A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and device for rapidly and comprehensively evaluating the performance of tunnel muck used for manufactured sand, comprising the following steps: 1) Specimen preparation: Using a vibration device (1), a temperature control device (3), and a weighing device (10) to rapidly obtain dried and saturated surface-dry specimens. 2) Apparent density and water absorption test: Measuring the mass of water discharged by a known mass of saturated surface-dry specimens and heating to obtain the mass of the dried specimens. 3) Crushing index and softening coefficient test: Pressurizing, automatically screening, and weighing the dried and saturated surface-dry specimens respectively. 4) Soundness test: Realizing the rapid test of soundness based on temperature control, automatic screening, and weighing. 5) Automatic data acquisition and processing: Automatically acquiring and processing the above data. The evaluation method and device proposed by the present invention can simultaneously and rapidly test the physical and mechanical properties and durability of muck, solve the problems such as long test cycle and single test result of muck performance, and are applicable to the rapid evaluation of manufactured sand parent rocks such as muck, pebbles / gravels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a method and device for rapidly and comprehensively evaluating the performance of tunnel muck used for manufactured sand and gravel. Background Art

[0002] However, different from the parent rock mine, large performance fluctuations are one of the significant characteristics of tunnel muck as the parent rock for preparing manufactured sand and gravel, and also the main reason restricting its popularization and application. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of the quality of manufactured sand, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the tunnel muck parent rock.

[0003] "Construction Crushed Stones and Pebbles" (GB / T 14685-2011) proposes tests such as the saturated compressive strength test, apparent density, water absorption rate, and soundness of crushed stones. However, these methods have a long test cycle and are not suitable for on-site detection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel. The invention patent CN111596030A, "A Rapid Evaluation Method for the Performance of Tunnel Muck Suitable for Preparing Manufactured Aggregates", uses the crushing index to evaluate the mechanical properties of tunnel muck within the same potential energy range, but the test accuracy is relatively low; the invention patent CN111596029A, "A Rapid Evaluation Method for the Performance of Pebble Parent Rock Suitable for Manufactured Aggregates", proposes a specific rapid evaluation method for the mechanical properties of pebbles in different particle size ranges. For pebbles with a particle size greater than 100 mm, ultrasonic wave velocity testing is used, and for pebbles with a particle size between 9.5 mm and 19 mm, the crushing index is used for testing; the invention patent CN111650092A, "A Method and Device for Testing the Water Absorption Rate of Manufactured Sand", proposes using a water absorption rate testing device to test the water absorption rate of manufactured sand at different time intervals, and the water absorption rate of manufactured sand can be quickly evaluated based on the change in the water absorption rate; the invention patent CN110736675A, "A Device and Method for Determining the Saturated Surface Dry Water Absorption Rate of Sand and Gravel Aggregates", based on devices such as temperature and humidity control and automatic mass collection, can accurately determine the saturated surface dry state of sand, has a high degree of automation, is not affected by operators, and has a high accuracy of test results. The utility model patent "A Container for the Density and Water Absorption Rate Tests of Coarse Aggregates" CN206756623U discloses a container for the density and water absorption rate tests of coarse aggregates, aiming to provide a container for the density and water absorption rate tests of coarse aggregates, which has the advantage of reducing the discharge of aggregates with water during the pouring process after the aggregates are soaked in water. The key point of its technical solution is that the bottom of the shallow pan of the container is provided with mesh holes that block the discharge of coarse aggregates while facilitating the discharge of water. The utility model patent "A Device for Preparing Specimens for Determining the Crushing Index Value of Stones" CN208140453U discloses a device for preparing specimens for determining the crushing index value of stones, which solves the problem that the preparation of specimens for determining the crushing index value of stones is prone to errors in results. Its specimen preparation is more precise and has a high working efficiency. The test device disclosed in the utility model patent CN 206974840 U, "A Test Device for Automatically Determining the Soundness of Sand and Gravel with Stable Temperature Control", determines the soundness of sand and gravel aggregates more conveniently and accurately according to the soundness test process through an automatic control program. Through program automatic control, there is no need for manual operation during the period, and the test cycle of the soundness of sand and gravel can be completed only by relying on the equipment, avoiding the influence on the results caused by the discontinuity of the test process.

[0004] Although the above patents propose evaluation methods and devices for apparent density, water absorption rate, crushing index of the parent rock, ultrasonic velocity, crushing index, and soundness, etc., these evaluation methods and devices have problems such as long test cycles, single evaluation results, and difficulties in on-site testing, and cannot quickly reflect the comprehensive performance of tunnel slag as the parent rock of manufactured sand and gravel. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a method and device for quickly and comprehensively evaluating the performance of tunnel slag for manufactured sand and gravel, which has the advantages of simple and fast method, high degree of automation, comprehensive performance testing, high accuracy, and suitability for on-site use.

[0006] A method and device for quickly and comprehensively evaluating the performance of tunnel slag for manufactured sand and gravel, including the following steps: 1) Specimen preparation: Use a vibration device (1), a temperature control device (3), and a weighing device (10) to quickly obtain dried and saturated surface-dry specimens. 2) Apparent density and water absorption rate testing: Measure the mass of water discharged by the known-mass saturated surface-dry specimen and heat to obtain the mass of the dried specimen. 3) Crushing index and softening coefficient testing: Apply pressure, automatically screen, and weigh the dried and saturated surface-dry specimens respectively. 4) Soundness testing: Realize the rapid testing of soundness based on temperature control, automatic screening, and weighing. 5) Automatic data acquisition and processing: Automatically acquire and process the above data. The evaluation method and device proposed by the present invention can simultaneously and quickly test the physical and mechanical and durability performances of tunnel slag, solve the problems such as long test cycles and single test results of tunnel slag performance, and are applicable to the rapid evaluation of parent rocks of manufactured sand and gravel such as tunnel slag, pebbles / gravels.

[0007] A method and device for quickly and comprehensively evaluating the performance of tunnel slag for manufactured sand and gravel, and the specific steps of the step 1) Specimen preparation include the following steps:

[0008] Put the specimen into the circular mold (5), and use an automated system such as a temperature control device (3) and a weighing device (10) to dry the specimen to a constant weight to achieve rapid drying of the specimen. Take another specimen and put it into the circular mold (5), add water to the circular mold (5) so that the water surface is at least 50 mm higher than the specimen, then turn on the temperature control device (3). During the heating process, the water surface in the circular mold (5) should always be kept higher than the specimen surface. Boil the specimen in the circular mold (5) for 6 h using the temperature control device (3). After boiling, use the filter screen liner in the replaceable liner (4) to drain the water in the container, and vibrate and dehydrate using the vibration device (1) to achieve rapid saturation surface-dry of the specimen. Put the made saturated surface-dry and dried specimens into the constant temperature and humidity and dry specimen storage cabinets (12) in the instrument respectively for subsequent test use.

[0009] The replaceable liners used in step 1) include a filter screen liner, a solid liner, and a square-hole sieve liner. Among them, the filter screen liner mainly functions to let small particle samples flow out when draining water or solution from the circular mold (5). The solid liner is mainly used for the crushing index test of the sample, and the square-hole sieve liner is mainly used for the automatic screening test of particles. The aperture of the square-hole sieve liner can be one or several of 2.36 mm, 4.75 mm, 9.5 mm, 16.0 mm, 19.0 mm, 26.5 mm, and 31.5 mm.

[0010] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel. In step 1), the temperature control device (3) mainly consists of a heating resistance wire and a temperature sensor, and the weighing device (10) mainly consists of an electronic balance. The amplitude of the vibration device (1) can be one or several of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. The temperature control device (3), the weighing device (10), and the vibration device (1) are all connected to the automatic acquisition and processing device and are controlled by the automatic acquisition and processing device.

[0011] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel. The apparent density and water absorption test in step 2) specifically include the following steps:

[0012] Put a certain known mass of saturated surface-dry sample into the circular mold (5) filled with water, use the drainage method and the weighing device (10) to obtain the mass of the saturated surface-dry sample, and then use the temperature control device (3) and the weighing device (10) to quickly dry the sample, and obtain the mass of the dried sample through the weighing device (10).

[0013] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel. The crushing index test in step 3) specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] Put the dried and saturated surface-dry samples of the same mass into the circular mold (5) respectively, replace the replaceable liner (4) with a solid liner, and then use the vibration device (1) to vibrate to ensure that the sample is in a closely packed state, level the surface of the sample, cover the pressure head (8) and apply pressure up to 200 kN, and automatically screen and weigh the sample after pressurization.

[0015] Among them, the diameter of the pressure head (8) is 150 mm, the diameter of the circular mold (5) is 152 mm, and the automatic screening is achieved by replacing the replaceable liner (4) with a 2.36-mm square-hole sieve liner and vibrating through the vibration device (1).

[0016] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel. The softening coefficient in step 3) is mainly the ratio of the crushing index of the saturated surface-dry sample to the crushing index of the drying test. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0017] R = (Qb1 + Qb2 + Qb3) / (Qh1 + Qh2 + Qh3)

[0018] Wherein, R is the softening coefficient of tunnel muck, Qb1, Qb2, and Qb3 are the crushing indexes of the saturated surface-dry specimens in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd times, and Qh1, Qh2, and Qh3 are the crushing indexes of the dried specimens in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd times.

[0019] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used for manufactured sand and gravel. The step 4) of soundness test specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] Place a certain amount of dried specimens and saturated sodium sulfate solution in the circular mold (5), and accelerate the damage of the specimens by the sulfate solution based on temperature control. During the heating process, the temperature is controlled at 60 ± 5 °C and heated continuously for 10 h. Water should be added to ensure that the sodium sulfate liquid level always submerges the specimens during the test. After heating, recover the sodium sulfate solution, and then start to heat and dry the specimens by temperature control. The heating and drying time is 4 h, and the second cycle is carried out according to the above method. Starting from the second cycle, the heating and soaking time is 2 h, and the heating and drying time is 4 h. A total of 5 cycles are carried out to achieve rapid soaking and drying of the specimens. Finally, obtain the mass of the specimens lost through automatic screening and automatic weighing.

[0021] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used for manufactured sand and gravel. The step 5) of automatic data acquisition and processing specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Use the automatic acquisition and processing device (11) to automatically control the temperature control device (3), weighing device (10), and vibration device (1), and automatically read and process the quality parameters of the apparent density, water absorption, crushing index, softening coefficient, soundness, etc. of the specimens, and automatically collect and calculate the above data according to the built-in formula.

[0023] A rapid comprehensive evaluation method and device for the performance of tunnel muck used for manufactured sand and gravel. The thickness of the baffle (9) used in the steps 1) to 4) can be one or several of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. The material of the baffle can be one or several of copper, aluminum, iron, and steel. Its main function is to bear the weight of the samples in the circular mold (5) and not undergo obvious deformation, and at the same time prevent the samples from leaking when replacing the liner and prevent the moisture or liquid in the circular mold (5) from flowing out during the test.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. Can comprehensively reflect the physical, mechanical and durability properties of tunnel muck: The proposed method and device can simultaneously and quickly test five indicators, namely apparent density, water absorption rate, crushing index, softening coefficient and soundness. It can comprehensively reflect the physical and mechanical properties and durability performance indicators of tunnel muck, and overcome the problem of single test performance indicators.

[0026] 2. Based on probability statistics evaluation method to reduce the performance fluctuation of muck: An aggregate of muck specimens is composed of multiple samples. Based on the probability statistics evaluation method, the homogenization treatment of the fluctuating performance of muck can be realized, thus ensuring the authenticity and reliability of the test and evaluation results of muck.

[0027] 3. The test process is fast, convenient and highly automated: Through intelligent temperature control, automatic screening, automatic metering, and automatic data collection and calculation, the test process is simple, convenient and fast. Compared with the conventional method, it can save more than 3 days. In addition, based on the automatic acquisition and processing device, temperature control device, weighing device and vibration device, the automation and integration of the evaluation method and device are realized, reducing the influence of human error in the operation process.

[0028] 4. Suitable for on-site immediate evaluation after the tunnel muck is discharged: This method can conduct on-site immediate evaluation after the tunnel muck is discharged, which is suitable for on-site immediate evaluation, providing good support and guidance for the rapid sorting of muck, the good matching of the muck discharge volume and the concrete demand volume, and ensuring the project quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure: 1 - vibration device, 2 - solid base, 3 - temperature control device, 4 - replaceable lining, 5 - circular mold, 6 - fixed frame, 7 - handle, 8 - pressure head, 9 - baffle, 10 - weighing device, 11 - automatic acquisition and processing device, 12 - specimen storage cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through embodiments and in combination with the drawings.

[0032] Embodiment: 42 kg of granite, limestone, quartzite, basalt, tuff, gneiss and dolomite muck coarse aggregates with particle sizes of 4.75 mm to 19 mm are respectively obtained, and the water absorption rate, apparent density, crushing index, softening coefficient and soundness of the muck are tested according to the following steps:

[0033] 1) Specimen preparation: Use the vibration device 1, temperature control device 3, and weighing device 10 to quickly obtain dried and saturated surface-dry specimens. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Push in the baffle 9, load 6 kg of coarse aggregate into the circular mold 5, use the temperature control device 3 to heat the specimen in the circular mold 5, and observe the change in the mass of the specimen through the weighing device 10. Stop heating when the mass of the specimen remains unchanged. Repeat the above operation to quickly obtain 18 kg of dried specimens; then load 6 kg of coarse aggregate into the circular mold 5 again, add water to the circular mold 5, and then turn on the temperature control device 3. During the heating process, the water surface in the circular mold 5 should always be higher than the specimen surface. After boiling for more than 6 h and cooling to room temperature, push in the baffle 9, replace the lining plate with a filter screen lining plate 4, push out the baffle 9, and drain the water in the circular mold 5. At this time, turn on the vibration device 1 to ensure that the surface of the specimen in the circular mold 5 is in a saturated surface-dry state. Repeat the above operation to obtain 24 kg of saturated surface-dry specimens; put the saturated surface-dry and dried specimens into the constant temperature and humidity and drying specimen storage cabinets 12 in the instrument for subsequent test use.

[0035] 2) Apparent density and water absorption test: Load a certain known mass of saturated surface-dry specimens into the circular mold 5 filled with water, use the drainage method and the weighing device 10 to obtain the mass of the saturated surface-dry specimens, and then use the temperature control device 3 and the weighing device 10 to quickly dry the specimens, and obtain the mass of the dried specimens through the weighing device 10. The specific steps are as follows:

[0036] Fill the circular mold 5 with water, and the weighing device 10 automatically weighs the mass of the water. Then load all 2 kg of the saturated surface-dry specimens with a particle size distribution of 4.75 mm - 16 mm into the circular mold 5 filled with water. Weigh the total mass of the water and the specimens in the circular mold 5 again after the water is drained by the weighing device 10, and measure the temperature of the water. Then push out the baffle 9, drain the water in the circular mold 5 through the filter screen lining plate 4 and push in the baffle 9, turn on the temperature control device 3 to heat the circular mold 5, and thus obtain the mass of the dried specimens. Obtain the results of the apparent density and water absorption of the specimens through the automatic acquisition and processing device. Repeat the above operation, and take the average value of the two test results as the final value.

[0037] 3) Crushing index and softening coefficient test: Apply pressure, automatically screen, and weigh the dried and saturated surface-dry specimens respectively.

[0038] The specific steps are as follows:

[0039] Replace the replaceable liner 4 with a solid liner. Put 3 kg of granular material with a particle size distribution of 9.5 mm to 19 mm of dried sample into the circular mold 5. Push out the baffle 9, start the vibration device 1 to make the aggregate in the circular mold 5 stack tightly. Level the surface of the sample in the circular mold 5, cover the pressure head 8, apply a uniform load at a speed of 1 kN / s until 200 kN and hold the load for 5 s, and then unload the load. Remove the pressure head 8, push in the baffle 9, replace the solid liner 4 with a square hole sieve liner with a size of 2.36 mm, turn on the vibration device 1 to screen out the particles smaller than 2.36 mm, and use the weighing device 10 to weigh the mass of the sample remaining on the sieve. At this time, the crushing index of the dried sample can be obtained. Repeat the above operation two more times, and take the average of the three results as the final crushing index of the dried sample. Repeat the above entire operation to test the crushing index of the saturated surface dry sample, divide the crushing index of the saturated surface dry sample by the crushing index of the dried sample, and then obtain the softening coefficient of the sample.

[0040] Crushing index, divide the crushing index of the saturated surface dry sample by the crushing index of the dried sample, and then obtain the softening coefficient of the sample.

[0041] 4) Soundness test: Based on temperature control, automatic screening and weighing, the soundness can be quickly tested. The specific steps are as follows:

[0042] Push in the baffle 9 under the circular mold 5, and add 500 g of granular material with a particle size distribution of 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm of sample and the prepared saturated sodium sulfate solution into the circular mold 5. The liquid level is about 50 mm higher than the surface of the sample. Then turn on the vibration device 1 with low amplitude to remove the air bubbles in the sample. Turn on the temperature control device 3 to start heating the sample and the solution in the circular mold 5. The heating temperature is controlled at 60 ± 5 °C and heated continuously for 10 h. During the heating process, water should be added to ensure that the sodium sulfate liquid level always submerges the sample. After the heating is completed, recover the sodium sulfate solution, and based on temperature control, heat and dry the sample continuously for 4 h, and then perform the second cycle according to the above method.

[0043] Starting from the second cycle, the heating and soaking time is 2 h, and the heating and drying time is 4 h. A total of 5 cycles are performed to achieve rapid soaking and drying of the sample. After the last cycle, rinse the sample with clean warm water until the water after rinsing the sample does not show white turbidity when a small amount of barium chloride solution is added. Heat the rinsed sample to constant weight, cool it to room temperature, replace the bottom plate with a square hole sieve liner 4 with a size of 4.75 mm, turn on the vibration device 1 to screen out the particles smaller than 4.75 mm, and automatically weigh the mass of the sample in the circular mold 5 with the weighing device 10, and then the soundness of the sample can be obtained.

[0044] 5) Automatic data acquisition and processing: Automatically acquire and process the above data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] The automatic acquisition and processing device 11 is used to automatically control the temperature control device 3, weighing device 10 and vibration device 1, automatically read and process the quality parameters of the apparent density, water absorption rate, crushing index, softening coefficient, soundness and other indexes of the sample, and automatically collect and calculate the above data according to the built-in formula.

[0046] By operating and calculating according to the above steps, the comprehensive performance test results of the water absorption rate, apparent density, crushing index, softening coefficient and soundness of the tunnel slag with different lithologies are obtained respectively, as shown in Table 1:

[0047] Table 1 Comprehensive performance test results of tunnel slag with different lithologies

[0048]

[0049] It can be seen from Table 1 that the water absorption rate, apparent density, crushing index, softening coefficient and soundness of the tunnel slag with different lithologies all meet the standard requirements and can be used as the mother rock to produce manufactured sand and gravel aggregates. However, it can also be seen that the water absorption rate or crushing index or softening coefficient or soundness of the limestone, tuff and gneiss tunnel slag is relatively large. Therefore, attention should be paid to whether it meets the requirements of different concrete structures when using it.

[0050] The above description of the embodiments is to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative labor. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments here, and all improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel, characterized in that: The rapid comprehensive evaluation device for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel used in the method includes a vibration device (1), a solid base (2), a temperature control device (3), a replaceable liner (4), a circular mold (5), a fixed frame (6), a pressure head (8), a baffle (9), a weighing device (10), an automatic acquisition and processing device (11) and a sample storage cabinet (12); the automatic acquisition and processing device (11) is arranged on one side of the sample storage cabinet (12), the fixed frame (6) is installed on the top of the sample storage cabinet (12), the solid base (2) is installed on the bottom of the fixed frame (6), the weighing device (10) is installed on the top surface of the solid base (2), the vibration device (1) is installed on the bottom surface of the solid base, the temperature control device (3) is installed on the top surface of the solid base (2), the replaceable liner (4) is placed on the solid base (2), the baffle (9) is placed on the replaceable liner (4), the circular mold (5) is placed on the replaceable liner (4) or the baffle (9), and the bottom end of the pressure head (8) extends into the circular mold (5); The replaceable liner includes a filter screen liner, a solid liner and a square hole sieve liner. Among them, the filter screen liner plays the role of flowing out small particle samples when draining water or solution from the circular mold (5), the solid liner is used for the crushing index test of the sample, and the square hole sieve liner is used for the automatic particle screening test; the baffle is used to bear the weight of the sample in the circular mold (5); 1) Specimen preparation: Use the vibration device (1), temperature control device (3) and weighing device (10) to quickly obtain dried and saturated surface dry specimens; 2) Apparent density and water absorption test: Measure the mass of the water discharged when the known mass of saturated surface dry specimen is filled into the water-filled circular mold (5), and heat to obtain the mass of the dried specimen; 3) Crushing index and softening coefficient test: Pressurize, automatically screen and weigh the dried and saturated surface dry specimens in sequence. Among them, when pressurizing, replace the replaceable liner with a solid liner; 4) Soundness test: Based on temperature control, automatic screening and weighing, realize the rapid test of soundness; 5) Automatic data acquisition and processing: Automatically acquire and process the above data; The specific steps of the specimen preparation in step 1) include the following steps: Push in the baffle under the circular mold, put the specimen into the circular mold (5), use the temperature control device (3) and the weighing device (10) to dry the specimen to a constant weight to achieve rapid drying of the specimen; Take another specimen and put it into the circular mold (5), add water to the circular mold (5), and the water surface should be at least 50 mm higher than the specimen. Then turn on the temperature control device (3). During the heating process, the water surface in the circular mold (5) should always be higher than the specimen surface. Boil the specimen in the temperature control device (3) for 6 h. After boiling, replace the liner with a filter screen liner (4), push out the baffle (9), drain the water in the circular mold (5), and vibrate and dehydrate through the vibration device (1) to achieve rapid saturated surface dryness of the specimen; Put the made saturated surface dry and dried specimens into the constant temperature and humidity and dry specimen storage cabinets (12) in the instrument for subsequent tests; The durability test in step 4) specifically includes the following steps: Push in the baffle plate (9) under the circular mold (5), place a certain amount of dried test specimens and saturated sodium sulfate solution in the circular mold (5), accelerate the damage of the test specimens by the sodium sulfate solution based on temperature control, control the temperature at 60 ± 5 °C during the heating process, continuously heat for 10 h, and add water to ensure that the sodium sulfate liquid level always submerges the test specimens during the test. After the heating is completed, recover the sodium sulfate solution, and start to heat and dry the test specimens by temperature control. The heating and drying time is 4 h, and then perform the second cycle according to the above method; starting from the second cycle, the heating and soaking time is 2 h, and the heating and drying time is 4 h, with a total of 5 cycles to achieve rapid soaking and drying of the test specimens; replace the lining plate with a square-hole sieve lining plate (4), start the vibration device (1), screen out the particles, and automatically weigh the mass of the test specimens in the circular mold (5) with the weighing device (10).

2. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the temperature control device (3) consists of a heating resistance wire and a temperature sensor, the weighing device (10) consists of an electronic balance, the amplitude of the vibration device (1) can be one or several of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, the temperature control device (3), the weighing device (10) and the vibration device (1) are all connected to the automatic acquisition and processing device and are controlled by the automatic acquisition and processing device. The aperture of the square-hole sieve lining plate can be one or several of 2.36 mm, 4.75 mm, 9.5 mm, 16.0 mm, 19.0 mm, 26.5 mm and 31.5 mm.

3. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel, according to claim 1, characterized in that The apparent density and water absorption test in step 2) specifically includes the following steps: Put a certain known mass of saturated surface-dry test specimens into the circular mold (5) filled with water, use the drainage method and the weighing device (10) to obtain the mass of the saturated surface-dry test specimens, and then use the temperature control device (3) and the weighing device (10) to quickly dry the test specimens, and obtain the mass of the dried test specimens through the weighing device (10).

4. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing index test in step 3) specifically includes the following steps: Put the same mass of dried and saturated surface-dry test specimens into the circular mold (5) respectively, replace the replaceable lining plate (4) with a solid lining plate, and then use the vibration device (1) to vibrate to ensure that the test specimens are in a tightly packed state, level the surface of the test specimens, cover the pressure head (8) and apply pressure up to 200 kN, and automatically screen and weigh the test specimens after pressure application; among them, the diameter of the pressure head (8) is 150 mm, the diameter of the circular mold (5) is 152 mm, and the automatic screening is achieved by replacing the replaceable lining plate (4) with a 2.36-mm square-hole sieve lining plate and vibrating through the vibration device (1).

5. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel, according to claim 1, characterized in that The softening coefficient in step 3) is the ratio of the crushing index of the saturated surface-dry test specimens to the crushing index of the drying test, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: R = (Q b1 + Q b2 + Q b3 ) / (Q h1 + Q h2 + Q h3 ) Among them, R is the softening coefficient of tunnel muck, Q b1 、Q b2 、Q b3 are the crushing indexes of the first, second, and third times of the saturated surface-dry specimen, Q h1 、Q h2 、Q h3 are the crushing indexes of the first, second, and third times of the oven-dried specimen.

6. The rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data automatic acquisition and processing in step 5) specifically includes the following steps: Use the automatic acquisition and processing device (11) to automatically control the temperature control device (3), the weighing device (10) and the vibration device (1), and automatically read and process the quality parameters of the apparent density, water absorption, crushing index, softening coefficient, and durability index of the test specimens, and automatically collect and calculate the above data according to the built-in formula.

7. A rapid comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of tunnel muck used in manufactured sand and gravel according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the baffle plate (9) used in the above steps 1) to 4) can be one or several of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. The material of the baffle plate can be one or several of copper, aluminum, iron, and steel, and no obvious deformation shall occur. At the same time, it can prevent the sample from leaking when replacing the lining plate and prevent the moisture or liquid in the circular mold (5) from flowing out during the test.

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