A method for single-tree modeling and lightweighting in forestry

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for single-tree modeling and lightweighting of forests. The method includes the following steps: Step S1, select modeling samples of individual trees within the forest area to be modeled; Step S2, set modeling parameters for the modeling samples, and set corresponding modeling matching values according to the modeling parameters; Step S3, obtain the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees, and perform comprehensive processing based on the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees and the modeling matching values of the modeling samples to obtain the modeling parameters of other individual trees; Step S4, obtain the position information and orientation information of the individual trees, and perform modeling position matching on other forest individuals according to the position information and the modeling parameters. The present invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the modeling process on the basis of ensuring the authenticity and application effectiveness of forest modeling, so as to solve the problems of large data processing volume and low application effectiveness in the existing field of forest tree modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forest modeling, and particularly to a method for individual forest modeling and lightweighting. Background Art

[0002] A 3D model is a polygonal representation of an object, usually displayed on a computer or other video device. The object displayed can be a real-world entity or a fictional object. Anything that exists in the physical nature can be represented by a 3D model. Now, 3D models have been used in various different fields. In the medical industry, they are used to create accurate models of organs; in the film industry, they are used for moving characters, objects, and real movies; in the video game industry, they are used as resources in computer and video games; in the scientific field, they are used as accurate models of compounds; in the construction industry, they are used to display proposed buildings or landscape representations; in the engineering field, they are used for designing new devices, transportation vehicles, structures, and other application areas; in the last few decades, the geoscience field has started to build 3D geological models.

[0003] In the existing technology, during the process of modeling forest trees, due to the large variety of forest trees and the irregular shapes of the trees, during the modeling process, if the authenticity of forest modeling needs to be maintained, data collection needs to be carried out for trees of different specifications, and a large amount of data needs to be collected for each tree. In this way, a large amount of modeling data will be generated during the processing. On the one hand, in actual applications, the accumulation of a large amount of data will lead to a slow running speed and reduce the user experience. On the other hand, the workload will increase during the modeling process, reducing the modeling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for individual forest modeling and lightweighting, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the modeling process on the basis of ensuring the authenticity and application effectiveness of forest modeling, so as to solve the problems of large data processing volume and low application effectiveness in the existing forest tree modeling field.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A method for individual forest modeling and lightweighting, the method includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, select the modeling samples of individual trees in the forest area to be modeled;

[0007] Step S2, set the modeling parameters of the modeling samples, and set the corresponding modeling matching values according to the modeling parameters;

[0008] Step S3: Obtain the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees, and comprehensively process the modeling matching values of the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees and the modeling samples to obtain the modeling parameters of other individual trees.

[0009] Step S4: Obtain the position information and orientation information of the individual tree, and perform modeling position matching on other forest individuals according to the position information and the modeling parameters.

[0010] Furthermore, the step S1 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0011] Step A1: Classify the trees in the forest area to be modeled by species.

[0012] Step A2: Then, obtain the modeling samples of individual trees for each type of tree. At the position of the first height from the ground of the individual tree, obtain the diameters of several individual trees within each type, and then calculate the average diameter of the individual trees of each type. Select several individual trees whose difference between the diameter of the individual tree and the average diameter is within the first difference threshold range as the modeling samples, and use the average diameter of the individual trees of this type as the trunk diameter of the modeling samples.

[0013] Furthermore, the step S2 further includes step B1, and the step B1 includes: obtaining the trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of several individual trees in the modeling samples.

[0014] Among them, when obtaining the trunk height, set the position where the individual tree touches the ground as the trunk starting point, select the intersection of the nearest branch of the individual tree to the trunk starting point and the trunk as the trunk ending point, set the distance between the trunk starting point and the trunk ending point as the trunk height, and then calculate the average value of the trunk heights of several individual trees in the modeling samples as the trunk height of the modeling samples.

[0015] When obtaining the tree height, select the position of the highest point of the individual tree as the height ending point, and set the distance between the trunk starting point and the height ending point as the tree height of the individual tree, and then calculate the average value of the tree heights of several individual trees in the modeling samples as the tree height of the modeling samples.

[0016] When obtaining the covering radius, set the center of the trunk of the individual tree as the center of the covering radius. Select several radius reference points on the contour periphery from the top view angle of the individual tree, obtain the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points, calculate the average value of the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points, and set this average value as the covering radius of the individual tree. Then calculate the average value of the covering radii of several individual trees in the modeling samples as the covering radius of the modeling samples.

[0017] Further, step S2 further includes step B2, and step B2 includes: substituting the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the main trunk height of the modeling sample into the main trunk height modeling matching formula to obtain the main trunk height modeling matching value;

[0018] Substitute the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the tree height of the modeling sample into the tree height modeling matching formula to obtain the tree height modeling matching value;

[0019] Substitute the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the covering radius of the modeling sample into the covering radius modeling matching formula to obtain the covering radius modeling matching value.

[0020] Further, the main trunk height modeling matching formula is configured as: The tree height modeling matching formula is configured as: The covering radius modeling matching formula is configured as: Where GZP is the main trunk height modeling matching value, Gjmz is the main trunk height of the modeling sample, Rjs is the trunk diameter of the modeling sample, Gsp is the tree height modeling matching value, Gjms is the tree height of the modeling sample, rzp is the covering radius modeling matching value, rzb is the covering radius of the modeling sample, p1 is the type setting coefficient of the main trunk height, p2 is the type setting coefficient of the tree height, and p3 is the type setting coefficient of the covering radius.

[0021] Further, step S3 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0022] Step C1, and step C1 includes: obtaining that the diameters of several single trees in the same type are divided into several grades from small to large;

[0023] Step C2, and step C2 includes: obtaining the average value of the diameters of several single trees within each grade as the average diameter of that grade;

[0024] Step C3, and step C3 includes: multiplying the average diameter of that grade by the main trunk height modeling matching value, the tree height modeling matching value, and the covering radius modeling matching value respectively to obtain the main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of that grade. The several single trees within each grade are parameter-set according to the average diameter, main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of that grade.

[0025] Further, step S4 further includes the following sub-steps: Step D1, and step D1 includes: obtaining the position, altitude, and main trunk azimuth of each single tree;

[0026] Step D2, and step D2 includes: modeling the trees within each grade according to the average diameter, main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of that grade;

[0027] Step D3, the said step D3 includes: confirming the modeling position of the modeled single tree according to its position and altitude, and then adjusting the trunk angle according to the trunk orientation.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention first selects the modeling samples of single trees in the forest area to be modeled; then sets the modeling parameters of the modeling samples, and sets the corresponding modeling matching values according to the modeling parameters; then obtains the basic modeling parameters of other single trees, and comprehensively processes according to the modeling matching values of the basic modeling parameters of other single trees and the modeling samples to obtain the modeling parameters of other single trees; finally, obtains the position information and orientation information of the single trees, and performs modeling position matching on other forest monomers according to the position information and the modeling parameters. The present invention can reduce the quantity of data collection and the workload of data processing by performing quantitative modeling parameter matching on single trees and setting reference matching values for other single trees, and at the same time can improve the modeling matching accuracy of different types of trees, ensure the authenticity of the modeling, and at the same time can reduce the problem of carding caused by data accumulation during the application process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is the partial flowchart of the sub-steps of step S1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is the partial flowchart of the sub-steps of step S2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is the partial flowchart of the sub-steps of step S3 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is the partial flowchart of the sub-steps of step S4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a method for individual forest modeling and lightweighting, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the modeling process on the basis of ensuring the authenticity and application effectiveness of forest modeling, so as to solve the problems of large data processing volume and low application effectiveness in the existing field of forest tree modeling.

[0037] The method includes the following steps: Step S1, selecting modeling samples of individual trees in the forest area to be modeled; the step S1 further includes the following sub-steps: Step A1, classifying the trees in the forest area to be modeled by species; Step A2, then obtaining modeling samples of individual trees for each type of tree. At the position of the first height from the ground of the individual tree, the diameters of several individual trees within each species are obtained, and then the average diameter of the individual trees of each species is calculated. Several individual trees whose difference between the diameter of the individual tree and the average diameter is within the first difference threshold range are selected as modeling samples, and the average diameter of the individual trees of this species is used as the trunk diameter of the modeling sample.

[0038] Among them, the selection criteria for the first height of each type of tree are not the same. For example, the selection criteria for the first height of tall trees are greater than those of short trees, which can ensure that the measured diameter matches the actual growth cycle of the tree. Usually, the first height is selected between 0.5m and 2m. At the same time, the diameter is selected as the basic reference parameter because the diameter of the trunk is closely related to the growth years of the tree. Therefore, the diameters of different trees can be matched with various growth parameters.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 3 , Step S2, setting modeling parameters for the modeling samples and setting corresponding modeling matching values according to the modeling parameters; the step S2 further includes Step B1, and the step B1 includes: obtaining the trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of several individual trees in the modeling samples; among them, the difference between the trunk height and the tree height represents the main growth range of the branches and leaves of the tree. Adding the covering radius can accurately reflect the main modeling skeleton of the tree.

[0040] Among them, when obtaining the trunk height, the position where the individual tree is in contact with the ground is set as the trunk starting point, and the intersection of the nearest branch of the individual tree from the trunk starting point and the trunk is selected as the trunk ending point. The distance between the trunk starting point and the trunk ending point is set as the trunk height, and then the average value of the trunk heights of several individual trees in the modeling samples is calculated as the trunk height of the modeling sample; there should be as few branches and leaves on the trunk as possible, so that the overall shape of the tree can be more accurately reflected during modeling.

[0041] When obtaining the tree height, select the position of the highest point of the single tree as the height end point, set the distance between the starting point of the main trunk and the height end point as the tree height of the single tree, and then obtain the average value of the tree heights of several single trees in the modeling sample as the tree height of the modeling sample; when obtaining the covering radius, set the center of the main trunk of the single tree as the center of the covering radius, select several radius reference points from the contour periphery of the top-down view angle of the single tree, obtain the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points, calculate the average value of the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points, and set this average value as the covering radius of the single tree, and then obtain the average value of the covering radii of several single trees in the modeling sample as the covering radius of the modeling sample. Through the tree height and the covering radius, in the specific modeling process, try to draw a conical range of tree branches and leaves with the highest point of the tree height as the vertex and the covering radius of the tree as the bottom radius, and at the same time, the vertex of the tree, the center of the covering radius, and the center of the main trunk are on a straight line. Specifically, in the drawing process, the conical range of tree branches and leaves can be deleted or supplemented and adjusted, and it is set specifically with reference to the leaf growth shapes of different tree species.

[0042] The step S2 further includes a step B2, and the step B2 includes: substituting the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the main trunk height of the modeling sample into the main trunk height modeling matching formula to obtain the main trunk height modeling matching value; the main trunk height modeling matching formula is configured as: where GZP is the main trunk height modeling matching value, Gjmz is the main trunk height of the modeling sample, and Rjs is the trunk diameter of the modeling sample; substituting the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the tree height of the modeling sample into the tree height modeling matching formula to obtain the tree height modeling matching value; the tree height modeling matching formula is configured as: Gsp is the tree height modeling matching value, Gjms is the tree height of the modeling sample; substituting the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the covering radius of the modeling sample into the covering radius modeling matching formula to obtain the covering radius modeling matching value. The covering radius modeling matching formula is configured as: rzp is the covering radius modeling matching value, rzb is the covering radius of the modeling sample, where p1 is the type setting coefficient of the main trunk height, p2 is the type setting coefficient of the tree height, p3 is the type setting coefficient of the covering radius, and p1, p2, and p3 are specifically set in inverse proportion with reference to the growth cycles of different types. The set values of p1, p2, and p3 for tree species with short growth cycles are greater than the set values of p1, p2, and p3 for tree species with long growth cycles, because the growth rate of tree species with short growth cycles is relatively fast, and the growth rate of tree species with long growth cycles is relatively slow.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 4, Step S3, obtain the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees, and comprehensively process the modeling matching values of the basic modeling parameters of other individual trees and the modeling samples to obtain the modeling parameters of other individual trees; the said Step S3 further includes the following sub-steps: Step C1, and the said Step C1 includes: divide the diameters of several individual trees of the same species into several levels from small to large; Step C2, and the said Step C2 includes: obtain the average value of the diameters of several individual trees within each level as the average diameter of this level; Step C3, and the said Step C3 includes: multiply the average diameter of this level by the main trunk height modeling matching value, tree height modeling matching value, and covering radius modeling matching value respectively to obtain the main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of this level. Several individual trees within each level are parameterized according to the average diameter, main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of this level. Specifically, when setting the levels, the growth specifications of different types of trees can be referred to for setting. The more the growth specifications are, the more levels are divided, and the fewer the growth specifications are, the fewer levels are divided. This can improve the authenticity of different types of trees during modeling while reducing the data processing volume.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 5 , Step S4, obtain the position information and orientation information of the individual trees, and perform modeling position matching on other forest individuals according to the position information and modeling parameters; the said Step S4 further includes the following sub-steps: Step D1, and the said Step D1 includes: obtain the position, altitude, and main trunk orientation of each individual tree; Step D2, and the said Step D2 includes: model the trees within each level according to the average diameter, main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of this level; Step D3, and the said Step D3 includes: confirm the modeling position of the modeled individual trees according to their positions and altitudes, and then adjust the main trunk angle according to their main trunk orientations. Increasing the main trunk orientation can further restore the authenticity of the individual trees during modeling.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting it. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can still modify or easily think of changes to the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the said claims.

Claims

1. A method for single-tree modeling and lightweighting of forests, characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: Step S1, select modeling samples of single trees within the forest area to be modeled; Step S2, set the modeling parameters of the modeling samples, and set corresponding modeling matching values according to the modeling parameters; Step S3, obtain the basic modeling parameters of other single trees, and comprehensively process according to the modeling matching values of the basic modeling parameters of other single trees and the modeling samples to obtain the modeling parameters of other single trees; Step S4, obtain the position information and orientation information of the single trees, and perform modeling position matching on other forest monomers according to the position information and the modeling parameters; The step S2 further includes step B2, and the step B2 includes: substituting the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the main trunk height of the modeling sample into the main trunk height modeling matching formula to obtain the main trunk height modeling matching value; Substitute the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the tree height of the modeling sample into the tree height modeling matching formula to obtain the tree height modeling matching value; Substitute the trunk diameter of the modeling sample and the covering radius of the modeling sample into the covering radius modeling matching formula to obtain the covering radius modeling matching value; The step S3 further includes the following sub-steps: Step C1, the step C1 includes: obtaining the diameters of several single trees of the same species and dividing them into several grades from small to large; Step C2, the step C2 includes: obtaining the average value of the diameters of several single trees within each grade as the average diameter of the grade; Step C3, the step C3 includes: multiplying the average diameter of the grade by the main trunk height modeling matching value, the tree height modeling matching value, and the covering radius modeling matching value respectively to obtain the main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of the grade, and several single trees within each grade are set with parameters according to the average diameter, main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of the grade.

2. The method for single-tree modeling and lightweighting of forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, the step S1 further includes the following sub-steps: Step A1, distinguish the types of trees within the forest area to be modeled; Step A2, then obtain the modeling samples of single trees for each type of tree, obtain the diameters of several single trees within each type at the position of the first height from the ground of the single tree, then calculate the average diameter of the single trees of each type, and select several single trees whose difference between the diameter of the single tree of the type and the average diameter is within the first difference threshold range as the modeling samples, and use the average diameter of the single trees of the type as the trunk diameter of the modeling samples.

3. The method for single-tree modeling and lightweighting of forests according to claim 2, characterized in that, the step S2 further includes step B1, and the step B1 includes: obtaining the main trunk height, tree height, and covering radius of several single trees in the modeling samples; Among them, when obtaining the trunk height, the position where the single tree touches the ground is set as the trunk starting point, the intersection of the nearest branch of the single tree to the trunk starting point and the trunk is selected as the trunk ending point, the distance between the trunk starting point and the trunk ending point is set as the trunk height, and then the average value of the trunk heights of several single trees in the modeling sample is calculated as the trunk height of the modeling sample; When obtaining the tree height, the position of the highest point of the single tree is selected as the height ending point, the distance between the trunk starting point and the height ending point is set as the tree height of the single tree, and then the average value of the tree heights of several single trees in the modeling sample is calculated as the tree height of the modeling sample; When obtaining the covering radius, the center of the trunk of the single tree is set as the center of the covering radius, several radius reference points are selected on the outer contour from the top-down view angle of the single tree, the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points are obtained, the average value of the distances between the center of the covering radius and the several radius reference points is calculated, and this average value is set as the covering radius of the single tree, and then the average value of the covering radii of several single trees in the modeling sample is calculated as the covering radius of the modeling sample.

4. A method for forest single-tree modeling and lightweighting according to claim 3, characterized in that The main trunk height modeling matching formula is configured as follows: The tree height modeling matching formula is configured as follows: The covering radius modeling matching formula is configured as follows: Where Gzp is the main trunk height modeling matching value, Gjmz is the main trunk height of the modeling sample, Rjs is the trunk diameter of the modeling sample, Gsp is the tree height modeling matching value, Gjms is the tree height of the modeling sample, rzp is the covering radius modeling matching value, rzb is the covering radius of the modeling sample, p1 is the type setting coefficient of the main trunk height, p2 is the type setting coefficient of the tree height, and p3 is the type setting coefficient of the covering radius.

5. A method for forest single-tree modeling and lightweighting according to claim 4, characterized in that the step S4 further includes the following sub-steps: step D1, and the step D1 includes: obtaining the position, altitude and trunk orientation of each single tree; step D2, and the step D2 includes: modeling the trees in each grade according to the average diameter, trunk height, tree height and covering radius of that grade; step D3, and the step D3 includes: confirming the modeling position of the modeled single tree according to its position and altitude, and then adjusting the trunk angle according to its trunk orientation.

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