Shock absorber unit

Abstract

A shock absorbing unit comprises a hollow housing with a closed end and an opposite open end, through which a main axis passes, an elastic system arranged at the bottom of the housing, a pressing element and a friction system arranged at the open end of the housing. The elastic system is constituted by a dynamic load absorber, which is arranged in the closed end of the housing on a guide pin along the main axis of the housing. The guide pin has a head for mounting it in a recess formed in the closed bottom of the housing so that the guide pin is centered relative to the main axis. The construction and arrangement of all structural components of the friction system and the elastic system are such that the shock absorbing unit has a working stroke of 110 to 120 mm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to railway transport, namely to shock absorbing units for coupling and automatic coupling units of railway vehicles and is intended to absorb energy and axial forces affecting railway vehicles. Background Art

[0002] In the existing devices, we see various structures of damping units, in particular a damping unit (RF patent No. 169528, B61G9 / 00, published on September 30, 2016), which includes a glass cup-shaped shell, in which a pressure cone arranged symmetrically with its inner wall contacts a friction wedge resting on a bottom plate. The wedge is in contact with a fixed plate and a bronze friction pad fixed in the window of the shell through its side. The movable friction plate is installed between the outer surface of the fixed plate and the inner wall of the shell. The return and retaining device in the form of a polymer elastic element is located below the base plate. This set of polymer elastic elements is tightened together with the bottom plate, the pressure cone and the wedge with nuts and bolts passing through the bottom opening of the shell. The angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedge is greater than 42° but less than 47°. The ceramic and metal elements on the fixed plate are replaced with brass friction pads. The friction wedge is equipped with an angle difference compensator.

[0003] The disadvantages of this type of damping unit are that it is difficult to assemble and maintain, the polymer elastic element is not united, and the existence of friction between the housing friction surface and the unit friction piece can lead to rapid wear of the housing wall and unstable operation of the damping unit, thereby reducing the reliability of the device and the unit.

[0004] The closest comparable device in the prior art is a damping unit (RF patent number 2593732C2, B61G9 / 06, published on September 15, 2011), which includes a hollow housing with a closed end and an opposite open end (the main axis passes through the housing), an elastic system located in the lower part of the housing, and a friction system located in the open end part of the housing. The last one includes the following parts. A friction wedge located on the main axis of the housing, one end of which extends from the housing and the second end is located at the top of the open end of the housing; and the friction wedge has a first and a second inclined surface. A first and a second friction shoe located on both sides of the friction wedge, each friction shoe having a first, a second and a third inclined surface. Wherein the first inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the second inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the second friction shoe. In addition, the first inclined surface of the friction wedge, the second inclined surface, and the first inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a first predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing. A first U-shaped baffle and a second U-shaped baffle, wherein the first U-shaped baffle is located on the side of the first friction shoe and the second U-shaped baffle is located on the side of the second friction shoe. Each U-shaped baffle has an inclined surface. At the same time, the inclined surface of the first U-shaped baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the inclined surface of the second U-shaped baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the second friction shoe. Moreover, the inclined surface of each U-shaped baffle and the second inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a second predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing. A first friction plate and a second friction plate, and the first friction plate is located on the side of the first U-shaped baffle, and the second friction plate is located on the side of the second U-shaped baffle. First and second C-shaped wear-resistant pads, wherein the first C-shaped wear-resistant pad is located on the side of the first friction plate, and the second C-shaped wear-resistant pad is located on the side of the second friction plate and fixed in the groove of the side wall of the housing. The compression element has first and second inclined surfaces located on the protrusion of the compression element, each of which interacts with the third inclined surface of the corresponding friction shoe. In addition, the first and second inclined surfaces of the compression element and the third inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a third predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing. The elastic system is formed by an elastic element located in the closed part of the housing along the main axis of the housing. The central plate is formed with a protrusion at its lower part for centering on the main axis of the housing. The compression element has a flat horizontal inner surface with the possibility of interaction with an elastic element located in the closed part of the housing. Furthermore, in the center of the compression element there is a hole aligned with the main axis of the housing for centering relative to the main axis during assembly by placing a part of a centering rod therein and then removing the centering rod positioned along the main axis of the housing. The compression element is formed by elastomeric element units that are centered with each other by means of a plate mounted between them placed perpendicular to the main axis. Each baffle and each friction shoe is provided with a lubricating liner. A spring is mounted between the friction wedge and the compression element to generate a force that supports the friction wedge in its initial position.The compression element interacts with the two friction plates and has a projection that interacts with the lower end of the friction plates, by which the force from the elastic element formed by the elastomer element unit is transmitted to the two friction plates through the compression element and returns them to their initial position after each stress or force impact absorption unit. On the horizontal surface of the lower closed part of the housing and on the outer horizontal surface of the compression element, there is an annular groove for additional centering of the elastic element formed by the elastomer element unit.

[0005] The disadvantages of the existing damping units are the lack of a rod for centering the elastomeric element during operation and the complexity of the system for centering the elastomeric element along the main axis. In addition, the structure of the device uses springs, which complicates the structure of the device and the compression element, making the device heavier in this design. In addition, there is no lubricating lining between the C-shaped wear pad and the friction plate, which has a negative impact on the reliability of the device. Summary of the invention

[0006] The task to which the disclosed invention is directed is to develop an improved structure of a damping unit, free from the disadvantages of the above-mentioned similar devices, as well as to expand the scope of technical means for achieving the specified objectives.

[0007] The technical result of the invention is increased reliability and service life due to more accurate centering of the interacting structural elements of the friction system and the elastic system when subjected to dynamic loads, and increased energy consumption of the unit, while simplifying the structure of the unit and ensuring the technical requirements of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries for vibration damping devices of coupling (automatic coupling) devices on railway rolling stock.

[0008] The specific technical achievement is achieved in a shock absorbing unit, which includes a hollow shell having a closed end and an opposite open end, through which the main axis passes; an elastic system located at the lower part of the shell and a friction system located at the open end part of the shell. The friction system includes the following elements. A friction wedge located on the main axis of the shell, one end of which extends from the shell and the second end is located at the top of the open end of the shell; and the friction wedge also has a first and a second inclined surface. First and second friction shoes, which are located on both sides of the friction wedge, wherein each friction shoe has a first, a second and a third inclined surface. Wherein, the first inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the second inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the second friction shoe. In addition, the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface of the friction wedge and the first inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a first predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the shell. First and second baffles, the first baffle is located on the side of the first friction shoe, and the second baffle is located on the side of the second friction shoe. Each baffle has an inclined surface. At the same time, the inclined surface of the first baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the inclined surface of the second baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the second friction shoe. In addition, the inclined surface of each baffle and the second inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a second predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing. A first U-shaped friction plate and a second U-shaped friction plate, and the first U-shaped friction plate is located on the side of the first baffle and the second U-shaped friction plate is located on the side of the second baffle. First and second wear-resistant pads, wherein the first wear-resistant pad is located on the side of the first U-shaped friction plate and the second wear-resistant pad is located on the side of the second U-shaped friction plate and fixed in the groove of the side wall of the housing. A compression element having first and second inclined surfaces, the first and second inclined surfaces are located on the protrusion of the compression element, and each inclined surface interacts with the third inclined surface of the corresponding friction shoe. In addition, the first and second inclined surfaces of the compression element and the third inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a third predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing. The elastic system is composed of a dynamic load absorber located in the closed part of the housing and on the guide pin. The compression element has a flat horizontal inner surface that can interact with the dynamic load absorber located in the closed part of the housing. In addition, there is a hole aligned with the main axis of the housing in the center of the compression element for centering relative to the main axis by placing a part of the guide pin arranged along the main axis of the housing therein. The dynamic load absorber is formed by elastomeric element units which are centered with each other by means of plates and elastomeric elements mounted between the plates. Furthermore, each plate of each elastomeric element is made with a projection in such a way that the plate projections interact with the upper and lower surfaces of the elastomeric element and provide relative positioning of the associated plate and elastomeric element. Each plate is made centrally with a hole aligned with the main axis of the housing for centering relative to the main axis by placing a portion of a guide pin therein.In addition, the guide pin is made with a head, and the horizontal inner surface of the closed part of the housing has a conical or cylindrical groove located on the main axis of the housing, and is designed to center the guide pin relative to the main axis of the housing by installing the guide pin in the groove and being pressed and fixed by the lower plate of the lower elastic unit. In addition, the housing has a U-shaped protrusion located on the inner surface opposite to the open end of the housing and a C-shaped protrusion facing the opposite direction located on the opposite side of the lower part. In addition, each U-shaped protrusion is made with a horizontal flat or concave lower surface so that it can interact with the corresponding surface of the support arm of the friction wedge. Each C-shaped protrusion is made with a horizontal plane or concave lower surface, a horizontal plane or concave upper surface and a vertical side surface. In addition, each lateral protrusion of each baffle is located in the corresponding C-shaped protrusion on the opposite sides of the lower part of the housing, so that the horizontal plane or concave lower surface of each C-shaped protrusion of the lower part of the housing interacts with the horizontal plane or convex lower surface of the corresponding lateral protrusion of the baffle.

[0009] The upper surface of the horizontal plane or concave surface of each C-shaped protrusion of the lower part of the shell is arranged to have a process gap with the horizontal plane of the lateral protrusion corresponding to the baffle. The vertical side surface of each C-shaped protrusion of the lower part of the shell is arranged to have a process gap with the vertical side surface of the lateral protrusion corresponding to the baffle. The compression element has four protrusions, each of which has an upper surface; the first and second U-shaped plates are made to have protrusions on the side, and the lower surface of each protrusion is made in such a way that when the unit returns to its initial working position, the lower surface of the protrusion of the first and second U-shaped plates interacts with the upper surface of the corresponding protrusion of the compression element. Therefore, all structural elements of the friction system and the elastic system are manufactured and placed in such a way that the working stroke of the unit is 110 mm to 120 mm.

[0010] It is expedient for the elastomeric element to be manufactured from a polymer material.

[0011] Reasonably, the first predetermined angle is 45±5°, the second predetermined angle is 4±3°, and the third predetermined angle is 75±5°.

[0012] It is reasonable for the friction shoe to be provided with a lubricating pad mounted on the side of the baffle plate.

[0013] It is reasonable for the ∪-shaped friction shoe to have a lubricating pad installed on the side of the baffle.

[0014] It is reasonable for the U-shaped friction shoe to have a lubricating liner mounted on the side of the wear resistant liner.

[0015] It is expedient for the projection of the plate of the elastomeric element to be cylindrical.

[0016] It is reasonable that the projections of the plate of the elastomeric element are made in the shape of sharp needle teeth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which

[0018] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a damping unit with an elastic element on a guide pin is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a damping unit with an elastic element on a guide pin is shown, wherein a predetermined angle is specified;

[0020] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 AA cross-section diagram;

[0021] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 BB cross-section diagram;

[0022] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a shock absorbing unit housing is shown;

[0023] Figure 6 The baffle is shown;

[0024] Figure 7 A U-shaped friction plate is shown;

[0025] Figure 8 A compression element is shown;

[0026] Fig. 9 A plate of an elastomeric element having cylindrical protrusions is shown;

[0027] Fig.10 A plate of an elastomeric element with protrusions in the shape of pointed teeth is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In a preferred variant, the damping unit comprises: a housing 1 with a closed end 2 and an opposite open end 3, through which the main axis 4 passes, a friction system located in the open end 3 of the housing, a guide pin 14, an elastic system including a dynamic load absorber 16 constituted by an elastic element unit 45, which is constituted by two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 mounted between them. The housing, the guide pin 14 and the friction system of the damping unit are preferably made of a hard metal, while the elastomeric element is made of a synthetic material, for example a polymer material.

[0029] The friction system includes a friction wedge 5 located on the main axis 4 of the housing 1, one end of which extends from the open end 3 of the housing 1, and the second end is located at the top of the open end 3 of the housing. A first friction shoe 6 and a second friction shoe 7 are located on both sides of the friction wedge 5, the first friction shoe 6 has a first shoe slope 6a, a second shoe slope 6b and a third shoe slope 6c, and the second friction shoe 7 has a fourth shoe slope 7a, a fifth shoe slope 7b and a sixth shoe slope 7c. Thus, the first wedge slope 5a of the friction wedge 5 interacts with the first shoe slope 6a of the first friction shoe 6, and the second wedge slope 5b of the friction wedge 5 interacts with the fourth shoe slope 7a of the second friction shoe 7. The first wedge slope 5a and the second wedge slope 5b of the friction wedge 5 and the first shoe slope 6a of each first friction shoe 6 and the fourth shoe slope 7a of the second friction shoe 7 are arranged at a first predetermined angle α relative to the main axis 4 of the housing 1, and the angle α is about 45±5°, preferably 45°.

[0030] In addition, the friction system includes a first baffle plate 8 and a second baffle plate 9. The first baffle plate 8 is located on the side of the first friction shoe 6, and the second baffle plate 9 is located on the side of the second friction shoe 7. The first baffle plate 8 has a first baffle plate inclined surface 8a. The second baffle plate 9 also has a second baffle plate inclined surface 9a. Thus, the first baffle plate inclined surface 8a of the first baffle plate 8 interacts with the second shoe inclined surface 6b of the first friction shoe 6, and the second baffle plate inclined surface 9a of the second baffle plate 9 interacts with the fifth shoe inclined surface 7b of the second friction shoe 7. The first baffle plate inclined surface 8a of each first baffle plate 8, the second baffle plate inclined surface 9a of the second baffle plate 9, and the second shoe inclined surface 6b of each first friction shoe 6, and the fifth shoe inclined surface 7b of the second friction shoe 7 are arranged at a second predetermined angle β relative to the main axis 4 of the housing 1, and the angle β is about 4±3°, preferably 4°.

[0031] In addition, the friction system includes a first U-shaped friction plate 10 and a second U-shaped friction plate 11. Among them, the first U-shaped friction plate 10 is located on the side of the first baffle 8, and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 is located on the side of the second baffle 9. The first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 isolate the housing 1 from the friction impact of the movable element. In addition, the first wear-resistant pad 12 is located on the side of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 is located on the side of the second U-shaped friction plate 11, and is fixed in the groove of the side wall of the housing 1. The use of the first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 allows the housing 1 of the shock absorbing unit to be made of a polymer material, because the first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 isolate the wall of the housing 1 from the moving parts. This ensures that the housing 1 does not have a friction surface with the moving parts, which leads to the absence of wear of the housing wall and increases the reliability of the equipment and the shock absorbing unit.

[0032] To ensure the wear resistance of unit parts, the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 on the sides of the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9, as well as the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 on the sides of the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 and the sides of the first wear-resistant lining 12 and the second wear-resistant lining 13 are equipped with lubricating pads 19. Due to friction, the lubricating pads 19 provide solid (dry) lubrication for the walls of the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 and the walls of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 and prevent rapid wear of the parts.

[0033] Each lubricating pad 19 can be made into one, two or three layers. It is reasonable to use three layers of lubricating pads 19. The first layer, which contacts the surfaces of the first friction shoe 6, the second friction shoe 7 and the first U-shaped friction plate 10, the second U-shaped friction plate 11, contains large abrasive particles and accelerates the surface running-in process. The second (middle) layer contains lubricant with finer dispersed abrasive particles than the first layer, which increases the surface cleanliness of the friction pairs of the first friction shoe 6, the second friction shoe 7 and the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9, the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 and the first U-shaped friction plate 10, the second U-shaped friction plate 11, and the first U-shaped friction plate 10, the second U-shaped friction plate 11 and the first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13. The third layer, which contacts the surfaces of the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 and the first wear-resistant pad 12, the second wear-resistant pad 13, ensures that the required friction coefficient is achieved and the wear of the parts is reduced after the first two layers have taken effect. To manufacture the lubricating pad 19, a metal softer than the metal of the friction element (e.g., copper, brass, graphite) is used, or other materials (e.g., diamond powder) are added to the first two layers to form a metal harder than the metal of the friction element. In addition, the second layer is less abrasive than the first layer, and the third layer is non-abrasive and is composed only of a soft material (softer than the metal of the friction element).

[0034] The lubricating pad 19 is made by pressing abrasive and lubricant powder into sheets and then punching the pad. The pad is placed into the friction element by pressing during the assembly process.

[0035] The friction system further includes a compression element 15, which is formed with a first compression slope 15a interacting with the third shoe slope 6c of the first friction shoe 6 and a second compression slope 15b interacting with the sixth shoe slope 7c of the second friction shoe 7. In addition, the first compression slope 15a, the second compression slope 15b of the compression element 15 and the third shoe slope 6c of the first friction shoe 6 and the sixth shoe slope 7c of the second friction shoe 7 are arranged at a third predetermined angle γ relative to the main axis 4 of the housing 1, and the third predetermined angle γ is about 75±5°, preferably 75°.

[0036] The compression element has projections that interact with the projections of each U-shaped friction plate and is designed to return the U-shaped friction plates to their initial position after each stress or force affecting the damping unit.

[0037] The inner horizontal surface of the compression element 15, the compression element horizontal surface 20, is made in one piece and is generally flat, with the possibility of interaction with the dynamic load absorber 16, which is composed of an elastic element unit 45 formed by two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 mounted between the two plates 18. In addition, each plate 18 is made with a first hole 49 in its center, in which the guide pin 14 of the guide element mounted in the closed end 2 of the housing 1 is located.

[0038] The compression element 15 is formed with a second hole 21, which is coaxially located on the main axis of the housing and is designed to center the dynamic load absorber 16 relative to the main axis of the housing by mounting a part of the guide pin 14 in the second hole 21. The dynamic load absorber 16 includes an elastic element unit 45, which is formed by two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 mounted between the two plates 18 and the guide pin 14.

[0039] In a preferred variant, the housing 1 has U-shaped projections 26 on the inner surface of the open end 3 of the housing 1. Furthermore, each U-shaped projection 26 has a flat or concave first lower surface 27. The friction wedge 5 is provided with a support arm 28, which is provided with a flat or convex support arm upper surface 29 and a support arm lower projection 30. The compression element is provided with a second groove 31. The support arm lower projection 30 of the support arm 28 of the friction wedge 5 is thereby located in the second groove 31 of the compression element 15 with a process clearance, thereby providing additional mutual positioning of the friction wedge 5 relative to the compression element 15 and preventing accidental disassembly of the damping unit.

[0040] In a preferred variant, the dynamic load absorber 16 is an elastic element unit 45, which is formed by two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 mounted between them, the elastomeric element 17 being made of a thermoplastic polyester elastomer material. Furthermore, each plate 18 of the elastic element unit 45 is mounted concentrically on the guide pin 14. Each elastomeric element 17 is made with a central hole and has a substantially cylindrical shape. The elastomeric elements 17 are located at the closed end 2 of the housing so that their holes are located on the main axis of the housing. Each plate 18 of each elastic element unit 45 is made with a third protrusion 46, so that the third protrusion 46 of the plate 18 interacts with a fourth upper surface 47 and a fourth lower surface 48 of the elastomeric element and provides a relative positioning of the respective plate 18 and the elastomeric element 17. In addition, as shown in the figure, each plate 18 of the elastic element unit 45 is formed with a central hole first hole 49 located on the main axis of the body to form a central tubular channel hole 22 passing through all the plates 18 arranged along the main axis, and allowing the elastomeric element 17 and the plate 18 to be centered relative to the main axis and the guide pin 14 by positioning a portion of the guide pin 14 in the central tubular channel hole 22.

[0041] On the horizontal inner surface of the closed end 2 of the shell, a conical or cylindrical groove first shell groove 23 is formed, which is located on the main axis of the shell and is intended to center the guide pin 14 relative to the main axis of the shell by installing the head 24 of the guide pin 14 in the first shell groove 23 and pressing and fixing it by the lower plate 18.

[0042] In a preferred variation, the first baffle 8 and the second baffle 9 are formed with a first lateral protrusion 32 and a second lateral protrusion 33 on opposite sides of the lower portion. In addition, the first lateral protrusion 32 and the second lateral protrusion 33 of the first baffle 8 and the second baffle 9 are each formed with a horizontal plane or convex second lower surface 34, a horizontal plane or convex second upper surface 35, and a vertical second side surface 36. The housing is formed with C-shaped protrusions 37 facing opposite directions arranged on opposite sides of the lower portion. Each C-shaped protrusion 37 has a horizontal plane or concave third lower surface 38, a horizontal plane or concave third upper surface 39, and a vertical third side surface 40. In addition, each first lateral protrusion 32 and second lateral protrusion 33 of each first baffle 8 and second baffle 9 is located in the corresponding C-shaped protrusion 37 on opposite sides of the lower part of the housing 1, so that the third lower surface 38 of the horizontal plane or convex surface of each C-shaped protrusion 37 of the lower part of the housing 1 interacts with the lower surface of the horizontal plane or convex surface of the corresponding first lateral protrusion 32 and second lateral protrusion 33 of the first baffle 8 and second baffle 9. The third upper surface 39 of the horizontal plane or concave surface of each C-shaped protrusion 37 of the lower part of the housing 1 is arranged to have a process gap with the second upper surface 35 of the horizontal plane or convex surface of the corresponding first lateral protrusion 32 and second lateral protrusion 33 of the first baffle 8 and second baffle 9. The third vertical side surface 40 of each C-shaped protrusion 37 of the lower part of the housing 1 is arranged to have a process gap with the vertical second side surface 36 of the corresponding first lateral protrusion 32 and second lateral protrusion 33 of the first baffle 8 and second baffle 9.

[0043] The compression element 15 has four first protrusions 41, wherein each first protrusion 41 has an upper surface 42. The first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 have lateral second protrusions 43, and furthermore, each second protrusion 43 has a lower surface 44. In the assembled state of the unit, the lower surfaces 44 of the second protrusions 43 of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 interact with the upper surfaces 42 of the corresponding first protrusions 41 of the compression element 15. During compression of the unit, a process gap is formed between the upper surfaces 42 of the first protrusions 41 of the compression element 15 and the lower surfaces 44 of the second protrusions 43 of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11. When the unit returns to its initial working position, the process gap between the upper surface 42 of the first protrusion 41 of the compression element 15 and the lower surface 44 of the second protrusion 43 of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 is closed, and the lower surface 44 of the second protrusion 43 of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 contacts and interacts with the upper surface 42 of the first protrusion 41 of the compression element 15 until the unit returns to its initial working position.

[0044] By such production and arrangement of all structural elements included in the elastic system and the friction system, it is possible to ensure that the working stroke of the damping unit during the operation of the published device is 110 mm to 120 mm. This in turn allows us to ensure compliance with the technical requirements for damping units of railway rolling stock coupling (automatic coupling) devices adopted in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, and to increase energy intensity by increasing the friction surface area, while also achieving the above-mentioned technical effects.

[0045] Assembly sequence of the shock absorber unit.

[0046] The dynamic load absorber 16 including the elastic element unit 45 composed of two plates 18 and the elastomeric element 17 installed between them is mounted on the guide pin 14 having the head 24. Then the dynamic load absorber 16 including the elastic element unit 45 composed of two plates 18 and the elastomeric element 17 installed between them and the guide pin 14 are installed in the closed end 2 of the housing 1 together with the guide pin 14, wherein the head 24 of the guide pin 14 is installed into the first housing groove 23. The compression element 15 is installed on top of the dynamic load absorber 16 including the elastic element unit 45 composed of two plates 18 and the elastomeric element 17 installed between them. By applying pressure on the compression element 15, the dynamic load absorber 16 including the elastic element unit 45 composed of two plates 18 and the elastomeric element 17 installed between them is pressed into a position fixed by the device inserted into the front hole of the housing 1. Moreover, the friction wedge 5 is lowered to a position rotated about the main axis 4 in the housing 1 relative to the working position, so that a part of the guide pin 14 of the guide element is located in the hole of the friction wedge 5, and the support arm 28 of the friction wedge 5 is located below the upper end of the U-shaped protrusion 26 on the inner surface of the open end 3 of the housing 1. Further, the friction wedge 5 is rotated and set to its initial position, so that the flat or convex support arm upper surface 29 of the support arm 28 of the friction wedge 5 contacts the flat or convex first lower surface 27 of the upper end of the U-shaped protrusion 26 on the inner surface of the open end 3 of the housing 1. Then, the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 are installed simultaneously. Then, the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 are installed. Then, the first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 are installed and fixed in the groove of the side wall of the housing 1. Then, the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 are mounted so that the second lateral projections 33 of the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 are in contact with the separated projections of the compression element 15. With the pressure acting on the friction wedge 5, which acts on the entire friction system, the dynamic load absorber 16, which includes the elastic element unit 45 consisting of two plates 18 and the elastomeric element 17 installed between them, is compressed to a position in which the device is removed. Then, the load from the pressure side is removed from the friction wedge 5. All components of the damping unit are restored to their initial working positions. At the same time, the support arm lower projection 30 of the support arm 28 of the friction wedge 5 is located in the second groove 31 of the compression element 15 with a process clearance, thereby providing additional mutual positioning of the friction wedge 5 relative to the compression element 15 and preventing accidental disassembly of the damping unit.

[0047] The working principle of the shock absorbing unit is as follows.

[0048] When a dynamic impact load acts on the friction wedge 5, the force is transferred to the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7, the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9, generating friction forces on the paired friction surfaces: the friction wedge 5 and the first friction shoe 6 (the second friction shoe 7). The first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 transfer the force from the friction wedge 5 to the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9, and the compression element 15, respectively. The first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 transfer the force from the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 to the first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11, respectively. The first U-shaped friction plate 10 and the second U-shaped friction plate 11 transfer the force from the first baffle plate 8 and the second baffle plate 9 to the first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13, respectively. The first wear-resistant pad 12 and the second wear-resistant pad 13 are installed in the groove of the side wall of the housing 1 and are stationary relative to it.

[0049] At the same time, the force from the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 affects the compression element 15, generating friction force at the contact point of the friction surface. The compression element 15 transfers the force from the first friction shoe 6 and the second friction shoe 7 to the dynamic load absorber 16, which includes an elastic element unit 45 formed by two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 installed between them, mounted on the closed end 2 of the housing without axial offset and with a supporting contact surface. On top of the dynamic load absorber 16 including the elastic element unit 45 composed of two plates 18 and an elastomeric element 17 installed between them, the compression element 15 is installed.

Claims

1. A shock absorbing unit, comprising a hollow shell having a closed end and an opposite open end, a main axis passing through the shell, an elastic system located at the lower part of the shell, and a friction system located at the open end of the shell, the friction system comprising the following components: a friction wedge located on the main axis of the shell, one end of which extends from the shell and the second end is located at the top of the open end of the shell, the friction wedge having a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface; first and second friction shoes located on both sides of the friction wedge, each of the friction shoes having a first, a second and a third inclined surface; wherein, The first inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the second inclined surface of the friction wedge interacts with the first inclined surface of the second friction shoe; in addition, the first inclined surface of the friction wedge, the second inclined surface and the first inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a first predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the shell; the first and second baffles, the first baffle is located on the side of the first friction shoe, and the second baffle is located on the side of the second friction shoe; each baffle has an inclined surface; and the inclined surface of the first baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the first friction shoe, and the inclined surface of the second baffle interacts with the second inclined surface of the second friction shoe; in addition, the inclined surface of each baffle and the second inclined surface of each friction shoe are arranged at a second predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the shell; the first U-shaped friction a first U-shaped friction plate and a second U-shaped friction plate, the first U-shaped friction plate being located on the side of the first baffle plate and the second U-shaped friction plate being located on the side of the second baffle plate; a first and a second wear resistant liner, the first wear resistant liner being located on the side of the first U-shaped friction plate and the second wear resistant liner being located on the side of the second U-shaped friction plate and fixed in a groove in the side wall of the housing; a compression element having first and second inclined surfaces, the first and second inclined surfaces being located on a protrusion of the compression element, each inclined surface interacting with a third inclined surface of a corresponding friction shoe; and the first and second inclined surfaces of the compression element and the third inclined surface of each friction shoe being arranged at a third predetermined angle relative to the main axis of the housing; an elastic system consisting of a dynamic load absorber located on a guide pin at a closed end of the housing; The compression element is formed with a flat horizontal inner surface capable of interacting with a dynamic load absorber located at the closed end of the housing; moreover, in the center of the compression element, there is a hole aligned with the main axis of the housing, for centering it relative to the main axis by placing a part of a guide pin arranged along the main axis of the housing therein; the dynamic load absorber is formed by an elastomeric element unit placed on the guide pin perpendicular to the main axis of the housing, characterized in that each elastic element is formed by two plates and an elastomeric element mounted between them; moreover, each plate of each elastomeric element is formed with a projection in such a way that The plate projections interact with the upper and lower surfaces of the elastomeric element and provide relative positioning of the respective plates and the elastomeric element; each plate is centrally formed with a hole aligned with the main axis of the housing for centering relative to the main axis of the housing by placing a portion of the guide pin therein; the friction wedges are formed with support arms, each support arm having a flat or concave surface with a lower projection, and the compression element is formed with a groove and is placed in such a way that the lower projection of the support arm of the friction wedge is located in the groove of the compression element with a process clearance to ensure mutual positioning of the friction wedge relative to the compression element and prevent accidental disassembly of the damping device; The baffle is made with lateral protrusions on the lower part of the opposite sides; moreover, each lateral protrusion of the baffle is made with a horizontal flat or concave lower surface, a horizontal flat or concave upper surface, and a vertical side surface; the shell is made with U-shaped protrusions located on the inner surfaces opposite to the open end of the shell and C-shaped protrusions facing in opposite directions located on the opposite sides of the lower part; moreover, each U-shaped protrusion is made with a flat or concave lower surface so as to be able to interact with the corresponding surface of the support arm of the friction wedge; each C-shaped protrusion has a horizontal flat or concave lower surface, a horizontal flat or concave upper surface and a vertical side surface; in addition, each lateral protrusion of each baffle is located in the corresponding C-shaped protrusions on the opposite sides of the lower part of the shell, so that the horizontal flat or concave lower surface of each C-shaped protrusion of the lower part of the shell is in contact with the corresponding C-shaped protrusion of the baffle. The horizontal plane or convex lower surface of the lateral protrusion should interact with each other; the horizontal plane or concave upper surface of each C-shaped protrusion on the lower part of the shell has a process gap with the horizontal plane or convex upper surface of the corresponding lateral protrusion of the baffle; the vertical side surface of each C-shaped protrusion on the lower part of the shell is arranged to have a process gap with the vertical side surface of the corresponding lateral protrusion of the baffle; the guide pin is made with a head, and has a conical or cylindrical groove located on the main axis of the shell on the horizontal inner surface of the closed end of the shell, and is designed to be used for centering the guide pin relative to the main axis of the shell by installing the head of the guide pin in the groove and being pressed and fixed by the lower plate of the lower elastic element; wherein all structural elements of the friction system and the elastic system are manufactured and placed in such a way that the working stroke of the unit is 110 mm to 120 mm.

2. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first predetermined angle is 45±5°, the second predetermined angle is 4±3°, and the third predetermined angle is 75±5°.

3. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wear pads are equipped with lubricating pads.

4. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lubricating pad is installed from the side of the U-shaped friction plate.

5. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a lubricating pad.

6. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lubricating pad is installed from the side of the U-shaped friction plate.

7. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lubricating pad is installed from the side of the U-shaped friction shoe.

8. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plate protrusion of the elastic element is formed in a cylindrical shape.

9. The shock absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plate protrusions of the elastic element are formed into sharp pointed teeth.

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