Cookware and cooking equipment

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of cooking utensils, and particularly to a cookware and a cooking device. The cookware includes: a substrate; a plurality of non-stick layers formed on the surface of the substrate; the plurality of non-stick layers all include high-entropy alloys; the porosity of at least two of the plurality of non-stick layers is different and is not greater than 5%. The non-stick layer of the cookware provided in this application has a good persistent non-stick service life, good persistent non-stick property, can improve the durability of the cookware, and extends the service life of the cookware.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cooking utensils, and in particular, to a cooking pot and a cooking device. Background Art

[0002] Non-stick cooking utensils have the advantages of not sticking to the pan, producing less oil fume, and being easy to clean when heating or frying / stir-frying food. With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for these non-stick cooking utensils are getting higher and higher. Therefore, improving the service performance of non-stick materials has always been the direction of research by scientific researchers.

[0003] Currently, the non-stick materials used in cooking utensils mainly include fluorine-containing coatings, ceramic coatings, and silicone resins. The three mainly form a non-stick layer on the inner surface of the pan body in a spraying form. Among them, fluorine-containing coatings include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PFOA (ammonium perfluorooctanoate), PFA (copolymer of perfluoropropyl perfluorovinyl ether and polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (perfluoroethylene-propylene copolymer), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), etc. The non-stick principle mainly utilizes the extremely low surface free energy of fluorine-containing polymers. Ceramic coatings are mainly coatings with silicon-oxygen bonds and inorganic silicon as the main components, and they achieve a non-stick effect by forming a nanostructure on the surface of the pan body. Silicone resins mainly achieve a non-stick effect by utilizing their low surface energy. Although the existing several non-stick materials have a non-stick effect, they also have some disadvantages. For example, fluorine-containing coatings are not wear-resistant, have poor scratch resistance, may produce harmful substances when decomposed at high temperatures, and the non-stick property will decrease after wear. The non-stick effect of ceramic coatings is worse than that of fluorine-containing coatings, and the long-term non-stick property is not good. Generally, the coating is likely to fall off after 3 - 6 months of use. The non-stick effect of silicone resins is worse than that of fluorine-containing coatings. After contacting high temperatures or an open flame, the color is prone to turn yellow or gray, and the hardness decreases at high temperatures, and it is easy to produce a "re-sticking" phenomenon. Thus, it can be seen that the existing non-stick materials generally have the problem of poor long-term non-stick property and short service life, and it is necessary to further improve them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cooking pot and a cooking appliance. The non-stick layer of the cooking pot has a good long-term non-stick service life, good long-term non-stick property, and can overcome or at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present application is as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, the present application provides a cooking pot, including:

[0007] A substrate;

[0008] A multi-layer non-stick layer formed on the surface of the substrate;

[0009] Each of the multiple non-stick layers includes a high-entropy alloy;

[0010] The porosity of at least two of the multiple non-stick layers is different and not greater than 5%.

[0011] Each of the multiple non-stick layers in the above-mentioned cookware includes a high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy enables the cookware to have non-stick performance. The microstructure of the high-entropy alloy is composed of atoms of multiple different elements. The atomic radii of these different elements are different. That is, due to the difference in atomic radii of different elements, the lattice distortion effect is caused, increasing the disorder of the microstructure of the material, making the disorder degree of the alloy microstructure higher, generating an amorphous tendency or structure. This amorphous structure enables the high-entropy alloy to have a lower surface energy relative to ordinary materials. Therefore, it can produce a non-stick effect, meet the non-stick mechanism, and can extend the non-stick service life. Moreover, the number of non-stick layers is multiple, and the porosity of at least two of the multiple non-stick layers is different. The pores on the surface layer of the non-stick layer can absorb oil, playing a role in enhancing non-stick. By controlling the porosity of the non-stick layer in the present application, especially when the porosity of the non-stick layer is preferably ≤ 5%, the oil absorption performance of the cookware can be improved, and the non-stick effect can be further strengthened. Thus, the cookware can have a non-stick effect for a long time, effectively improving the durability of the cookware and extending the service life of the cookware.

[0012] In a possible design, the non-stick layer at least includes a first coating and a second coating. The first coating is disposed on the surface of the substrate, and the second coating is disposed on the first coating;

[0013] The porosity of the first coating is less than the porosity of the second coating.

[0014] By contacting the substrate with the first coating having a smaller porosity, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be enhanced, reducing the possibility of coating peeling. By contacting the outer surface of the food with the second coating having a larger porosity, the oil absorption effect can be increased, improving the long-lasting non-stick property.

[0015] In a possible design, the porosity of the first coating is 0.05% - 0.5%;

[0016] And / or, the porosity of the second coating is 0.5% - 5%;

[0017] And / or, the second coating has a gradient porosity, and the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 0.5% at the position close to the first coating to 5% on the outer surface of the second coating.

[0018] The porosity of the first coating ranges from 0.05% to 0.5%. The coating has a uniform microstructure, low porosity, and is mainly nanostructured. This can result in better bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, stronger adhesion of the coating, and a longer service life. The porosity of the second coating ranges from 0.5% to 5%. This enables the pores of the second coating to have a good effect of adsorbing grease, enhancing the oil absorption characteristics of the coating and improving the non-stick life. Further, the second coating has a structure with a gradually changing porosity. While satisfying the enhanced oil absorption characteristics of the coating, it can also make the internal structure of the coating denser and the coating stronger.

[0019] In a possible design, the high-entropy alloy in the first coating and the high-entropy alloy in the second coating each independently include at least two of first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles, and the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles satisfy the following relationship:

[0020] The particle size d1 of the first-scale particles ≤ the particle size d2 of the second-scale particles ≤ the particle size d3 of the third-scale particles;

[0021] At least one of the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles, the mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles, and the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is different in the first coating and in the second coating.

[0022] In a possible design, the d1 is 50 nm to 500 nm, the d2 is 500 nm to 1 μm, and the d3 is 1 μm to 50 μm;

[0023] And / or, in the first coating, the w1 is 40% to 60%, the w2 is 40% to 60%, the w3 is 0, or the sum of w2 and w3 is 40% to 60%;

[0024] And / or, in the second coating, the w3 is 30% to 50%, the w2 is 20% to 40%, and the balance is w1.

[0025] Using the particle sizes of the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles within the above ranges helps to reduce costs and ensure the surface or usage state of the coating. On the one hand, if the high-entropy alloy uses nano-powders with a particle size below 50 nm, powders of this size are difficult to prepare. Due to the complex powder preparation process and unstable powder quality for such small particle sizes, the cost is high. On the other hand, if the high-entropy alloy uses micro-powders with a particle size above 50 μm, the surface roughness of the inner surface of the final cookware will be relatively large, affecting the overall non-stick effect.

[0026] In the process of preparing the first coating, a high-entropy alloy composed of powders of multiple scales is used for preparation. In particular, when the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles in the first coating are within the above-mentioned proportional content ranges, the bonding strength between the first coating and the substrate can be ensured, and the porosity can be reduced. The first coating is mainly of a nano-structure, which can control the porosity range of the first coating between 0.05% and 0.5%, and enable the coating and the substrate to have better bonding strength. In the process of preparing the second coating, in order to keep a certain porosity on the surface layer of the second coating to play an auxiliary oil absorption role, a high-entropy alloy composed of nano-powders, sub-micron powders, and micron powders can be used for preparation. In particular, when the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles in the first coating are within the above-mentioned proportional content ranges, and the content of the third-scale particles and the second-scale particles in the second coating is relatively high, the ratio of the third-scale particles and the second-scale particles plays a role in adjusting the porosity of the coating, and the porosity range of the second coating can be controlled between 0.5% and 5%, which can strengthen the oil absorption characteristics of the coating and enhance the non-stick effect.

[0027] In a possible design, the thickness of the first coating accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total thickness of the multiple non-stick layers.

[0028] If the first coating is too thin, the effect of enhancing the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is not ideal; if the thickness of the first coating is too thick, more nano-scale powders are required, increasing the cost, which may affect the oil absorption effect.

[0029] In a possible design, the high-entropy alloy satisfies at least one of the following (a) to (c):

[0030] (a) The constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy include at least four of Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Si, and B;

[0031] (b) In the high-entropy alloy, the atomic fraction of each constituent element is independently 5% to 35%;

[0032] (c) The high-entropy alloy includes at least one of the AlCrFeCoNi system, AlCrFeTiNi system, AlCrFeCoNiCu system, FeNiAlCr system, FeCrAlCuNi system, FeCrNiMnAl system, and FeCrCuTiV system.

[0033] Using a high-entropy alloy containing the above four or more elements is more conducive to exerting the non-stick performance of the high-entropy alloy. In addition, the addition of Si and B elements can prepare high-entropy alloy ceramics, which have good wear resistance and high hardness in addition to good non-stick performance.

[0034] In a possible design, the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy include at least one of Ti, Cr, Mo, B, and Al;

[0035] and / or, the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy further include at least one of Fe, Cu, and V;

[0036] and / or, the high-entropy alloy includes at least two different systems of high-entropy alloys;

[0037] and / or, the high-entropy alloy includes FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 , Fe 25 Mn 35 Cr 10 Cu 10 Ti 10 , Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 , Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 and at least one of the above.

[0038] Using a high-entropy alloy containing at least several of Ti, Cr, Mo, B, and Al, and optionally several of Fe, Cu, and V, it has good wear resistance while having non-stick performance.

[0039] In a possible design, the cookware satisfies at least one of the following (d) to (f):

[0040] (d) The total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 100 μm to 500 μm;

[0041] (e) The non-stick layer is a thermal spray coating or a cold spray coating;

[0042] (f) The method of forming the thermal spray coating includes at least one of plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, oxyacetylene flame spraying, arc spraying, or explosion spraying.

[0043] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a cooking device including the cookware as described above.

[0044] The cooking device provided by the present application includes this cookware and has all the characteristics and advantages of the cookware described above, which will not be elaborated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the cookware provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 Lattice schematic diagram of the high-entropy alloy provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 3 Partial structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of the non-stick layer provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 Partial structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first coating and the second coating provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Reference numerals:

[0050] 1 - Cookware;

[0051] 10 - Substrate;

[0052] 20 - Non-stick layer;

[0053] 201 - First coating;

[0054] 202 - Second coating;

[0055] 211 - First-scale particles;

[0056] 212 - Second-scale particles;

[0057] 213 - Third-scale particles.

[0058] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the technical solutions provided in the present application and the given embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application. For those conditions not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0060] The endpoints and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the exact ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, between the endpoint values of each range, between the endpoint values of each range or individual point values, and between individual point values, they can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges.

[0061] It should be noted that the terms "and / or" or " / " used in this text are merely used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In this text, a list of items connected by terms such as "at least one of", "at least one in", "at least one kind in" or other similar terms can mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, then the phrase "at least one of A and B" means only A; only B; or A and B.

[0062] In this text, unless otherwise stated, orientation terms such as "upper" and "lower" usually refer to the upper and lower as shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" can be understood as the inner and outer relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0063] In view of the more or less defects existing in existing non-stick materials, such as poor long-term non-stick performance and other problems. Therefore, to overcome the imperfections of the existing technology and further meet the needs of the existing market, the embodiments of the present application provide a cooking utensil and a cooking device including the cooking utensil, so as to significantly improve the use performance of the non-stick layer, extend the non-stick service life, and make it have good long-term non-stick performance.

[0064] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, a cooking device is provided, which includes the cooking utensil described below.

[0065] The cooking device can be various common cooking devices. Exemplarily, the cooking device can be a non-stick pan, a wok, a frying pan, a flat pan, a rice cooker, a pressure cooker, an electric pressure cooker, a griddle, an air fryer, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific type of the cooking device.

[0066] The cooking device includes a cooking utensil, and can also include a lid, an outer casing, a control circuit, etc. For example, the cooking utensil can be the pot body of a non-stick pan, the pot body of a frying pan, the pot body of a flat pan, the inner liner of a pressure cooker, the inner liner of an electric pressure cooker, the inner liner of a rice cooker, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit other components included in the cooking device, such as the lid, the outer casing, etc., and they can be various structural types well-known in the art.

[0067] The embodiments of the present application improve the structure or type of the non-stick layer of the cooking utensil of the cooking device, so that the non-stick layer has better non-stick performance, and has the characteristics of wear resistance and good oil absorption. It can endow the cooking utensil with long-term non-stick performance and a long service life, can alleviate the defect of poor long-term non-stick performance commonly existing in existing non-stick materials, and helps to improve the experience of consumers.

[0068] To achieve the effect of long-lasting non-stickiness of the cookware, the cookware will be elaborated in detail below.

[0069] Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a cookware 1, including:

[0070] A substrate 10;

[0071] A multi-layer non-stick layer 20 formed on the surface of the substrate 10;

[0072] The multi-layer non-stick layer 20 all includes high-entropy alloy;

[0073] The porosity of at least two non-stick layers 20 in the multi-layer non-stick layer 20 is different and not greater than 5%.

[0074] A major feature of the cookware 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application is that the non-stick layer 20 contains high-entropy alloy and the number of layers of the non-stick layer 20 is multi-layer. The porosity of at least two of the multi-layer non-stick layers 20 is different, and the porosity of the non-stick layer 20 is within 5% (i.e., ≤5%).

[0075] In the above-mentioned cookware, the non-stick layer can be understood as a non-stick layer made of high-entropy alloy as the main material. The porosity of the non-stick layer is ≤5%, that is, the porosity of the non-stick layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5%. Typically but not restrictively, the porosity can be, for example, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values.

[0076] As understood by those skilled in the art, the porosity of a material refers to the percentage of the volume of pores in the material to the total volume of the material. In the present application, the porosity of the non-stick layer refers to the ratio of the volume of all pores in the non-stick layer to the total volume of the non-stick layer, and can be expressed as volume %. By controlling the porosity of the non-stick layer, especially when the porosity of the non-stick layer is preferably ≤5%, the oil absorption performance of the cookware can be improved, and the non-stick effect can be further enhanced.

[0077] When the porosity of the non-stick layer is greater than 5%, the strength of the film layer will be reduced, affecting the bonding between the film layer and the substrate, and also affecting the oil absorption effect and non-stickiness of the film layer. In addition, when the porosity is large, when the non-stickiness requirement is certain, the thicker the film layer with a larger porosity, the higher the cost and the heavier it is.

[0078] Furthermore, on the one hand, the multi-layer non-stick layers in the above-mentioned cookware all include high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy can endow the cookware with non-stick performance. As Figure 2As shown, a high-entropy alloy is a multi-principal element alloy that includes at least four or more different metallic elements, and the atomic ratios of the elements are close to 1:1, so it is also called a multi-principal element alloy. The microstructure of the high-entropy alloy is composed of atoms of various different elements. The atomic radii of these different elements are different. That is, due to the difference in atomic radii of different elements, a lattice distortion effect is caused, increasing the disorder of the microstructure of the material, making the degree of disorder of the alloy microstructure higher, resulting in an amorphous tendency or structure. This amorphous structure enables the high-entropy alloy to have a lower surface energy relative to ordinary materials, so it can produce a non-stick effect and meet the non-stick mechanism. In addition, in addition to the characteristics of the lattice distortion effect in terms of structure, the high-entropy alloy also has the characteristics of high-entropy effect in thermodynamics, sluggish diffusion effect in kinetics, and cocktail effect in performance. While having non-stick performance, it also has the effects of wear resistance, high hardness, and high-temperature stability, thereby extending the non-stick service life.

[0079] On the other hand, the number of non-stick layers is multiple, and at least two of the multiple non-stick layers have different porosities, that is, the cookware has a non-stick layer with a gradually changing porosity. The pores on the surface layer of the non-stick layer can absorb oil, playing a role in enhancing non-stick performance. In this way, not only does the non-stick layer have characteristics such as low surface energy, high hardness, and high-temperature stability, but also the gradually changing porosity makes its surface layer have the property of oil absorption, further strengthening the non-stick effect and having excellent long-lasting non-stick performance.

[0080] Based on this, the multi-layer non-stick layer set in the cookware of this application uses a high-entropy alloy as the non-stick material and has the characteristic of gradually changing porosity. The porosity of the non-stick layer is within 5%, which can enable the cookware to have good non-stick performance. Moreover, the non-stick layer has good wear resistance and high hardness, slowing down the wear and scratches caused by long-term use. It also has good oil absorption characteristics, strengthening the non-stick effect and having good long-lasting non-stick performance. Thus, the cookware can have a non-stick effect for a long time, effectively improving the durability of the cookware and extending the service life of the cookware.

[0081] The high-entropy alloy is applied to non-stick utensils to achieve a long-lasting non-stick effect. In order to give full play to the role of the high-entropy alloy, for the high-entropy alloy with non-stick properties, the range of element selection needs to be within a suitable range. Specifically, in some embodiments, the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy include any four or more of Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), Sc (scandium), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese), Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Sn (tin), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), W (tungsten), Pb, Si (silicon), and B (boron). That is to say, the high-entropy alloy can be a high-entropy alloy of a quaternary system, a quinary system, a hexary system, or a more multi-component system. Exemplarily, the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy can include Mg, Al, Sc, and Ti; can include Mg, Al, Ti, V, and Cr; can include Mg, Al, Fe, Co, and Ni; can include Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe; can include Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu; can include Fe, Co, Ni, W, Sn, and Si; can include Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, and B, etc. The constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy can be arbitrarily selected from the above-listed elements in any four or more, and will not be listed one by one here.

[0082] Using a high-entropy alloy containing the above four or more elements is more conducive to giving full play to the non-stick properties of the high-entropy alloy. In addition, the addition of Si and B elements can prepare high-entropy alloy ceramics, which have good wear resistance and high hardness in addition to good non-stick properties.

[0083] In order to ensure the multi-principal element characteristics of the high-entropy alloy material in the non-stick layer, the atomic fractions (i.e., atomic percentages, expressed in % or at.%) of the constituent elements in the high-entropy alloy need to be within a suitable range. Specifically, in some embodiments, in the high-entropy alloy, the atomic fraction of each constituent element is independently 5% to 35%. Exemplarily, the high-entropy alloy is of the AlCrFeCoNi system, and its composition is: Al: 5 to 35 at.%, Cr: 5 to 35 at.%, Fe: 5 to 35 at.%, Co: 5 to 35 at.%, Ni: 5 to 35 at.%. It should be understood that the atomic fractions of the constituent elements of high-entropy alloys of other systems are also within the range of 5% to 35%, and will not be listed one by one here.

[0084] In some embodiments, the high-entropy alloy may be of the AlCrFeCoNi system, may be of the AlCrFeTiNi system, may be of the AlCrFeCoNiCu system, may be of the FeNiAlCr system, may be of the FeCrAlCuNi system, may be of the FeCrNiMnAl system, may be of the FeCrCuTiV system. Typically but not restrictively, the high-entropy alloy may be FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 、Fe 25 Mn 35 Cr 10 Cu 10 Ti 10 、Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 、Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 and so on. In addition, in other embodiments, the high-entropy alloy may also be a high-entropy alloy containing at least the above four composition elements and having different component ratios.

[0085] In addition to having good non-stick performance, the non-stick layer in the cookware of the embodiments of the present application also needs to have good wear resistance, exhibit relatively high hardness, and be able to delay wear. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the "cocktail effect" of the high-entropy alloy, in some embodiments, the preferred composition elements it contains include at least one of Ti, Cr, Mo, B, and Al; further, the optional composition elements it contains include at least one of Fe, Cu, and V. Thus, by using a high-entropy alloy containing at least several of Ti, Cr, Mo, B, and Al, and optionally several of Fe, Cu, and V, it has good wear resistance while having non-stick performance.

[0086] In some embodiments, the high-entropy alloy contained in the above non-stick layer may be a high-entropy alloy of the same system.

[0087] In other embodiments, according to the characteristic of the low surface energy of the high mixing entropy disordered system, the non-stick layer may also contain a high mixing entropy composed of at least two different systems of high-entropy alloys. That is, the high-entropy alloy includes at least two different systems of high-entropy alloys. For example, it may include two, three, four or more systems of high-entropy alloys. By mixing high-entropy alloys with different characteristics to prepare the non-stick layer, a non-stick layer with high strength and corrosion resistance can be obtained. Exemplarily, the high-entropy alloy FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2Mixing powders of FeCrCuTiV and AlCrFeMnNi can prepare a non-stick layer with both high strength and corrosion resistance. Further, in order to obtain non-stick layers with different porosities, high-entropy alloy powders of different systems and different particle sizes can be mixed and used. For example, FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 nanopowders of the powder, submicron powders of FeCrCuTiV powder, and micron powders of AlCrFeMnNi powder are mixed to prepare a non-stick layer with different porosities.

[0088] According to the embodiments of the present application, high-entropy alloy powders of different scales are sprayed onto the inner surface of the substrate through technologies such as thermal spraying or cold spraying to obtain at least two non-stick layers. Due to the lattice distortion effect caused by the difference in atomic radii of different elements in the high-entropy alloy, the degree of disorder in the microstructure of the alloy is higher, resulting in a tendency towards amorphization. Therefore, compared with ordinary materials, it has a lower surface energy and produces a non-stick effect. By adjusting the proportion of high-entropy alloy powders of different scales, the porosity of the coating can be adjusted, thereby achieving the effect of enhancing the oil absorption characteristics of the coating.

[0089] Specifically, in some embodiments, as Figure 1 、 Figure 4 shown, the non-stick layer 20 at least includes a first coating 201 and a second coating 202. The first coating 201 is disposed on the surface of the substrate 10, and the second coating 202 is disposed on the first coating 201; the porosity of the first coating 201 is less than the porosity of the second coating 202.

[0090] The number of layers of the non-stick layer 20 is multiple. In some embodiments, it may include a first coating 201 formed on the surface of the substrate 10 and a second coating 202 formed on the surface of the first coating 201; in addition, in other embodiments, it may further include a third coating formed on the surface of the second coating 202 and a fourth coating formed on the surface of the third coating, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific number of layers of the non-stick layer, which can be selected and set by those skilled in the art according to specific actual situations. The following embodiments mainly take the non-stick layer including a first coating and a second coating as an example for detailed description. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the number of layers of the non-stick layer in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to this.

[0091] In the non-stick layer, the first coating 201 is formed on the inner surface of the substrate 10, and the second coating 202 is located on the side of the first coating 201 away from the substrate 10, so the porosity of the first coating 201 needs to be smaller than the porosity of the second coating 202. By the first coating 201 with a smaller porosity being in contact with the substrate 10, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate 10 can be enhanced, and the possibility of the coating falling off can be reduced. By the outer surface of the second coating 202 with a larger porosity being in contact with food, the oil absorption effect can be increased, and the lasting non-stickiness can be improved. Therefore, the non-stick layer with a gradual porosity can make the internal structure of the coating more compact, the coating strength is high, the oil absorption effect is good, and the non-stick effect is enhanced.

[0092] In some embodiments, the porosity of the first coating is 0.05% to 0.5%, further 0.1% to 0.5%, further 0.2% to 0.3%, and the typical but non-limiting porosity of the first coating can be, for example, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, etc. Compared with the second coating, the porosity of the first coating is smaller, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be ensured, especially the porosity of the first coating is in the range of 0.05% to 0.5%, the coating structure is uniform, the porosity is low, and the first coating is mainly a nanostructure, which can make the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate better, the adhesion of the coating is stronger, and the long-lasting non-stick life can be improved.

[0093] The first coating layer may have a single porosity; and the second coating layer may have a single porosity or a gradually varying porosity.

[0094] Specifically, in some embodiments, the porosity of the second coating is 0.5% to 5%, that is, the second coating has a single porosity or a fixed porosity. The porosity of the second coating can further be 0.8% to 0.45%, and can further be 0.1% to 0.4%. Typical but non-limiting porosities of the second coating can be, for example, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, etc. Compared with the first coating, the porosity of the second coating is larger, especially when the porosity of the second coating is in the range of 0.5% to 5%, the pores of the second coating can have a good grease absorption effect, strengthen the oil absorption characteristics of the coating, and improve the long-lasting non-stick life.

[0095] In some other embodiments, the second coating has a gradient porosity, and the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 0.5% at a position close to the first coating to 5% on the outer surface of the second coating. That is, the porosity of the second coating gradually increases in the range of 0.5% to 5% along the direction from close to the first coating to far from the first coating (from inside to outside). Exemplarily, for example, the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 3% on the outer surface to 0.5% at the 1 / 2 thickness position. The second coating adopts a structure with a gradient porosity, which can not only meet the oil absorption characteristics of the strengthening coating, but also make the internal structure of the coating denser and the coating strength higher.

[0096] In order to make at least two of the multi-layer non-stick layers have different porosities, high-entropy alloys with different scales can be used in different non-stick layers, and different porosities can be produced by adjusting the proportion of high-entropy alloys with different scales. For example, in order to make the porosities of the first coating and the second coating within the above suitable range, the first coating and the second coating can respectively contain high-entropy alloys with different scale particles or different ratios.

[0097] Specifically, in some embodiments, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown, the high-entropy alloy in the first coating 201 includes at least two of the first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213; for example, the high-entropy alloy in the first coating 201 includes the first-scale particles 211 and the second-scale particles 212, or the high-entropy alloy in the first coating 201 includes the first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213.

[0098] The high-entropy alloy in the second coating 202 includes at least two of the first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213; for example, the high-entropy alloy in the second coating 202 includes the second-scale particles 212 and the third-scale particles 213, or the high-entropy alloy in the second coating 202 includes the first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213.

[0099] The first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213 satisfy the following relational expression:

[0100] The particle size d1 of the first-scale particles ≤ the particle size d2 of the second-scale particles ≤ the particle size d3 of the third-scale particles.

[0101] The first-scale particles 211 can be nano-scale particles, the second-scale particles 212 can be sub-micron-scale particles, and the third-scale particles 213 can be micron-scale particles. The particle sizes of the first-scale particles 211, the second-scale particles 212, and the third-scale particles 213 show a gradually increasing trend.

[0102] Specifically, in some embodiments, the particle size d1 of the first-scale particles can be 50 nm to 500 nm. Typically but not restrictively, d1 can be, for example, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The particle size d2 of the second-scale particles can be 500 nm to 1 μm; typically but not restrictively, d2 can be, for example, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, 1 μm, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The particle size d3 of the third-scale particles can be 1 μm to 50 μm; typically but not restrictively, d3 can be, for example, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. Using the particle sizes of the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles within the above ranges helps to reduce costs and ensure the surface or usage state of the coating. On the one hand, if the high-entropy alloy uses nano-powders with a particle size below 50 nm, it is difficult to prepare powders of this size. Due to the small particle size, the powder preparation process is complex, the powder quality is unstable, and the cost is high. On the other hand, if the high-entropy alloy uses micro-powders with a particle size above 50 μm, the inner surface roughness of the finally obtained cookware will be relatively large, affecting the overall non-stick effect and ultimately the consumer experience.

[0103] In some embodiments, at least one of the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles, the mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles, and the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is different in the first coating and in the second coating. For example, the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles is larger in the first coating and smaller in the second coating, which helps the first coating to obtain a smaller porosity. Another example is that the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is larger in the second coating and smaller in the first coating, which helps the second coating to obtain a larger porosity.

[0104] Specifically, in some embodiments, in the first coating, the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles is 40% to 60%, for example, it can be 40%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 55%, 58%, 60%, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles is 40% to 60%, for example, it can be 40%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 55%, 58%, 60%, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is 0, that is, the first coating only contains the first-scale particles and the second-scale particles and does not contain the third-scale particles. Or, in some other embodiments, in the first coating, the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles is 40% to 60%, and the sum (w2 + w3) of the mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles and the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is 40% to 60%, that is, the first coating contains the first-scale particles, the second-scale particles, and the third-scale particles, and the mass ratio of the second-scale particles to the third-scale particles can be about 1:1.

[0105] During the preparation of the first coating, a high-entropy alloy composed of powders of multiple scales is used for preparation. Especially when the first-scale particles, second-scale particles, and third-scale particles in the first coating are within the above proportional content ranges, the bonding strength between the first coating and the substrate can be ensured, and the porosity can be reduced. The first coating is mainly a nano-structured organization, which can control the porosity range of the first coating between 0.05% and 0.5%, and enable the coating to have a better bonding strength with the substrate.

[0106] In some embodiments, in the second coating, the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is 30% to 50%, for example, it can be 30%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles is 20% to 40%, for example, it can be 20%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 35%, 38%, 40%, and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values. The balance is the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles, that is, w1 can be 10% to 50%.

[0107] In the process of preparing the second coating, in order to keep a certain porosity on the surface layer of the second coating to play an auxiliary oil absorption role, a high-entropy alloy composed of nanopowder, submicron powder and micron powder can be used for preparation. In particular, when the first-scale particles, second-scale particles and third-scale particles in the first coating are within the above proportion content range, the content of the third-scale particles and second-scale particles in the second coating is relatively high, and the ratio of the third-scale particles and second-scale particles plays a role in adjusting the porosity of the coating, so that the porosity range of the second coating can be controlled between 0.5% and 5%, which can strengthen the oil absorption characteristics of the coating and enhance the non-stick effect.

[0108] As can be seen from the above, in the embodiments of the present application, the non-stick layer includes a high-entropy alloy. Due to the different atomic radii in the high-entropy alloy, serious lattice distortion occurs in the solid solution, increasing the disorder of the material microstructure and tending to form an amorphous structure, so that the material has a low surface energy and macroscopically shows a non-stick effect. Moreover, the melting degrees of the high-entropy alloy powders of different scales are different during the spraying process. The nano-scale particles are completely melted and filled in the gaps between the semi-melted micron and sub-micron particles. Therefore, different porosities can be produced by adjusting the proportion of the high-entropy alloy powders of different scales. The coating with an appropriate porosity has a certain oil absorption effect and can strengthen the non-stick performance. Spraying the high-entropy alloy powders of different particle sizes in different orders can obtain a non-stick layer with a gradually changing porosity, which can ensure the oil absorption of the surface layer pores while ensuring the dense structure of the bottom layer and enabling the coating to have a good combination with the substrate.

[0109] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the first coating accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer, such as 1 / 3, 2 / 5, 1 / 2, etc. The first coating has a nano-structured organization. If the thickness of the first coating is less than 1 / 3 of the total thickness of the non-stick layer, the first coating is too thin, and the effect of enhancing the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is not ideal; if the thickness of the first coating is greater than 1 / 2 of the total thickness of the non-stick layer, the first coating is too thick, requiring more nano-scale powders, increasing the cost, and may affect the porosity of the coating surface and the oil absorption effect.

[0110] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 100 μm to 500 μm, further it can be 150 μm to 400 μm, and further it can be 200 μm to 300 μm; typically but not restrictively, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer can be, for example, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm and any value within the range formed by any two of these point values.

[0111] Within the total thickness range of this multi-layer non-stick layer, it can not only ensure that the non-stick layer will not fall off or show the bottom due to wear during long-term use because it is too thin, and has a long-lasting non-stick life; but also ensure that the non-stick layer will not reduce the hardness and adhesion of the coating due to being too thick, avoid reducing the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, and the coating on the surface is prone to cracking and falling off.

[0112] In some embodiments, the non-stick layer is a thermal spray coating or a cold spray coating.

[0113] In some embodiments, the method of forming the thermal spray coating includes but is not limited to at least one of plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, oxyacetylene flame spraying, arc spraying, or explosion spraying.

[0114] By adopting the method of thermal spraying or cold spraying, high-entropy alloy powders with different scales are respectively sprayed on the inner surface of the substrate in sequence to form a multi-layer non-stick layer. When the non-stick layer is a thermal spray coating, the thermal spraying method can be thermal spraying methods such as plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, oxyacetylene flame spraying, arc spraying, explosion spraying, etc. In addition, in other embodiments, a similar thermal spraying method can also be used for spraying. Exemplarily, when the non-stick layer is a thermal spray coating, the plasma spraying method is preferably used, which has a wide application range and is easy to control the roughness.

[0115] In the above-mentioned cookware, the material of the substrate can have a variety of choices, enriching the diversity of the material selection of the substrate. For example, the non-stick layer can be attached to common substrate materials in the art such as metals or ceramics. Exemplarily, in some embodiments, the material of the substrate includes aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, iron, stainless steel, and their composite materials. Of course, the material of the substrate is not limited to this, but can also include copper, copper alloy, and even materials such as ceramics and graphite. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the material of the substrate, and can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0116] Optionally, the material of the substrate can be aluminum, aluminum alloy, and composite sheets composed of them and metals. Using a substrate of aluminum / aluminum alloy type helps to reduce the weight of the cookware and meets the requirements of fast heating and uniform heat transfer.

[0117] Optionally, the material of the substrate can be stainless steel or composite sheets composed of stainless steel and other metals. Using a substrate of stainless steel type meets the requirements of good appearance of the outer surface of the cookware or other needs, and has a lower cost.

[0118] Optionally, the material of the substrate can be titanium, titanium alloy, and composite sheets composed of them and other metals. Using a substrate of titanium / titanium alloy type helps to reduce the weight of the cookware, and has good corrosion resistance and is easy to clean.

[0119] The preparation method of the above-mentioned cookware can adopt the commonly used preparation methods in the art. For example, the formation methods of the non-stick layer include but are not limited to cold spraying and thermal spraying. On the premise of not affecting the service performance of the high-entropy alloy, other coating methods known in the art can also be adopted.

[0120] In some specific embodiments, the thermal spraying method is adopted to form a multi-layer non-stick layer on the inner surface of the substrate. Further, the plasma spraying method is preferably adopted to form a multi-layer non-stick layer on the inner surface of the substrate. This method has a wide range of applications and is easy to control the roughness or porosity.

[0121] Specifically, when the plasma spraying method is used to form a multi-layer non-stick layer on the surface of the substrate, the specific operating process parameters can be as follows:

[0122] The powder feeding speed can be 20 g / min to 40 g / min;

[0123] The spraying distance can be 140 mm to 160 mm;

[0124] The voltage can be 45 V to 50 V;

[0125] The current can be 400 A to 450 A;

[0126] The main gas flow rate is 40 L / min to 70 L / min; the main gas pressure is 0.5 MPa to 0.9 MPa; the main gas can be the main gas commonly used in the art, such as argon.

[0127] The plasma gas flow rate is 6 L / min to 10 L / min; the plasma gas pressure is 0.5 MPa to 0.9 MPa; the plasma gas can be the plasma gas commonly used in the art, such as hydrogen or helium, and hydrogen is preferably used.

[0128] When preparing the multi-layer non-stick layer, the method of multiple spraying can be adopted, and the thickness of each spraying is not less than 0.05 mm. For example, the thickness of each spraying can be 0.05 mm.

[0129] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples. In the following specific examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, the materials used can be obtained commercially.

[0130] Example 1

[0131] A cookware includes a substrate and a multi-layer non-stick layer formed on the surface of the substrate. The multi-layer non-stick layer all includes a high-entropy alloy, and the high-entropy alloy is FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 .

[0132] High-entropy alloy FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2It includes particles of the first scale, particles of the second scale, and particles of the third scale, where d1 ranges from 50 nm to 500 nm, d2 ranges from 500 nm to 1 μm, and d3 ranges from 1 μm to 50 μm.

[0133] The non-stick layer includes a first coating and a second coating. The first coating is disposed on the surface of the substrate, and the second coating is disposed on the first coating;

[0134] In the first coating, w1 is 55%, w2 is 45%, and w3 is 0; the porosity of the first coating is 0.1%;

[0135] In the second coating, w1 is 15%, w2 is 35%, and w3 is 50%; the porosity of the second coating is 4%.

[0136] The total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 300 μm; the thickness of the first coating is 100 μm.

[0137] Examples 2-9

[0138] The main difference between Examples 2-9 and Example 1 is that different porosities of the first coating and the second coating are obtained by adjusting the proportion of particles of each scale in the first coating and the second coating.

[0139] In Example 2, in the first coating, w1 is 40%, w2 is 60%, and w3 is 0, and the porosity of the first coating is 0.5%.

[0140] In Example 3, in the first coating, w1 is 80%, w2 and w3 are 20%, and the porosity of the first coating is 0.05%.

[0141] In Example 4, in the first coating, w1 is 50%, w2 and w3 are 50%, and the porosity of the first coating is 0.25%.

[0142] In Example 5, in the second coating, w1 is 10%, w2 is 40%, and w3 is 50%, and the porosity of the second coating is 5%.

[0143] In Example 6, in the second coating, w1 is 20%, w2 is 35%, and w3 is 45%, and the porosity of the second coating is 3%.

[0144] In Example 7, in the second coating, w1 is 30%, w2 is 40%, and w3 is 30%, and the porosity of the second coating is 0.8%.

[0145] In Example 8, in the second coating, the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 0.5% at the position close to the first coating to 3% on the outer surface of the second coating.

[0146] In Example 9, in the second coating, the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 1% at the position close to the first coating to 4% on the outer surface of the second coating.

[0147] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0148] Examples 10 - 13

[0149] The main differences between Examples 10 - 13 and Example 1 lie in the type of high - entropy alloy and the particle size distribution of the high - entropy alloy.

[0150] In Example 10, the high - entropy alloy is Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 ;

[0151] In Example 11, the high - entropy alloy is FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 and Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 ;

[0152] In Example 12, the high - entropy alloys are FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 , FeCrCuTiV and AlCrFeMnNi, and FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 has particles of the first scale, FeCrCuTiV has particles of the second scale, and AlCrFeMnNi has particles of the third scale;

[0153] In Example 13, the high - entropy alloys are Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 and Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 , and Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 has particles of the first scale, and Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 has particles of the second scale and the third scale.

[0154] The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0155] Examples 14 - 17

[0156] The main differences between Examples 14 - 17 and Example 1 lie in the thickness of the non - stick layer and the thickness of the first coating.

[0157] In Example 14, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 300 μm; the thickness of the first coating is 150 μm.

[0158] In Example 15, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 150 μm; the thickness of the first coating is 75 μm.

[0159] In Example 16, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 400 μm; the thickness of the first coating is 160 μm.

[0160] In Example 17, the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layer is 500 μm; the thickness of the first coating is 180 μm.

[0161] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0162] Comparative Example 1

[0163] In this comparative example, the difference from Example 1 is that the non-stick layer in this comparative example uses an existing fluorine-containing coating.

[0164] Comparative Example 2

[0165] In this comparative example, the difference from Example 1 is that the non-stick layer in this comparative example uses an existing ceramic coating.

[0166] Comparative Example 3

[0167] In this comparative example, the difference from Example 1 is that the porosity of each non-stick layer in this comparative example is the same and is 10%.

[0168] Performance Test

[0169] The non-stick properties of the non-stick layers in Examples 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-3 applied to cookware were respectively tested, and an accelerated simulation test method was used for testing to evaluate their non-stick life. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0170] The specific test method is as follows.

[0171] Referring to the accelerated simulation test procedure for non-stick frying pans, the non-stick life was evaluated. The test process is as follows:

[0172] A: Vibration wear resistance test → B: Dry burning of mixed sauces → C: Cooking salt water → D: Stir-frying quartz stones (with an iron spatula) → E: Frying eggs to evaluate the non-stick grade. Completing the above 5 test steps and one non-stick grade evaluation marks the end of one cycle.

[0173] Among them, A: Vibration wear resistance test, specifically including: The instrument used is a vibration wear resistance tester, and the method used is as follows: 1) Put 1 kg of quartz stones (particle size 9 - 12 mm) into the pot; 2) Place the pot on the heating furnace; 3) Set the vibration time of the instrument to 15 minutes, the heating temperature to 150 - 180 °C, and the rotation speed to 300 revolutions per minute; 4) Turn on the vibration button to make the quartz stones vibrate in the pot for 15 minutes; 5) After the test, pour out the quartz stones in the pot, clean the inner surface of the pot with dishwashing liquid, and dry it. 6) Quartz stone replacement cycle: 1 time / month.

[0174] B: Dry - burning mixed sauce, specifically including: The ingredients include soy sauce, vinegar, cooking wine, monosodium glutamate, salt, sugar, and cooking oil. The method used is as follows: 1) Prepare a mixed sauce according to the following weight ratio: soy sauce: vinegar: cooking wine: monosodium glutamate: salt: sugar: cooking oil = 4:3:2:1:1:2:2 (mass ratio). After completely dissolving and mixing evenly, a special mixed sauce is prepared; 2) Take 50 g of the mixed sauce and put it into the pot, and shake the pot until the sauce evenly covers the bottom of the pot; 3) Place the sample pot on the gas stove and dry - burn it to 250 °C - 270 °C, then keep it warm for 2 minutes and stop heating; 4) Rinse it with water, and then use dishwashing liquid and a rag to scrub the polluted area inside the pot clean.

[0175] C: Boiling brine, specifically including: The ingredients include 50 g of table salt and 950 g of water. The method used is as follows: 1) Weigh 50 g of table salt and 950 g of water, prepare 5% brine and pour it into the pot; 2) Start timing after boiling the water, keep it slightly boiling for 10 minutes, and add water according to the situation during this period to keep the concentration unchanged; 3) After boiling for the specified time, clean the pot with tap water and dry it.

[0176] D: Stir - frying quartz stones (with an iron spatula), specifically including: The ingredients include 1 kg of quartz stones with a particle size of 9 - 12 mm, a little oil, vinegar, cooking wine, soy sauce, and salt. The method used is as follows: 1) Pour 15 g of cooking oil into the pot, shake it evenly until the entire inner surface is wetted, heat it until there is cooking oil fume, then pour 1 kg of quartz stones into the pot, add a small amount of vinegar, cooking wine, soy sauce, water, and salt, and stir - fry evenly for 10 minutes; 2) After finishing, clean the inner surface of the pot with dishwashing liquid and dry it; 3) Filter the soup stock after each cycle and leave the quartz stones for use in the next cycle; 4) Quartz stone replacement cycle: 1 time / month.

[0177] When conducting the accelerated simulation test, the non - stick life is judged after each cycle. One of the following phenomena can be used to judge the end point:

[0178] (1) Decrease in non - stickiness:

[0179] The non - stick grade for frying eggs is continuously grade III for two cycles;

[0180] (2) Appearance damage:

[0181] The coating shows a fuzzing phenomenon;

[0182] The diameter of the peeling area of the coating is greater than 3 mm;

[0183] Wear is obvious and the substrate is exposed;

[0184] There are more than 3 piercing scratches (exposing the substrate) on the coating;

[0185] There is dirt that cannot be washed off with a wet rag;

[0186] Record the number of simulated test cycles at the end of the test, which is regarded as the non-stick life of the product. The more the number of cycles, the longer the non-stick life of the coating.

[0187] Table 1 Performance test results of each example and comparative example

[0188]

[0189] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cookware, characterized in that, it includes: a substrate; a multi-layer non-stick layer formed on the surface of the substrate; each of the multi-layer non-stick layers includes a high-entropy alloy; the porosity of at least two of the multi-layer non-stick layers is different and is not greater than 5%; the non-stick layer at least includes a first coating and a second coating, the first coating is arranged on the surface of the substrate, and the second coating is arranged on the first coating; the porosity of the first coating is less than that of the second coating, and the first coating has a nano-structure.

2. The cookware according to claim 1, characterized in that, the porosity of the first coating is 0.05% to 0.5%; and / or, the porosity of the second coating is 0.5% to 5%; and / or, the second coating has a gradient porosity, and the porosity of the second coating gradually changes from 0.5% at the position close to the first coating to 5% on the outer surface of the second coating.

3. The cookware according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the high-entropy alloy in the first coating and the high-entropy alloy in the second coating each independently include at least two of first-scale particles, second-scale particles and third-scale particles, and the first-scale particles, second-scale particles and third-scale particles satisfy the following relational expression: the particle size d1 of the first-scale particles ≤ the particle size d2 of the second-scale particles ≤ the particle size d3 of the third-scale particles; at least one of the mass percentage content w1 of the first-scale particles, the mass percentage content w2 of the second-scale particles, and the mass percentage content w3 of the third-scale particles is different in the first coating and in the second coating.

4. The cookware according to claim 3, characterized in that, the d1 is 50 nm to 500 nm, the d2 is 500 nm to 1 μm, and the d3 is 1 μm to 50 μm; and / or, in the first coating, the w1 is 40% to 60%, the w2 is 40% to 60%, the w3 is 0, or the sum of the w2 and w3 is 40% to 60%; and / or, in the second coating, the w3 is 30% to 50%, the w2 is 20% to 40%, and the balance is the w1.

5. The cookware according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the thickness of the first coating accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total thickness of the multi-layer non-stick layers.

6. The cookware according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the high-entropy alloy satisfies at least one of the following (a) to (c): (a) The constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy include at least four of Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Si and B; (b) In the high-entropy alloy, the atomic fraction of each constituent element is independently 5% to 35%; (c) The high-entropy alloy includes at least one of AlCrFeCoNi system, AlCrFeTiNi system, AlCrFeCoNiCu system, FeNiAlCr system, FeCrAlCuNi system, FeCrNiMnAl system, and FeCrCuTiV system.

7. The cookware according to claim 6, characterized in that the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy include at least one of Ti, Cr, Mo, B, and Al; and / or, the constituent elements of the high-entropy alloy further include at least one of Fe, Cu, and V; and / or, the high-entropy alloy includes at least two different systems of high-entropy alloys; And / or, the high-entropy alloy includes FeCrAl 1.8 CuNi 2 , Fe 25 Mn 35 Cr 10 Cu 10 Ti 10 , Fe 1.8 CrNiMn 2 Al 1.2 or Al 2 Cr 0.5 FeTiNi 0.5 and at least one of the following.

8. The cookware according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cookware satisfies at least one of the following (d) to (f): (d) The total thickness of the multiple non-stick layers is 100 μm to 500 μm; (e) The non-stick layer is a thermal spray coating or a cold spray coating; (f) The method of forming the thermal spray coating includes at least one of plasma spraying, supersonic flame spraying, oxyacetylene flame spraying, arc spraying, or explosion spraying.

9. A cooking device, characterized in that it includes the cookware according to any one of claims 1-8.

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