Thermal conditioning of preforms and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat conditioning device (2) for preforms (1), comprising a heating module (3) provided with a housing (4) having a transport space (40) for transporting preforms (1), heating means (5) and cooling means (6) oriented towards the space (40), actuating means (9) for actuating the heating and cooling means (5, 6), the cooling means comprising circulation means (7) for circulating an air flow at a nominal flow rate determined by the actuating means (9), a channel (8) between the circulation means (7) and the housing (4) and leading to the space (40), characterized in that the heat conditioning device comprises actual flow rate measuring means (10) along the channel (7) and regulating means (11) for regulating the nominal flow rate with respect to the actual flow rate by controlling the actuating means (9). The invention also relates to a corresponding heat conditioning method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of manufacturing plastic material containers, which are obtained by transforming preforms through a blow molding process.

[0002] Preferably, but not limitingly, the plastic material may be PET (an abbreviation for "polytéréphtalate d'éthylèhe"). Background Technology

[0003] The container is in the form of a narrow-necked bottle or flask and is made of rigid or semi-rigid plastic material. This container is intended for use in a non-exhaustive manner as a container for fluids, liquids, powders, or granules, especially for agricultural or food products, cosmetics, or similar fluids, liquids, powders, or granules intended for maintenance or personal hygiene.

[0004] As is well known, in industrial production lines, containers can undergo several different sequential processes: from manufacturing containers through blow molding or stretch blow molding operations, especially through filling, sealing with caps, labeling products by unit, to packaging multiple containers in batches. After these processes are completed, the product is referred to as a "finished product".

[0005] The present invention relates in particular to the steps of manufacturing such a container.

[0006] Plastic containers are manufactured by forming preforms. A preform consists of a body to be formed, upon which a final portion with a neck and flange is mounted. The preform generally takes the shape of a hollow cylinder, similar to a test tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the formation of the container requires a pressurized fluid, specifically air, which is blown into the interior of a preform that has been preheated and placed in a mold, in order to apply plastic deformation according to the shape of the mold until the desired container is obtained. Heating of the preform must be carried out through a thermal conditioning operation until a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the constituent materials, particularly the body material, is achieved.

[0008] The present invention specifically relates to this thermal conditioning of preforms.

[0009] This heat treatment is performed using a specialized device commonly referred to as a "furnace." Such a furnace typically comprises several independent heating modules, arranged one after another to form a tunnel along which the preform is transported for heating. Each module thus includes a housing for transporting the preform and at least one heating element for heating the housing and the preform passing through it from the outside. Such heating elements can be of any type, particularly radiative types, such as infrared radiation. The heating element can include a lamp on one side, with a reflector located opposite the lamp, thereby ensuring that radiation is distributed over the entire circumference of the preform body to be heated. To ensure heat distribution throughout its circumference, the preforms are typically rotated around themselves during transport within the housing.

[0010] More precisely, the ideal goal is to achieve a temperature gradient within the walls of the preform, such that the temperature of the inner surface is higher than that of the outer surface. To this end, the exterior of the preform must be cooled in a controlled manner as it passes through the housing. Therefore, each module includes a cooling component for the housing, directed towards the preform being transported within it. This cooling is achieved by circulating a stream of air drawn from and filtered from outside the device at ambient temperature. Furthermore, airflow is controlled by manipulating a blower equipped with the circulation component.

[0011] Document EP 2392442 describes an example of a heat regulation device, in which heat regulation is specifically achieved by controlling the blowers through a speed controller capable of managing the blower speed. Thus, the rated flow rate of each blower and each airflow used to cool the interior of the housing during the transfer of the preform within the housing can be controlled. In this case, the problem lies in controlling the rated flow rate of the cooling airflow, which must be very precise. In particular, blowers may become inefficient over time and with continued operation. Similarly, filters may become clogged. This results in the rated flow rate of the airflow generated by each blower not meeting requirements, leading to periodic defects observed at the equipment outlet in the containers after blow molding. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The object of this invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by proposing a method that allows for more precise control of the rated flow rate of the airflow by examining the actual flow rate within the channel located between the circulation component and the housing. Therefore, in cases where a discrepancy arises due to the difference between the theoretically controlled flow rate and the measured actual flow rate, the control of the blower can be adjusted to correct for this potential difference.

[0013] For this purpose, the heat treatment device for the preform includes at least one heating module, which is provided with:

[0014] - Housing, defining at least one transfer space for transferring the preform;

[0015] - At least one heating element, oriented toward the transmission space;

[0016] - At least one cooling component oriented toward the transmission space;

[0017] - At least one control component for controlling at least the heating component and the cooling component;

[0018] The cooling component includes:

[0019] - At least one circulation component for circulating the airflow at a rated flow rate;

[0020] The rated flow rate is determined by a control member that controls the at least one circulation member;

[0021] - At least one channel extends from the circulation member to the housing and leads to the transmission space;

[0022] The feature is that the thermal regulation device includes at least:

[0023] - At least one measuring element, along the channel, for measuring at least one component of the actual flow rate of the airflow;

[0024] - An adjustment component for adjusting the rated flow rate relative to the actual flow rate by controlling the control component of the circulation component.

[0025] According to additional non-limiting features, the measuring element can be an airflow velocity sensor, especially an anemometer, such as a pitot tube or hot wire anemometer.

[0026] The measuring component can be located in the central section of the channel length.

[0027] The cooling component may include at least a first channel leading to a first portion of the transmission space and a second channel leading to a second portion of the housing; the circulation component includes a first blower component that allows a first airflow to flow into the first channel at a first rated flow rate and a second blower component that allows a second airflow to flow into the second channel at a second rated flow rate.

[0028] Furthermore, the measuring component can be positioned along the first channel;

[0029] -The regulating component controls the first control component of the first blower component.

[0030] The thermal regulation device may include:

[0031] - A second measuring component, positioned along the second channel;

[0032] - A second regulating member is used to regulate the second rated flow relative to the second actual flow by controlling the operating member that manipulates the second blower member.

[0033] The present invention also relates to a heat conditioning method for a heat-conditioned preform, the preform comprising at least a body, wherein at least:

[0034] -Transfer preforms within the transfer space;

[0035] - Heating the preform as it passes through the transport space;

[0036] - The body of at least the preform is cooled by allowing at least one stream of air to flow from the circulation member to the housing at a rated flow rate;

[0037] - The rated flow rate of the airflow is controlled by manipulating the circulation component;

[0038] The characteristic feature is that the thermal conditioning method includes at least the following steps:

[0039] -Measure at least one component of the actual flow rate of the airflow between the housing and the circulation component;

[0040] - The control of the circulation component is adjusted relative to at least one component of the measured actual flow rate.

[0041] Based on additional non-limiting features, at least one component of the actual flow rate can be measured by detecting the airflow velocity.

[0042] Furthermore, the present invention also allows for the detection of any malfunctions in the circulation components, such as blower aging or filter blockage, so as to issue a warning and thus perform appropriate maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0044] Figure 1 A simplified side view of the preform is shown schematically;

[0045] Figure 2 A simplified view of the preform heat treatment furnace along its horizontal mid-section is schematically shown, particularly illustrating the transfer of the preform within a housing consisting of several adjacent heating modules;

[0046] Figure 3 A simplified view along the central section of a general embodiment of a detail of the regulating device is schematically shown, particularly illustrating a single channel connecting the airflow circulation component and the device housing, with the airflow rate measured near the channel outlet;

[0047] Figure 4 It schematically shows something similar to Figure 3 A view of the second embodiment, particularly showing two different channels with their respective blower components, wherein the actual flow rate of the airflow is measured at the center of one of the channels; and

[0048] Figure 5 It schematically shows something similar to Figure 3 The third embodiment is shown in particular, with two different channels having their own blower components, and the actual flow rate of the airflow in each of the channels is measured. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention relates to the heat treatment of a preform 1 in the context of manufacturing a plastic material container, which is obtained by transforming the preform 1 through a stretch blow molding operation.

[0050] Preferably, but not limitingly, the plastic material can be of any type, but PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is preferred.

[0051] The container is in the form of a narrow-necked bottle or flask and is made of rigid or semi-rigid plastic material. This container is intended for use in a non-exhaustive manner as a container for fluids, liquids, powders, or granules, especially for agricultural or food products, cosmetics, or similar fluids, liquids, powders, or granules intended for maintenance or personal hygiene.

[0052] Such containers can undergo several different sequential processes, including manufacturing containers from preform 1 through blow molding or stretch blow molding operations, particularly through filling, capping, labeling products by unit, and packaging multiple containers in batches. In particular, blow molding or stretch blow molding operations involve pre-heat conditioning of the preform 1.

[0053] Therefore, the present invention first relates to a heat conditioning device 2 for heat conditioning preform 1, hereinafter referred to as "device 2".

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The preform 1 includes a body 100 for forming during blow molding or stretch blow molding. The body 100 includes a closed bottom 104, and on the side opposite the bottom 104, a final portion having a neck 101 and a flange 102 is disposed on the body. Furthermore, the neck 101 may include external threads 103 for engaging with complementary internal threads disposed within a plug element that plugs the future container. The preform 1 is generally shaped like a hollow cylinder resembling a test tube.

[0055] For the sake of readability of the attached diagrams, Figures 2 to 5 Only preform 1 is indicated in the text.

[0056] Device 2 includes at least one heating module 3. Preferably, as shown in the figure... Figure 2 As shown, the device 2 includes several heating modules 3 connected to each other, thus defining a tunnel-type furnace 30. Such a furnace 30 ensures heating of the preform 1 passing through the modules 3 of the furnace via a suitable conveying member, particularly in the form of a chain 31. The chain 31 includes a mandrel 32 designed to rotate, forming a support for receiving the preform 1, particularly by holding it at the inner wall of the preform neck 101. Such a mandrel 32 is commonly referred to as a "rotator". Therefore, the preform 1 held on each mandrel 32 rotates as it is conveyed within the furnace 30, thereby ensuring even heating distribution around each preform 1. The chain 31 passes through the furnace 30 along a path, an example of which is shown in… Figure 2 As shown, the path specifically includes the outbound and return sections passing through different heating modules 3.

[0057] In this way, each heating module 3 allows the preform 1 to be heated according to specific and configurable features.

[0058] For this purpose, each heating module 3 is provided with a housing 4 that defines at least one transmission space 40 for transmitting the preform 1.

[0059] Therefore, this transport space 40 is traversed by the chain 31 that carries the preform 1.

[0060] According to one possible configuration, such as Figure 3 As shown, the preform 1 is transported vertically or substantially vertically with its neck 101 oriented upwards. According to another possible configuration, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the preform 1 is transported vertically or substantially vertically with its neck 101 oriented downwards.

[0061] Each heating module 3 also includes at least one heating element 5 oriented toward the transport space 40. The heating element 5 allows for convection heating of the interior of the space 40 and objects within the space, particularly the transported preform 1. The heating element also allows for heating of the inner wall of the housing 4, as well as the chain 31 and the chain spindle 32.

[0062] Heating element 5 can be of any type.

[0063] Preferably, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the heating element 5 can include a heat-radiating element such as a lamp 50, for example, an infrared lamp. These lamps 50 can be located on the inner wall of the housing 4.

[0064] Preferably, the lamp 50 can be located only on the right or left side of the housing 4 relative to the transport direction of the preform 1 to heat the preform. These laterally positioned lamps 50 particularly allow heating of the preform 1 at the body 100 of the preform.

[0065] Furthermore, on the lateral opposite side to the lamp 50, the heating member 5 may include reflectors 51 that can reflect back a portion of the heat emitted by the lamp 50.

[0066] The lamp 50 can also be arranged at the lower or upper part of the housing 4, opposite to the bottom 104 of the main body 100 of the preform 1.

[0067] Each heating module 3 also includes at least one cooling member 6 oriented toward the transmission space 40. This cooling allows for the avoidance of harmful temperature rises under heating, particularly of the preform 1, but also of the aforementioned objects. Furthermore, it is necessary to cool the mandrel 32 to prevent any expansion that could deform the neck 101 when engaged with the preform 1, or to cool the mandrel before engaging the preform 1 to prevent such engagement from being impossible.

[0068] Therefore, the cooling component 6 includes at least one circulation component 7 for circulating airflow.

[0069] It will be noted that air is preferably drawn from outside the device 2 at room temperature, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown in the image. The extracted air can be filtered.

[0070] Furthermore, the cooling component 6 includes at least one channel 8. Such a channel 8 is commonly referred to as a "veine". The channel 8 extends from the circulation component 7 to the housing 4 and leads to the transmission space 40.

[0071] Specifically, the channel 8 can be connected to the housing 4 at the reflector 51 through a suitable opening provided between the reflectors 51.

[0072] Therefore, the airflow flows along the channel 8 within the channel to blow fresh air toward the housing 4 and toward the preform 1 being transported in the housing, especially toward the body 100 of the preform.

[0073] Airflow circulation Figures 3 to 5 Highlighted with an arrow.

[0074] In this way, at least one airflow is generated under the action of the at least one circulation member 7. Therefore, the airflow rate varies according to the operating value of the circulation member 7.

[0075] Within the meaning of this invention, flow rate corresponds to "volume flow rate".

[0076] Therefore, the so-called "rated flow rate" is determined based on the operating values ​​of the circulation component 7. These operating values ​​can be modified by the control component 9 that controls the circulation component 7. Therefore, the rated flow rate can be increased or decreased by changing the control of the circulation component 7.

[0077] Thus, according to one embodiment, the circulation component 7 includes at least one blower, which is specifically equipped with a speed regulator. The control component 9 is then able to manage the speed regulator, thereby changing the speed of the blower and thus affecting the rated flow rate of the airflow in the circulation.

[0078] In summary, the control component 9 of the circulation component 7 allows the determination of the rated flow rate.

[0079] However, as mentioned earlier, such rated flow is only hypothetical and depends on various components of device 2, such as the clogging status of the filter and the good operating condition of the blower.

[0080] Therefore, this rated flow rate may fluctuate over time.

[0081] To compensate for possible observed fluctuations, this invention proposes to monitor the rated flow rate status.

[0082] For this purpose, the device 2 includes at least one measuring element 10 along the at least one channel 8 for measuring at least one component of the actual flow rate of the airflow. In short, the invention proposes measuring within the channel 8 whether the actual flow rate precisely corresponds to the rated flow rate of the airflow generated by the circulation element 7. This allows adjustment of the operation of the circulation element 7 to compensate for measured discrepancies or improve cooling conditions.

[0083] Therefore, the device 2 also includes an adjustment member 11 for adjusting the rated flow rate relative to the actual flow rate by controlling the control member 9 of the circulation member 7. In short, controlling the control of the circulation member 7, such as controlling the intensity of the speed governor of each blower, so that the actual flow rate is as close as possible to the theoretically required flow rate for optimal cooling relative to the heating of the preform, based on characteristics related to the manufacturing process. In short, by knowing the actual flow rate of the airflow, the setpoint can be adjusted to remain within the prerequisites for container manufacturing.

[0084] It will be noted that each heating module 3 includes at least one control member 9 for controlling at least the heating member 5 and the cooling member 6. The control member 9 allows for the management of the operation of the circulation member 7 of the cooling member 6.

[0085] Furthermore, the control component 9 can be of any type, in the form of an electronic component, such as a speed controller or switch electrically connected to the blower. The control component 9 can also be software running on a computer terminal, loaded within the device 2, or remotely externally located, particularly at the central unit.

[0086] Furthermore, the measuring element 10 can be located along the entire length of the channel 8. The measuring element 10 allows for the detection of airflow-related characteristics within the channel 8, such as the actual airflow rate.

[0087] According to a preferred embodiment, the measuring member 10 is located at a central section 12 of the length of the channel 8. Thus, the measuring member 10 can be located in this section 12, away from both the circulation member 7 and the outlet of the channel 8 leading to the housing 4, particularly at the reflector 51. This specific positioning particularly allows for the prevention of interference from turbulence near the blower or heating of the housing 4 in the measurement of the actual flow rate. By positioning the measuring member 10 along section 12 of the channel 8, measurements of the airflow can be obtained regularly or approximately regularly, or substantially constantly over time. In short, the measuring member 10 is located at a selected location in the channel 8 where the airflow is stabilized and as uniform as possible. Therefore, this selected location depends on the inherent configuration of the channel 8.

[0088] As mentioned earlier, the actual flow rate measurement focuses on at least one component of the airflow circulating in channel 8. It is based on this component that the actual flow rate of the airflow is obtained, either directly or through calculation.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the measuring component 10 is an airflow velocity sensor. The measured component is velocity.

[0090] Such a sensor could be an anemometer. This anemometer can include a rotating component, such as a propeller-type, a so-called "Robinson cup" type, or a so-called "Byram" windmill type anemometer. The anemometer can also be ultrasonic or laser type.

[0091] Preferably, the anemometer can be a hot-wire type.

[0092] According to another embodiment, the measuring component 10 is an airflow pressure sensor, thus similar to a pressure gauge. The measured airflow component is pressure.

[0093] Such sensors are plate-type, ball-type, or so-called "Dines" tube-type anemometers.

[0094] Preferably, the anemometer is a so-called "pitot tube" anemometer or "pitot tube detector".

[0095] Other measuring components 10 can be added and envisioned, especially to obtain other practical information related to airflow, such as airflow density or temperature.

[0096] according to Figure 4 In the second embodiment shown, the cooling member 6 includes at least a first channel 80 leading to a first portion of the space 40 and a second channel 81 leading to a second portion of the housing 4. Specifically, the outlet of the first channel 80 is oriented toward the body 100 of the preform 1 being transported within the space 40 of the housing 4, while the outlet of the second channel 81 is oriented toward the neck 101 and mandrel 32 of the transported preform 1 (and vice versa). Therefore, the first channel 80 and the second channel 81 are separate, each dedicated to targeted cooling of the upper or lower portion of the housing 4, particularly the transport space 40.

[0097] Furthermore, the circulation component 7 includes a first blower component 70 that allows a first airflow to flow into the first channel 80 at a first rated flow rate and a second blower component 71 that allows a second airflow to flow into the second channel 81 at a second rated flow rate.

[0098] In this configuration, the present invention proposes to control the airflow rate of only one of the channels.

[0099] For this purpose, the measuring component 10 is positioned along the first channel 80.

[0100] In addition, the adjustment member 11 controls the first control member 90 that manipulates the first blower member 70.

[0101] Therefore, preferably, this embodiment proposes to install sensors and control the manipulation of the first blower component 70 in the first channel 80 leading to the body 100 of the preform 1 in order to modify and compensate for any such observed differences.

[0102] according to Figure 5 The third embodiment shown has a first channel 80 and a second channel 81. The device 2 includes a second measuring member 13 positioned along the second channel 81. At least one component of a second airflow circulating in the second channel 81, particularly for the neck 101 of the preform 1, can then be measured and controlled.

[0103] Therefore, the device 2 includes a second adjusting member 14, which is used to adjust the second rated flow relative to the second actual flow by controlling the second operating member 91 that operates the second blower member 71.

[0104] Therefore, this embodiment allows for independent control of the airflow along one or the other circulation of the first channel 80 and the second channel 81.

[0105] The present invention also relates to a method for heat conditioning a heat-conditioning preform 1, hereinafter referred to as the "method".

[0106] This method is particularly well-suited for use with the device 2 described above.

[0107] As previously stated, the preform 1 includes at least a body 100.

[0108] Typically, the preform 1 is transported within the transport space 40, particularly within the housing 4 of the heating module 3. Therefore, the preform 1 is heated as it passes through the space 40.

[0109] Simultaneously, the body 100 of at least the preform 1 is cooled by allowing at least one stream of air to flow from the circulation member 7 to the housing 4 at a rated flow rate.

[0110] Furthermore, the rated flow rate of the airflow is controlled by manipulating the circulation component 7. Specifically, the rated flow rate is determined by defining operating values ​​applied to the circulation component 7.

[0111] Advantageously, at least one component of the actual flow rate of the airflow between the housing 4 and the circulation member 7 is measured.

[0112] Therefore, based on the understanding of the actual flow rate, the control of the circulation member 7 is adjusted relative to at least one component of the measured actual flow rate.

[0113] As mentioned earlier, it can measure the speed or pressure of airflow.

[0114] Preferably, at least one component of the actual flow rate is measured by detecting the speed of the airflow.

[0115] Therefore, the control of the loop component 7 can be adjusted by direct operation or by properly converting the measured values, especially by converting the analog values ​​from the sensor into digital values ​​that can be processed, transmitted and recorded by appropriate computer components.

[0116] Therefore, this control allows the interpretation of control signals and their transmission to the cyclic component 7, so as to adjust the operation of the cyclic component in real time to approximate the theoretical constraints required by the manufacturing method as closely as possible.

[0117] Therefore, the thermal regulation of the preform 1 according to the present invention allows for compensation for possible variations and identification of possible component failures, such as filter blockage or blower aging, by measuring the actual situation of the circulating cooling airflow.

[0118] This invention not only allows for the inspection of blower performance related to cooling, but also enables the identification of sources of pressure drop or interference between the upstream and downstream of channel 8.

[0119] Therefore, based on such observed faults, a notification can be issued to warn the operator or specific and appropriate maintenance can be scheduled. Thus, the present invention provides predictive characteristics and foresight in problem-solving by directly identifying and locating problems within the thermal regulation device 2.

[0120] In a related manner, the present invention allows for energy savings, particularly by optimizing the blower in a manner that most closely approximates the method of forming a container.

Claims

1. A thermal conditioning device (2) for thermal conditioning of a preform (1), comprising at least one heating module (3) provided with: - a housing (4) defining at least one transit space (40) for the transit of the preform (1); - at least one heating member (5) oriented towards the transit space (40); - at least one cooling member (6) oriented towards the transit space (40); - at least one actuation member (9) for actuating at least the heating member (5) and the cooling member (6); said cooling member (6) comprising: - at least one circulation member (7) for circulating an air flow at a nominal flow rate; said nominal flow rate being determined by the actuation member (9) actuating said at least one circulation member (7); - at least one channel (8) extending from said circulation member (7) to said housing (4) and opening into said transit space (40); characterized in that it comprises at least: - at least one measuring member (10) along said channel (8) for measuring at least one component of the actual flow rate of said air flow; - an adjustment member (11) for adjusting said nominal flow rate with respect to said actual flow rate by controlling the actuation member (9) actuating the circulation member (7).

2. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that: - said measuring member (10) is an air flow speed sensor.

3. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - said measuring member (10) is located at a central section (12) of the length of the channel (8).

4. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that: - said cooling member (6) comprises at least a first channel (80) opening into a first portion of the transit space (40) and a second channel (81) opening into a second portion of the housing (4); - said circulation member (7) comprises a first air blowing member (70) for circulating a first air flow at a first nominal flow rate towards said first channel (80) and a second air blowing member (71) for circulating a second air flow at a second nominal flow rate towards said second channel (81); and, - said measuring member (10) is positioned along said first channel (80); - said adjustment member (11) controls a first actuation member (90) actuating the first air blowing member (70).

5. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that The thermal conditioning device comprises: - a second measuring member (13) positioned along said second channel (81); - a second adjustment member (14) for adjusting said second nominal flow rate with respect to a second actual flow rate by controlling an actuation member (91) actuating the second air blowing member (71).

6. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that said air flow speed sensor is an anemometer.

7. The thermal conditioning device (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that said anemometer is a Pitot tube or hot wire anemometer.

8. A thermal conditioning method for thermal conditioning of a preform (1), said preform (1) comprising at least a main body (100), wherein at least: - the preform (1) is transited within a transit space (40); - the preform (1) is heated while it crosses said transit space (40). - cooling at least the body (100) of the preform (1) by circulating at least one air flow at a nominal flow rate from the circulation member (7) to the housing (4); - controlling the nominal flow rate of the air flow by manipulating the circulation member (7); characterized in that The thermal regulation method comprises at least the following steps: - measuring at least one component of the actual flow rate of the air flow between the housing (4) and the circulation member (7); - adjusting the manipulation of the circulation member (7) with respect to the measured at least one component of the actual flow rate.

9. The thermal regulation method according to claim 8, characterized in that - the at least one component of the actual flow rate is measured by detecting the air flow speed.

Images