A detachable small air gun seismic source system

Abstract

The present invention provides a detachable small air gun seismic source system, comprising a high-pressure air supply system, a power supply device, a hoisting suspension system, a seismic source system, an air gun control part and a hull bearing part, wherein the power supply device is connected to the air supply system and the hoisting suspension system to provide power support for them, the high-pressure air supply system provides high-pressure gas for the seismic source system, the hoisting suspension system sinks the seismic source system to a designed depth, and the seismic source system, under the control of the air gun control part, rapidly sprays high-pressure gas into the water to form high-pressure bubbles to complete expansion and contraction vibration, and the air supply system, the power supply device, the hoisting suspension system, the seismic source system and the air gun control part are all located on the hull bearing part. The detachable small air gun seismic source system can be effectively excited at the designed gun point position in special areas such as reservoirs and lakes where explosive seismic sources cannot be used, and the construction efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to a detachable small-sized air gun seismic source system. Background Art

[0002] Geophysical exploration construction in special waters on land cannot carry out explosive source excitation operations as required. The existing equipment of the same type is mainly "spark" seismic source, which has problems such as weak excitation energy, insufficient noise suppression ability, poor data quality, low construction efficiency, and the lack of data energy is obvious from the single shot record.

[0003] In the Chinese patent application with application number: CN201520105395.1, a mobile air gun seismic source system is involved, which is characterized by: it is composed of an air gun control system, a high-pressure system and an air gun; the air gun control system is connected to the air gun through a control line to control the action of the air gun piston, and the high-pressure system is connected to the air gun through a high-pressure air pipe and a gun plate; the air gun control system includes an air gun controller, multiple sensors, an uninterruptible power supply and a power supply, multiple sensors are connected to the input end of the air gun controller through a data line, and the power supply is connected to the air gun controller through an uninterruptible power supply to provide power to the air gun controller; the high-pressure system includes an air compressor, a gas cylinder, a high-pressure filter, a fisherman's valve, a gun plate, and a manifold, the air compressor is connected to the gas cylinder through a high-pressure air pipe to provide gas to the gas cylinder, the gas cylinder is connected to the manifold through a high-pressure air pipe, a high-pressure filter and a fisherman's valve are provided on the high-pressure air pipe between the gas cylinder and the manifold, the fisherman's valve controls the maximum pressure of the high-pressure system, and the manifold is connected to the gun plate through a high-pressure air pipe. The design mentions the fisherman valve, which means that in the high-pressure system, the design is more complicated, and the air compressor should be driven by a prime mover (diesel engine), which will have a larger mass and increase the requirements for the gun array retracting and releasing floating platform. The transportation cannot be carried out by a single vehicle over long distances, which means that the cost of use is high.

[0004] In the Chinese patent application with application number: CN201320690390.0, there is disclosed an air gun seismic source engineering ship, comprising a hull (3), an engine room (1) located in the hull (3), and a main deck (2), characterized in that an air compressor cabin (4) is also provided in the middle of the hull (3), adjacent to the engine room (1); the air compressor cabin (4) is provided with a professional air compressor (5) and a high-pressure gas cylinder (6), and the professional air compressor (5) is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder (6) by pipeline; an air distribution panel (7) is provided in the middle of the main deck (2) on the upper side of the air compressor cabin (4), one end of the air distribution panel (7) is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder (6) pipeline, and the other end is connected to the air gun group (8); the air gun group (8) is connected to the air gun retracting and releasing system on the stern deck through a steel cable (12). The application is used for physical exploration operations in shallow waters, and the equipment cannot be used in inland lakes and rivers because the equipment is designed with a large mass and cannot be transported and relocated by vehicle.

[0005] For this reason, we invented a new detachable small air gun source system to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a detachable small air gun source system which can generate energy significantly higher than that generated by electric sparks.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical measures: a detachable small air gun seismic source system, which comprises a high-pressure air supply system, a power supply device, a hoisting suspension system, a seismic source system, an air gun control part and a hull load-bearing part, the power supply device is connected to the air supply system and the hoisting suspension system to provide them with power support, the high-pressure air supply system is connected to the seismic source system to provide high-pressure gas to the seismic source system, the hoisting suspension system is connected to the seismic source system to sink the seismic source system to a designed depth, the seismic source system is connected to the air gun control part, and under the control of the air gun control part, the high-pressure gas is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles to complete expansion and contraction vibration, the air supply system, the power supply device, the hoisting suspension system, the seismic source system and the air gun control part are all located on the hull load-bearing part.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0009] The high-pressure air supply system includes an air compressor, an air cylinder, a separator and a manifold box. The air compressor is connected to the power system and provides high-pressure air under the drive of the power system. The air cylinder is connected to the air compressor to store high-pressure air. The separator is connected to the air cylinder. The high-pressure air in the air cylinder is separated into water and high-pressure gas through the separator. The manifold box is connected to the separator. The high-pressure gas output by the separator is transmitted to the seismic source system through the manifold box.

[0010] The high-pressure air supply system also includes a pressure-limiting valve, a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic starting device. The safety valve and the pressure gauge are connected to the manifold box to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. The automatic starting device is connected to the pressure-limiting valve and the air compressor. The pressure-limiting valve is connected in parallel to the air storage cylinder. The automatic starting device controls whether the air compressor is working according to the pressure level, and controls the pressure-limiting valve to adjust the pressure value as needed.

[0011] The power supply device includes a generator set and a power controller. The generator set is connected to the power controller, and the power controller is connected to the air supply system and the hoisting suspension system. The power provided by the generator set is converted into voltage and then provided to the air supply system and the hoisting suspension system.

[0012] The hoisting and suspension device comprises a column, a boom, a crossbeam, an air gun bracket and an electric lifting mechanism. The column is fixed on the ship deck and bears all the weight and impact force generated by the vibration of the hoisting and suspension device; one end of the boom is connected to the column, and the other end is suspended with the electric lifting mechanism; the crossbeam is suspended at the lower end of the electric lifting mechanism so as to be raised and lowered as needed; the air gun bracket is suspended at the lower end of the crossbeam, and multiple air guns in the source system are suspended below it, and the upper end is connected to the crossbeam so that the multiple air guns can be raised and lowered following the crossbeam.

[0013] The seismic source system includes a plurality of air guns, which are respectively connected to the air gun control part and the high-pressure air supply system. Under the control of the air gun control part, the high-pressure gas transmitted by the high-pressure air supply system is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles, thereby completing the expansion and contraction vibration.

[0014] The airgun control part includes an instrument recorder, an airgun sub-controller, an airgun main controller, a controller box and a depth sensor. The instrument recorder is connected to the airgun sub-controller and transmits the blasting start signal stored in it to the airgun sub-controller. The airgun sub-controller transmits the blasting start signal to the airgun main controller through wireless data transmission. The depth sensor is connected to the airgun main controller to collect water depth data of different blasting points and transmit the water depth data to the airgun main controller. The airgun main controller is connected to the controller box and transmits the blasting start signal to the controller box according to the navigation position signal and the designated position pile number range. The controller box is connected to multiple airguns in the source system and controls the start of the multiple airguns according to the blasting start signal.

[0015] The detachable small air gun seismic source system also includes a power drive part, including two outboard motors, which provide power support for the detachable small air gun seismic source system.

[0016] The detachable small air gun seismic source system also includes auxiliary parts, including ship-borne fire-fighting equipment, life-saving equipment, cables, anchors, lighting equipment, depth sounders, shock-absorbing devices and other ancillary equipment.

[0017] The load-bearing part of the hull adopts the shape of a catamaran and is manufactured in sections, with two sets of hulls and a set of intermediate connecting platforms.

[0018] A detachable small air gun seismic source system in the present invention relates to a method of releasing high-pressure air through an air gun at a specific placement position to generate vibration. The hull bearing part of the detachable small air gun seismic source system is designed to be in the shape of a catamaran, manufactured in sections and assembled on site to ensure that it can be disassembled at any time to meet the needs of long-distance transportation in various parts of the country; a single shot record is taken out, and by comparing it with the data of previous seismic sources, there is a significant difference in the effect of releasing energy, and the energy generated by the air gun is significantly higher than the energy generated by electric sparks. The data effect is also very obvious. A detachable small air gun seismic source system in the present invention can be effectively excited at the designed shot point position according to design requirements in special areas such as reservoirs and lakes where explosive seismic sources cannot be used in geophysical exploration on land, and the construction efficiency is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of a detachable small air gun seismic source system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The present invention is a structural diagram of a detachable small air gun seismic source system. The detachable small air gun seismic source system is composed of a high-pressure air supply system, a power supply device, a hoisting suspension system, a seismic source system, a hull bearing part, a power drive part, an air gun control part and an auxiliary part.

[0022] The high-pressure air supply system includes an air compressor 03, a pressure limiting valve 05, a safety valve 09, an air storage cylinder 04, a separator 07 (water and air), a high-pressure pipeline 11, a manifold box 08, a pressure gauge 10, an automatic starting device 06, etc.; its main function is to electrically drive the air compressor 03 to provide high-pressure air, the pressure limiting valve 05 controls the output flow, the air storage cylinder 04 stores high-pressure air, and enters the manifold box 08 through the high-pressure pipeline to be distributed to each air gun pipeline.

[0023] In one embodiment, the air compressor 03 is connected to the power supply device, and under the drive of the power supply device, it provides high-pressure gas, which is delivered to the gas cylinder 04. The gas in the gas cylinder 04 passes through the separator 07 (water and air) and enters the manifold box 08 for distribution according to the number of air guns. At the same time, the pressure limiting valve 05 and the gas cylinder 04 are connected in parallel, and the pressure value is adjusted as needed. The automatic starting device 06 controls whether the air compressor works according to the pressure level. The manifold box 08 is equipped with a safety valve 09 and a high-pressure instrument 10. The high-pressure gas enters the air chamber of each air gun through the high-pressure gas pipe 11 to complete the high-pressure gas delivery work.

[0024] The power supply device is mainly composed of a generator set 01, a power controller 02, a power output line, etc., which can provide 380 volts of high-voltage electricity to ensure the normal operation of the air compressor and marine water pumps, instruments, and electric lifting devices.

[0025] The hoisting and suspension device 3 includes a column, a boom 13, a beam 14, an air gun bracket 15, an electric lifting mechanism 12, a slide rail, a lifting ear, a lifting chain, a safety chain, a lifting ring, etc. Its main function is to enable the beam 14 to reach the specified position through the slide rail on the boom, and the electric lifting mechanism 12 to perform the lifting operation to complete the air gun beam 14 and drive the air gun bracket 15 to reach the designed depth of the gun sinking.

[0026] In one embodiment, first, a 220-volt voltage is used to control the electric lifting mechanism 12; the boom 13 and the crossbeam 14 are connected by a combination of steel wire ropes, electric lifting motors and other components, and the gun sinking depth is controlled to be 2-3 meters according to experimental data. The air gun 16 is fixedly connected with the air gun bracket 15 according to different values ​​to complete the gun sinking and recovery operations of the air gun 16;

[0027] The seismic source system includes multiple air guns 16, high-pressure pipelines output from the high-pressure manifold, solenoid valves, safety valves, pipeline joints, signal lines output from the gun control box and other components; its main function is that high-pressure air enters the air chamber through the high-pressure pipeline, the start signal 23 is output through the signal line, the solenoid valve opens, the reciprocating valve slides at high speed, and the high-pressure gas is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles, completing the expansion and contraction vibration.

[0028] The load-bearing part of the hull includes two identical buoys, an intermediate connector, a separation cabin, a lifting point, a connecting point, a connecting plate and other parts; its main function is to bear the weight of various equipment, with a draft of no more than 0.5 meters, and it can complete domestic long-distance vehicle transportation to a designated location and can complete on-site lifting operations.

[0029] The power drive part includes two outboard motors, a hydraulic control system, a fuel supply system, an outboard motor suspension device, a gear operating part, and transmission tension rod components; its main function is to achieve a normal sailing speed of 5 knots and a working sailing speed of 2-4 knots, with a short turning distance and good controllability, which meets the inland water air gun operation mode.

[0030] The ships used for engineering construction are mainly equipped with onboard equipment, and the engine for propulsion power is often secondary. Generally, a built-in engine is used to drive the output shaft to connect the propeller for operation. However, the detachable small air gun source ship of the present invention requires the turning radius to be as small as possible when working on the water surface, and the speed requirement is not very high for special equipment. The traditional propulsion method can no longer meet the needs of engineering construction, so an outboard engine is selected as the propulsion power to meet the use requirements of engineering construction.

[0031] The air gun control part includes a main controller, a box, a power protector, a navigation device, a radio station and other electronic equipment; its main function is to achieve the docking of the instrument with the seismic source, the source system is excited according to the designed point position, and the signal transmission is synchronized with the instrument.

[0032] The navigation position signal 24 refers to the GPS position signal and can also be understood as the position signal of the seismic source releasing energy; the wireless signal 21 refers to the auxiliary control 19, which receives the excitation signal sent by the instrument recorder 20 and transmits it to the main control 18 through the radio wireless transmission 21 to complete the reciprocating transmission function of the signal;

[0033] The instrument recorder 20 is connected to the air gun controller (sub-controller) 19 to complete the transmission process of the excitation signal. The sub-controller is wirelessly connected to the air gun controller (main control) 18 to realize the transmission of the long-distance blasting signal and the connection function of the initial signal. The depth sensor 25 collects the water depth data of different blasting points and sets the blasting point position according to the construction design. The navigation transmits the blasting signal 23 to the control box 22 according to the specified position pile number range based on the navigation position signal 24 (blasting point pile number).

[0034] The depth sensor 25 collects water depth data from different shot points to prepare for future seismic data processing. Because the propagation speed of seismic waves in various media such as water and rock is different, it is necessary to collect original data to ensure the quality of later data.

[0035] The auxiliary part 8 includes ship-borne fire-fighting equipment, life-saving equipment, cables, anchors, lighting equipment, depth sounders, shock-absorbing devices and other ancillary equipment; its main function is to meet the navigation requirements of the ship, to have production capacity 24 hours a day during construction, and to ensure that the ship-borne equipment can withstand the impact force of vibration during construction.

[0036] When in use, it is transported by land to the construction site, the load-bearing part of the hull is connected and assembled on site, the power supply device drives the high-pressure air supply system to generate high-pressure gas of a specific pressure, and the operator controls the source system to release the high-pressure gas instantly at a specific time and sequence through the control part. The power drive part accurately drives into each designated excitation position according to the coordinates, and completes the excitation task of all the measured shot points in turn.

[0037] The hull is designed to be a catamaran, manufactured in sections, with two sets of 10m×2m×0.9m (length×width×height) hulls and a set of 10m×0.5m intermediate connecting platforms. The total length of the ship is 10 meters, the width of the ship is 4.5 meters, and the weight is 9 tons. The hull design and manufacturing hull width is 2 meters, the depth is 0.9 meters, the designed draft is 0.4 meters, and the designed speed is 5 knots. The design size of the hull is reasonably designed based on the mass of the equipment carried, the overall dimensions, and the energy generated by the seismic source during operation. According to different use areas, in principle, its overall dimensions should be as small as possible to facilitate transportation and on-site assembly, while saving costs during use, but it must also meet all use conditions and safety application requirements;

[0038] The air gun bracket, beam and hanging system were designed and manufactured; the hull load-bearing part was manufactured in parts to meet the requirements of long-distance transportation; the air compressor, generator, high-pressure gas cylinder, high-pressure pipeline and other components were selected, arranged and installed according to the deck size to meet production requirements. The water operation tasks of the two projects in the eastern and western exploration areas were completed, and good data collection and economic benefits were obtained.

[0039] In one embodiment, when a detachable small air gun seismic source system of the present invention is in operation, the generator set 01 is running, the machine base is installed with a shock-absorbing device to prevent damage to the equipment caused by vibration, and a stable current is transmitted and distributed through the power controller 02. First, a 220-volt voltage is used to control the electric lifting mechanism 12; the column bears all the mass of the hoisting suspension device, the boom 13 and the crossbeam 14 are connected by a combination of steel wire ropes, electric lifting motors, lifting ears, lifting chains, lifting rings, etc., and a safety chain is set to prevent damage to the lifting equipment. During work, the gun sinking depth is controlled according to the experimental data to vary from 2 to 3 meters. The air gun is fixedly connected using the air gun bracket 15 according to different values ​​to complete the gun sinking and recovery operations; the air compressor 03 provides high-pressure gas driven by the generator and is delivered to the high-pressure gas cylinder 04. The gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder passes through the separator (water and air) 07 and enters the manifold box 08 for distribution according to the number of air guns. At the same time, the pressure limiting valve 05 and the air storage cylinder are connected in parallel, and the pressure value is adjusted as needed. The automatic starting device 06 controls whether the air compressor works according to the pressure level. The manifold box is equipped with a safety valve 09 and a high-pressure instrument 10. The high-pressure gas enters the air chamber of each airgun through the high-pressure pipeline 11 to complete the transmission of the high-pressure gas; the instrument recorder 20 is connected to the airgun controller (sub-control) 19 to complete the transmission process of the excitation signal. The sub-controller and the airgun controller (main control) 18 are wirelessly connected to realize the transmission of the long-distance blasting signal and the docking function of the initial signal. The depth sensor 25 collects the water depth data of different blasting points and sets the blasting point position according to the construction design. The navigation is based on the (blasting point pile number) 24. The blasting signal 23 is transmitted to the control box 22 according to the designated position pile number range. The signal is distributed to each airgun solenoid valve through the controller box 22. The electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. The valve shuttle in the gun body moves at high speed and loses balance, and moves upward at high speed. When the valve shuttle slides over the exhaust hole, the high-pressure gas in the lower air chamber is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles. The bubbles will produce expansion and contraction vibrations (bubble effect) under the action of hydrostatic pressure, forming pressure waves that propagate outward.

Claims

1. A detachable small air gun source system, It is characterized in that The detachable small air gun seismic source system comprises a high-pressure air supply system, an electric power supply device, a hoisting suspension system, a seismic source system, an air gun control part and a hull bearing part, wherein the electric power supply device is connected to the high-pressure air supply system and the hoisting suspension system to provide electric power support for them, the high-pressure air supply system is connected to the seismic source system to provide high-pressure gas for the seismic source system, the hoisting suspension system is connected to the seismic source system to sink the seismic source system to a designed depth, the seismic source system is connected to the air gun control part, and under the control of the air gun control part, the high-pressure gas is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles to complete expansion and contraction vibration, and the high-pressure air supply system, the electric power supply device, the hoisting suspension system, the seismic source system and the air gun control part are all located on the hull bearing part; The high-pressure air supply system includes an air compressor, an air storage cylinder, a separator and a manifold box. The air compressor is connected to the power supply device and provides high-pressure air under the drive of the power supply device. The air storage cylinder is connected to the air compressor to store high-pressure air. The separator is connected to the air storage cylinder. The high-pressure air in the air storage cylinder is separated into water and high-pressure gas through the separator. The manifold box is connected to the separator. The high-pressure gas output by the separator is transmitted to the seismic source system through the manifold box. The hoisting suspension system comprises a column, a boom, a crossbeam, an air gun bracket and an electric lifting mechanism. The column is fixed on the ship deck and bears all the weight and impact force generated by the vibration of the hoisting suspension system; one end of the boom is connected to the column, and the other end is hung with the electric lifting mechanism; the crossbeam is hung at the lower end of the electric lifting mechanism to be lifted and lowered as needed; the air gun bracket is hung at the lower end of the crossbeam, and multiple air guns in the source system are hung below it, and the upper end is connected to the crossbeam so that the multiple air guns can be lifted and lowered following the crossbeam; The seismic source system includes a plurality of air guns, which are respectively connected to the air gun control part and the high-pressure air supply system. Under the control of the air gun control part, the high-pressure gas transmitted by the high-pressure air supply system is rapidly sprayed into the water to form high-pressure bubbles, thereby completing the expansion and contraction vibration. The airgun control part includes an instrument recorder, an airgun sub-controller, an airgun main controller, a controller box and a depth sensor. The instrument recorder is connected to the airgun sub-controller, and transmits the blasting start signal stored in it to the airgun sub-controller. The airgun sub-controller transmits the blasting start signal to the airgun main controller through wireless data transmission. The depth sensor is connected to the airgun main controller, collects water depth data of different blasting points, and transmits the water depth data to the airgun main controller. The airgun main controller is connected to the controller box, and according to the navigation position signal, the blasting start signal is transmitted to the controller box according to the designated position pile number range. The controller box is connected to multiple airguns in the source system, and controls the start of the multiple airguns according to the blasting start signal. The load-bearing part of the hull adopts the shape of a catamaran and is manufactured in sections, with two sets of hulls and a set of intermediate connecting platforms.

2. A detachable small air gun source system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The high-pressure air supply system also includes a pressure-limiting valve, a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic starting device. The safety valve and the pressure gauge are connected to the manifold box to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. The automatic starting device is connected to the pressure-limiting valve and the air compressor. The pressure-limiting valve is connected in parallel to the air storage cylinder. The automatic starting device controls whether the air compressor is working according to the pressure level, and controls the pressure-limiting valve to adjust the pressure value as needed.

3. A detachable small air gun source system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The power supply device includes a generator set and a power controller. The generator set is connected to the power controller, and the power controller is connected to the high-pressure air supply system and the hoisting suspension system. The power provided by the generator set is converted into voltage and then provided to the high-pressure air supply system and the hoisting suspension system.

4. A detachable small air gun source system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that It also includes a power drive part, which includes two outboard motors to provide power support for the detachable small air gun seismic source system.

5. A detachable small air gun seismic source system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that It also includes auxiliary parts, which include shipboard fire-fighting equipment, life-saving equipment, cables, anchors, lighting equipment, depth sounders, and shock-absorbing devices.

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