Diamide suspension concentrate composition

Abstract

Suspension concentrate (SC) formulations containing high potency diamide pesticides are described herein. The inventive formulations show excellent stability and dispersibility in water, as well as low air entrapment.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 950,251, filed on December 19, 2019. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to suspension concentrate (SC) formulations containing high strength diamide pesticides. The inventive formulations show excellent stability and dispersibility in water, as well as low air entrapment. Background Art

[0004] Suspension concentrate formulations contain solid active ingredients dispersed in water. When compared to formulation types such as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations and wettable powder (WP) formulations, SCs have gained popularity due to their numerous benefits, including ease of use and effectiveness, elimination of dust, and elimination of solvent hazards. In order to formulate a robust and stable SC formulation, one or more active ingredients must remain insoluble in the formulation and disperse well under all environmental conditions.

[0005] Air entrapment is a common and critical problem in agrochemical liquid formulations. The difference between true density and apparent density caused by air entrapment can be significant and lead to miscalculation of active ingredients used in crop fields. Typically, an increase in the strength of one or more active ingredients in a formulation increases the difference between true density and apparent density.

[0006] Dispersibility in water can be assessed by the spontaneity of the dispersion of the formulation in water. The spontaneity of the dispersion of the formulation in water is assessed by the ease with which the formulation disperses upon contact in water without any external aid such as inversion or stirring. Suspension concentrates that disperse spontaneously in water are advantageous to the end user because of ease of handling, labor savings, and potentially reduced mixing time with tank-mixed formulations. Summary of the invention

[0007] Disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising suspension concentrates formulated with particularly high concentrations (high strength) of pesticidal active ingredients. These compositions exhibit spontaneity of dispersion, good dispersibility in water, and reduced trapped air. In addition, the compositions disclosed herein allow for reduced use of packaging materials and water due to their high strength, reduce transportation costs, and are associated with reduced carbon footprints. Therefore, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein contribute to environmental sustainability while demonstrating excellent pesticidal activity.

[0008] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a method for controlling phytophagous pests on plants is provided. The method includes applying a composition as described herein to a plurality of plants, wherein the composition is applied to the plants via an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") at a rate sufficient to achieve a total amount of diamide insecticide applied from about 10 grams / hectare to about 500 grams / hectare, and wherein the mortality of a plurality of piercing-sucking pests evaluated three days after exposure to the active ingredient is at least 75%. As used herein, UAV generally refers to any unmanned or remotely controlled tool or system.

[0009] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a method of controlling phytophagous pests on plants is provided. The method comprises applying a composition as described herein to a plurality of plants, wherein the composition is applied to the plants via an unmanned aerial vehicle at a rate sufficient to achieve a total amount of diamide insecticide applied of from about 10 g / hectare to about 50 g / hectare, and wherein the mortality of the plurality of piercing-sucking pests evaluated three days after exposure to the active ingredient is at least 75%.

[0010] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a method of controlling phytophagous pests on plants is provided. The method comprises applying a composition as described herein to a plurality of plants, wherein the composition is applied to the plants via an unmanned aerial vehicle at a rate sufficient to achieve a total amount of diamide insecticide applied of from about 15 g / hectare to about 30 g / hectare, and wherein the mortality of the plurality of piercing-sucking pests evaluated three days after exposure to the active ingredient is at least 75%.

[0011] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a method of controlling phytophagous pests on plants is provided. The method comprises applying a composition as described herein to a plurality of plants, wherein the composition is applied to the plants via an unmanned aerial vehicle at a rate sufficient to achieve a total amount of diamide insecticide applied of from about 2 grams per hectare to about 150 grams per hectare, and wherein the mortality of the plurality of piercing-sucking pests evaluated three days after exposure to the active ingredient is at least 75%.

[0012] In some aspects of the disclosure, the compositions disclosed herein can be used to protect tree nuts, such as, but not limited to, chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, hickory, pistachios, cashews, and macadamia nuts.

[0013] In one aspect, there is provided an agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition comprising:

[0014] (i) a pesticidal active ingredient at a concentration of from about 10 wt % to about 60 wt %;

[0015] (ii) at least one dispersant at a concentration from greater than about 2 wt % to about 10 wt %; and

[0016] (iii) optionally at least one adjuvant.

[0017] In one aspect, there is provided an agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition comprising:

[0018] (i) a pesticidal active ingredient at a concentration of from about 10 wt % to about 60 wt %;

[0019] (ii) at least one dispersant at a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt %;

[0020] (iii) gemini surfactants; and

[0021] (iv) optionally at least one adjuvant;

[0022] Wherein the weight ratio of the dispersant to the gemini surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 20:1 or from about 1:2 to about 1:20.

[0023] In one aspect, there is provided a method for preparing an agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition, the method comprising

[0024] A) forming a first mixture, the first mixture comprising

[0025] Pesticide active ingredients;

[0026] at least one dispersant;

[0027] Gemini surfactants; and

[0028] Optionally at least one adjuvant;

[0029] B) mixing the first mixture;

[0030] C) milling the first mixture;

[0031] D) optionally forming a second mixture comprising

[0032] the first mixture; and

[0033] at least one adjuvant; and

[0034] E) optionally mixing the second mixture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Density versus time measured for compositions 1A, 1B and 1C at T=0, 5, 15 and 30 min after shaking each composition during formulation.

[0036] Figure 2Density versus time measured for compositions 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F at T=0, 5, 15 and 30 min after shaking each composition during formulation.

[0037] Figure 3 Density versus time measured for compositions 5G, 5H and 5I at T=0, 5, 15 and 30 min after shaking each composition during formulation.

[0038] Figure 4 Density versus time for composition 2A measured at T=0, 5, 15 and 30 min after shaking each composition during formulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," "characterized by," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation expressly stated. For example, a composition, mixture, process, or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, or method.

[0040] The transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes any unrecited element, step, or ingredient. If in a claim, this phrase will make the claim closed-ended, excluding materials other than those recited, except for impurities normally associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the preamble, the phrase limits only the elements recited in that clause; the claim as a whole does not exclude other elements.

[0041] The transitional phrase "consisting essentially of is used to qualify compositions or methods that include materials, steps, features, components, or elements in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed disclosure. The term "consisting essentially of" is intermediate between "comprising" and "consisting of."

[0042] When a disclosure or a portion thereof is defined by an open-ended term such as "comprising," it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise indicated) the description should be interpreted as also using the term "consisting essentially of" or "consisting of" to describe such disclosure.

[0043] In addition, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive or rather than an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0044] Likewise, the indefinite article "a / an" before an element or component of the present disclosure is intended to be non-restrictive with respect to the number of instances (i.e., occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a / an" should be understood to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of an element or component also includes the plural, unless the number obviously means the singular.

[0045] It should also be understood that any numerical ranges listed herein include all values ​​from the lower limit to the upper limit. For example, if the weight ratio range is specified as 1:50, it is expected that values ​​such as 2:40, 10:30, or 1:3 are explicitly listed in this specification. These are only examples of specific intent, and all possible combinations of numerical values ​​between (and including) the lowest and highest values ​​listed will be considered to be clearly stated in this application.

[0046] As used herein, the term "about" means plus or minus 10% of the value.

[0047] In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from an insecticide, an herbicide, a nematicide, a fungicide, a biopesticide, or a combination thereof.

[0048] In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyanantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), tetrachlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), bromothranil (3-bromo-N-[4-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1 -(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), dichlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole (1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromiprole (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyhalodiamide (3-chloro-N 2 -(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)-N 1 -[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarbamide), flubendiamide (N 2 -[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N 1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarbamide), indoxacarb (indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid), N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, -2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, fluindapyr (3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide ), flutriafol (α-(2-fluorophenyl)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), tetflupyrolimet (tetflupyrolimet) ((3S,4S)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide), 5-chloro-2-[3-chloro-2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]phenoxy]-pyrimidine, flubutyric acid amine- M ((2S)-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(phenylmethyl)butanamide), bixlozone (2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone), sulfentrazone (N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide), and combinations thereof.

[0049] In one embodiment, the pesticidally active ingredient is an insecticide.

[0050] In one embodiment, the pesticidally active ingredient is a diamide.

[0051] In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyanantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromine worm benzamide, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazolyl worm amide, cyclic bromine worm amide, chlorofluanid, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyanantraniliprole, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole. In another embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is cyanantraniliprole.

[0052] In some embodiments, the pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount of at least about 10 wt%, at least about 20 wt%, at least about 30 wt%, at least about 40 wt%, at least about 50 wt%, or at least about 60 wt%, and ranges consisting thereof, such as from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 20% to about 60 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 35 wt%, or from about 25 wt% to about 35 wt%. In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is present in high strength. In high-strength formulations, the available amount of the pesticidal active ingredient includes, but is not limited to, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, or at least about 60%, and ranges thereof, such as from about 30wt% to about 60wt%, from about 30wt% to about 55wt%, from about 35wt% to about 50wt%, or from about 45wt% to about 55wt%. In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is present at a concentration of about 600g / L.

[0053] In one embodiment, the pesticidal active ingredient is present in a weight ratio relative to the naphthalenesulfonate derivative or the ligninsulfonate derivative in a range from about 100:1 to about 2:1, from about 90:1 to about 3:1, from about 80:1 to about 4:1, from about 70:1 to about 5:1, from about 60:1 to about 10:1, or from about 50:1 to about 20:1.

[0054] In one embodiment, water is used to dilute the suspension concentrate composition to provide a spray mixture that can be used according to the present disclosure. The concentration of the active compound in the spray mixture of the present disclosure can vary within a specific range. Typically, the concentration of the active compound is from about 0.0003 to about 5 weight percents, or from about 0.0003 to about 3 weight percents, or from about 0.0003 to about 2 weight percents, or from about 0.0003 to about 1 weight percent.

[0055] The spray mixture of the present disclosure can be prepared by conventional methods. For example, a concentrate can be prepared by combining the desired components in any desired order. Typically, the components are combined at a temperature between 10° C. and 30° C., the batch is mixed until uniform, and the resulting mixture is filtered if appropriate. To prepare an aqueous spray mixture ready for application, the concentrated formulation can be mixed with a certain amount of water, if necessary under stirring and / or pumping, to evenly distribute the formulation in the water.

[0056] Conventional mixing devices and / or spraying equipment suitable for this purpose can be used to prepare and apply the spray mixtures of the present disclosure.

[0057] In one embodiment, the suspension concentrate formulation further comprises an additional pesticidal active ingredient selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acralathrin, acynonapyr, bifenthrin ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methylcyclopropanecarboxylate) Sulfonamid, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-phos, benfuracarb, chlorpyrifos, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluan, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos-e, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorfenapyr, clofenazine, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin , cyantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromothranil (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cypermethrin, cyclohexidine ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos Flucyantamide, cyhalothrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cis-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromestolide, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluthrin, dimethoate, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, fenthiocarb, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, ethoprolin, ethoprolin, ε-methofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fipronil, flometoquin (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolylmethyl carbonate), flonicamid, triflumizone, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flutolan ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), diflunisal (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) ]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyrone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, fluvalinate, fluoxathiol, fluoxazolidinone, flufenoxam, flufenamidin, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, tebuconazole ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propene-1-yl] cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexathiazox, hydrazone, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropylamine, isoxathiapiprolin, κ-tefluthrin, highly effective chlorfluthrin, cypermethrin, malathion, chlorfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, cyfluthrin, methoxyfenozide, ε-cyfluthrin, ε-cyfluthrin ( epsilon-momfluorothrin), monocrotophos, monofluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, fluazifop, polyfluuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, and N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, fenthrin, profenthrin, pyrimethrin, 1,3,5- trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxypropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyraclostrobin, pyrethroids, pyraclostrobin, pyridalyl, pyrimethoxam, pyrimidine, pyrimethoxam, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopicolide, pyraclostrobin, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, flusilene Ester, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesiclofen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyl oxide [1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-sulfenyl]cyanamide), fenpyrad, tebufenpyrad, flubenzuron, tefluthrin, κ-tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, cypermethrin, tetrafluthrin, tetrafluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetrazolyl amide, thiacloprid, thiophanate cypermethrin, thiodicarb, dimethoate, tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazomethan, trichlorfon, triflubenzuron (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, highly effective cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, insect pathogenic bacteria, insect pathogenic viruses, insect pathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0058] The compositions of the present disclosure may optionally include one or more pest control agents selected from insecticides, herbicides, biopesticides, nematicides, bactericides and fungicides. General references for these pest control agents (i.e., insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, miticides, herbicides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th edition, edited by CDS Tomlin, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, UK, 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2nd edition, edited by LG Copping, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, UK, 2001.

[0059] Non-limiting examples of insecticides include abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acralathrin, aknapyr, cypermethrin ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methylcyclopropanecarboxylate), sulfamethoxam, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azoxystrobin, benfuracarb, Insecticidal sulfone, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluan, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, fenamiform, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, clofenazine, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin, cypermethrin, cyclohexidine ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3 -pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromesotiaz, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluthrin, dimethoate, methamidophos, dimethoate, fenthrin, dimethoate, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, ethomethin, ε-methoxythrin Oxyfluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fipronil, flumetolquinone (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolylmethyl carbonate), flonicamid, triflumizone, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flutolan ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), diflunisal (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexenic acid, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyrone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, fluvalinate, fluoxathiol, fluoxazolidinone, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, thiophanate-methyl, cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, tebuconazole ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropane esters), hexaflumuron, hexathiazolin, hydrazone, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropylamine, isoxathiapiprolin, κ-tefluthrin, high-efficiency cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, cyfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfluthrin, methoxyfenozide, ε-methofluthrin, ε-cyfluthrin (momfluorothrin), monocrotophos, monofluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, fluazifop, polyflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1-(dimethyl) [(1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxypropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyraclostrobin, pyrethrin ...4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), pyraclostrobin, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, flutosan, ethyl spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyl oxide [1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ, 4 -sulfuryl] cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, flubenzuron, tefluthrin, κ-tefluthrin, terbufophos, cypermethrin, tetrathrin, tetrafluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, dimethoate, thiazoxan (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tofenac amine, tralomethrin, triazomethin, trichlorfon, triflubenzuron (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, highly effective cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, insect pathogenic bacteria, insect pathogenic viruses or insect pathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0060] Non-limiting examples of fungicides include fungicides such as benzothiadiazole, dimethylmorpholine, azoxystrobin, aminopyrifen, indazolsulfuron, captopril, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl (including benalaxyl-M), oxadone, benomyl, benthiavalicarb (including benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzovindiazole, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bifenthrin, bifenthrin, blasticidin-S, boscalid, oxadone, bupirimate, thiopyrad, carboxin, cyclopropane, Captafol, captan, carbendazim, chloroneb, thiophanate, chlozolinate, copper hydroxide, cupric oxychloride, copper sulfate, syringostyrin, cyazofamid, cyfluanid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlobentiazox, chloranil, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimethomorph, diniconazole, diniconazole (including diniconazole) M)), diclofenac, dipymetitrone, dithianon, dithiocarb, dodecacyclic morpholine, docodine, econazole, ethoconazole, kefansan, enoxastrobin,Also known as enestroburin), epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, enoxaquinone, chlorfenapyr, fenbuconazole, furamide, fenhexamide, fenoxanil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidine, fenpropimorph, fenpyraclostrobin, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimidine, zone), flutoquinone, florylpicoxamid, fluoxadiazole, fluazinam, flubeneteram, fludioxonil, flutolanil, fluindapyr, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopicolide, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiazolin, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluopicolide, folpet, fthalide,Also known as phthalide, furaxyl, furaxyl, furazone, hexaconazole, hymexazole, guazatine, imazalil, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, inpyrfluxam, thiodicarb, ipfentrifluconazole, ipflufenoquin, isoprobenfos, isoprobenfos, propiconazole, isoflurane, isoflurane, isoflurane, isoflurane, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, lancotrione, mancozeb, mancozeb ndipropamid), mandestrobin, maneb, mapanipyrin, clofothiazide, mefenoxam, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl (including metalaxyl-M / mefenoxam), metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, mefenoxam, metyltetraprole, mefentrazone, myclobutanil, naftitine, ferric ammonium arsenate (ferric arsenate), methanearsonate), flufenamic acid, oxathiapiprolin, furamide, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, penconazole, pencycuron, fluopicolide, penthiopyrad, perfurazoate, phosphorous acid (including salts thereof, for example, fosetyl-aluminum), picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, thiabendazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, fluopicolide, Pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraclostrobin, pyraziflumid, pyraclofos, pyraclofos, pyributacarb, pyridachlometyl, pyrifenox, pyriofenone, perisoxazole, pyrimethanil, pyrrolnitrin, pyroquilon, fluquinazole, quinmethionate , quinofumelin, quinoxyfen, pentachloronitrobenzene, silthiofam, sedaxane, simeconazole, spiroxafil, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, isobutylethoxyquin, teclofthalam, teclofthalam, tetrachloronitrobenzene, terbinafine, fluconazole, thiabendazole, thiofuranamide, thiophanate, methyl thiophanate, serene, thiocarbamide, methyl tolprocarb, tolfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, myclobutanil, triazoxide, basic copper sulfate (tribasic copper sulfate), chlorpyrifos-butyl, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, trimoprhamide tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triamcin, trichlorfonazole, uniconazole, validamycin, valifenalate (also known as valifenal), vinclozolin, mancozeb, ziram, zoxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, and combinations thereof.

[0061] Non-limiting examples of nematicides include fluopyram, spirotetramat, thiodicarb, thiothiazolyl, abatin, iprodione, diflunisal, dimethyl disulfide, thiothiazolyl, 1,3-dichloropropylene (1,3-D), metamidine (sodium and potassium), dazomet, chloropicrin, fenamiphos, ethanophos, cadusaphos, terbuthion, imicyafos, oxamyl, carbofuran, thiothiazolyl, Bacillus firmus, Pasteuria nishizawae, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of bactericides are streptomycin. Non-limiting examples of miticides include amitraz, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, cyhexatin, dicofol, cyfluthrin, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin, cypermethrin, fenpyroxithrin, hexythiazox, propargyl, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, and combinations thereof.

[0062] Herbivorous insects

[0063] Phytophagous insects are invertebrate pests that damage plants by feeding, such as by eating foliage, stems, leaves, fruit or seed tissue or by sucking the vascular fluid of the plant. Leaf feeders can be external (exogenous) or they can mine tissue, sometimes even specifically targeting specific cell types. Phytophagous insect species exist in most insect orders, including Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.

[0064] Examples of agronomic or non-agronomic invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers and heliothines of the family Noctuidae (e.g., Sesamia inferens Walker, Sesamianonagrioides Lefebvre, Spodoptera eridania Cramer, Spodoptera frugiperda JESmith, Spodoptera exigua Hübner, Spodopteralittoralis Boisduval, Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, Lithophane antennata Walker, Barathra brassicae Linnaeus, Pseudoplusia includens Walker, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, Heliothis virescens Fabricius); borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae (e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), sod borer (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), webworms) (Crambinae: Crambinae),Such as sod worm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker), sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen), tomato small borer (Neoleucinodeselegantalis Guenée), green leafroller (Cnaphalocrocismedinalis), grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), melon worm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), cabbage center grub (Helluala hydralis Guenée), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker), early shoot borer (Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), striped rice borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis English); leaf rollers, budworms, seed worms and fruit worms of the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth,Cydia pomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Ecdytolophaaurantiana Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneurarosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud leafroller (Eupoecilia spp. moth) (brown tortrix (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana Walsingham), barred fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), applebrown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller); and many other economically important Lepidoptera (e.g.Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, Pectinophoragossypiella Saunders, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, Carposinaniponensis Walsingham, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius, Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura, Lerodea eufala Edwards, Leucoptera scitella Zeller); eggs, nymphs and adults of the order Blattellidae, including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattaria (e.g.,Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Service), Australian cockroach ( cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier), and smooth cockroach (Symplocepallens Stephens); eggs, leaf-feeding, fruit-feeding, root-feeding, seed-feeding, and vesicular tissue-feeding larvae and adults of the order Coleoptera, including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman)), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus Kuschel), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Rice weevil weevil,oryzae Linnaeus), annual bluegrassweevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus), Denver billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leaf miners (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata) of the family Chrysomelidae. Say), western cornrootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte); scarab beetles and other beetles from the family Scarabaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popilliajaponica Newman), oriental beetle (Popilliajaponica Newman),Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud), northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), dung beetle and white grub (Aphodius species), black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), May / June beetles (Phyllophaga juncea species) and European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky); carpet beetles from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae and flourbeetles from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0065] In addition, agronomic and non-agronomic pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of the order Dermoptera, including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig (Forficulaauricularia Linnaeus), black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius));Eggs, larvae, adults and nymphs of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera, such as plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers from the family Cicadellidae (e.g., Empoasca species), potato leafhoppers, bed bugs from the family Cimicidae (e.g., Cimex lectularius Linnaeus), planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae, and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, bugs), chinchbugs from the Lygaeidae family (e.g., hairy chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southern chinch bugs (Blissus insularis Barber)), and other seed bugs from the Lygaeidae family, spittlebugs from the Cercopidae family, squash bugs from the Coreidae family, and red bugs and cotton stainers from the Coreidae family. ;

[0066] Agronomic and non-agronomic pests also include: eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari (mites), such as spider mites and red mites of the family Tetranychidae (e.g., Panonychus ulmi Koch, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychusmcdanieli McGregor); flat mites of the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); rust mites and bud mites of the family Eriophyidae. mite, as well as other leaf-feeding mites and mites of importance in human and animal health, namely, dust mites of the family Epidermoptidae, hair follicle mites of the family Demodicidae, grain mites of the family Glycyphagidae; ticks of the family Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and ticks of the family Argasidae, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros turicata), common fowl tick (Argas radiatus); scab mites and itch mites of the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults, and larvae of Orthoptera, including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius), M.differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g., American desert locust (Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal), migratory locust (Locustamigratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (Zonocerus species), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos); eggs, adults and larvae of Diptera, including leaf miners (e.g., Liriomyza species, such as serpentine vegetable leafminer (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)). leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., Fannia canicularis Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., F.femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g., Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g., Chrysomya species, Phormia species) and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., Tabanus species), bot flies (e.g., Gastrophilus species, Oestrus species), cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma species), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops species), keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes species, Anopheles species, Culex species), black flies (e.g., Prosimulium species, Simulium species), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other Nematocera; eggs, adults, and larvae of the order Thysanoptera, including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (Frankliniella species), and other leaf-feeding thrips; insect pests of the order Hymenoptera, including ants of the family Formicidae, including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotusferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicusDe Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr.Smith), bigheaded ants (Pheidole species), ghost ants (Tapinomamelanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonisLinnaeus), little fire ants (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ants (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ants (Solenopsisinvicta Buren), Argentine ants (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ants (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ants (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ants (Lasiusalienus. ) and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera, including bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion species; Cephus species); insect pests of the order Isoptera, including termites of the families Termitidae (e.g., Macrotermes species, Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., Cryptotermes species), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., Reticulitermes species, Coptotermes species, Heterotermes tenuis Hagen), Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes), and Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes). Kollar), western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Bank), Formosan white termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indian drywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), Cryptotermes brevis Walker, Drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderi Light), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as species of the genus Nasutitermes, and other termites of economic importance; insect pests of the order Thysanura, such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard);Insect pests of the order Trichophagus, including head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (MMenacanthus stramineus Nitszch), dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body louse (Bovicolaovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack humans and animals;Insect pests of the order Siphonoptera, including the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus), and other fleas that afflict mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include spiders of the order Araneae, such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes of the order Scolopendra, such as the house centipede (Scutigeracoleoptrata Linnaeus). ;

[0067] Examples of invertebrate pests in stored grain include larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), rice weevil (Stiophilus oryzae), maize weevil (Stiophilus zeamais), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), red flourbeetle (Tribolium castaneum), granary weevil (Stiophilus granarius), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), Mediterranean flourbeetle (Ephestia kuhniella), and flat or rusty grain beetle (Ephestia kuhniella). beetle)(Rusty red flat grain beetle (Cryptolestis ferrugineus)).

[0068] The compounds of the present disclosure may have activity against members of the classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala, including members of the economically important orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida, such as, but not limited to, economically important agricultural pests (i.e., root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus, etc.), as well as animal and human health pests (i.e., all economically important trematodes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses, etc.). vulgaris in dogs, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep, Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.

[0069] The compositions of the present disclosure may have activity against pests in the order Lepidoptera (e.g., Alabama argillacea Hübner (cotton leafworm), Archips argyrospila Walker (fruit leaf roller), A.rosana Linnaeus (European leaf roller) and other species of Archips, Chilo suppressalis Walker (rice borer), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenée (rice leaf roller), Crambus caliginosellus Clemens (corn root webworm), Crambus teterrellus Zincken (bluegrass webworm), Cydiapomonella Linnaeus (codling moth), Earias insulana Boisduval (spiny stem borer), Earias vittella Fabricius (spotted stem borer), Helicoverpaarmigera Hübner (American bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape leafroller), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white cabbage butterfly), Pieris rapae Linnaeus (small white cabbage butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamond back moth), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (tobacco armyworm) cutworm, clustercaterpillar), Spodoptera frugiperda JESmith (fall armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (cabbage looper) and Tutaabsoluta Meyrick (tomato leafminer).

[0070] The compositions of the present disclosure can have significant activity against members from the order Homoptera, including: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, pea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (black bean aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid, melon aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spirea aphid), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (foxglove aphid), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (strawberry aphid), Diuraphis noxia (Diuraphis noxia) and Diuraphis spp. Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Paaserini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (wooly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruniGeoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid),lettuce aphid), Pemphigus species (root aphids and gallaphids), corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch), bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus), greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae Fabricius), spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata Buckton), black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe), and brown citrus aphid (Ttoxoptera citricida Kirkaldy). aphid; Adelges species (adelgids); Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande (pecanphylloxera); Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (tobacco whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (silverleaf whitefly), Dialeurodes citri Ashmead (citrus whitefly), and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly; Empoasca fabae Harris (potato leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (smaller brown planthopper), Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes (aster leafhopper), Nephotettix cinticeps Uhler (green leafhopper), Nephotettix nigropictus, ) (rice leafhopper), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens brown planthopper), Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (corn planthopper), Sogatellafurcifera Horvath (white-backed planthopper), Sogatodes orizicola Muir (rice delphacid), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee (white appleleafhopper), Erythroneoura species (grape leafhoppers); Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus (periodical cicada); Icerya purchasi Maskell (cottony cushion scale), Quadraspidiotusperniciosus Comstock (San Jose scale); Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); mealybug); Pseudococcus species (other mealybug groups); pear psylla (Cacopsyllapyricola Foerster), persimmon psylla (Trioza diospyri Ashmead).

[0071] The compositions of the disclosure may also have activity against members from the order Hemiptera, including: Acrosternum hilare Say (green stink bug), Anasa tristis DeGeer (squash bug), Blissus leucopterus Say (chinchbug), Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (bedbug), Corythuca gossypiiFabricius (cotton lace bug), Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant (tomatobug), Dysdercus suturellus Herrich- ) (cottonstainer), brown stink bug (Euchistus servus Say), one-spotted stink bug (Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois), Graptosthetus species (complex of seed bugs), Halymorpha halys )(brown marmorated stink bug), Leptoglossus corculus Say, leaf-footed pine seed bug, Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, tarnished plant bug, Nezara viridula Linnaeus (southern green stink bug), Oebalus pugnax Fabricius (rice stink bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (large milkweed bug), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter, cotton fleahopper. Other insect orders controlled by the compounds of the present disclosure include Thysanoptera (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, westernflower thrips, Scirthothrips citri Moulton, citrus thrips, Sericothrips variabilis Beach, soybean thrips, and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips); and Coleoptera (e.g., Colorado potato beetle, Mexican bean beetle, and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athous, or Limonius).

[0072] In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure can be used to control western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure can be used to control potato leafhoppers (Empoasca fabae). In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure can be used to control cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii). In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure can be used to control diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella L.). In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure can be used to control silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring).

[0073] In terms of cyantraniliprole of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure are effective against the following: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cerotoma trifurcata bean leaf beetle, Chaetocnema concinna beet flea beetle, Epilax varivestis Mexican beetle, Epitrix cucumeris potato flea beetle, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle, Oulemaoryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. spp.flea beetles), Curculionidae, Anthonomuseugenii pepper weevil, Ceutorhynchus napi cabbage stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus quadridens cabbage seed-stalk curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Hypera bruneipennis Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica alfalfa weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Nitidulidae, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Scarabaeidae, Cotinis nitida green June beetlebeetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, grubs, Popilliajaponica Japanese beetle, Diptera, Agromyzidae, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Anthomyiidae, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platuraseedcorn maggot, Muscidae, Atherigona oryzae rice seedlingfly), Psilidae, Psila rosae carrot fly, Tephritidae, Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly, Anasterpha striata guavafruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly, Bactroceradorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Chromatomyiahorticola garden pea leafminer, Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruitfly, Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruitfly, Rhagoletisindifferens western cherry fruit fly), Rhagoletispomonella apple maggot, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Dialeurodes citri citrus whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis glycines soybean aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melonaphid, Aphis nasturtii buckthorn aphid, Aphis pomi greenapple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthumsolani foxglove aphid, Brachycaudus persicae black peach aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Chromaphisjuglandicola European walnut aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosyapple aphid, Hyalopterus pruni mealy plum aphid, Lipaphiserysimi mustard aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphumeuphorbiae potato aphid, Myzuspersicae green peach aphid, peachpotato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae plum aphid, Schizaphis graminumgreenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Therioaphis maculata spotted alfalfa aphid, Toxoptera citricidabrown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Cicadellidae, Empoasca fabae leafhopper / jassid complex, Empoasca vitisgreen frogfly, Hortensia similis common green leafhopper leafhopper), Idioscopus spp.mango leafhopper, Jacobiascalybica cotton jassid, Nephotettix spp.rice greenleafhopper complex, Typhlocyba rosae rose leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper, Coreidae Leptocorisaoratorius rice bug, rice ear bug, paddy bug, Delphacidae, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Diaspididae, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale, Flatidae, Metcalfa pruinosa citrus flatidplanthopper), Pentatomidae, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs, Edessa spp. stink bugs, Psyllidae, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Trioza eugeniae eugenia psyllid, lillypilly psyllid, Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae, Hoplocampa testudinea European apple sawfly, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer), Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Pectinophora gossypiellapink bollworm, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Gracilariariidae, Gracilaria theivora tea leafroller, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter coryfoliella nut leaf blister moth, Phyllonorycter crataegella apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycterelmaella western tentiform leafminerleafminer), Hesperiidae, Borbocinara rice leafroller, Lyonetiidae, Leucoptera coffeellawhite coffee leafminer, Leucoptera scitella pear leaf blistermoth, Lyonetia clerkella peach, leaf miner, Noctuidae, Agrotis segetum common cutworm, Alabamaargillacea cotton leafworn, Autographa californica alfalfalooper, Barathra brassicae cabbage armyworm, Chrysodeixis chalcites green garden looper, Chrysodeixis eriosomagreen semi-looper, Earias insulana Egyptian bollworm, Earias vittella northern rough bollworm, Feltia subterranea granulate cutworm, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Prodenia ornithogalli yellow-striped armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta true armyworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferenspink(rice)stemworm), Spodopteraeridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoraliscotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia nicabbage looper, Phyllocnistidae, Phyllocnistis citrellacitrus leafminer, Pieridae, Colias eurytheme alfalfacaterpillar, Leptophobia aripa green-eyed white, Pieris brassicaecabbage butterfly), large white, Pieris rapae imported cabbage worm, cabbage white, Plutellidae, Plutellaxylostella diamondback moth, Pyralidae, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillar, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, Diaphania indica cotton caterpillar, Diaphania nitidaltis melonworm, Hellula hydralis cabbage center grub, Hellula undalis cabbagewebworm), Lerodea eufala rice leaffolder, Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer, Maruca testulalis bean pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis small tomato borer, Nymphula depunctalis rice caseworm, Ostrinia furnicalis Asiancorn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Sphingidae, Manduca sexta tomato hornworm, tobacco hornworm, Smerinthus spp. sphinx moths, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit borer tortrix), Argyrotaenia pulchellana grape tortrix, Argyrotaenia velutinana red-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Cydia prunivora lesser apple worm, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Pandemis heparana apple brown tortrix, Pandemis limitata three-lined leaf roller, Paramyelois transitella navelorangeworm), Platynota idaeusalis tufted applebud moth, Platynota stultana omnivorus leafroller, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniellafusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flowerthrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei common blossom thrips, Frankliniellatritici eastern flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpeathrips, Megalurothrips usitatus bean blossom thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips), Scirthothrips dorsalis yellowtea thrips, chilli thrips, Sericothrips variabilis soybeanthrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis oriental rice thrips, Thrips arizonensis cotton thrips, Thrips meridionalis peach thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0074] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure are effective against: Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema oryzae leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer), Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativaeserpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii Americanserpentine leafminer, Delia antiqua onion fly, Deliaplatura seedcorn maggot, Psila rosae carrot fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olivefly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletispomonella apple maggot, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whiteflywhitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivoracowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis gossypii cottonaphid, melon aphid, Aphis pomi green apple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginearosy apple aphid, Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid, Myzuspersicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphumpadi bird cherry oat aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Toxoptera citricida browncitrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Empoasca vitis green frogfly, Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale), Euschistus spp. brownstinkbugs), Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratriozacockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophagaincertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twigborer, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Leucopteracoffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cottonleafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm earworm), Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferenspink (rice) stem borer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fallarmyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodopteralitura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbeancaterpillar, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Pieris brassicaecabbagebutterfly、large white、Pieris rapae imported cabbageworm、cabbage white、Plutella xylostella diamondback moth、Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer、Cnaphalocerusmedinalis rice leaffolder、Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruitborer、Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer、Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer、Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-bandedleafroller、Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth、Cydia pomonella codling moth、Grapholita molesta oriental fruitmoth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniellafusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flowerthrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellowtea thrips, chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0075] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure are effective against: Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Liromyza huidobrensis pealeafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisumpea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis gossypii cottonaphid, melon aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta tomatoleafminer, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American cotton bollwormbollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigeraclimbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stem borer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beetarmyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodopteralittoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoeciliaambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothripsdorsalis yellow teathrips), chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melonthrips and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cottonthrips.

[0076] In terms of the chlorantraniliprole of the present disclosure, the composition of the present disclosure is effective against the following: Coleoptera (Chrysomelida, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Curculionidae, Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus rice water weevil, Listronotus maculicollis annualbluegrass weevil, Oryzophagus oryzae rice water weevil, Sphenophorus spp. Billbug, Scarabaeidae Ataenius spretulus black turfgrass ataenius, Aphodius spp. scarab beetles, Cotinis nitida green June beetle, beetle, Cyclocephala spp. masked chafers, Exomala orientalis oriental beetle grub, Maladera castanea Asiatic garden beetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, Popillia japonica Japanese beetle and Rhizotrogus majalis European chafer); Diptera (Agromyzidae, Chromatomyiahorticola garden pea leafminer and Liriomyza spp. Leafminers); Hemiptera (Aleyrodidae, Bemisia spp.Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Cicadellidae, and Typhlocyba pomaria white appleleafhopper); Isoptera (Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermestenuis sugarcane termite, Termitidae, Microtermes obesisugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite); and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Estigmene acrea saltmarsh caterpillar, Crambidae, Achyra rantalis garden webworm, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, etc.). leaffolder), Ostrinia nubilalisEuropean corn borer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peachtwig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tuta absolutaS.American tomato pinworm, Geometridae, Operophtherabrumata winter moth, Gracilaridae, Phyllocnistis citrellacitrus leafminer, Lithocolletis ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Lyonetidae, Leucoptera spp. (i.e., malifoliella, coffee leafminer), pear leaf blister moth, Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabamaargillacea cotton leafworm, Amphipyra pyramidoides humped greenfruitworm), Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Autographa gamma common silver Y moth, Barathra brassicae cabbagearmyworm, Earias spp. (i.e. huegeliana, insulana, vitella) rough, spiny, northern rough bollworm, Helicoverpa spp.(i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms), Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Lithophane antennata green fruitworm, Mamestra brassicae cabbage moth, Orthosia hibisci green fruitworm, Phalaenoides glycinae grape vine moth, Phytometra acuta tomato semi-looper, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage moth looper), Pieridae, Pieris spp. (i.e., brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutellidae, Plutella xylostella diamondbackmoth, Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (i.e., infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Crambus spp. sod webworm, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage clustercaterpillar, Diaphania species melon borer spp.(i.e., Hyalinata, Nitidalis) melonworm), pickleworm, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus lesserstalk borer, Evergestis rimosalis cross-stripped cabbageworm, Hedylepta indicata soybean leaffolder, Hellula spp. (i.e., Hydralis, Undalis) cabbage centre-grub, cabbage webworm, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Maruca spp. pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalistomato small borer), Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stemborer, Sesamia spp. (i.e. inferens, nonagrioides) pink stemborer / corn stalk borer, Sphingidae, Manducaspp. (i.e. quinquemaculata, sexta) tomato / tobacco hornworm, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix, Argyrotaenia spp. (i.e. pulchellana, velutinana) grape tortrix, redbanded leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Brazilian appleleafroller), Carposina spp.niponensis, sasak peach fruit borer), peach fruit moth, Choristoneurarosaceana obliquebanded leafroller, Cryptophlebia leucotreta false codling moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Ecdytolopha aurantiana citrus borer, Endopiza vitana grapeberry moth, Epiphyas postvittana light brown apple moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth, Pandemis spp. (i.e., cerasana, heparana, barred fruit tree tortrix, limitata, pyrusana) apple brown tortrix), three-lined leafroller, (apple pandemic), Platynota spp. (i.e., idaeusalis, stultana) tufted apple bud moth, omnivorous leafroller, Zygaenidae, and Harrisina spp. (i.e., americana, brillian) grapeleaf / western grapeleaf skeletonizer.

[0077] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure are effective against: Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermestenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite, Ostrinianubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tutaabsoluta S. American tomato pinworm), Phyllocnistis citrella citrusleafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiformleafminer, Leucoptera spp. (i.e. malifoliella, coffeeella) coffee leafminer, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm, Anticarsia gemmatalisvelvetbean caterpillar, Helicoverpa spp.(i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms), Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, (fall armyworm), Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Pieris spp. (i.e., brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (i.e., infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis riceleafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcaneborer, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (i.e., inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Carposina spp.niponensis, sasaki peach fruit borer), peach fruit moth, Choristoneura rosaceana obliquebanded leafroller, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholitamolesta oriental fruit moth, and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0078] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure are effective against: Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvet bean borer, caterpillar), Helicoverpa spp. (i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms), Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm), fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp.Infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis sugarcane / rice stem borers), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0079] plant

[0080] Therefore, these compositions of the present invention can be used to protect agronomic field crops, other non-agronomic horticultural crops and plants from the infringement of herbivorous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e., agronomy and non-agronomy) containing genetic materials introduced by genetic engineering (i.e., transgenic) or modified by mutagenesis to provide favorable traits. Examples of such traits include tolerance to herbicides, resistance to herbivorous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance to adverse growth conditions (such as high or low temperatures, low soil moisture or high soil moisture, and high salinity), increased flowering or fruiting, larger harvest yields, faster maturation, higher quality and / or nutritional value of harvested products, or improved storage or processing characteristics of harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express a variety of traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include corn, cotton, soybean and potato varieties expressing Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, such as and INVICTA RR2 PROTM, and herbicide-tolerant corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed varieties, such as and As well as crops expressing N-acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicides, or crops containing HRA genes that provide resistance to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). The compositions of the present invention can interact synergistically with traits introduced by genetic engineering or modified by mutagenesis to enhance the phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the traits, or increase the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the compounds and compositions of the present invention. Specifically, the compositions of the present invention can interact synergistically with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products that are toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater than additive control of these pests, i.e., produce a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

[0081] Plants within the scope of the present disclosure include crops, vegetables, fruits, trees other than fruit trees, lawns and other uses (flowers, biofuel plants and ornamental foliage). Crops include: corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beets, rapeseed, sunflowers, sugar cane, tobacco and other crops known in the art. Vegetables include: Solanaceae vegetables (e.g., eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, pepper, and potato); Cucurbitaceae vegetables (e.g., cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, and melon); Cruciferae vegetables (e.g., Japanese radish, white radish, horseradish, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, kale, mustard greens, broccoli, and cauliflower); Asteraceae vegetables (e.g., burdock, chrysanthemum, artichoke, and lettuce); Liliaceae vegetables (e.g., green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus); Apiaceae vegetables (e.g., carrot, parsley, celery, and parsnip); Chenopodiaceae vegetables (e.g., spinach and Swiss chard); and Mint family vegetables (e.g., basil, mint, and basil). Fruits include: pome fruits (e.g., apples, pears, Japanese pears, tangerines, plums, cherries, apricots, and prunes); hard-fleshed fruits (e.g., peaches, plums, nectarines, apricots, cherry fruits, apricots, and prunes); citrus fruits (e.g., mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits); nuts (e.g., chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, hickory, pistachios, cashews, and macadamia nuts); berry fruits (e.g., blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, strawberries, and raspberries); grapes; kaki; persimmon; olives; Japanese plums; bananas; coffee; date palms; coconuts; and oil palms. Trees other than fruit trees include: tea; mulberry; and other trees (e.g., ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, Judas, sweet gum, plane, beech, Japanese arborvitae, fir, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, yew, elm, and Japanese horse chestnut), coral tree, podocarp, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, croton, Japanese sea euonymus, and photinia). Lawn uses include: turf (e.g., zoysia, abaca); bermudagrass; chaff; fescue; ryegrass. Flowers include: roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, lisianthus, baby's breath, gerberas, marigolds, sage, petunias, verbena, tulips, asters, gentians, lilies, pansies, cyclamen, orchids, lily of the valley, lavender, violets, ornamental cabbages, primroses, poinsettias, gladiolus, cattleyas, daisies, orchids, and begonias. Plants for biofuels include: jatropha, safflower, camelina, switchgrass, migratoria, phalaenopsis, arundo donax, kenaf, cassava, and willow.

[0082] Non-agricultural uses

[0083] Non-agricultural use refers to invertebrate pest control in areas outside of crop plant fields. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions of the present invention include invertebrate pest control in stored grains, beans and other foods and textiles such as clothes and carpets. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions of the present invention also include invertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, gardens, roadsides and railroad lands and turf such as lawns, golf courses and pastures. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions of the present invention also include invertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings that may be occupied by humans and / or companion animals, farm animals, ranch animals, zoo animals or other animals. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions of the present invention also include the control of pests such as termites that may damage wood or other structural materials used in buildings.

[0084] The non-agricultural uses of the composition of the present invention also include protecting human and animal health by preventing and controlling parasitic or invertebrate pests that spread infectious diseases. The control of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that parasitize on the surface of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner thighs) and internal parasites that parasitize in the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestines, lungs, veins, subcutaneous, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease-spreading pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms and worms. The composition of the present disclosure is suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic prevention and control of parasites on animals or infections. The composition of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for resisting external parasitic or disease-spreading pests. The compositions of the present disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest the following animals: agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees; pet animals and domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish; and so-called laboratory animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By combating these parasites, mortality and performance decline (in meat, milk, wool, fur, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, so the application of the compositions of the present disclosure allows more economical and simple animal husbandry.

[0085] Water is optionally used as a medium. In one embodiment, water is substantially absent. In one embodiment, water is present in an amount of at least about 30 wt %. In one embodiment, water is present in an amount of at least about 35 wt %.

[0086] The dispersant can disperse the active ingredient in the formulation and prevent agglomeration after dispersion in water. In one embodiment, the dispersant is selected from naphthalenesulfonate derivatives or ligninsulfonate derivatives.

[0087] In some aspects, the dispersant may include at least one polymeric surfactant. Polymeric surfactants are classified into several categories, including but not limited to block copolymers, random copolymers, graft copolymers, and star polymers. Polymeric surfactants may be nonionic or anionic. Non-limiting examples of block copolymers include Atlas TM G-5000 and Atlas TM G-5002L (butyl block copolymer). A non-limiting example of a graft copolymer is 4913 (a methyl methacrylate graft copolymer backbone with PEG extending therefrom). A non-limiting example of a nonionic polymer is Break DA 647. Non-limiting examples of anionic polymers are modified styrene acrylic polymers (e.g. Metasperse TM 550s) or lignin sulfonates (e.g. Reax 88B or Borresperse NA).

[0088] In one embodiment, the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonate condensates, naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers containing formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate condensates sodium salts, naphthalenesulfonate condensates, naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers containing formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalenesulfonate condensates sodium salts, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of sodium ligninsulfonate, calcium ligninsulfonate, sodium ligninsulfonate, ligninsulfonic acid, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of Atlox 4913, Atlas TM In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from an anionic dispersant. In another embodiment, the anionic dispersant is selected from, but not limited to, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D-400 and Morwet D-809), ligninsulfonates (e.g., Reax 88B and Polyfon F), blends of ligninsulfonates and naphthalenesulfonates (e.g., Morwet D-360 and Morwet D-390), Morwet D-500 (a blend of Morwet D-425 and a block copolymer), phenolsulfonate condensates (e.g., DN), polyacrylates (e.g. Agrilan 789 and Agrilan 700), polyacrylate graft copolymers (e.g. Dispersogen ACP 120), sodium salts of fatty acid methyl taurine (e.g. Hostapon TPHC), sodium salts of cresol-formaldehyde condensation products (e.g. Dispersogen 1494), styrene acrylic acid copolymers (e.g. Metasperse 550S), alkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphates (e.g. Crodafos C10 / 5A and Dextrol OC-180), ethoxylated arylphenol phosphates (e.g. Soprophor FLK), ethoxylated arylphenol sulfates (e.g. Soprophor 4D384), maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers (e.g. CP 5 and CP 7), maleic acid / olefin copolymers (e.g. CP 9), alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates (such as Dowfax 3B2 and Dowfax C10L), and salts of polymers and copolymers of vinyl ethers (such as EasySperse TM P-20).

[0089] In one embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt %. In another embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt %. In another embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %. In another embodiment, the dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 3 wt %.

[0090] The wetting agent can assist the milling process. In one embodiment, the wetting agent is a gemini surfactant. In another embodiment, the wetting agent is a gemini surfactant comprising at least two polar groups selected from alcohol, halogen, amine, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonate, and carboxylate. In another embodiment, the wetting agent is a gemini surfactant comprising at least two branched or unbranched C1-C1 12 Alkyl, branched or unbranched C1-C 12 Alkenyl, and branched or unbranched C1-C 12 In another embodiment, the wetting agent is a surfactant comprising a hydrophobic chain selected from the group consisting of C1-C 12 Alkyl, C1-C 12 Alkenyl and C1-C 12In another embodiment, the wetting agent is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol (Surfynol 104). In another embodiment, the wetting agent is 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol ethoxylate (Dynol 607).

[0091] In one embodiment, the gemini surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %. In another embodiment, the gemini surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt %. The gemini surfactant may be present as a wetting agent, a molecular defoamer, or a combination thereof.

[0092] In one embodiment, the ratio of dispersant to gemini surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 1:1 to about 20:1. In another embodiment, the ratio of dispersant to gemini surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 1:1 to about 10:1. In another embodiment, the ratio of dispersant to gemini surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 3:1 to about 6:1. In one other embodiment, the ratio of dispersant to gemini surfactant is about 4:1.

[0093] In one embodiment, the wetting agent is not a gemini surfactant.The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise one or more wetting agents from the group of nonionic surfactants.

[0094] Nonionic surfactants

[0095] The non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylates, siloxanes / silicones, alkylphenol alkoxylates, fatty acid alkoxylates, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty acid amides, end-capped alkoxylates, fatty acid esters of polyols, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, fatty acid esters of sucrose, alkyl polyglucosides, amine oxides, and combinations thereof. Alkoxy groups can suitably be ethoxy, propoxy, or a combination of ethoxy and propoxy groups in random or block configurations.

[0096] In more detail, non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include: alcohol alkoxylates (such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural alcohols and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides (such as ethoxylated soybean oil, castor oil and rapeseed oil); alkylphenol alkoxylates (e.g., octyl- (such as X series), nonyl- (such as HP series), dinonyl-, or dodecyl-); ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils (such as Break SP 133); ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenols (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerides, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylated esters (such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters); other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers (such as block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and trans-block polymers in which the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids), alkyd PEG (polyethylene glycol) resins, alkyd copolyesters, graft or comb polymers and star polymers; polyethylene glycol (PEG); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; sugar derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides; and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant is Agnique PG 9116.

[0097] In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises at least one nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, sorbitan ethoxylate esters, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monolaurate (e.g., Span TM 20), Sorbitan monopalmitate (e.g., Span TM 40), sorbitan monostearate (e.g., Span TM 60), sorbitan tristearate (e.g., Span TM 65), sorbitan monooleate (e.g., Span TM 80), sorbitan trioleate (e.g., Span TM 85), and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters include 20. twenty one, 40. 60. 80. and L24-4. Non-limiting examples of sorbitol ethoxylate esters that may be suitable for use in the biopesticides described herein include polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate (e.g., TV), polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate (e.g., G-1086), polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate (e.g., G-1096), polyoxyethylene oleate-laurate (e.g., Atlox ), and combinations thereof. Polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters and sorbitol ethoxylate esters having a degree of ethoxylation of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally suitable.

[0098] In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component can include at least one organosilicone surfactant. Non-limiting examples of organosilicone surfactants within the scope of the present disclosure include: polyether siloxanes (e.g., Break OE441); polyether trisiloxane (e.g., Break S240, Break S233); polyoxyethylene dimethylsiloxane (e.g., Dyne- (mixture with methylated seed oil); polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane (e.g., KF-640 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.); polyoxyalkylene modified polymethyl siloxane (e.g., Kinetic manufactured by Helena Chemical); polyoxyethylene propyl heptamethyl trisiloxane (e.g., SF19); polyether-modified polysiloxanes (e.g., Quark (mixture with alkylphenol ethoxylate)); hydroxypropyl heptamethyl trisiloxane (e.g., (mixtures with ethoxylated acetates, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acetate and polyethylene glycol diacetate); polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyl trisiloxane (e.g. L77); polyether / polymethylsiloxane copolymers (e.g., Syl- ); polyoxyethylene-modified polydimethylsiloxane (e.g., ); polyoxyallyloxy heptamethyl trisiloxane; siloxane / polyoxyalkylene copolymers (e.g., Vestis TM (with a mixture of polyoxyalkylenes)). In some aspects, the nonionic organosilicone surfactant is a polyether trisiloxane, such as, for example, Break S240 (mixture of polyether trisiloxane and alcohol ethoxylate (CAS 9043-30-5)), Break S321, Break S200, Break OE 441, Break S278, Break S243, Break S233, L-77, 408, HS429, HS 312, Y-12808, L-7607, L-7602, L-7210, L-7002, L-720, and L-7200, 309, and 2848, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the organosilicone surfactant is Break S240. In some aspects, the organosilicone surfactant is HS 312.

[0099] In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component can include at least one alcohol alkoxylate surfactant, at least one alkylphenol alkoxylate surfactant, at least one seed oil alkoxylate surfactant (e.g., SA-4, SA-7, SA-9 and SA-15), at least one alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant, at least one tallow amine alkoxylate surfactant, at least one fatty acid alkoxylate surfactant, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the alkoxylate can be end-capped. Alcohol alkoxylates generally comprise a hydrophobic alkyl chain attached to a hydrophilic alkoxy chain via an ether bond and have the general formula R-(OC 2-4 ) n -OH. R can be C 6-18 Straight or branched alkyl. Alkoxy moiety (OC 2-4 ) can be ethoxy, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl. In some aspects, the alkoxy moiety can be a block copolymer of polymerized ethoxy and polymerized propoxy or polymerized butoxy, and n can suitably be an integer from 2 to 100. Suitable alcohol alkoxylates include linear alcohol alkoxylates, branched alcohol alkoxylates, secondary alcohol alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of alcohol alkoxylates include: SL-42(C 6-10 -(PO)3(EO)6); SL-62(C 6-10 -(PO)3(EO)8); the general structure is Guerbet C 10 -(PO) a (EO) b of XL series, including but not limited to XL-40, XL-50, XL-60, XL-70, XL-79, XL-80, XL-89, XL-90, XL-99, XL-100 and XL-140; general structure is Guerbet C 10 -(EO) a of XP series, including but not limited to XP-40, XP-50, XP-60, XP-70, XP-79, XP-80, XP-89, XP-90, XP-99, XP-100; general structure is oxygen-substituted C 10 -(EO) a of ON series, including but not limited to ON-30, ON-50, ON-60, ON-70, ON-80, ON-110; general structure is oxy-C 13 / 15 -(EO) a of AO series, including but not limited to AO-3, AO-5, AO-7, AO-79, AO-8, AO-11; general structure is oxo-C 13 -(EO) a of TO series, including but not limited to TO-6, TO-65, TO-7, TO-79, TO-8, TO-89, TO-10, TO-109, TO-12, TO-129, TO-15, TO-20; the general structure is oxygen-substituted C 11- C 14- -Rich C 13 (EO) a of TDA series, including but not limited to TDA-6, TDA8, TDA-9, TDA-10; the general structure is 2-ethylhexyl (PO) m (EO) n of EH series, including EH-3, EH-6 and EH-9; SA series, including SA-4(C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)4), SA-7(C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)7) and SA-9(C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)9); 15-S-3, 15-S-5, 15-S-7, 15-S-9, 15-S-12, 15-S-15, 15-S-20, 15-S-30 and 15-S-40; L-61, L-62, L-64, L-81, and L-101; TMN-3, TMN-6, and TMN-10, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the alcohol alkoxylate is TDA 6. In some aspects, the alcohol alkoxylate is TO 6. In some aspects, the alcohol alkoxylate is TO 8.

[0100] In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component can include at least one polymeric surfactant. Polymeric surfactants are divided into several categories, including but not limited to block copolymers, random copolymers, graft copolymers and star polymers. Non-limiting examples of polymer monomer units include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrylic acid, styrene, methacrylic acid, hydroxy stearate and ester (e.g., alkyd). Examples include but are not limited to EO / PO block copolymers, acrylic acid / styrene copolymers, methacrylic acid copolymers, polyhydroxy stearate derivatives, alkyd PEG resin derivatives, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of block copolymers include Atlas TM G-5000 and Atlas TM G-5002L (butyl block copolymer). A non-limiting example of a graft copolymer is 4913 (a methyl methacrylate graft copolymer backbone with PEG extending therefrom). In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises 4913. In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises Atlas TM G-5000. In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises 4913、Atlas TM G-5000 and TDA 6.

[0101] In one embodiment, the non-gluconate nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt %. In another embodiment, the non-gluconate nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %. In another embodiment, the non-gluconate nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt %. In another embodiment, the non-gluconate nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt %.

[0102] Anionic surfactant component

[0103] The composition of the present disclosure may include one or more anionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants include: alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and salts thereof; carboxylated alcohols; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; olefin sulfonates; phosphates, such as phosphates of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphates of alkylphenol alkoxylates, and phosphates of styrylphenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styrylphenol ether sulfates; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of alkoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides, such as N, N-alkyl taurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecylbenzene and tridecylbenzene; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene; sulfonates of petroleum grades; sulfosuccinamates; sulfosuccinates and their derivatives, such as dialkyl sulfosuccinates; and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of cationic counterions of anionic surfactants in the form of salts may include, but are not limited to, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium, or (C 1-6 )alkylammonium cation.

[0104] Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants within the scope of the present disclosure include: ammonium lauryl sulfate; magnesium lauryl sulfate; sodium 2-ethyl-hexyl sulfate; sodium octyl sulfate; sodium oleyl sulfate; sodium tridecyl sulfate; triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; ammonium nonylphenol ether sulfate; ammonium nonoxynol-4-sulfate sulfosuccinamate; tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecyl sulfosuccinamate; dipentyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT75PG); calcium naphthalenesulfonate ( 19LCAD); Sodium methyl oleyl taurate ( T-77); sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; N-methyl taurine N-oleyl ester; 1,4-dioctyloxy-1,4-dioxo-butane-2-sulfonic acid; sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium lauryl ether sulfate (Steol CS-370); calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ( 60BE and 70B); isopropylamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Bio- N-411); and sodium diisopropylnaphthalenesulfonate ( IP). In some aspects, the anionic surfactant is Aerosol OT 75PG.

[0105] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the surfactant component may comprise a mixture of at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one anionic surfactant.

[0106] In one embodiment, the non-gemini anionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%. In another embodiment, the non-gemini nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%. In another embodiment, the non-gemini nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%. In another embodiment, the non-gemini nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%.

[0107] Other surfactants

[0108] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the surfactant component may optionally include at least one cationic surfactant. Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines (such as N-alkylpropylenediamine, tripropylenetriamine and dipropylenetetramine); ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared by amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as ammonium acetate and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; amine oxides, such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides; and combinations thereof.

[0109] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the surfactant component may optionally include at least one zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactant. Non-limiting examples of zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants include betaines, N-alkyl glycines, N-alkyl propionic acids, N-alkyl aminobutyric acids, N-alkyl iminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkyl amidopropyl glycine, N-alkyl taurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, 2-alkyl aminopropionic acids, C-containing 8-18 Alkyl alkyl aminoacetic acids, and combinations thereof.

[0110] The total surfactant content in the concentrate composition of the present disclosure may suitably be about 5 wt.%, about 10 wt.%, about 15 wt.%, about 20 wt.%, about 25 wt.%. The weight ratio of surfactant to diamide insecticide is suitably about 10:1, about 7.5:1, about 5:1, about 2.5:1, about 2:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.25:1, about 1.1:1, about 1:1, about 1:1.1, about 1:1.25, about 1:1.5, about 1:2, about 1:2.5, about 1:5, about 1:7.5, or about 1:10, and ranges therein, such as from about 10:1 to about 1:10, from about 5:1 to about 1:5, from about 2.5:1 to about 1:2.5, from about 1.1:1 to about 1:1.1, from about 1:1 to about 1:1.25, from about 1:1 to about 1:1.2, from about 1:1 to about 1:1.5, or from about 1:1 to about 1:1.1.

[0111] In aspects where the surfactant component comprises one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more anionic surfactants, the weight ratio of total nonionic surfactant to total anionic surfactant is suitably about 5:1, about 4:1, about 3.5:1, about 3.25:1, about 3:1, about 2.75:1, about 2.5:1, about 2.25:1, about 2:1, about 1.75:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.25:1, or about 1:1, and ranges therefrom, such as from about 5:1 to about 1:1, from about 3.5:1 to about 1:1, from about 3.5:1 to about 1.5:1, from about 3.25:1 to about 1.75:1, from about 3:1 to about 1.75:1, from about 2.75:1 to about 1.75:1, or from about 2.75:1 to about 1.5:1. In such aspects, the total nonionic surfactant content in the concentrate composition is suitably about 2 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 10 wt.%, about 12.5 wt.%, about 15 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 20 wt.%, about 22.5 wt.%, about 25 wt.%, about 30 wt.%, about 35 wt.%, and ranges consisting thereof, such as from about 2 wt.% to about 35 wt.%, from about 5 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, from about 10 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, from about 12.5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or from about 12.5 wt.% to about 17.5 wt.%. In such aspects, the total anionic surfactant content in the concentrate composition is suitably about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.75 wt.%, about 1 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, 2 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 6 wt.%, about 7 wt.%, about 8 wt.%, about 9 wt.%, about 10 wt.%, about 12.5 wt.%, about 15 wt.%, about 20 wt.%, or about 25 wt.%, and ranges consisting thereof, such as from about 2 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, from about 2.5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, from about 2.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, from about 2.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or from about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%.

[0112] Auxiliary agents

[0113] In some aspects, one or more adjuvants can be used. In some aspects, the adjuvant is selected from a dispersant, a surfactant, a biocide, a defoamer, an antifreeze agent, a rheology modifier, a wetting agent, a solvent, and a combination thereof.

[0114] The amount of adjuvant added to the tank mix is ​​usually no more than about 2.5% by volume, and more typically the amount is from about 0.1% to about 1% by volume. The application rate of adjuvant added to the tank mix is ​​typically between about 1L and 5L per hectare.

[0115] For aerial application, in some embodiments, the amount of adjuvant added to the tank mixture is generally no more than about 2.5% by volume, typically the amount is from about 0.25% to about 1% by volume, and more typically the amount is from about 0.125% to about 0.5% by volume. The application rate of the adjuvant added to the tank mixture is typically between about 1L and 5L per hectare.

[0116] Antifreeze can prevent the formulation from freezing. In one embodiment, the antifreeze is selected from propylene glycol, glycerine, urea, and combinations thereof. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the antifreeze is propylene glycol. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the antifreeze is glycerine. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the antifreeze is a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerine.

[0117] Biocides can prevent bacterial growth. Suitable biocides include, but are not limited to, bactericides such as Legend TM MK (a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone and 2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), formaldehyde, benzoic acid, or 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one or a salt thereof, for example, BD or GXL (Arch Company), Acticide LA 1209, Acticide SPX, Proxel GXL, KathonCG / ICP and KathonCG / ICPII. In one embodiment, the biocide is selected from 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, and combinations thereof.

[0118] In one embodiment, the biocide is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%. In another embodiment, the biocide is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In another embodiment, the non-gluconate nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%. In another embodiment, the biocide is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.1 wt%.

[0119] Defoamers can prevent foaming during the manufacture and handling of the product. In one embodiment, the defoamer is selected from silicone-based emulsions (e.g., Xiameter AFE 0100, SAG 1572, Agnique DFM 111S, Break Thru AF 9903). In one embodiment, the defoamer is Agnique DFM 111S. In another embodiment, the defoamer is Dowsil AFE3101.

[0120] In one embodiment, the defoamer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%. In another embodiment, the defoamer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In another embodiment, the defoamer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%.

[0121] Rheology modifiers can prevent sedimentation and settling. In one embodiment, the rheology modifier is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, suitable commercially available rheology modifiers include, for example, Van Gel B, Veegum K, Veegum HS, Veegum T, Veegum Pure, Veegum R, Acti-gel 208, Rhodopol 23, Aerosil, R 202, R 805, R 812S, R816, R 972, R 974, 200, 300, In one embodiment, the rheology modifier is Acti-Gel 208. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is Rhodopol 23. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is a combination of Acti-Gel 208 and Rhodopol 23.

[0122] In one embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 4 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt%. In another embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.1 wt%.

[0123] In an optional step, the dispersion can be wet milled to reduce the average median particle size D50 (50th percentile of the cumulative particle size distribution) to less than about 10 μm and the average particle size D90 (90th percentile of the cumulative particle size distribution) to less than about 30 μm. The particle size Dx means that x% of the particles have a particle size less than the indicated numerical value. The particle size can be measured by a laser diffraction instrument known to those skilled in the art. Wet milling can be carried out in process equipment known in the art such as a ball mill or a colloid mill. In one embodiment, the D50 particle size is less than about 10 μm and the D90 particle size is less than about 30 μm. In another embodiment, the D50 particle size is less than about 5 μm and the D90 particle size is less than about 10 μm. In another embodiment, the D50 particle size is less than about 2 μm and the D90 particle size is less than about 5 μm.

[0124] One goal of the present disclosure is to minimize the difference between the true density and the apparent density of the SC formulation. The true density of the SC formulation is the density in the absence of aeration. The true density is usually measured by a dilution method such as the CIPAC MT 3.3.1 method (Cipac Handbook [Cipac Manual], Volume F, Physico-Chemical Methods for Technical and Formualted Pesticides [Physico-Chemical Methods for Technical and Formulated Pesticides], 1995, 18 pages). The apparent density of the formulation is the density measured immediately after stirring or shaking. In a typical procedure, the tested formulation is placed in a 250mL Nalgene bottle so that about 50% of the head space remains in the bottle. The bottle is capped and placed on a wrist shaker and shaken for 10min. The formulation is then immediately poured into a pre-tared cylinder to the 50mL mark and the weight is recorded. The recorded weight is divided by the volume (50mL in this case), and the result is the apparent density at T=0min. Afterwards, the volume is recorded at the 5th, 15th and 30th minutes. The apparent density at each time point is calculated, which indicates how fast the air escapes from the preparation. The different data points of the apparent density are then plotted on a graph, the X-axis of which is time and the Y-axis is the apparent density. When the apparent density at T=0min is close to the true density, the best results are obtained. In one embodiment, the true density is 1.255g / cc. When the true density of the preparation is 1.255g / cc, any apparent density below 1.150g / cc at T=0min is considered unacceptable. When the true density of the preparation is 1.255g / cc, any apparent density above 1.150g / cc at T=0min is considered acceptable. The reduction of trapped air can also be represented by subtracting the apparent density from the true density and dividing the result by the true density. In one embodiment, the entrapped air is less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, or less than about 1%. In one embodiment, less than 10% entrapped air is acceptable.

[0125] In the present disclosure, dispersibility in water is evaluated by the spontaneity of the dispersion of the formulation in water. The spontaneity of the dispersion of the formulation in water is visually evaluated by adding an aliquot of about 0.5 ml of the concentrate to about 50 ml of water (such as Cipac D, 342 ppm hardness) in a narrow glass tube with an average diameter of about 2 cm. The glass tube is not disturbed or stirred during the test. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of the dispersion of the concentrate in water without any external assistance such as inversion or shaking or stirring. The spontaneity of dispersion is evaluated as good or poor. "Good" is when most of the concentrate is self-dispersed and "poor" is when no dispersion is observed without external assistance such as stirring or inversion.

[0126] The method for preparing the SC composition of the present disclosure comprises the following steps.

[0127] The first step generally involves the preparation of a concentrated suspension concentrate (SC) of the active ingredient, which can be carried out in process equipment known to those skilled in the art, such as an overhead stirrer, a high shear mixer, a high shear mill (e.g., a colloid mill) or a homogenizer. The active ingredient, such as an insecticide, is dispersed in water, optionally in the presence of a dispersant. Additional active ingredients, such as a pesticide, may optionally be added to the aqueous phase. In one aspect, one or more active ingredients may be added to a mixture of all non-biologically active components of the composition. The dispersant may be a polymeric nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant. For example, in some aspects, the dispersant may be a nonionic methyl methacrylate ethoxylated graft copolymer (e.g., 4913) or anionically modified styrene acrylic polymers (e.g. Metasperse TM550s) or sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate (e.g. Morwet D 425) or lignin sulfonate (e.g. Reax 88B or Borresperse NA). The dispersant concentration can suitably be about 0.5wt%, about 1wt.%, about 2wt.%, about 3wt.%, about 4wt.%, about 5wt.%, about 6wt.%, about 7wt.%, about 8wt.%, about 9wt.% or about 10wt.%, or about 11wt%, or about 12wt%, or about 13wt%, or about 14wt%, or about 15wt% or within a range consisting of any of those values. In one aspect, one or more dispersants can be added. When present, the additional dispersant concentration can suitably be about 0.5 wt%, about 1 wt%, about 2 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 4 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 6 wt%, about 7 wt%, about 8 wt%, about 9 wt%, or about 10 wt%, or about 11 wt%, or about 12 wt%, or about 13 wt%, or about 14 wt%, or about 15 wt%, or within a range consisting of any of those values. For example, in some aspects, the additional dispersant can be a butyl block copolymer (e.g., G 5000). Other additives such as surfactants, pH adjusters, rheology modifiers, antifreeze agents, biocides, and / or defoamers may be added. In one aspect, the surfactant may be an alkoxylated alcohol (e.g. Lutensol TDA 6). In one aspect, the surfactant may be a gemini surfactant (e.g. Surfynol 104PG 50). In one aspect, the surfactant may be both an alkoxylated alcohol (e.g. Lutensol TDA 6) and a gemini surfactant (e.g. Surfynol 104PG 50).

[0128] In an optional second step, the suspension from step 1 can be wet milled to reduce the average median particle size D50 to less than about 10 μm and the average particle size D90 to less than about 30 μm. The particle size can be measured by laser diffraction instruments known to those skilled in the art. Wet milling can be carried out in process equipment known in the art such as a ball mill or a colloid mill.

[0129] In the third step, the concentrated SC is diluted to one or more active ingredients of desired strength by adding the trapped component from the first step. Usually, the trapped component can be any one or rheology modifier such as xanthan gum in a part for defoamer, biocide, surfactant. Usually, xanthan gum is added to propylene glycol in slurry form or is added to water and propylene glycol in pre-manufactured hydration raw material form. On the one hand, pre-manufactured hydration raw material can comprise xanthan gum, propylene glycol, water and biocide. Usually under stirring (such as overhead stirrer or high shear mixer), the trapped component from step 1 is added to the concentrated SC.

[0130] Can handle all plants or any part of plant according to this disclosure.Term " plant " as used herein should be construed as all plants or plant populations, for example as desired or undesirable wild plants or crop plants (comprising naturally occurring crop plants).Crop plants can be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization method or biotechnology and genetic engineering method or the combination of these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant cultivars that can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights.Plant parts should be construed as meaning all parts and organs of plant above and below the ground, such as plumule, leaf, flower and root, and the example that can be mentioned is leaf, needle leaf, stalk, stem, flower, fruit body, fruit and seed and root, tuber and rhizome.Plant parts also include harvesting material and vegetative reproductive material, for example cuttings, tuber, rhizome, branch and seed.

[0131] The treatment of plants and plant parts with the compositions according to the present disclosure is carried out by direct contact with the plants or plant parts or by acting on the environment, habitat or storage space of the plants using customary treatment methods. For example, the treatment as described herein can be carried out by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, broadcasting, spreading, injection, and in the case of propagation materials, in particular in the case of seeds, applying a coating comprising the composition (optionally with additional layers).

[0132] In one embodiment, the composition of the present disclosure is delivered to plants by air. In another embodiment, the composition of the present disclosure is delivered to plants via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In certain embodiments, the planting area is a region containing crops. In certain embodiments, crops are selected from monocots or dicots. In certain embodiments, crops are selected from rice, corn, barley, soybeans, wheat, vegetables, tobacco, tea trees, fruit trees and sugarcane. In certain embodiments, the composition disclosed herein is formulated for spraying with ultra-low capacity. Products applied by drones can use water or oil as spray carriers. Typical spray capacities (including products) for global drone applications. 5.0 liters / hectare-100 liters / hectare (approximately 0.5gpa-10gpa). This includes the range of ultra-low spray capacity (ULV) to low spray capacity (LV). Although uncommon, there may be such a situation, wherein even lower spray capacities as low as 1.0 liters / hectare (0.1gpa) can be used.

[0133] In some aspects, when applied to plants via an aerial delivery system, the barrel mixture adjuvant can affect the droplet density and / or spray coverage of the composition disclosed herein. In these aspects, suitable barrel mixture adjuvants include, but are not limited to, organosilicones, such as Y-20079 (manufactured by Momentive Trading Co. Ltd. in Shanghai, China). Other examples include, but are not limited to, the vegetable oil Maifei manufactured by Grand AgroChem Co. Ltd. in Beijing, China. Other examples include, but are not limited to, the vegetable oil Beidatong manufactured by Hebei Mingshun Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd. in Shijiazhuang, China. Other examples include, but are not limited to, the high molecular weight polymer Nongjianfei manufactured by Guilin Jiqi Group Co. Ltd. in Guilin, China. Other examples include, but are not limited to, the high molecular weight polymer Star Guar X manufactured by Solvay Chemical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. in Shanghai, China.

[0134] Other examples of tank mix adjuvants suitable for use in aerial delivery systems include deposition enhancers, water conditioners, pH adjusters, crop oils, petroleum or paraffin oils, vegetable oils, methylated seed oils, agents to reduce evaporation, and combinations thereof.

[0135] Examples of methods suitable for delivering the disclosed liquid formulation compositions via unmanned aerial vehicles can be found in Wang et al., Int. J. Precis. Agric. Aviat., Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 65-72 (2020).

[0136] Another example of a method suitable for delivering the disclosed liquid formulation composition via an unmanned aerial vehicle can be found in Li et al., Pest Management Science, August 19, 2020.

[0137] Wild plant species and plant cultivars or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as hybridization or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, can be processed. Moreover, transgenic plants and plant cultivars, and parts thereof, obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), have been processed. Plants of commercially available or in use plant cultivars in each case are processed according to this disclosure. Plant cultivars should be understood to mean plants with novel characteristics ("traits"), which have been obtained by conventional breeding, mutagenesis or recombinant DNA technology. These can be cultivation types, biotypes or genotypes.

[0138] Transgenic plants and plant cultivars (obtained by genetic engineering) that can be treated according to the present disclosure include all plants that have obtained genetic material by genetic modification, which confers special, advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, faster maturation, greater harvest yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of harvested products, better storage stability and / or better processability of harvested products. More and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are better resistance of plants to harmful organisms of animals and microorganisms (such as insects, mites, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses), and increased tolerance of plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants include important crop plants such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, beets, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, rapeseed and fruit plants (fruits are apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with emphasis on corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and rapeseed. Traits include those toxins formed in plants by toxins, particularly those formed in plants by genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g. genes CryIA (a), CryIA (b), CryIA (c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF, and combinations thereof) ("Bt plants") that increase the resistance of plants to insects, spiders, nematodes and slugs and snails. Other traits are increased resistance of plants to fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired tolerance (SAR), systemins, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits also include increased tolerance of plants to certain herbicidally active compounds such as imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (e.g. "PAT" gene). The genes that confer the desired trait in question may also be present in combination with one another in transgenic plants. Examples of "Bt plants" include those sold under the trade name (e.g. corn, cotton, soybeans), (such as corn), (such as corn), (cotton), (cotton) and (potato) corn varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties sold under the trade name Roundup (glyphosate tolerant, e.g. corn, cotton, soybean), Liberty (tolerant to glufosinate, such as rapeseed), (resistant to imidazolinone) and Herbicide-tolerant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for tolerance to herbicides) include those sold under the names The agricultural crop is selected from the group consisting of cereals, fruit trees, citrus fruits, pulses, horticultural crops, melons, oil plants, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beets, sugar cane and cotton.

[0139] Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soil, climate, vegetation period, diet), treatment according to the present disclosure may also result in superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, it is possible to reduce the application rate and / or broaden the activity spectrum and / or increase the activity of the substances and compositions that can be used according to the present disclosure, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, faster maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested products, which go beyond the actual expected effects.

[0140] Crops that can be protected with the compositions according to the present disclosure include, for example, cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, sorghum, etc.), fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), citrus trees (oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits, etc.), legumes (beans, peas, lentils, soybeans, etc.), vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc.), melons (pumpkin, zucchini, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), oil plants (sunflowers, rapeseed, peanuts, castor beans, coconuts, etc.), tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beets, sugar cane, and cotton.

[0141] For the protection of agricultural crops, the compositions of the disclosure may be applied to any part of the plant, or applied to the seeds before sowing, or applied to the soil in which the plants are growing.

[0142] Embodiments of the present disclosure include:

[0143] Example 1. An agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition comprising:

[0144] (i) a pesticidal active ingredient at a concentration of from about 10 wt % to about 60 wt %;

[0145] (ii) at least one dispersant at a concentration from greater than about 2 wt % to about 10 wt %; and

[0146] (iii) optionally at least one adjuvant.

[0147] Example 2. An agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition comprising:

[0148] (i) a pesticidal active ingredient at a concentration of from about 10 wt % to about 60 wt %;

[0149] (ii) at least one dispersant at a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt %;

[0150] (iii) twin surfactants; and

[0151] (iv) optionally at least one adjuvant;

[0152] Wherein the weight ratio of the dispersant to the gemini surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 20:1 or from about 1:2 to about 1:20.

[0153] Embodiment 3. The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the pesticidal active ingredient is from about 30 wt % to about 60 wt %, or from about 45 wt % to about 55 wt %.

[0154] Embodiment 4. The composition of embodiment 2 or 3, wherein the weight ratio of the dispersant to the gemini surfactant is from about 4:1 to about 15:1, or from about 1:4 to about 1:15.

[0155] Embodiment 5. The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, herbicides, nematicides, biopesticides, fungicides, and combinations thereof.

[0156] Embodiment 6. The composition of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the pesticidally active ingredient is an insecticide.

[0157] Embodiment 7. A composition as described in embodiment 6, wherein the insecticide is selected from chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyanantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), tetrachlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), bromothranil (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide -N-[4-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), dichloranil, tetrazolyl (1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromobendan (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), chloranil (3-chloro-N 2 -(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)-N 1 -[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarbamide), flubendiamide (N 2 -[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N 1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarbamide), indoxacarb (indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid), N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl] -7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, fluopyram (3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H- Pyrazole-4-carboxamide), flutriafol (α-(2-fluorophenyl)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), teflupirolimide ((3S,4S)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide), 5-chloro-2-[3-chloro-2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]phenoxy]-pyrimidine, flubutyric acid -M ((2S)-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(phenylmethyl)butanamide), dichloroisothiazol (2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone), sulfentrazone (N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide), and combinations thereof.

[0158] Embodiment 8. A composition as described in embodiment 6, wherein the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromine thiocarb, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazobactam, cyclic bromine thiocarb, chlorofluanid, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof.

[0159] Embodiment 9. The composition of embodiment 6, wherein the insecticide is chlorantraniliprole.

[0160] Embodiment 10. The composition of embodiment 6, wherein the insecticide is cyantraniliprole.

[0161] Embodiment 11. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the composition further comprises an additional pesticidal active ingredient selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, flumethrin, aknabidiol, bifenthrin ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methylcyclopropanecarboxylate ), sulfamethoxam, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azoxystrobin, benfuracarb, sulfanil, phenpyridin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluan, borate, bromofenac, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, fenthiocarb, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, clofenazine, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclic bromofenapyr (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4 -chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cypermethrin, cyclohexidine ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, high-efficiency cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, tri-cyhalothrin, high-efficiency cyfluthrin, high-efficiency cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, cis-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dimethoate, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluthrin, insecticide Bis(2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolylmethyl carbonate), flonicamid, triflumuron, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flutolan, flutolan ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), diflunisal (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexen, fluopyram, flupiperazole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyrone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flubifen, fluvalinate, fluvalinate, fluoxazolidinone, flutolanil ... 3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexathiazox, hydrazone, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropylamine, isoxathiapiprolin, κ-tefluthrin, high-efficiency cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, malathion, cyfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfluthrin, methoxyfenozide, ε-methofluthrin, ε-cyfluthrin, monocrotophos, monofluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, fluazifop, polyflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole- 4-carboxamide, and N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, benzothion, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, fenthrin, profenthrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrim (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxypropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyraclostrobin, pyrethrins, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopicolide, pyraclostrobin, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, flutoxin, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, methoxypiperidin ethyl, spirotetramat, sulfamethoxazole, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyl oxide [1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-sulfenyl]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, flubenzuron, tefluthrin, κ-tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, cypermethrin, tetrafluthrin, tetrafluthrin ([2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetrazolyl amide, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, dimethoate, thiazolyl (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazomethin, trichlorfon, triflubenzuron (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, cypermethrin, highly effective cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, insect pathogenic bacteria, insect pathogenic viruses, insect pathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0162] Embodiment 12. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the at least one dispersant is selected from naphthalenesulfonate derivatives and ligninsulfonate derivatives.

[0163] Embodiment 13. A composition as described in embodiment 12, wherein the naphthalenesulfonate derivative is selected from the group consisting of sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salt, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salt, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid esters, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonate condensates, naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salt, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof.

[0164] Embodiment 14. The composition of any one of embodiments 12 to 13, wherein the naphthalenesulfonate derivative is sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate.

[0165] Embodiment 15. The composition of embodiment 12, wherein the lignin sulfonate derivative is selected from the group consisting of sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, lignin sulfonic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0166] Embodiment 16. The composition of embodiment 1 or any of embodiments 3-13, wherein the weight ratio of the pesticidally active ingredient to the dispersant is from about 1:1 to about 25:1.

[0167] Embodiment 17. The composition of any one of embodiments 2 to 16, wherein the gemini surfactant comprises at least two polar groups selected from alcohols, halogens, amines, phosphates, sulfates, sulfonates, and carboxylates.

[0168] Embodiment 18. A composition as described in any one of embodiments 2 to 17, wherein the gemini surfactant comprises at least two hydrophobic chains selected from the following: branched or unbranched C1-C 12 Alkyl, branched or unbranched C1-C 12 Alkenyl, and branched or unbranched C1-C 12 Alkynyl.

[0169] Embodiment 19. A composition as described in any one of embodiments 2 to 18, wherein the gemini surfactant comprises a C1-C 12 Alkyl, C1-C 12 Alkenyl, and C1-C 12 A spacer for an alkynyl group.

[0170] Embodiment 20. The composition of any one of embodiments 2 to 19, wherein the gemini surfactant is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yn-4,7-diol.

[0171] Embodiment 21. The composition of any one of embodiments 2 to 20, wherein the gemini surfactant is present at a concentration from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0172] Embodiment 22. The composition of any one of embodiments 2 to 21, wherein the gemini surfactant is present at a concentration from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%.

[0173] Embodiment 23. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the composition further comprises a surfactant that is not a gromogenic surfactant.

[0174] Embodiment 24. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the composition further comprises water.

[0175] Embodiment 25. The composition of embodiment 24, wherein the water is present in an amount of at least about 30 wt%.

[0176] Embodiment 26. The composition of any one of embodiments 24 or 25, wherein the water is present in an amount of at least about 35 wt%.

[0177] Embodiment 27. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the at least one adjuvant is selected from dispersants, surfactants, biocides, defoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, and combinations thereof.

[0178] Embodiment 28. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the at least one adjuvant is a surfactant or a wetting agent.

[0179] Embodiment 29. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the composition disperses in water without stirring.

[0180] Embodiment 30. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the difference between true density and apparent density is less than about 15%.

[0181] Embodiment 31. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein air entrapment is less than about 10%.

[0182] Embodiment 32. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the D50 particle size is less than about 10 μm and the D90 particle size is less than about 30 μm.

[0183] Embodiment 33. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the D50 particle size is less than about 5 μm and the D90 particle size is less than about 10 μm.

[0184] Example 34. A method for preparing an agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition, the method comprising

[0185] A) forming a first mixture, the first mixture comprising

[0186] Pesticide active ingredients;

[0187] at least one dispersant;

[0188] Gemini surfactants; and

[0189] Optionally at least one adjuvant;

[0190] B) mixing the first mixture;

[0191] C) milling the first mixture;

[0192] D) optionally forming a second mixture comprising

[0193] the first mixture; and

[0194] at least one adjuvant; and

[0195] E) optionally mixing the second mixture.

[0196] Embodiment 35. The method of embodiment 34, wherein the mixture further comprises water.

[0197] Embodiment 36. The method of embodiment 34 or 35, wherein the first mixture does not gel or agglomerate during the method step of milling the first mixture.

[0198] Embodiment 37. A method of using an agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition, the method comprising using the composition of any one of embodiments 1-33 to control pests.

[0199] Embodiment 38. The method of embodiment 37, wherein the composition further comprises water.

[0200] Embodiment 39. A method for reducing entrapped air in a suspension concentrate composition, the method comprising preparing a composition comprising an agrochemical composition as described in any one of embodiments 1-33.

[0201] Examples

[0202] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can utilize the present disclosure to its fullest extent using the preceding description.Therefore, the following examples should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the present disclosure in any way.

[0203] The identities and purposes of the raw materials mentioned in these examples are briefly described below.

[0204] Chlorantraniliprole is a pesticidal active ingredient.

[0205] Propylene glycol and glycerin are antifreeze agents.

[0206] Atlox 4913 is a methyl methacrylate ethoxylated graft copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0207] Morwet D-425 is a sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and acts as a dispersant.

[0208] Atlas G 5000 is a polyalkylene oxide block copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0209] Surfynol 104PG-50 is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yn-4,7-diol and acts as a wetting agent.

[0210] Lutensol TDA6 is an ethoxylated (C-rich 13 , Iso C 11 -C 14 ) alcohol mixture and acts as a wetting agent.

[0211] Acticide SPX is a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and acts as a biocide.

[0212] Acticide LA 1209 is a mixture of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and acts as a biocide.

[0213] Agnique DFM 111S is an aqueous solution based on hydrocarbons and modified organopolysiloxanes and acts as a defoamer.

[0214] Acti-gel 208 is a hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate and acts as a rheology modifier.

[0215] Veegum R is magnesium aluminum silicate.

[0216] Rhodopol 23 is xanthan gum and acts as a rheology modifier.

[0217] Agnique PG 9116 is an alkyl polyglucoside and acts as a wetting agent.

[0218] Dowsil AFE 3101 is a silicone based emulsion and acts as a defoamer.

[0219] Morwet D-400 is a sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and acts as a dispersant.

[0220] Morwet D-809 is a sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and acts as a dispersant.

[0221] Morwet D-360 is a blend of lignin sulfonate and naphthalene sulfonate and acts as a dispersant.

[0222] Morwet D-390 is a blend of lignin sulfonate and naphthalene sulfonate and acts as a dispersant.

[0223] Morwet D-500 is a blend of Morwet D-425 and a block copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0224] Reax 88B is a lignin sulfonate and acts as a dispersant.

[0225] Polyfon F is a lignin sulfonate and acts as a dispersant.

[0226] Agnique DDL is a blend of alkyl polyglucoside and lignin sulfonate and it acts as a dispersant.

[0227] Vultamol DN is a sodium phenolsulfonate condensate and acts as a dispersant.

[0228] Agrilan 789 is a sodium polyacrylate polymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0229] Agrilan 700 is a sodium polyacrylate polymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0230] Dispersogen ACP 120 is a polyacrylate graft copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0231] Hostapon TPHC is the sodium salt of fatty acid methyl taurine and acts as a dispersant.

[0232] Dispersogen 1494 is the sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde condensation product and acts as a dispersant.

[0233] Atlox TM Metasperse 550S is a styrene acrylic copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0234] Crodafos C10 / 5A is an alkoxylated cetyl phosphate and acts as a dispersant.

[0235] Dextrol OC-180 is the potassium salt of ethoxylated fatty alcohol phosphate ester and acts as a dispersant.

[0236] Soprophor FLK is the potassium salt of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol phosphate and acts as a dispersant.

[0237] Soprophor 4D384 is the ammonium salt of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol sulfate and acts as a dispersant.

[0238] CP 5 is a maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0239] CP 7 is a maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0240] CP 9 is the sodium salt of a maleic acid / olefin copolymer and acts as a dispersant.

[0241] EasySperse TM P-20 is a blend of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid half ester and can act as a dispersant.

[0242] Suspension concentrate (SC) compositions containing chlorantraniliprole were prepared as summarized in the following table, where all amounts are reported as percentages of the total formulation (% w / w). All compositions were prepared according to the procedures described herein.

[0243] Example 1. Formulation composition without Surfynol 104PG50.

[0244] Table 1. Formulation compositions 1A-1C.

[0245] 1A 1B 1C Components Chlorantraniliprole 47.80 47.85 47.85 Propylene glycol 3.00 3.00 3.00 glycerin 3.00 3.00 3.00 Atlox 4913 4.00 4.00 -- Atlas G 5000 2.00 2.00 2.00 Morwet D-425 -- 6.00 6.00 Surfynol 104PG-50 -- -- -- Lutensol TDA 6 0.30 0.30 0.30 Biocides* 0.10 0.10 0.10 Agnique DFM 111S 0.50 0.50 0.50 Acti-Gel 208 0.50 0.50 0.50 Rhodopol 23 0.10 0.10 0.10 water 38.70 32.65 32.65 Spreading spontaneity good good good Trapped air Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable

[0246] *Biocide is Acticide LA 1209 or Acticide SPX.

[0247] Composition 1A exhibited unacceptable entrapped air and contained no Morwet D425 and Surfynol 104PG50. Compositions 1B and 1C exhibited acceptable entrapped air and contained Morwet D425 added as a co-dispersant, but no Surfynol 104PG50. All formulations showed good spontaneity of spreading.

[0248] In all formulations, the spontaneity of dispersion of the formulation in water is visually evaluated by adding an aliquot of about 0.5 ml of the concentrate to about 50 ml of water (such as Cipac D, 342 ppm hardness) in a narrow glass tube with an average diameter of about 2 cm. The glass tube is not disturbed during the test. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of dispersion of the concentrate in water without any external aid such as inversion or shaking or stirring. The spontaneity of dispersion is evaluated as good or poor. "Good" is when most of the concentrate disperses by itself and "poor" is when no dispersion is observed without external aid such as stirring or inversion.

[0249] The trapped air of all preparations is measured by calculating the difference between the true density and the apparent density. The true density of the SC preparation is the density in the absence of aeration. The true density is usually measured by a dilution method such as the CIPAC MT 3.3.1 method (Cipac Handbook [Cipac Manual], Volume F, Physico-Chemical Methods for Technical and Formualted Pesticides [Physico-Chemical Methods for Technical and Formulated Pesticides], 1995, 18 pages). The apparent density of the preparation is the density measured immediately after stirring or shaking. In a typical procedure, the tested preparation is placed in a 250mL Nalgene bottle so that about 50% of the head space remains in the bottle. The bottle is capped and placed on a wrist shaker and shaken for 10min. The preparation is then immediately poured into a pre-tare cylinder to the 50mL scale and the weight is recorded. The recorded weight is divided by the volume (50mL in this case), and the result is the apparent density at T=0min. Afterwards, the volume is recorded at the 5th, 15th and 30th minutes. The apparent density at each time point is calculated, which indicates how fast the air escapes from the preparation. The different data points of the apparent density are then plotted on a graph, the X-axis of which is time and the Y-axis is the apparent density. When the true density of the preparation is 1.255 g / cc, any apparent density below 1.130 g / cc at T=0 min is considered unacceptable. When the true density of the preparation is 1.255 g / cc, any apparent density above 1.130 g / cc at T=0 min is considered acceptable, which corresponds to less than 10% trapped air.

[0250] The trapped air results are presented in Figure 1 When there was neither Morwet D425 nor Surfynol 104PG50 in the formulation (composition 1A), entrapped air was not acceptable. Unexpectedly, 6 wt % of Morwet D425 in compositions 1B and 1C reduced entrapped air in both formulations to acceptable levels. Figure 1 The acceptable range shown in is within less than 10% of the true density. The most critical entrapped air data for the formulation occurs at the T=0 min and T=5 min data points, ie, the density immediately after shaking and the density 5 minutes after shaking, respectively.

[0251] Example 2. Formulation composition containing Surfynol 104PG50.

[0252] Table 2. Formulation compositions 5A-5F.

[0253]

[0254] *Biocide is Acticide LA 1209 or Acticide SPX.

[0255] Table 3. Formulation compositions 5G-5I.

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] *Biocide is Acticide LA 1209 or Acticide SPX.

[0259] Composition 5A exhibited unacceptable entrapped air and contained a lower w / w % of Morwet D425 than in compositions 1B and 1C, but no Surfynol 104PG50. Composition 5B contained Surfynol 104PG50, but no Morwet D425. Compositions 5C-5I contained both Morwet D425 and Surfynol 104PG50 at the same w / w % as in compositions 5A and 5B, respectively. Spontaneity of spreading and entrapped air were evaluated using the procedure described in Example 1. All formulations showed good spontaneity of spreading. The entrapped air results are presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3 Compositions 5C-5I had acceptable entrapped air compared to compositions 5A and 5B which had unacceptable entrapped air. When Morwet D425 or Surfynol 104PG50 was present alone in the formulation (compositions 5A and 5B, respectively), entrapped air was not acceptable. Surprisingly, the combination of 2 wt% Morwet D425 and 0.5 wt% Surfynol 104PG50 resulted in acceptable entrapped air (compositions 5C-5I). Figure 2 and Figure 3 The acceptable range in is chosen to be within less than 10% of the true density.

[0260] Example 3. A formulation composition containing two active ingredients.

[0261] Table 4. Formulation composition 2A.

[0262] 2A Components Chlorantraniliprole 16.50 Indoxacarb 33.00 Propylene glycol 3.00 glycerin 3.00 Atlox 4913 4.00 Atlas G 5000 2.00 Morwet D-425 6.00 Surfynol 104PG-50 -- Lutensol TDA 6 0.30 Acticide SPX 0.10 Agnique DFM 111S 0.50 Acti-Gel 208 0.50 Rhodopol 23 0.10 water 31.00 Spreading spontaneity good Trapped air Acceptable

[0263] Composition 2A was prepared with a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb using the same types and amounts of inactive ingredients as in Composition 1B. The results for trapped air are presented in Figure 4 Similar to composition 1B, 6 wt % of Morwet D425 reduced the entrapped air of the formulated product to an acceptable level. Figure 4 The acceptable range in is chosen to be within less than 10% of the true density.

[0264] Efficacy evaluation

[0265] Example 4. Soybean / Tomato Efficacy and Rain Tolerance.

[0266] The efficacy and rainfastness of formulation composition 5E against beet armyworm (BAW) (Spodopteraexigua) were evaluated according to the following method compared to a commercially available chlorantraniliprole SC formulation containing neither Morwet D-425 nor Surfynol 104PG-50. The two formulations were applied at the same rate. The results are provided in Table 5.

[0267] Soybean or tomato plants are grown in a growth chamber until they reach the appropriate size. The formulations are applied, wherein the active ingredient is diluted to the test concentration. Two hours later, the plants are exposed to 75 mm of simulated rain water in one hour. After the plants are dried, leaf material is collected for bioassays. Leaves are exposed to newborn larvae of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) and tomato), and larval mortality is determined 96 hours after infestation.

[0268] Table 5. Tomato BAW efficacy and rain tolerance evaluation.

[0269]

[0270] Composition 5E had similar mortality against Spodoptera exigua before and after wash-off as the commercial chlorantraniliprole SC formulation (overlapping confidence intervals).

[0271] Example 5. Phytotoxicity.

[0272] Tomato responses to chlorantraniliprole compositions 5C-5G were evaluated according to the following method. All formulations were applied at the same rate. The results are provided in Table 6. No phytotoxicity was observed after 7 DAT or 14 DAT.

[0273] Plants of the crops of interest were grown in a greenhouse until they reached the appropriate size. Plants were sprayed using a belt sprayer at 50 gal / ac or other rates if necessary. Phytotoxicity (%) was evaluated after 7 and 14 days based on whole plant assessment, taking into account damaged area and intensity.

[0274] Table 6. Phytotoxicity evaluation.

[0275] Composition Crop response after 7DAT Crop response after 14 DAT 5C 0.0 0.0 5D 0.0 0.0 5E 0.0 0.0 5F 0.0 0.0 5G 0.0 0.0

[0276] Example 6. Tomato system efficacy.

[0277] According to the following method, the systemic efficacy of chlorantraniliprole composition 5E against beet armyworm (BAW) (Spodopteraexigua) larvae was evaluated compared to a commercially available chlorantraniliprole SC formulation containing neither Morwet D-425 nor Surfynol 104 PG-50. The two formulations were applied to the soil surface at the same rate. The results are provided in Table 7.

[0278] Tomato plants were transplanted into 4" pots 1 week prior to treatment and maintained in a greenhouse. The soil surface was wetted with 50 ml of the formulation dilution per pot and the pots were placed in 8 oz covers. There were 5 pots per treatment. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber at a constant temperature and relative humidity (RH). Plants were lightly watered at the soil surface as needed. One week after treatment, leaves were cut and bioassayed with Spodoptera exigua larvae. Larval mortality was determined 96 hours after infestation.

[0279] Table 7. Tomato BAW system efficacy testing.

[0280]

[0281] Composition 5E had similar mortality to the commercial chlorantraniliprole SC formulation against Spodoptera exigua larvae.

[0282] Example 7. Laboratory-field bioassay of zucchini / cabbage armyworm.

[0283] The efficacy of formulation composition 5E against the cabbage looper larvae, Trichoplusia ni, was evaluated according to the following method, compared to a commercially available chlorantraniliprole SC formulation containing neither Morwet D-425 nor Surfynol 104PG-50. The two formulations were applied at the same rate. The results are provided in Table 8.

[0284] Zucchini plants were grown in the field to the appropriate size and sprayed with the test material diluted in water at the desired concentration. Treated leaves were collected for bioassay at 7 DAT. Leaves were infested with cabbage looper larvae, the powdery mildew armyworm (Trichoplusia ni), and larval mortality was determined 96 hours after infestation.

[0285] Table 8. Laboratory-field bioassay of zucchini / cabbage armyworm.

[0286]

[0287] The mortality of composition 5E against Trichoplusia ni was similar to that of the commercial chlorantraniliprole SC formulation.

[0288] Example 8. Application of SC formulations to rice via unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0289] The SC formulations described herein were applied to indica inbred rice varieties transplanted in West Java, Indonesia during an infestation period with the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). The application occurred at the peak of egg hatching and was performed using an Agras MG 1-P unmanned aerial vehicle from the manufacturer DJI. The aircraft applied the SC formulations and control treatments at the indicated rates. Insect control. The UAV flew at a speed of 25.1 km / h at an altitude of 1.5 m and applied the product at a flow rate of 1.04 L / min over a range of 4 m. Only one application was made using a spray volume of approximately 30.3 L / ha, which consisted of a bucket mix of water and the correspondingly determined product. No other substances were added to the bucket. The experiment used a single 150 m 2 Plot design. Evaluation of treatment efficacy was performed 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after application. At each evaluation date, the % of "dead heart*" damage (larval feeding damage, resulting in the death of the central impeller in the vegetative stage) was assessed in all treatments including the untreated control (UTC). The results are reported in Tables 9 and 10 below.

[0290] SC formulation Composition 5E containing chlorantraniliprole was prepared (see Table 2), where all amounts are reported as a percentage of the total formulation (% w / w). Transplanted rice plants were treated as described above in

[0234] . A control treatment of 50SC insect control was also included in the study. The results are reported in Tables 9 and 10 below.

[0291] Table 9

[0292]

[0293]

[0294] Table 10 (% control)

[0295]

[0296] The results showed that there was no significant difference in the efficacy of the Composition 5E treatment applied at 30 grams of active per hectare compared to the control treatment.

[0297] Prophetic Examples 1. Alternative Pesticides.

[0298] The pesticides in Compositions 1B-1C may be replaced with alternative pesticides to produce new compositions having similar desired properties. Acceptable pesticides are shown in Table 11. Useful pesticides are not limited to these pesticides.

[0299] Table 11. Pesticides that are expected to replace chlorantraniliprole in Compositions 1B and 1C.

[0300]

[0301]

[0302] This written description uses examples to illustrate the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural chemical suspension concentrate composition comprising: (i) a pesticidal active ingredient having a concentration of from 10 wt % to 60 wt %, selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromofenac, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazolyl fenamide, cyclobromofenac, chlorfluanid, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof; (ii) at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkylnaphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salt, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid esters, alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonate condensates, naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulfonic acid polymers with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalenesulfonate condensate sodium salt, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof, in a concentration of from 0.1 wt % to 2 wt %; (iii) a gemini surfactant, wherein the gemini surfactant is 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol or 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-6-dodecyne-5,8-diol ethoxylate; and (iv) optionally at least one adjuvant; the adjuvant being selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a surfactant, a biocide, a defoamer, an antifreeze agent, a rheology modifier, a wetting agent, a solvent, and combinations thereof; The weight ratio of the component (ii) to the gemini surfactant is from 1:1 to 20:1 or from 1:2 to 1:

20.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The concentration of the pesticidal active ingredient is from 30 wt % to 60 wt %.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein The concentration of the pesticidal active ingredient is from 45 wt % to 55 wt %.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of the component (ii) to the gemini surfactant is from 4:1 to 15:1 or from 1:4 to 1:

15.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The pesticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The pesticidal active ingredient is cyantraniliprole.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The composition further comprises an additional pesticidal active ingredient selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acralathrin, aknabe, bifenthrin ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methylcyclopropanecarboxylate), sulfamethoxam, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, and chlorpyrifos. Cottonphos, benfuracarb, chlorpyrifos, phenoxypyrimidine, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluan, borate, bromofenac, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, fenamiform, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, clofenazine, d-trans chlorprophthrin, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromofenapyr (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl) [(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cis-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dimethoate, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluthrin, dimethoate, dimethoate, anthracene Azoles, dimethoate, benzylpezil, avermectin, avermectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, ethoprolin, ε-methofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fipronil, flumetquinone (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolylmethyl carbonate), flonicamid, triflumizone, flubendiamide, flucythrin, flumethrin, flufenoxuron, flutolan ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), diflunisal (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexen, fluopyram, flupiperazole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyrone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flubifen, fluvalinate, fluvalinate, fluoxazolidinone, flutolanil ... 3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexathiazox, hydrazone, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropylamine, isoxathiapiprolin, κ-tefluthrin, high-efficiency cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, malathion, cyfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfluthrin, methoxyfenozide, ε-methofluthrin, ε-cyfluthrin, monocrotophos, monofluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, fluazifop, polyflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole- 4-carboxamide, and N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, benzothion, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, fenthrin, profenthrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrim (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxypropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyraclostrobin, pyrethrins, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrimethrin, pyrimethrin, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidine ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopicolide, pyraclostrobin, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, flutoxin, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, methoxypiperidin ethyl, spirotetramat, sulfamethoxazole, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyl oxide [1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-sulfenyl]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, flubenzuron, tefluthrin, κ-tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, cypermethrin, tetrafluthrin, tetrafluthrin ([2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetrazolyl amide, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, dimethoate, thiazolyl (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazomethin, trichlorfon, triflubenzuron (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, cypermethrin, highly effective cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, insect pathogenic bacteria, insect pathogenic viruses, insect pathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The dispersant is sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of the pesticidal active ingredient to the dispersant is from 1:1 to 25:

1.

10. Use of a composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims for treating seed.

11. The use according to claim 10, wherein said treatment involves applying a coating comprising said composition to said seeds.

12. Method for treating seed, comprising treating with a layer comprising a coating comprising a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and optionally with further layers.

Images