systems are possible, where the earmuffs can move independently because, for example, portions of the earmuff's main structure are immovable relative to the patient's head. Therefore, the clamps or main structure of the MR earmuff are provided with a pneumatically actuated system to regulate compression against the patient's head. This avoids any wiring and active electrical equipment that could interfere with the MR apparatus, thus maintaining MR safety and image quality during scanning. As described above, several embodiments can be implemented to realize the mechanics of the pneumatic system. They all share a common feature: a cavity in the earmuff's tube supplies pressurized air to some form of actuator 250 in the clamp. The pressurized air is supplied by a software-controlled piston integrated into the MR system. An actuator associated with a second set of pistons can operate as a counter-spring, thereby releasing the earmuff from the head or compressing it against the patient's head. In a further embodiment, the pneumatic system can also use air pressure to inflate the portion of the contact pad that surrounds the patient's ear. In such an actuator, the increased pressure will also result in a stronger seal between the earmuff and the patient's head.

[0130] It has been established that it is not always necessary to measure the sound level at the ear to assess the effectiveness of ear protection, which led to the development of the surrogate methods discussed above, and will be described in more detail below. In particular, it has been determined that the effectiveness of acoustic protection provided by earmuffs is related to the quality of the seal between the earmuff and the skin around the patient's ear. Monitoring this seal level has led to different surrogate methods for determining fit effectiveness that is related to acoustic attenuation.

[0131] Therefore, as now described, a range of surrogate measurements can be used to assess the quality of this seal between the earmuff and the patient, thereby indirectly evaluating the effectiveness of the ear protection provided by the earmuff. The surrogate method can employ any of the following physical measurement methods:

[0132] One light-based method involves using light leakage across the sealed portion to assess seal quality. For example, in a simple approach, a photosensitive device (such as a photodiode) is added to the inside of the earcups—ideally, the earcups are opaque. Any light leaking from the environment into the earcups will be detected by the photodetector and directly indicate a poor seal—which in turn reduces the effectiveness of the protection.

[0133] In the first electrical method, two electrodes are added at the sealing location to contact the patient's skin, and the impedance / conductance between the electrodes is measured. The conductance / capacitance increases with the firmness of the electrode contact with the skin, which can be used as an indicator of a good seal after proper calibration. High-resistance wiring is used for the electrical setup to ensure RF safety in this embodiment.

[0134] In the second electrical method, the quality of the seal is evaluated using an electrical signal at the seal point. A single thin-film electrode is added near the seal location, isolated from the patient's skin by a thin insulating layer. The capacitance relative to a common ground plane (i.e., the RF shield of the body coil) is then measured. As the distance between the electrode and the skin increases, the capacitance decreases, directly indicating a poor seal—which in turn reduces the effectiveness of protection. High-resistance wiring is again used for the electrical setup to ensure RF safety in this embodiment.

[0135] The use of additional suitable electrical settings for one or more electrodes, along with measurements of the mutual impedance between these electrodes, can be used to determine whether an ear protection device (earmuff, earplug) provides a tight seal.

[0136] Another approach is based on a slightly constant positive or negative air pressure inside the earcups. Any loss of tightness will cause a drop in pressure, or if a feedback loop is used to maintain a constant pressure, any loss of tightness will cause an increase in the air supply to keep the pressure at a preset level.

[0137] Because the ear is highly susceptible to pressure differences, another approach is to use a gas different from air (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon) at ambient pressure inside the earcups and measure the gas composition. Any air ingress indicates a loss of tightness in the seal. Gas sensors are relatively inexpensive and can be selected to allow operation using high-resistance wiring to ensure RF safety.

[0138] Compared to directly measuring sound levels, several of these methods have advantages in terms of MR compatibility and simplicity of physical principles.

[0139] In all the above methods, the effectiveness of the earmuff fit, measured directly based on the sound level or using the above-described proxy methods, can be used in conjunction with the actuator 250 and / or the pneumatic system to adjust the compression of the earmuff on the patient's head, thereby providing the correct and comfortable level of protection.

[0140] The control system or processing unit is able to measure the sound level during scanning using the aforementioned microphone (or via one of the proxy methods) and compare that sound level to a threshold that provides a safe sound level. If the sound level (either directly measured or determined based on the earmuff seal level obtained according to a proxy method associated with a calibration factor) is higher than the threshold, the system increases the compression of the earmuffs to achieve a better earmuff seal. Otherwise, the compression is released to a more comfortable level. If the system measures insufficient protection (even for maximum compression), it can ask the patient to manually adjust the device. If this does not help, the system can eventually alert the radiographer. The system is able to increase compression during loud scans and release compression during quiet periods to improve overall comfort. If the earmuff seal is determined to be insufficient according to a proxy method, the control system is also able to increase compression without using the threshold. Thus, for example, once the earmuffs are tight after compression (e.g., providing light tightness), further tightness can be provided via further compression.

[0141] The aforementioned ear protection system and associated ear protection methods offer several advantages, including avoiding the use of hearing tests to assess the effectiveness of ear protection. Hearing tests are subjective, time-consuming, and may not be consistently performed (e.g., due to time pressure or patient non-compliance). This method allows for sustained control and immediate action throughout the examination. It also captures instances where patients remove earmuffs (or earplugs) during the scan or where attenuation decreases during the scan due to a poor fit of the device.

[0142] High resistance circuit

[0143] Referring to the high-resistance circuits described above (e.g., those used in the aforementioned proxy methods), these electrical embodiments can relate to measuring a certain resistance across a portion of the skin, typically in the range of 0.1–10 kΩ. Therefore, high-resistance circuits can involve small skin patches and associated resistance leads with approximately 10 kΩ / m, causing the preamplifier to be several tens of centimeters away from the patient, which allows for safe use without affecting the resistance measurement. Such circuits have been shown to be safe in the defined MR.

[0144] The medical imaging system 1 and / or patient assistive device 220 described above can be operated as follows.

[0145] For example, patient P can receive an ear protection device 210 already in the first position PA to learn and properly use the ear protection device 210. Patient P can then apply the ear protection device 210 in the first position PA and check for appropriate noise suppression guided by the patient assistance device 220. Only when this evaluation is positive can patient P be allowed to advance to the second position EA, for example, through the channel blocking device 10 (which can be automatically controlled). Optionally, noise suppression can then be continuously monitored during the MR scan. Optionally, if noise suppression drops below a predefined threshold level (which is classified as insufficient), the scan can be automatically interrupted or stopped.

[0146] Figure 4 A preferred computer-implemented method for ear protection in medical imaging devices and / or in medical imaging is shown.

[0147] In step S1, an ear protection device 210 is provided, which is adapted to be attached to the area around or inside the ear of the patient P to be imaged.

[0148] In step S2, during the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase, a proxy signal is generated by the controllable signal transmitter 230.

[0149] In step S3, the measurement result of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device 210 toward the patient P's ear is determined by using at least one sensor device 212 that measures the proxy signal.

[0150] In step S4, an auxiliary instruction for the patient P is generated based on an evaluation of the generated noise and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device determined by the sensor device 212.

[0151] Optionally, during the preparation phase, the actuator 250 is controlled to apply a compressive force between the ear protection device 210 and the patient P to reduce noise transmitted through the ear protection device 210. Thus, if the evaluation results indicate that the noise level transmitted through the ear protection device 210 is below a threshold, instructions to the patient P are omitted.

[0152] Further optionally, during the preparation phase, the actuator 250 is controlled to apply compressive force at one or more actuation intensities, wherein if the evaluation results indicate that the transmitted noise reaches or exceeds a threshold at one or more actuation intensities, further instructions to the patient are generated to refit or reposition the ear protection device 210.

[0153] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer program or computer program unit is provided, characterized in that it is configured to run method steps of the method according to one of the foregoing embodiments on a suitable system.

[0154] Therefore, the computer program unit can be stored on a computer unit (e.g., a computer unit within a smartphone, laptop, tablet, or oral hygiene device (e.g., a toothbrush)), and this computer program unit can also be part of the embodiments. The computing unit can be configured to perform or cause the execution of steps of the described method. Furthermore, the computing unit can be configured to operate components of the described system. The computing unit can be configured to automatically operate and / or execute user commands. The computer program can be loaded into the working memory of the data processor. Therefore, the data processor can be equipped to execute the method according to one of the foregoing embodiments.

[0155] This exemplary embodiment of the invention covers both computer programs that use the invention from the outset and computer programs that use the invention by means of updating existing programs.

[0156] In addition, the computer program unit may be able to provide all the necessary steps to complete the process of the exemplary embodiments of the method described above.

[0157] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable medium, such as a CD-ROM, a USB stick, etc., is provided, wherein the computer-readable medium has computer program units stored on the computer-readable medium, the computer program units being described in the preceding sections.

[0158] Computer programs can be stored and / or distributed on suitable media, such as optical storage media or solid-state media supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but can also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunications systems.

[0159] However, computer programs can also exist on networks (such as the World Wide Web) and can be downloaded from such networks into the working memory of a data processor. According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a medium is provided for making computer program units available for download, said computer program units being arranged to perform a method according to an embodiment of the previously described embodiments of the invention.

[0160] It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to different subjects. In particular, some embodiments are described with reference to method claims, while others are described with reference to apparatus claims. However, unless otherwise stated, those skilled in the art will infer from the above and below that any combination of features relating to different subjects, in addition to any combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter, is also considered to be disclosed in this application. However, all features can be combined to provide synergistic effects beyond the simple addition of features.

[0161] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions should be considered illustrative or exemplary, and not restrictive. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Those skilled in the art, through studying the drawings, the disclosure, and the claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in practicing the claimed invention.

[0162] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the words "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit can perform the functions of several items recited in the claims. Although certain measures are recited in different dependent claims, this does not indicate that combinations of these measures cannot be advantageously used. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. An ear protection system (200) for a medical imaging device, the ear protection system comprising: An ear protection device (210) adapted to be fitted around or inside the ear of a patient (P) to be imaged, and includes at least a first communication interface (211) and at least one sensor device (212) adapted to determine a measurement of noise transmitted toward the patient's ear through the ear protection device (210). A controllable signal transmitter (230) is adapted to output a proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise and to be measured by the at least one sensor device (212). A patient assistive device (220) adapted to assist a patient in fitting the ear protection device (210) using one or more of representation technologies, communication technologies, and / or user interaction technologies, and including at least a second communication interface. During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase of the medical imaging device, the ear protection device (210) and the patient assistance device (220) are adapted to be communicatively connected to each other via the first communication interface and the second communication interface, and the patient assistance device (220) is adapted to generate and provide assistance instructions to the patient based on the evaluation of the proxy signal and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) determined by the sensor device (212).

2. The ear protection system according to claim 1, in, The ear protection system is adapted to provide a signal indicating whether the preparation phase has been successfully completed in order to control the transition from the preparation phase to the imaging phase based on the evaluation results.

3. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The patient assistive device (220) is also adapted to repeat the evaluation when it is determined, based on the result of the evaluation, that the noise being transmitted reaches or exceeds a certain threshold, and to adjust the instructions according to the result of the evaluation when necessary.

4. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ear protection system also includes an actuator adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device (210) around the patient's ear by applying a compressive force acting between the ear protection device (210) and the patient (P). The patient assistive device is also adapted to generate instructions for the operation of the actuator.

5. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ear protection system (200) and / or the patient assistive device (220) are also adapted to control a channel blocking device, the channel blocking device being positioned between a first position for performing the preparation phase and a second position for performing the imaging phase using the medical imaging device, and When the evaluation result indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) is below a certain threshold, the channel blocking device is controlled to be released to allow the patient to pass through.

6. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ear protection system (200) and / or the ear protection device (210) further include at least one audio output device adapted to provide the patient with the instructions of the patient assistive device in audio form.

7. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ear protection system also includes a natural language processing (NLP) engine adapted to influence the generation of the instructions based at least on the measurement of noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) as determined by the sensor device (212).

8. The ear protection system according to claim 7, in, The ear protection system also includes at least one microphone adapted to capture the patient's voice and / or the proxy signal, and The NLP engine is also adapted to generate, at least semi-automatically, the instructions to the patient in a voice manner based on the capture from the microphone.

9. The ear protection system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ear protection system also includes at least two sensor devices in the sensor device (212), the sensor device (212) being adapted to determine the measurement of noise transmitted toward the patient's ear through the ear protection device (210), and In this embodiment, at least one of the sensor devices (212) is assigned to the patient's first ear, and at least another of the sensor devices is assigned to the patient's second ear.

10. A medical imaging system (1), comprising: Medical imaging equipment (100), and The ear protection system (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase of the medical imaging device, the ear protection device (210) and the patient assistance device (220) are communicatively connected to each other via the first communication interface and the second communication interface, and the patient assistance device (220) generates instructions for the patient based on the evaluation of the proxy signal and the measurement results of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) determined by the sensor device (212).

11. The medical imaging system according to claim 10, in, During the imaging phase, the noise transmitted through the ear protection device is monitored and evaluated, and When the evaluation indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device reaches or exceeds a certain threshold, the ear protection system (200) is adapted to provide a signal indicating whether the preparation phase has been successfully completed in order to control the imaging phase to be at least automatically interrupted by controlling the medical imaging device.

12. A method for protecting the ear in medical imaging, comprising: Provide the patient to be imaged with (S1) an ear protection device (210) suitable for fitting around or inside the ear, During the patient preparation phase prior to the imaging phase, a proxy signal (S2) is generated by a controllable signal transmitter (230), the proxy signal representing the expected imaging device noise and to be measured by at least one sensor device (212). The measurement result of the noise transmitted through the ear protection device toward the patient's ear is determined (S3) by using at least one sensor device (212). An auxiliary instruction for the patient is generated (S4) based on the evaluation of the measurement results of the proxy signal and the noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) determined by the sensor device (212).

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: During the preparation phase, the actuator (250) is controlled to apply a compressive force between the ear protection device and the patient to reduce the noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210). The actuator (250) is adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device around the patient's (P) ear. If the evaluation indicates that the level of noise transmitted through the ear protection device (210) is below a threshold, then the instruction to the patient is omitted.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising: During the preparation phase, the actuator (250) is controlled to apply compressive force of one or more actuation intensities, the actuator being adapted to adjust the fit of the ear protection device around the patient's ear. If, at one or more of the actuation intensities, the evaluation indicates that the transmitted noise reaches or exceeds a threshold, then additional instructions are generated for the patient to re-fit or reposition the ear protection device (210).

15. A computer program unit for controlling a system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or a system according to any one of claims 10 and 11, the computer program unit being configured, when run by a processor, to perform the method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

Images