A ballast block unit and its application

Abstract

A ballast block unit is a shell structure with a cavity inside, including a top panel, one or more flow-facing side panels, and a hollow bottom and other sides, wherein the top panel is connected to the flow-facing side panel as a whole. The ballast block unit includes a flow-facing side panel, a top panel and two hollow side pillars, and a space structure that is connected to the bottom and the sides is formed inside; pre-buried connecting ropes that penetrate in two directions are preset at the bottom of the flow-facing side panel and the hollow side pillars. The present invention also discloses the application of the ballast block unit, which is used to form a semi-permeable ballast bottom protection / beach protection structure, including the steps of making a semi-permeable ballast unit sheet, making a large-pitch grid arrangement, and paving a semi-permeable bottom protection / beach protection structure. The present invention has good integrity, strong durability, and is environmentally friendly, and can be used in anti-scour projects such as dams, river banks, riverbed bottoms or beach surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and water transport engineering, and relates to a coast, river protection and waterway regulation structure. Background Art

[0002] In high flow and scouring environments, the traditional soft bottom protection structure of geotextile arrangement + concrete interlocking block ballasting is widely used in various projects because of its strong anti-scouring ability and good soil retention effect. However, the geotextile arrangement and concrete interlocking block structure are fully spread on the beach surface, forming a closed hard beach surface, covering the beach surface organisms, blocking the activity channels of near-bottom organisms, destroying the original organisms and habitats in the project area, and having poor ecological effects.

[0003] The existing ecological soft-bottom protection drainage structure suitable for high-velocity and scouring environments still fully covers the original beach surface to meet the soil conservation and anti-scouring effects. On the basis of destroying the original habitat, ecological compensation is carried out by rebuilding a new habitat to achieve the ecology of this type of soft-bottom protection drainage. However, this still has an irreversible impact on the original site organisms and habitats, and the ecological benefits are still poor to a certain extent and period.

[0004] Therefore, there is an objective need to develop a bottom protection / beach protection structure that overcomes the above-mentioned defects of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ballast block unit and its application to obtain a bottom protection / beach protection structure that can resist water erosion and protect the beach surface; it can also retain the biological channel below the original beach surface and provide a suitable living space for near-bottom organisms.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A ballast block unit is a shell structure with a cavity inside, comprising a top panel, one or more side panels facing the flow, and a hollow bottom and other sides. The top panel is connected to the side panels facing the flow as a whole.

[0008] Optionally, the ballast block unit includes a flow-facing side panel, a top panel and two hollow side pillars, forming a space structure that penetrates the bottom and the sides; pre-buried connecting ropes in two directions are preset at the bottom of the flow-facing side panel and the hollow side pillars.

[0009] Optionally, the side panels facing the flow and the top panel form a closed package for the internal space to enhance resistance to water erosion.

[0010] Optionally, chamfers are provided at the ends of the top panel and at the junctions between the side panel facing the flow and the top panel to reduce the water flow load.

[0011] Optionally, the bottom of the top panel and the inside of the side panel facing the flow are arranged as an arched surface layer to improve the structural strength.

[0012] Optionally, the side panel is provided with 2 to 3 side panels to reduce the scouring effect of water flow.

[0013] Optionally, the total length and width of the ballast block unit are 40 to 100 cm, and the height is 20 to 60 cm.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the top panel and the side panel facing the flow direction is 10 to 30 cm.

[0015] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the internal space structure is rectangular or arched.

[0016] The application of the ballast block unit is used to form a semi-permeable ballast bottom protection / beach protection structure, which includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Production of semi-permeable ballast unit cell

[0018] The semi-permeable ballast unit sheet is formed by arranging 2 to 7 semi-permeable ballast block units on each side into a rectangular shape, and is cast in one step by an inverted prefabrication method. During prefabrication, the unit template is first placed, and the embedded connecting rope is installed through the reserved holes on the template. Finally, the mixed concrete is poured into the mold, and it is processed through processes such as oscillation, surface finishing, curing and demoulding.

[0019] Step 2: Large-spacing grille layout production

[0020] According to the unit size of a single semi-permeable ballast block, a composite geotextile strip composed of woven cloth + non-woven geotextile is selected for interval sewing, or a suitable geogrid can be directly selected; after the grid structure is formed, a binding ring is sewn according to the unit size of the semi-permeable ballast block;

[0021] Step 3: Semi-permeable bottom protection / beach protection structure paving

[0022] According to the terrain conditions, direct laying and laying by laying ship techniques are adopted.

[0023] Optionally, the direct laying process is: directly unfold the large-spacing grid arrangement on the beach, use a lifting machine to arrange the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces on the arrangement, and positioning is required to ensure that a single ballast block unit can completely cover the space at the corresponding position and have sufficient overlap with the geotextile grids around it; pass the pre-buried connecting rope preset for the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces through the preset binding ring of the arrangement and then tighten it to fix the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces to the arrangement as a whole.

[0024] Optionally, the laying process of the laying ship is: unfold the layout on the deck and movable slide of the laying ship, hang and fix the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces on the layout, tilt the slide on the side of the ship at a certain angle, and then the row body slowly slides into the water by its own weight, and the laying is completed while sliding and moving the ship.

[0025] Optionally, the ballast block unit is prefabricated with hard materials, and is reinforced on the side panels facing the flow, the top panels or the hollow side pillars according to the external load conditions in the application project.

[0026] Optionally, the hard material is plain concrete.

[0027] Optionally, the ballast block units are combined into a ballast unit sheet, the ballast unit sheet is rectangular, and one side is composed of 2 to 7 ballast block units arranged;

[0028] The gap width between adjacent ballast block units is determined in coordination with protection requirements, structural thickness and ecological needs;

[0029] In the ballast unit sheet, an uninterrupted pre-buried connection rope is used in each direction to realize the connection between the ballast block units, and a tying ring of sufficient length is reserved at the end of the unit sheet for tying.

[0030] Optionally, the large-spacing grid arrangement may be provided with a reinforcement belt sewn above or below the geotextile grid along the laying direction and along the laying direction of the row body depending on the strength requirements, and a binding ring may be provided on the geotextile grid or the reinforcement belt.

[0031] Optionally, the geotextile grid strip width is 50-100 cm; the space dimension is smaller than the bottom contour dimension of the upper semi-permeable ballast block unit, which is 2 / 3-4 / 5 of the dimension.

[0032] Optionally, the preset position of the tying ring is coordinated with the size of the ballast unit piece and the ballast pre-buried connecting rope to ensure that the ballast block unit can completely cover the arranged grid spaces and have sufficient overlap with the surrounding geotextile grids.

[0033] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: good integrity, strong durability, and ecological protection, and can be used in anti-scouring projects such as dams, river banks, riverbed bottoms or beach surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 FIG. 4 is a top view of a ballast block unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 The ballast block unit of the present invention has a structure with an arched inner surface.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a ballast block unit embodiment of the present invention having a structure with two side panels.

[0037] Figure 4 The ballast block unit embodiment of the present invention has a structure with three side panels.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the ballast unit sheet structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom protection / beach protection structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Section view.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 100. Semi-permeable ballast block unit; 110. Flow-facing side panel; 120. Top panel; 130. Permeable side support; 150. Pre-buried connecting rope;

[0043] 141. Arched surface layer; 151. Tie-knot reserved loop (rope);

[0044] 200. Semi-permeable ballast unit sheet; 210. Ballast block unit gap;

[0045] 300. Large spacing grid arrangement; 320. Space; 330. Binding ring;

[0046] 311. Reinforced belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention discloses a ballast block unit, which is a shell structure with a top surface and a side surface (one or more) facing the flow as panels, and a hollow bottom and other sides with a cavity inside. A chamfer is provided between the side surface facing the flow opposite to the hollow side and the top surface. Each side surface facing the flow is provided with a through hole parallel to the direction of the rectangular straight line, so that it can be connected in series with other ballast block units through a chain rope when in use. The bottom protection / beach protection structure obtained by applying the present invention is composed of a plurality of ballast block units and a large-pitch grid arrangement at the bottom, which are regularly connected. For example, 6×6 ballast block units and a large-pitch grid arrangement at the bottom can be used to form a regular connection, and the chain ropes between adjacent ballast block units are regularly connected through their respective through holes. The rope is passed through the binding ring on the reinforcement belt and fixed to the large-pitch grid arrangement. Each ballast block unit covers the space on the large-pitch grid arrangement. The present invention has good integrity, strong durability, and is environmentally friendly, and can be used for anti-scouring projects such as dams, river banks, riverbed bottoms or beach surfaces.

[0048] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 of the present invention is a shell structure with a cavity inside, having a top panel 120, one or more side panels 110 facing the flow, and the bottom and other sides are permeable. The top panel 120 is connected to the side panels 110 facing the flow as a whole.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 is composed of a flow-facing side panel 110, a top panel 120 and two permeable side pillars 130, and a space structure that is connected to the bottom and the side is formed inside; pre-buried connecting ropes 150 are preset in two directions at the bottom of the flow-facing side panel 110 and the permeable side pillars 130.

[0051] The side panels 110 and the top panels 120 of the upstream direction form a closed package for the internal space to strengthen the resistance to water flow scouring. In order to reduce the water flow load, chamfers can be set at the ends of the top panels 120 and at the junctions of the side panels 110 and the top panels 120 of the upstream direction.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to improve the structural strength, the bottom of the top panel 120 and the inside of the side panel 110 facing the flow direction can be provided with an arched surface layer 141; Figures 3 to 4 As shown, in a high flow rate or reciprocating flow environment, 2 to 3 side panels can be set to reduce the scouring effect of water flow.

[0053] The overall length and width of the semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 are preferably 40 to 100 cm, and the height is preferably 20 to 60 cm. The thickness of the top panel 120 and the side panel 110 facing the flow is determined according to the stability of the bottom protection structure, and is preferably 10 to 30 cm; the cross-sectional size of the internal space structure is preferably rectangular or arched, and the size is coordinated and determined according to the beach protection effect, the stability of the bottom protection structure, and the ecological space required by the local aquatic organisms.

[0054] At both ends of the semi-permeable ballast block units 100 , the pre-buried connecting ropes 150 reserve sufficient length for tying the semi-permeable ballast block units 100 .

[0055] The semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 is generally prefabricated with hard materials such as plain concrete. According to the external load conditions in the application project, reinforcement can be considered for the side panel 110 facing the flow, the top panel 120 or the permeable side support 130.

[0056] Generally, the semi-permeable ballast block units 100 are preferably combined into a semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200 for implementation.

[0057] like Figure 5As shown, the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200 is preferably in a rectangular shape, and the width of a single side is composed of 2 to 7 semi-permeable ballast block units 100 arranged in an arranged manner.

[0058] The width of the ballast block unit gap 210 between adjacent semi-permeable ballast block units 100 is determined in coordination with protection requirements, structural thickness and ecological needs.

[0059] In the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200, an uninterrupted pre-buried connecting rope 150 is used in each direction to realize the connection between the semi-permeable ballast block units 100, and a tying ring 151 of sufficient length is reserved at the end of the unit sheet for tying.

[0060] like Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the large-spacing grid arrangement 300 is a grid-like structure formed by weaving geotextiles and alternately interlaced spaces 320. It can be made of composite geotextile strips composed of traditional woven fabrics + non-woven geotextiles, or directly made of wide geogrids and other materials. Depending on the strength requirements, a reinforcement belt 311 can be sewn above or below the geotextile grid along the laying direction and along the laying direction of the row body. A binding ring 330 is provided on the geotextile grid or the reinforcement belt 311.

[0061] The width of the geotextile grid strips should be 50 to 100 cm; the size of the space 320 should be smaller than the bottom contour size of the upper semi-permeable ballast block unit 100, preferably 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of its size.

[0062] The reinforcement strip 311 can be used to improve the strength of the row body when the strength of the geotextile grid is not enough to bear the load of the row body.

[0063] The tying ring 330 is used for connection with the upper semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 or the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200. The preset position of the tying ring 330 should be coordinated with the size of the ballast unit sheet and the ballast pre-embedded connecting rope 150 to ensure that the ballast block unit can completely cover the arranged grid spaces 320 and have sufficient overlap with the surrounding geotextile grids.

[0064] The structure of the present invention can be prefabricated in batches in the form of unit pieces and installed using conventional concrete interlocking block soft-body row paving equipment, with high construction efficiency, good effect and low construction cost.

[0065] The application of the semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 of the present invention can be used to form a semi-permeable ballast bottom protection / beach protection structure, including the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Production of semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200: The semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200 is preferably cast in one step by inverted prefabrication in the form of 2 to 7 semi-permeable ballast block units 100 arranged in a rectangle on each side. During prefabrication, firstly, the unit template is placed, and the embedded connecting rope 150 is installed through the reserved hole on the template. Finally, the mixed concrete is poured into the mold, and it is processed through the processes of vibration, surface finishing, curing and demoulding.

[0067] Step 2: Arrangement of large-spacing grids Arrangement 300 Production: According to the scale of a single semi-permeable ballast block unit 100, select a composite geotextile strip composed of woven cloth + non-woven geotextile for interval sewing, or directly select a suitable geogrid. After the grid structure is formed, sew the binding ring 330 according to the scale of the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet 200 (if a single semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 is used for installation, the scale of a single semi-permeable ballast block unit 100 is used). Generally, it is shipped after all the work is completed in the factory.

[0068] Step 3: Semi-permeable bottom protection / beach protection structure paving

[0069] The row body paving of the present invention can adopt direct paving and paving ship paving technology according to the terrain conditions.

[0070] The direct laying process is: unfold the large-spacing grid arrangement 300 directly on the beach, and use a lifting machine to arrange the ballast block unit 100 (or a group of unit pieces 200) on the arrangement 300. Positioning is required to ensure that a single ballast block unit 100 can completely cover the corresponding space 320 and have sufficient overlap with the surrounding geotextile grids. Pass the pre-buried connecting rope 150 of the ballast block unit 100 (or a group of unit pieces 200) through the pre-set binding ring 330 of the arrangement 300 and then tighten it, so that the ballast block unit 100 (or a group of unit pieces 200) and the arrangement 300 are fixed together.

[0071] The laying process of the laying ship is: unfold the layout on the deck and movable slide of the laying ship, lift the ballast block unit 100 (or a group of unit pieces 200) onto the layout 300 and fix it on the layout 300 (the specific implementation plan and requirements are the same as the "direct laying process"), tilt the slide on the side of the ship at a certain angle, and then the row body slowly slides into the water by its own weight, and the laying is completed while sliding and moving the ship.

[0072] The above-mentioned related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments are for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those familiar with the art can easily make various modifications to these contents and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned related explanations and descriptions of the embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a ballast block unit, characterized in that: The ballast block unit is a shell structure with a cavity inside, and the ballast block unit includes a side panel facing the flow, a top panel and two hollow side pillars. The bottom and other sides are hollow, and a space structure that penetrates the bottom and the side is formed inside; the top panel is connected to the side panel facing the flow as a whole, and pre-buried connecting ropes are preset in two directions at the bottom of the side panel facing the flow and the hollow side pillars. Chamfers are set at the ends of the top panel and at the junctions of the side panel facing the flow and the top panel to reduce the water flow load, and the bottom of the top panel and the inside of the side panel facing the flow are set as arched surface layers to improve the structural strength; The method is used to form a semi-permeable ballast bottom protection / beach protection structure, including the following steps: Step 1: Production of semi-permeable ballast unit cell The semi-permeable ballast unit sheet is formed by arranging 2 to 7 semi-permeable ballast block units on each side into a rectangular shape, and is cast in one step by an inverted prefabrication method; during prefabrication, the unit template is first placed, and the embedded connecting rope is installed through the reserved holes on the template, and finally the mixed concrete is poured into the mold, and then processed by vibration, surface finishing, curing and demoulding processes; Step 2: Large-spacing grille layout production According to the size of a single semi-permeable ballast block unit, select a composite geotextile strip composed of woven cloth + non-woven geotextile for interval sewing, or directly select a suitable geotextile grid; after the large-spacing grid arrangement structure is formed, sew a binding ring according to the size of the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet, the binding ring is used to connect with the upper semi-permeable ballast block unit or the semi-permeable ballast unit sheet, and the preset position of the binding ring should be coordinated with the size of the ballast unit sheet and the ballast pre-buried connecting rope to ensure that the ballast block unit can completely cover the arranged grid space and have sufficient overlap with the surrounding geotextile grids; Step 3: Semi-permeable bottom protection / beach protection structure paving According to the terrain conditions, direct laying and laying by laying ship techniques are adopted.

2. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panels facing the flow and the top panel form a closed package for the internal space to strengthen the resistance to water scouring.

3. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panels are provided with 2-3 side panels to reduce the scouring effect of water flow.

4. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total length and width of the ballast block unit are 40 to 100 cm, and the height is 20 to 60 cm.

5. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the top panel and the side panel facing the flow direction is 10 to 30 cm.

6. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the internal space structure is rectangular or arched.

7. Use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The direct laying process is: directly unfold the large-spacing grid arrangement on the beach, use a lifting machine to arrange the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces on the arrangement, and position it to ensure that a single ballast block unit can completely cover the space at the corresponding position and have sufficient overlap with the geotextile grids around it; pass the pre-buried connecting rope preset for the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces through the preset binding ring of the arrangement and then tighten it to fix the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces to the arrangement as a whole.

8. Use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying process of the laying ship is: unfold the layout on the deck and movable slide of the laying ship, hang and fix the ballast block unit or a group of unit pieces on the layout, tilt the slide on the side of the ship at a certain angle, and then the row body slowly slides into the water by its own weight, and the laying is completed while sliding and moving the ship.

9. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast block unit is prefabricated with hard materials, and is reinforced on the side panels facing the flow, the top panels or the hollow side pillars according to the external load conditions in the application project.

10. Use of the ballast block unit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The hard material is concrete.

11. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast block units are combined into a ballast unit sheet, which is rectangular in shape and consists of 2 to 7 ballast block units arranged on one side. The gap width between adjacent ballast block units is determined in coordination with protection requirements, structural thickness and ecological needs; In the ballast unit sheet, an uninterrupted pre-buried connection rope is used in each direction to realize the connection between the ballast block units, and a tying ring of sufficient length is reserved at the end of the unit sheet for tying.

12. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large-spacing grid arrangement can be sewn with reinforcement strips above or below the geotextile grid along the laying direction and along the laying direction of the row body depending on the strength requirements, and binding rings can be provided on the geotextile grid or the reinforcement strips.

13. The use of the ballast block unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the geotextile grid strip is 50 to 100 cm; the space size is smaller than the bottom contour size of the upper semi-permeable ballast block unit, which is 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of its size.

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