A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of plate heat exchanger technology, specifically a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger body and guide rods, and further comprising: a leak-proof unit, which is snapped into the guide rods to seal the weld joints of the heat exchanger body, protecting the internal fluid from leakage; before the heat exchanger operates, the leak-proof unit is attached to the heat exchanger body to seal the weld joints; during operation, the leak-proof unit absorbs some of the heat generated by the heat exchanger and uses it to achieve a tighter fit, ensuring the weld joints are tightly covered, thus improving fluid leakage caused by cracks in the welds, reducing corrosion of the heat exchanger due to leakage, increasing the service life of the heat exchanger, enhancing the working stability of the heat exchanger plates, and ultimately improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plate heat exchanger technology, specifically a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] Welded wide-channel plate heat exchangers are ideal devices for liquid-liquid and liquid-vapor heat exchange. They are made of stacked metal plates with a certain corrugated shape, and the plates are arranged to form thin rectangular channels through which heat exchange takes place.

[0003] The working principle of a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger: Thin rectangular channels are formed between the plates of the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger. The working fluid flows through the narrow and tortuous channels formed between two plates. The hot and cold fluids pass through the channels in sequence. There is a partition plate in the middle to separate the fluids and exchange heat through this plate. However, in the existing technology, when the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger is running, cracks appear at the weld joints, causing leakage of the working fluid. This not only pollutes the external environment but also corrodes the heat exchanger, resulting in economic losses and reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0004] In view of this, in order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention designs a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that when a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger is in operation, cracks appear at the weld joints, causing leakage of the working fluid, which pollutes the external environment, corrodes the heat exchanger, causes economic losses, and reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention provides a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger body, wherein multiple transversely arranged guide rods are uniformly fixedly connected to both sides of the heat exchanger body, and further comprising:

[0007] A leak-proof unit is connected to the guide rod and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the heat exchanger body to seal the weld joints of the heat exchanger body.

[0008] Preferably, the leak-proof unit includes:

[0009] A fixing bracket is snapped into the side of the guide rod near the heat exchanger, and a threaded hole is provided at the center position;

[0010] An adjusting bolt is helically connected to a threaded hole on a fixed bracket.

[0011] The pressing plate is located on the side of the fixing frame near the heat exchanger body. The pressing plate has a threaded hole corresponding to the position of the adjusting bolt, and is rotatably connected to the fixing frame through the adjusting bolt.

[0012] A sliding frame, wherein the sliding frame is slidably connected to the side of the pressing plate near the heat exchanger body;

[0013] An insulation layer is provided in the interlayer between the pressing plate and the sliding frame. The insulation layer is fixedly connected to the pressing plate and snapped into the sliding frame.

[0014] The groove is provided between the insulation layer and the sliding frame;

[0015] A rubber airbag, wherein the rubber airbag is disposed in the groove;

[0016] A sealing layer is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding frame near the heat exchanger body.

[0017] Preferably, the sliding frame is uniformly provided with heat-deformable shape memory metal on the side near the sealing layer.

[0018] Preferably, the shape memory metal protrudes in an arc shape toward the side near the sealing layer and is fixedly connected to the sealing layer.

[0019] Preferably, the sliding frame has heat transfer holes evenly distributed on the side away from the pressing plate; the heat transfer holes are arranged alternately with the shape memory metal, so that the rubber airbag is connected to the sealing layer.

[0020] Preferably, the adjusting bolt is provided with a rotating handle, and the rotating handle is rotatably connected to the adjusting bolt.

[0021] Preferably, the sealing layer is made of graphite gasket.

[0022] Preferably, the sealing layer has an indicator plate on the side near the weld of the heat exchanger body.

[0023] Preferably, the connection of the heat exchanger body is laser welded.

[0024] Preferably, thermometers are provided at the hot fluid inlet and the cold fluid outlet of the heat exchanger body.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This invention provides a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger. By rotating the adjusting bolt, the sealing layer is brought into contact with the weld joint of the heat exchanger body. When the heat exchanger is working, part of the heat generated by the heat exchanger is conducted to the rubber air bladder through the heat transfer holes. The rubber air bladder expands when heated, pushing the sliding frame and pressing the sealing layer tightly against the weld joint of the heat exchanger body. This improves the fluid leakage problem caused by cracks at the weld joint, reduces pollution to the external environment, facilitates the stable operation of the heat exchanger, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0027] 2. This invention provides a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger. When the heat exchanger is working, some of the heat generated by the heat exchanger is absorbed by the shape memory metal. As a result, the shape memory metal deforms when heated and protrudes towards the side closer to the sealing layer, so that the weld joint is tightly covered by the sealing layer. This enhances the fit between the sealing layer and the heat exchanger body, reduces the corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by fluid leakage, extends the service life of the heat exchanger, and enhances the working stability of the heat exchanger. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;

[0032] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point BB;

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0035] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view at point E in the middle;

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Heat exchanger body; 2. Guide rod; 3. Leak-proof unit; 31. Fixing bracket; 32. Adjusting bolt; 321. Rotating handle; 33. Pressing plate; 34. Sliding bracket; 341. Heat transfer hole; 342. Memory metal; 35. Insulation layer; 36. Groove; 37. Rubber airbag; 38. Sealing layer; 4. Indicator plate; 5. Thermometer. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The drawback of the existing welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger is that when the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger is working, cracks appear at the weld joint, which leads to leakage of working fluid, polluting the external environment and corroding the heat exchanger, resulting in economic losses and reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0039] The technical solution in this embodiment of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. The overall idea is as follows: By setting a leak-proof unit and a guide rod to engage, before the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger starts working, the leak-proof unit is adjusted to fit snugly against the weld joint of the heat exchanger body. After the heat exchanger starts working, some of the heat generated is absorbed and utilized by the leak-proof unit, making it fit more tightly against the heat exchanger body. This seals the weld joint of the heat exchanger body, improves the fluid leakage problem caused by cracks in the weld, reduces the corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by fluid leakage, extends the service life of the heat exchanger, enhances the working stability of the heat exchanger, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0040] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 5 This invention provides a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger body 1 and guide rods 2. Multiple transversely arranged guide rods are uniformly fixedly connected to both sides of the heat exchanger body. The invention also includes:

[0042] Leak-proof unit 3, which is connected to guide rod 2, is symmetrically arranged on both sides of heat exchanger body 1 and is used to seal the weld joint of heat exchanger body 1.

[0043] Before the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger starts working, the technicians connect the leak-proof unit 3 to the guide rod 2, adjust the leak-proof unit 3 so that it fits snugly with the weld joint of the heat exchanger body 1, turn on the control switch, and the heat exchanger starts working. During the operation, some of the heat generated by the heat exchanger is absorbed and utilized by the leak-proof unit 3, making it fit more tightly with the heat exchanger body 1, thereby improving the sealing effect of the heat exchanger body 1, reducing the probability of fluid leakage, and thus improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0044] In the existing technology, when a welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger is working, cracks appear at the weld joints, causing leakage of the working fluid. The following methods are usually used to deal with this: mark the leaking part, then disassemble the heat exchanger to check and solve the problem one by one, repair the deformed parts of the plates or reassemble new plates, and when reassembling the disassembled plates, the plate surface must be cleaned to prevent dirt from adhering to the plate joints. The handling process is relatively cumbersome, which consumes the working time of the heat exchanger, delays the working progress of the heat exchanger, and thus reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a leak-proof unit 3. Before the heat exchanger is working, the leak-proof unit 3 is attached to the heat exchanger body 1 to seal the weld joint of the heat exchanger body 1. During the operation of the heat exchanger, the leak-proof unit 3 absorbs part of the heat generated by the heat exchanger and uses it to make the heat exchanger fit more tightly, so that the weld joint is tightly covered by the leak-proof unit 3. This improves the fluid leakage problem caused by cracks in the weld, reduces the corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by fluid leakage, extends the service life of the heat exchanger, enhances the working stability of the heat exchanger, and thus improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0046] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the leak-proof unit 3 includes:

[0047] The fixing frame 31 is snapped into the side of the guide rod 2 near the heat exchanger 1, and a threaded hole is provided at the center position;

[0048] Adjusting bolt 32, which is screwed into the threaded hole on the fixing frame 31;

[0049] The pressing plate 33 is located on the side of the fixing frame 31 near the heat exchanger body 1. The pressing plate 33 has a threaded hole at the position corresponding to the adjusting bolt 32, and is rotatably connected to the fixing frame 31 through the adjusting bolt 32.

[0050] The sliding frame 34 is slidably connected to the side of the pressing plate 33 near the heat exchanger body 1;

[0051] The insulation layer 35 is disposed in the interlayer between the pressing plate 33 and the sliding frame 34. The insulation layer 35 is fixedly connected to the pressing plate 33 and is snapped into the sliding frame 34.

[0052] Groove 36, wherein the groove 36 is disposed between the insulation layer 35 and the sliding frame 34;

[0053] Rubber airbag 37, the rubber airbag 37 is disposed in the groove 36;

[0054] Sealing layer 38, which is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 34 on the side near the heat exchanger body 1;

[0055] Before the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger starts working, technicians attach the fixing bracket 31 to the guide rod 2 and move the fixing bracket 31 closer to the heat exchanger by rotating the adjusting bolt 32. Simultaneously, the pressing plate 33 and the sliding bracket 34 also move towards the heat exchanger under the push of the fixing bracket 31, thereby compressing the sealing layer 38 and ensuring the weld joints between individual plates in the heat exchanger body 1 are properly sealed, reducing the probability of fluid leakage and improving the heat exchange effect. Then, the control switch is turned on, and the heat exchanger begins working. During operation, some of the heat generated by the heat exchanger is conducted to the groove 36 through the heat transfer holes 341, causing the rubber... After being uniformly heated, the rubber airbag 37 expands, thereby pushing the sliding frame 34 towards the sealing layer 38. This causes the sealing layer 38 to press tightly against the weld of the heat exchanger body 1, ensuring that the weld joint is completely covered by the sealing layer 38. This improves the fluid leakage problem caused by cracks in the weld. At the same time, the insulation layer 35 protects the heat in the groove 36, reducing heat loss and improving the expansion effect of the rubber airbag 37. This further reduces the corrosion of the heat exchanger caused by fluid leakage, extends the service life of the heat exchanger, enhances the working stability of the heat exchanger, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0056] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sliding frame 34 is uniformly provided with heat-deformable shape memory metal 342 on the side near the sealing layer 38;

[0057] Heat is generated during heat exchanger operation. Some of this heat is transferred to the sliding frame 34 through the sealing layer 38. The shape memory metal 342, which is uniformly distributed on the sliding frame 34, absorbs heat and deforms, thereby pushing the sealing layer 38 towards the weld joint of the heat exchanger. This allows the sealing layer 38 to fit more tightly against the heat exchanger, further improving the sealing effect of the sealing layer 38 on the heat exchanger body 1, thereby further reducing the probability of fluid leakage and further improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The deformation characteristic of the shape memory metal 342 due to temperature changes makes its pressure on the sealing layer 38 flexible and variable, effectively improving the sealing performance of the weld joint and enhancing the stable flow of fluid within the heat exchanger.

[0058] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the shape memory metal 342 protrudes in an arc shape toward the side close to the sealing layer 38 and is fixedly connected to the sealing layer 38.

[0059] During the operation of the heat exchanger, some of the heat generated is diffused to the sliding frame 34 through the sealing layer 38. The shape memory metal 342 on the sliding frame 34 adopts an arc-shaped design, which can expand the contact area for heat absorption. After effectively absorbing heat, it bulges and deforms towards the side closer to the sealing layer 38, thereby pushing the sealing layer 38 to tightly cover the weld of the heat exchanger body 1, achieving a further fit and sealing the weld. This helps to solve the fluid leakage problem, reduces the corrosion of the heat exchanger due to fluid leakage, maintains the normal operation of the heat exchanger, extends the working time of the heat exchanger plates, and further improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0060] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, heat transfer holes 341 are uniformly provided on the side of the sliding frame 34 away from the pressing plate 33; the heat transfer holes 341 and the shape memory metal 342 are arranged alternately so that the rubber airbag 37 is connected to the sealing layer 38.

[0061] During the operation of the heat exchanger, some of the heat generated is diffused to the sliding frame 34 through the sealing layer 38. The heat transfer holes 341 evenly arranged on the sliding frame 34 can quickly and effectively transfer some of the heat, improve the expansion effect of the rubber air bladder 37 in the groove 36, thereby pushing the sliding frame 34 to slide towards the sealing layer 38, improving the sealing effect of the sliding frame 34 on the heat exchanger body 1. At the same time, the shape memory metal 342 evenly arranged on the sliding frame 34 can expand the range of heat transfer, further absorb heat, and bulge and deform towards the side closer to the sealing layer 38, pushing the sealing layer 38 to fit more tightly against the weld joint of the heat exchanger. Under the dual action of the heat transfer holes 341 and the shape memory metal 342, it squeezes the sealing layer 38 to fit tightly against the weld joint of the heat exchanger body 1, reducing heat loss, which is conducive to heat recovery and utilization, improving energy utilization, and thus enhancing the working efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0062] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting bolt 32 is provided with a rotating handle 321, and the rotating handle 321 is rotatably connected to the adjusting bolt 32.

[0063] Before the heat exchanger is put into operation, technicians can rotate the adjusting bolt 32 by lifting the rotating handle 321 and turning it. This causes the fixed frame 31 to move, thereby pushing the sliding frame 34 to press the sealing layer 38, which in turn makes the sealing layer 38 fit with the weld joint of the heat exchanger. The rotating handle 321 provides convenience for technicians to rotate the adjusting bolt 32, reduces the preparation time before the heat exchanger is put into operation, and further enhances the working efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0064] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the sealing layer 38 is made of a graphite gasket;

[0065] The sealing layer 38 is made of graphite gaskets. Compared with other materials, graphite gaskets have excellent sealing performance and good thermal stability. Using them to make the sealing layer 38 can improve the sealing coefficient of the sealing layer 38, while facilitating the transfer of heat in the heat exchanger. Graphite gaskets are also corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, non-aging, and non-brittle. The resulting sealing layer 38 can be used stably for a long time, is not easily deformed, and is sturdy and durable, extending the service life of the sealing layer 38 and enhancing the sealing performance of the welded joints of the heat exchanger. This provides the heat exchanger with stable operation capabilities and further enhances the smoothness of the heat exchanger's operation.

[0066] In this invention, a graphite gasket is optimally selected when fabricating the sealing layer 38. However, if skilled workers in this field can achieve a similar effect by using other materials without affecting the overall structure of the invention, the invention is not limited to this.

[0067] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the sealing layer 38 is provided with an indicator piece 4 on the side near the weld of the heat exchanger body 1;

[0068] The indicator plate 4 is located on the side of the sealing layer 38 near the weld joint of the heat exchanger, and is tightly fitted to the weld joint of the heat exchanger under the compression of the sealing layer 38. When fluid leaks during the operation of the heat exchanger, the leaked fluid will wet the indicator plate 4 and react with the pH indicator on the indicator plate 4, causing the indicator plate 4 to change color. Technicians can then observe the color of the indicator plate 4 to know whether fluid has leaked in the heat exchanger, so as to deal with the leak problem as soon as possible. This reduces the problem of heat exchanger corrosion caused by failure to detect fluid leaks in time, improves the environmental pollution caused by fluid leaks, and improves the efficiency of technicians in handling leak problems.

[0069] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the connection of the heat exchanger body 1 is laser welded;

[0070] Compared to other welding methods, laser welding is a more stable welding process with better surface and internal welding quality. When laser welding is used to weld the connection of the heat exchanger body 1, there is less slag at the weld connection and the weld surface is smoother, which is conducive to tight adhesion with the sealing layer 38. The weld connection is smoothly covered by the sealing layer 38, which improves the sealing performance of the heat exchanger connection and enhances the stable operation of the heat exchanger.

[0071] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, thermometers 5 are respectively provided at the hot fluid inlet and the cold fluid outlet of the heat exchanger body 1;

[0072] When the heat exchanger body 1 starts working, the cold fluid and the hot fluid enter different plates and begin to flow. Thermometers 5 are installed at the inlet of the hot fluid and the outlet of the cold fluid, respectively, so that the temperature of the hot fluid entering the heat exchanger plates can be viewed at any time and compared with the temperature of the cold fluid flowing out after heat exchange. This is beneficial for technicians to monitor the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger in real time and provides convenience for the technicians' monitoring work.

[0073] The specific workflow is as follows:

[0074] Before the welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger starts working, the technicians engage the mounting bracket 31 with the guide rod 2, then lift and rotate the handle 321 to rotate the adjusting bolt 32. This rotation causes the mounting bracket 31 to move closer to the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the pressing plate 33 and the sliding bracket 34 also move towards the heat exchanger, pressing the sealing layer 38 and the indicator plate 4 to fit against the weld joint of the heat exchanger body 1. The control switch is then turned on, and the heat exchanger begins operation. During operation, some of the heat generated by the heat exchanger is conducted to the groove 36 through the heat transfer hole 341. The insulation layer 35 protects the heat within the groove 36, reducing heat loss. The rubber airbag 37 expands after being heated evenly, pushing the sliding bracket 34 towards the sealing layer 38, causing it to press the sealing layer 38 tightly against the weld joint of the heat exchanger body 1. The remaining heat diffuses through the sealing layer 38 to… The sliding frame 34, with its arc-shaped shape memory metal 342 effectively absorbing heat, bulges and deforms towards the side near the sealing layer 38, thereby pushing the sealing layer 38 to tightly cover the weld of the heat exchanger body 1, further sealing the weld. Simultaneously, under the pressure of the sealing layer 38, the indicator 4 is tightly fitted to the weld connection of the heat exchanger. When fluid leakage occurs during heat exchanger operation, the leaked fluid will wet the indicator 4 and react with the pH indicator on the indicator 4, causing the indicator 4 to change color. Technicians can then observe the color of the indicator 4 to determine if fluid leakage has occurred in the heat exchanger, and thus address the leakage problem immediately. During heat exchanger operation, technicians can check the temperature of the hot fluid entering the heat exchanger plates by viewing the thermometer 5, and compare it with the temperature of the cold fluid flowing out after heat exchange, thereby achieving real-time monitoring of the heat exchanger's heat exchange efficiency.

[0075] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger body (1), wherein multiple transversely arranged guide rods (2) are uniformly fixedly connected to both sides of the heat exchanger body (1), characterized in that; Also includes: Leak-proof unit (3), the leak-proof unit (3) is connected to the guide rod (2), the leak-proof unit (3) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the heat exchanger body (1) and is used to seal the weld joint of the heat exchanger body (1); Leak-proof unit (3) includes: The fixing frame (31) is engaged with the guide rod (2) on the side near the heat exchanger body (1), and a threaded hole is provided at the center position; Adjusting bolt (32), the adjusting bolt (32) is helically connected to the threaded hole on the fixing frame (31); Press plate (33) is located on the side of the fixed frame (31) near the heat exchanger body (1). The press plate (33) has a threaded hole corresponding to the position of the adjusting bolt (32) and is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (31) through the adjusting bolt (32). A sliding frame (34) is slidably connected to a pressing plate (33) on the side near the heat exchanger body (1); The insulation layer (35) is disposed in the interlayer between the pressing plate (33) and the sliding frame (34). The insulation layer (35) is fixedly connected to the pressing plate (33) and snapped into the sliding frame (34). A groove (36) is provided between the insulation layer (35) and the sliding frame (34); A rubber airbag (37) is disposed in a groove (36); A sealing layer (38) is fixedly connected to the sliding frame (34) on the side near the heat exchanger body (1).

2. The welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding frame (34) is uniformly provided with heat-deformable shape memory metal (342) on one side near the sealing layer (38).

3. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shape memory metal (342) protrudes in an arc shape toward the side near the sealing layer (38) and is fixedly connected to the sealing layer (38).

4. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding frame (34) has heat transfer holes (341) evenly distributed on the side away from the pressing plate (33); the heat transfer holes (341) and the shape memory metal (342) are arranged alternately to make the rubber airbag (37) communicate with the sealing layer (38).

5. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting bolt (32) is provided with a rotating handle (321), and the rotating handle (321) is rotatably connected to the adjusting bolt (32).

6. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing layer (38) is made of graphite gasket.

7. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing layer (38) has an indicator plate (4) on the side near the weld of the heat exchanger body (1).

8. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection of the heat exchanger body (1) is laser welded.

9. A welded wide-channel plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger body (1) is equipped with thermometers (5) at the hot fluid inlet and the cold fluid outlet.

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