Antenna, Detection Device, Radar and Terminal

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna, a detection device, a radar and a terminal, wherein the antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a feeder, a plurality of coupling patches and a plurality of parasitic patches; the feeder and the coupling patch are located on one side of the first dielectric substrate, and the coupling patches are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the feeder, and there is a gap between at least one coupling patch and the feeder; the plurality of parasitic patches are located on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, and at least one parasitic patch among the plurality of parasitic patches corresponds to at least one coupling patch; wherein the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch among at least one parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate and the orthographic projection of the corresponding gap on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap. Thus, the coupling patch and the feeder realize coupled feeding through the gap coupling form, and the parasitic patch is excited by the coupling gap, and finally the coupling patch and the parasitic patch are excited at the same time to realize different resonant frequencies, thereby widening the working bandwidth and realizing broadband characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of sensing, and in particular, to an antenna, a detection device, a radar and a terminal, which can be applied to autonomous driving, intelligent driving or driverless driving. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, intelligent terminals such as intelligent transportation devices, smart home devices, and robots are gradually entering people's daily lives. Sensors play a very important role in intelligent terminals. A variety of sensors installed on intelligent terminals, such as millimeter-wave radars, lidars, cameras, ultrasonic radars, etc., sense the surrounding environment during the movement of the intelligent terminal, collect data, identify and track moving objects, and identify static scenes such as lane lines and signs, and perform path planning in combination with navigator and map data. Sensors can pre-detect possible dangers and assist or even autonomously take necessary avoidance measures, effectively increasing the safety and comfort of intelligent terminals.

[0003] Taking the intelligent terminal as an intelligent transportation device as an example, millimeter-wave antennas have become the main sensors of driverless systems and assisted driving systems due to their low cost and relatively mature technology. Currently, more than a dozen functions have been developed for the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Lance Change Assist (LCA), and Blind Spot Monitoring (BSD) all rely on millimeter-wave antennas.

[0004] To meet the various changing and complex application environments of intelligent transportation devices, antennas need to meet requirements such as large bandwidth, wide beam, and low sidelobe. Among them, the wider the bandwidth, the more working frequency bands the antenna can support, thus supporting higher channel capacity transmission. Currently, common antennas have limited antenna operating bandwidth due to a single resonance mode. Therefore, how to increase the bandwidth of the antenna is one of the technical problems that technicians urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides an antenna, a detection device, a radar and a terminal, which can broaden the operating bandwidth of the antenna.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides an antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate, a feeder, a plurality of coupling patches and a plurality of parasitic patches; wherein: the feeder and the plurality of coupling patches are located on one side of the first dielectric substrate, and the plurality of coupling patches are arranged in sequence along the extension direction X of the feeder, and at least one of the plurality of coupling patches has a gap with the feeder, so that coupling feeding can be achieved between the coupling patch and the feeder through gap coupling. The plurality of parasitic patches are located on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the first dielectric substrate, and at least one of the plurality of parasitic patches corresponds to at least one coupling patch; wherein, in the parasitic patch corresponding to the coupling patch, the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate. Thus, the parasitic patch is excited by the coupling gap, and finally the coupling patch and the parasitic patch are simultaneously excited to achieve different resonant frequencies, thereby widening the working bandwidth and achieving broadband characteristics. Moreover, in the present application, the coupling patch and the parasitic patch radiate together, thereby superimposing to realize the far-field radiation pattern. It is precisely because the parasitic patch and the coupling patch can both realize independent resonance, that the antenna of the present application is a dual-resonance antenna.

[0007] The starting end of the feeder is used to feed the antenna; the terminal of the feeder can be in an open circuit state or a short circuit state. When the terminal of the feeder is in an open circuit state, the terminal of the feeder is in a free extension state and is not connected to any conductor. When the terminal of the feeder is in a short circuit state, the terminal of the feeder is used for grounding.

[0008] The antenna also includes a floor layer, which is used for grounding and is located on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the parasitic patch. In a specific implementation, the feed line and the coupling patch need to be isolated from the floor layer.

[0009] Exemplarily, the antenna may further include a second dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate being located on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the parasitic patch; the parasitic patch being located on the first dielectric substrate; the feed line and the coupling patch being located on the second dielectric substrate and on a side of the second dielectric substrate facing the first dielectric substrate. In this way, the feed line and the coupling patch may be isolated from the floor layer by using the second dielectric substrate.

[0010] In actual production, the parasitic patch can be formed on the first dielectric substrate using a printed circuit board (PCB) process, and the coupling patch can also be formed on the second dielectric substrate using a PCB process. In this way, the antenna has a simple structure, a low profile, is easy to integrate, has a low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

[0011] It can be understood that in the present application, the feeder, the multiple coupling patches, and the multiple parasitic patches are taken as a group of array units. There can be one group of array units on the floor layer, and of course, there can also be multiple groups of array units, which is not limited herein.

[0012] The present application does not limit the shapes and sizes of the parasitic patches and the coupling patches, and they can be designed and debugged according to the requirements of the coupling degree and impedance.

[0013] In specific implementation, the shape of the coupling patch can be a regular figure, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc., and of course, it can also be an irregular figure. The shape of the parasitic patch can be a regular figure, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc., and of course, it can also be an irregular figure.

[0014] In the present application, the feeder can be linear, broken line type, or curve type, such as zigzag (serrated), wavy, bow-shaped, etc., which is not limited herein.

[0015] It can be understood that the present application does not limit the number of the coupling patches and the parasitic patches. The number of the coupling patches can be the same as or different from the number of the parasitic patches. Exemplarily, the number of the parasitic patches can be set to be the same as the number of the coupling patches having a gap with the feeder, so that each parasitic patch corresponds to a gap.

[0016] In the present application, in order to ensure the coupling performance, the distance between the center of the projection of the parasitic patch in the at least one parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate and the center of the projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate is less than a preset value.

[0017] In the present application, in order to ensure the consistency of the radiation characteristics, when the number of the parasitic patches in the at least one parasitic patch is greater than 1, for each parasitic patch corresponding to the coupling patch, the position vector of the center of the projection of the parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate relative to the center of the projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate is the same, so as to ensure the consistency of the radiation characteristics.

[0018] Further, in order to ensure the consistency of the radiation characteristics, for each parasitic patch corresponding to the coupling patch, the center of the projection of the parasitic patch in the at least one parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate coincides with the center of the projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate. Here, "coincidence" does not mean strict geometric coincidence, but allows a certain distance deviation in actual operation.

[0019] Exemplarily, in the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, there is a gap between each coupling patch and the feeder.

[0020] Further, each of the plurality of parasitic patches corresponds to one of the plurality of coupling patches respectively, and the orthographic projection of each parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate.

[0021] To ensure the consistency of radiation characteristics, for each parasitic patch corresponding to a coupling patch, the center of the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate coincides with the center of the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate.

[0022] In specific implementation, to ensure the coupling strength between the coupling patch and the feeder, the gap width between the coupling patch and the feeder cannot be too wide or too small. Optionally, in this application, the gap width between the coupling patch and the feeder is controlled within [0.02λg, 0.5λg], where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0023] For the coupling patch having a gap with the feeder, there are at least two gaps with inconsistent widths between the coupling patch and the feeder. Thus, different coupling amounts are controlled by making the gap widths between the coupling patch and the feeder inconsistent, so as to achieve the low sidelobe weighting design.

[0024] Exemplarily, in this application, the gap widths between all the coupling patches and the feeder are inconsistent, thus achieving a better low sidelobe effect.

[0025] Exemplarily, the plurality of coupling patches are arranged in sequence on both sides of the feeder along the extension direction of the feeder, and any two adjacent coupling patches along the extension direction of the feeder are respectively located on different sides of the feeder; the feeder length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent coupling patches on the feeder is equal to 0.5λg, and the feeder length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent parasitic patches on the feeder is equal to 0.5λg. Thus, two adjacent coupling patches have opposite phases, and the antenna as a whole realizes the half-wavelength spacing array. Moreover, since the coupling patches are arranged in a staggered manner on both sides of the feeder, the corresponding parasitic patches are also arranged in a staggered manner on both sides of the feeder, thereby broadening the horizontal beam width.

[0026] Further, in this application, to improve the radiation effect, the side of the coupling patch facing the feeder is parallel to the side of the feeder facing the coupling patch, so as to ensure that the gap width between the coupling patch and the feeder is equal everywhere.

[0027] In this application, a parasitic patch and a corresponding coupling patch are taken as a group of patches. By adjusting the relative positions of adjacent two groups of patches in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder, the horizontal beam can be broadened to achieve the wide-beam characteristic.

[0028] Exemplarily, the number of the plurality of coupling patches is N, where N is a positive integer. Along the extension direction of the feeder, the distance between the center of the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the distance between the center of the j-th coupling patch and the feeder, and i + j = N + 1, where i and j are positive integers; wherein:

[0029] When N is an even number, along the extension direction of the feeder, the shape of the i-th coupling patch is centrosymmetric with respect to the shape of the j-th coupling patch. The slot widths between the first coupling patch to the N / 2-th coupling patch and the feeder are all inconsistent, and the slot width between the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the slot width between the j-th coupling patch and the feeder.

[0030] When N is an odd number, along the extension direction of the feeder, the shape of the i-th coupling patch is axisymmetric with respect to the shape of the j-th coupling patch, and the direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder. The slot widths between the first coupling patch to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch and the feeder are all inconsistent, and the slot width between the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the slot width between the j-th coupling patch and the feeder.

[0031] To optimize the radiation pattern characteristic of the antenna, when N is an even number, along the extension direction of the feeder, from the first coupling patch to the N / 2-th coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches in the extension direction of the feeder increase in sequence, but it does not exclude that adjacent coupling patches have the same width or the widths are close, as long as it is ensured that from the first coupling patch to the N / 2-th coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches in the extension direction X of the feeder show an increasing trend as a whole. When N is an odd number, along the extension direction of the feeder, from the first coupling patch to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches in the extension direction of the feeder increase in sequence, but it does not exclude that adjacent coupling patches have the same width or the widths are close, as long as it is ensured that from the first coupling patch to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches in the extension direction of the feeder show an increasing trend as a whole.

[0032] Further, when N is an odd number, along the extension direction of the feeder, the shape of the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch is an axisymmetric figure, and the direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder.

[0033] To suppress cross polarization, at least one of the plurality of coupling patches has a groove on a side facing away from the feeder, and the groove penetrates through the thickness of the coupling patch. The thickness direction of the coupling patch is the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first dielectric substrate is located.

[0034] In a possible implementation, each of the plurality of coupling patches has a groove on a side facing away from the feeder.

[0035] In specific implementation, when the width of the coupling patch along the feeder is greater than a certain value, cross polarization is likely to occur. Therefore, setting a groove in the coupling patch with a width greater than a certain value can effectively suppress cross polarization.

[0036] Exemplarily, along the extension direction of the feeder, from the first coupling patch to the Nth coupling patch:

[0037] When N is an even number, the coupling patches from the N / 2 - x to the N / 2 + y are the coupling patches with grooves, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than N / 2 - 1, and y is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N / 2 - 1;

[0038] When N is an odd number, the coupling patches from the (N + 1) / 2 - x to the (N + 1) / 2 + y are the coupling patches with grooves, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1.

[0039] In specific implementation, due to the limitation of the antenna pattern, the width of the coupling patch in the extension direction of the feeder belongs to [0.02λg, 0.5λg], such as 0.02λg, 0.05λg, 0.1λg, 0.2λg, 0.3λg, 0.4λg, 0.5λg, etc., which is not limited herein.

[0040] The length of the coupling patch in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder belongs to [0.02λg, 0.6λg], such as 0.02λg, 0.05λg, 0.1λg, 0.2λg, 0.3λg, 0.4λg, 0.5λg, 0.6λg, etc., so as to achieve a small - aperture arrangement of the antenna.

[0041] Correspondingly, the length of the parasitic patch in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder is 0.5λg, and the width of the parasitic patch in the extension direction of the feeder is less than or equal to 0.5λg. For example, the width of the parasitic patch in the extension direction of the feeder is equal to 0.25λg, which is not limited herein.

[0042] In specific implementation, among the multiple parasitic patches, there are at least two parasitic patches having the same shape and / or size.

[0043] To ensure consistent radiation characteristics, all parasitic patches have the same shape and size. And when the shapes and sizes of all parasitic patches are the same, the difficulty of the manufacturing process can also be reduced.

[0044] In a second aspect, a radar is provided, and the radar includes the antenna as described in the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the radar further includes a control chip, the control chip is connected to the antenna, and the control chip is used to control the antenna to transmit or receive signals.

[0046] In a third aspect, a detection device is provided, and the detection device includes the antenna as described in the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect.

[0047] In a fourth aspect, a terminal is provided, the terminal includes the antenna as described in the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect, or the terminal includes the radar as described in the second aspect or various embodiments of the second aspect.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the terminal is a vehicle, a drone or a robot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 FIG. is a top view structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the antenna in FIG. along the AA' direction;

[0051] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of yet another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 6 FIG. is a partial top view structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 7 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the center of an irregular figure in the present application;

[0056] Figure 8A top - view structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 9 A top - view structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 10 A top - view structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 11 A top - view structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 12 A partial top - view structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 13 A partial top - view structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 14 A working bandwidth schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 15 A radiation pattern schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0064] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0066] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "inside", "above", "below", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0067] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0068] Hereinafter, some terms in the embodiments of the present application will be explained to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0069] 1. Patch: A module in the antenna with wireless receiving and transmitting functions.

[0070] 2. Feeder: Also known as a cable, which has the function of transmitting signals.

[0071] To facilitate the understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application, its application scenario will be described first. The antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a terminal that realizes communication functions and / or detection functions through a radar or other detection devices with detection functions. The terminal can be a vehicle, a drone, an unmanned transport vehicle, or a robot in autonomous driving or intelligent driving. To meet the application of the terminal in a complex and changeable environment, the antenna needs to meet the requirements of large bandwidth, wide beam, low sidelobe, etc. However, due to the single resonance mode of the currently common antennas, the working bandwidth of the antenna is limited.

[0072] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna that can meet the design requirements of broadband coverage. The antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] First, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 as shown, Figure 1 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is Figure 1Cross-sectional view of the antenna along the AA' direction. The antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a feeder 11, a plurality of coupling patches 12, and a plurality of parasitic patches 13; wherein: the feeder 11 and the plurality of coupling patches 12 are located on one side of the first dielectric substrate 10, and the plurality of coupling patches 12 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, and there is a gap between at least one coupling patch 12 among the plurality of coupling patches 12 and the feeder 11; the plurality of parasitic patches 13 are located on the side of the first dielectric substrate 20 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and at least one parasitic patch 13 among the plurality of parasitic patches 13 corresponds to at least one of the coupling patches 12; wherein, among the parasitic patches corresponding to the coupling patch 12, the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch 13 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0074] In the antenna provided in the present application, since there is a gap between the coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11, the coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 can realize coupled feeding through the gap coupling form. Since the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch 13 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10. Thus, the parasitic patch 13 is excited by the coupling gap, and finally the coupling patch 12 and the parasitic patch 13 are simultaneously excited to achieve different resonant frequencies, thereby broadening the operating bandwidth and realizing broadband characteristics. And, in the present application, the coupling patch 12 and the parasitic patch 13 radiate together, so as to superimpose and realize the far-field radiation pattern. It is precisely because both the parasitic patch 13 and the coupling patch 12 can achieve independent resonance that the antenna of the present application is a dual-resonance form antenna.

[0075] See Figure 1 , the starting end 11a of the feeder 11 is used to realize the feeding of the antenna; the terminal 11b of the feeder 11 can be in an open state or a short-circuit state. When the terminal 11b of the feeder 11 is in an open state, the terminal 11b of the feeder 11 extends freely and is not connected to any conductor. When the terminal 11b of the feeder 11 is in a short-circuit state, the terminal 11b of the feeder 11 is used for grounding.

[0076] Exemplarily, as Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. The antenna further includes a floor layer 30 for grounding, and the floor layer 30 is located on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the parasitic patch 13. In specific implementation, the feeder 11 and the coupling patch 12 both need to be isolated from the floor layer 30.

[0077] The coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 in this application achieve coupled feeding through the form of slot coupling. The parasitic patch 13 is excited by the coupling slot. Finally, the coupling patch 12 and the parasitic patch 13 are simultaneously excited to achieve different resonant frequencies, thereby broadening the operating bandwidth and realizing broadband characteristics. Since both the parasitic patch 13 and the coupling patch 12 can achieve independent resonance, the antenna in this application is a dual-resonance antenna, and both the coupling patch 12 and the parasitic patch 13 operate in the TM01 mode, which is a typical patch operating mode.

[0078] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the antenna provided by the embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The arrow direction in Figure 4 is the direction of the electric field line. The darker the background color, the smaller the electric field intensity. It can be seen from

[0079] that, at the slot between the feeder 11 and the coupling patch 12, and between the slot and the parasitic patch 13, the electric field is relatively strong. The electric fields between the parasitic patch 13 and the floor layer 30, and between the coupling patch 12 and the floor layer 30 can be equivalent to magnetic currents, and the direction of the magnetic current is parallel to the extension direction X of the feeder 11, thereby realizing horizontal polarization.

[0079] Exemplarily, as Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 which is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another antenna provided by the embodiment of this application. The antenna may further include a second dielectric substrate 20, and the second dielectric substrate 20 is located on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the parasitic patch 13; the parasitic patch 13 is located on the first dielectric substrate 10; the feeder 11 and the coupling patch 12 are located on the second dielectric substrate 20 and on the side of the second dielectric substrate 20 facing the first dielectric substrate 10. In this way, the second dielectric substrate 20 can be used to isolate the feeder 11 and the coupling patch 12 from the floor layer 30.

[0080] In actual production, the parasitic patch can be formed on the first dielectric substrate by using the Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) process, and the coupling patch can also be formed on the second dielectric substrate by using the PCB process. In this way, the antenna structure is simple, has a low profile, is easy to integrate, has a low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

[0081] It can be understood that in this application, the feeder, the multiple coupling patches, and the multiple parasitic patches are used as a group of array units. There can be one group of array units on the floor layer, and of course, there can also be multiple groups of array units, which is not limited herein. Among them, Figure 1 only one group of array units is taken as an example for illustration.

[0082] In specific implementation, the materials of the parasitic patch and the coupling patch can be metal materials, such as copper, which is not limited herein. Both the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate can be made mainly of epoxy resin, polyphenylene ether resin or fluorine-based resin, that is, the dielectric substrate is a high-frequency substrate, which has the characteristics of small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss, close thermal expansion coefficient to copper, low water absorption, high chemical resistance, etc., and can meet the development trend of high-frequency communication equipment.

[0083] This application does not limit the shapes and sizes of the parasitic patch and the coupling patch, and they can be designed and debugged according to the requirements of coupling degree and impedance.

[0084] In specific implementation, the shape of the coupling patch can be a regular shape, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc., and of course it can also be an irregular shape. The shape of the parasitic patch can be a regular shape, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc., and of course it can also be an irregular shape.

[0085] In this application, the feeder 11 can be Figure 1 the straight type as shown, Figure 9 the broken line type or the curve type as shown, such as Figure 9 the zigzag (Z-shaped), wavy, bow-shaped, etc. shown, which is not limited herein.

[0086] It can be understood that this application does not limit the number of coupling patches and parasitic patches. The number of coupling patches can be the same as or different from the number of parasitic patches. Exemplarily, the number of parasitic patches can be set to be the same as the number of coupling patches having a gap with the feeder, so that each parasitic patch corresponds to a gap.

[0087] In this application, in order to ensure the coupling performance, the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch in at least one of the parasitic patches on the first dielectric substrate and the center of the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate is less than a preset value.

[0088] In this application, in order to ensure the consistency of radiation characteristics, when the number of parasitic patches in at least one of the parasitic patches is greater than 1, for each parasitic patch corresponding to the coupling patch, the position vector of the center of the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate relative to the center of the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate is the same, so as to ensure the consistency of radiation characteristics.

[0089] The "position vector" of point A relative to point B here can be understood as a vector with point B as the origin and point A as the end point. As Figure 6As shown, taking two parasitic patches 13 as an example, for the first parasitic patch 13(a), the position vector B1A1 of the center A1 of the orthographic projection of the first parasitic patch 13(a) on the first dielectric substrate relative to the gap between its corresponding coupling patch 12(a) and the feeder 11 and the center B1 of the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate. For the second parasitic patch 13(b), the position vector B2A2 of the center A2 of the orthographic projection of the second parasitic patch 13(b) on the first dielectric substrate relative to the gap between its corresponding coupling patch 12(b) and the feeder 11 and the center B2 of the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and B1A1 = B2A2.

[0090] Further, in order to ensure the consistency of radiation characteristics, for each parasitic patch corresponding to the coupling patch, the center of the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch in the at least one parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate coincides with the center of the orthographic projection of the gap between its corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate. Here, "coincidence" does not mean strict geometric coincidence, but a certain distance deviation is allowed in actual operation.

[0091] It should be noted that the "center" of the orthographic projection in this application can be understood as follows: if the orthographic projection pattern is a regular pattern, the "center" of the orthographic projection is the geometric center; if the orthographic projection pattern is an irregular pattern, the "center" of the orthographic projection can be the intersection point of the orthographic projection in two mutually perpendicular directions. For example Figure 7 As shown, the midpoint x1 is taken at the widest point of the orthographic projection along the first direction x, the midpoint y1 is taken at the widest point of the orthographic projection along the second direction y, and the intersection point O of the line along the second direction y passing through the point x1 and the line along the first direction x passing through the point y1 is the "center" of the orthographic projection. Where the first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular, and the first direction can be the extension direction of the feeder.

[0092] Next, taking the shapes of the coupling patch and the parasitic patch as rectangles and the feeder as a straight line or a broken line as an example, the antenna provided in this application will be described.

[0093] Exemplarily, referring to Figures 8 to 11 , in the antenna provided in the embodiment of this application, there is a gap between each coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11.

[0094] Further, each parasitic patch 13 in the plurality of parasitic patches 13 corresponds to one coupling patch 12 in the plurality of coupling patches 12 respectively, and the orthographic projection of each parasitic patch 13 on the first dielectric substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the gap between its corresponding coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

[0095] To ensure the consistency of radiation characteristics, for each parasitic patch corresponding to a coupling patch, the center of the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate coincides with the center of the orthographic projection of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate.

[0096] In specific implementation, to ensure the coupling strength between the coupling patch and the feeder, the gap width between the coupling patch and the feeder should not be too wide nor too small. Optionally, in this application, the gap width between the coupling patch and the feeder is controlled within [0.02λg, 0.5λg], where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0097] For the coupling patches having gaps with the feeder, there are at least two gaps with inconsistent widths between the coupling patches and the feeder. Thus, different coupling amounts are controlled by making the gap widths between the coupling patches and the feeder inconsistent to achieve low sidelobe weighting design.

[0098] Exemplarily, in this application, the gap widths between all the coupling patches and the feeder are inconsistent, thus achieving a better low sidelobe effect.

[0099] Exemplarily, refer to Figures 8 to 11 , the multiple coupling patches 12 are arranged in sequence on both sides of the feeder 11 along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, and any two adjacent coupling patches 12 along the extension direction X of the feeder 11 are respectively located on different sides of the feeder 11; the feeder length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent coupling patches 12 on the feeder 11 is equal to 0.5λg, and the feeder length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent parasitic patches 12 on the feeder 11 is equal to 0.5λg. Thus, two adjacent coupling patches 12 achieve opposite phases, and the antenna as a whole realizes half-wavelength spacing array. Moreover, since the coupling patches 12 are arranged in a staggered manner on both sides of the feeder 11, the corresponding parasitic patches 13 are also arranged in a staggered manner on both sides of the feeder 11, thereby broadening the horizontal beam width.

[0100] Here, the "center" of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) can be understood as follows: if the pattern of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) is a regular pattern, the "center" of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) is the geometric center; if the pattern of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) is an irregular pattern, the "center" of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) can be the intersection points of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch) in two mutually perpendicular directions. For example, refer to Figure 7, for the coupling patch (or parasitic patch), the midpoint x1 is taken at the widest point along the first direction x, the midpoint y1 is taken at the widest point along the second direction y, and the intersection of the line along the second direction y passing through point x1 and the line along the first direction x passing through point y1 is the "center" of the coupling patch (or parasitic patch). Here, the first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular, and the first direction can be the extension direction of the feeder line.

[0101] Specifically, refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the length of the feeder line 11 between the orthographic projections of the centers O1 and O2 of two adjacent coupling patches 12 (or parasitic patches) on the feeder line 11 is equal to 0.5λg. It can be understood that "0.5λg" here refers to 0.5λg in the ideal state, and deviations caused by manufacturing processes are allowed during actual production.

[0102] Furthermore, in the present application, in order to improve the radiation effect, refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the side 120 of the coupling patch 12 facing the feeder line 11 is parallel to the side 110 of the feeder line 11 facing the coupling patch 12, so as to ensure that the gap width between the coupling patch 12 and the feeder line 11 is equal everywhere.

[0103] In the present application, taking the parasitic patch 13 and the corresponding coupling patch 12 as a group of patches, by adjusting the relative positions of adjacent two groups of patches in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder line 11, the horizontal beam can be broadened to achieve the wide-beam characteristic.

[0104] Continue to refer to Figures 8 to 11 , the number of the plurality of coupling patches 12 is N, where N is a positive integer. Along the extension direction X of the feeder line 11, the distance between the center of the i-th coupling patch 12 and the feeder line 11 is the same as the distance between the center of the j-th coupling patch 12 and the feeder line 11, where i + j = N + 1.

[0105] When N is an even number, along the extension direction of the feeder line, the shape of the i-th coupling patch is centrosymmetric with respect to the center to the shape of the j-th coupling patch. Refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9, taking N = 8 as an example, the first coupling patch 12 and the eighth coupling patch 12 are respectively located on both sides of the feeder 11. The shapes of the first coupling patch 12 and the eighth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are centrosymmetric about the center, and the distance between the center of the first coupling patch 12 and the feeder 12 is the same as the distance between the center of the eighth coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11. The second coupling patch 12 and the seventh coupling patch 12 are respectively located on both sides of the feeder 11. The shapes of the second coupling patch 12 and the seventh coupling patch 12 are two figures that are centrosymmetric about the center, and the distance between the midline of the second coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 is the same as the distance between the midline of the seventh coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11. The third coupling patch 12 and the sixth coupling patch 12 are respectively located on both sides of the feeder 11. The shapes of the third coupling patch 12 and the sixth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are centrosymmetric about the center, and the distance between the center of the third coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 is the same as the distance between the center of the sixth coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11. The fourth coupling patch 12 and the fifth coupling patch 12 are respectively located on both sides of the feeder 11. The shapes of the fourth coupling patch 12 and the fifth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are centrosymmetric about the center, and the distance between the center of the fourth coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11 is the same as the distance between the center of the fifth coupling patch 12 and the feeder 11; thereby ensuring the symmetry and consistency of the antenna pattern.

[0106] When N is an even number, along the extension direction of the feeder, the slot widths between the first coupling patch to the N / 2-th coupling patch and the feeder are all inconsistent. The slot width between the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the slot width between the j-th coupling patch and the feeder, where i + j = N + 1.

[0107] When N is an odd number, along the extension direction of the feeder, the shape of the i-th coupling patch is axisymmetric with the shape of the j-th coupling patch, and the direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder. Refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11, taking N = 9 as an example, the first coupling patch 12 and the ninth coupling patch 12 are both on the same side of the feeder 11. The shape of the first coupling patch 12 and the shape of the ninth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are axisymmetric about an axis. The direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11, and the distance from the center of the first coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11 is the same as the distance from the center of the ninth coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11. The second coupling patch 12 and the eighth coupling patch 12 are both on the same side of the feeder 11. The shape of the second coupling patch 12 and the shape of the eighth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are axisymmetric about an axis. The direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11; and the distance from the midline of the second coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11 is the same as the distance from the midline of the eighth coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11. The third coupling patch 12 and the seventh coupling patch 12 are both on the same side of the feeder 11. The shape of the third coupling patch 12 and the shape of the seventh coupling patch 12 are two figures that are axisymmetric about an axis. The direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11; and the distance from the center of the third coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11 is the same as the distance from the center of the seventh coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11. The fourth coupling patch 12 and the sixth coupling patch 12 are both on the same side of the feeder 11. The shape of the fourth coupling patch 12 and the shape of the sixth coupling patch 12 are two figures that are axisymmetric about an axis. The direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11; and the distance from the center of the fourth coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11 is the same as the distance from the center of the sixth coupling patch 12 to the feeder 11; thus ensuring the symmetry and consistency of the antenna pattern.

[0108] When N is odd, along the extension direction of the feeder, the slot widths between the first coupling patch to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch and the feeder are all inconsistent. The slot width between the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the slot width between the j-th coupling patch and the feeder, where i + j = N + 1.

[0109] Continue to refer to Figures 8 to 11 , in order to optimize the antenna pattern characteristics, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, when N is an even number, along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, from the first coupling patch 12 to the N / 2-th coupling patch 12, the widths of the coupling patches 12 gradually increase along the extension direction X of the feeder 11. However, it does not exclude that adjacent coupling patches 12 have the same width or similar widths, as long as it is ensured that from the first coupling patch 12 to the N / 2-th coupling patch 12, the widths of the coupling patches 12 show an overall increasing trend along the extension direction X of the feeder 11. As Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, when N is an odd number, along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, from the first coupling patch 12 to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch 12, the widths of the coupling patches 12 gradually increase along the extension direction X of the feeder 11. However, it does not exclude that adjacent coupling patches 12 have the same width or similar widths, as long as it is ensured that from the first coupling patch 12 to the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch 12, the widths of the coupling patches 12 show an overall increasing trend along the extension direction X of the feeder 11.

[0110] Furthermore, when N is an odd number, the width of the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch along the extension direction of the feeder is the widest. Refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the width of the 5-th coupling patch 12 along the extension direction X of the feeder 11 is the widest. Of course, in specific implementation, it can also be that the width of the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch along the extension direction of the feeder is the same as that of the (N - 1) / 2-th coupling patch and the (N - 3) / 2-th coupling patch.

[0111] To ensure the symmetry and consistency of the antenna pattern, when the number of coupling patches is odd, along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, the shape of the (N + 1) / 2-th coupling patch 12 is an axisymmetric figure, and the direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11. Continuing to refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the shape of the 5-th coupling patch 12 is an axisymmetric figure, and the direction of the axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder 11.

[0112] Continuing to refer to Figures 8 to 11 , to suppress cross polarization, there is at least one coupling patch 12 among the multiple coupling patches 12, and a groove V is provided on the side of the coupling patch 12 facing away from the feeder 11, and the groove V penetrates through the thickness of the coupling patch 12. The thickness direction of the coupling patch 12 is the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first dielectric substrate 10 is located. In Figures 8 to 11Among them, the thickness direction of the coupling patch 12 is perpendicular to the plane formed by the X direction and the Y direction, and the Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder.

[0113] In a possible implementation manner, each of the plurality of coupling patches has a groove on the side facing away from the feeder.

[0114] In specific implementation, when the width of the coupling patch along the feeder is greater than a certain value, cross-polarization is likely to occur. Therefore, setting a groove in the coupling patch with a width greater than a certain value can effectively suppress cross-polarization.

[0115] See Figures 8 to 11 , the closer the coupling patch 12 is arranged to the middle position, the greater the width along the extension direction X of the feeder 11. Therefore, among the plurality of coupling patches 12 arranged along the extension direction X of the feeder 11, the coupling patch 12 arranged closer to the middle position is the coupling patch 12 with the groove V.

[0116] Taking the number of coupling patches as N as an example, when N is an even number, the coupling patches with grooves arranged closer to the middle position can be the (N / 2 - x)th to the (N / 2 + y)th coupling patches 12, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than N / 2 - 1, and y is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N / 2 - 1; for example, the coupling patch 12 with a groove can be the N / 2th and the (N / 2 + 1)th coupling patches, or the (N / 2 - i)th to the (N / 2 + 1 + j)th coupling patches, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N / 2 - 1, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N / 2 - 1, and i and j can be the same or different. To ensure the symmetry of the antenna pattern, i and j are the same. Taking N = 8 as an example, the coupling patches arranged closer to the middle position can be the 4th and the 5th coupling patches, or the (4 - i)th to the (5 + j)th coupling patches, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than 3, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than 3.

[0117] When N is odd, the coupling patches arranged near the middle position can be the ((N + 1) / 2 - x)-th to ((N + 1) / 2 + y)-th coupling patches 12, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1; for example, the coupling patch 12 with a groove is the ((N + 1) / 2)-th coupling patch, or it can also be the ((N + 1) / 2 - i)-th to ((N + 1) / 2 + j)-th coupling patches, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1, and i and j can be the same or different. To ensure the symmetry of the antenna pattern, i and j are the same. Taking N = 9 as an example, the coupling patch with a groove arranged near the middle position can be the 5-th coupling patch, or it can also be the (5 - i)-th to (5 + j)-th coupling patches, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than 4, and j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than 4. Specifically, the number of the coupling patches with grooves can be set according to the width of the coupling patches along the extension direction of the feeder line.

[0118] In specific implementation, referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , due to the limitation of the antenna pattern, the width w of the coupling patch along the extension direction X of the feeder line 11 is controlled between [0.02λg, 0.5λg], such as 0.02λg, 0.05λg, 0.1λg, 0.2λg, 0.3λg, 0.4λg, 0.5λg, etc., which is not limited herein.

[0119] Continuing to refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the length L of the coupling patch in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction X of the feeder line is controlled between [0.02λg, 0.6λg], for example, 0.02λg, 0.05λg, 0.1λg, 0.2λg, 0.3λg, 0.4λg, 0.5λg, 0.6λg, etc., so as to achieve the small-aperture arrangement of the antenna.

[0120] Correspondingly, the length of the parasitic patch in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder line is 0.5λg, and the width of the parasitic patch along the extension direction of the feeder line is less than or equal to 0.5λg. For example, the width of the parasitic patch along the extension direction of the feeder line is equal to 0.25λg, which is not limited herein.

[0121] Furthermore, it can be understood that "0.5λg" in the length of the parasitic patch being 0.5λg in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the feeder line refers to 0.5λg in the ideal state, and deviations caused by manufacturing processes are allowed during actual production.

[0122] In this application, when the terminal of the feeder is in an open state, the distance from the center of the coupling patch closest to the feeder terminal to the feeder terminal in the orthogonal projection on the feeder is 0.5λg; when the terminal of the feeder is in a short - circuit state, the distance from the center of the coupling patch closest to the feeder terminal to the feeder terminal in the orthogonal projection on the feeder is 0.25λg. Here, "0.5λg" and "0.25λg" refer to the ideal state, and in actual production, deviations caused by manufacturing processes are allowed to exist.

[0123] In specific implementation, among the multiple parasitic patches, there are at least two parasitic patches having the same shape and / or size.

[0124] To ensure consistent radiation characteristics, refer to Figures 8 to 11 , all the parasitic patches 13 have the same shape and size. And when the shapes and sizes of all the parasitic patches 13 are the same, the difficulty of the manufacturing process can also be reduced.

[0125] Refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 Taking the feeder terminal in the short - circuit state as an example, after designing the number, size of the coupling patches and the slot width in the antenna shown in Figure 8 , the schematic diagram of the operating bandwidth of the antenna is obtained. It can be seen from the figure that the starting frequency is 74.68 GHz, the cut - off frequency is 81.77 GHz, and the bandwidth can reach 7.09 GHz, realizing broadband characteristics.

[0126] Refer to Figure 15 , Figure 14 The schematic diagram of the radiation pattern corresponding to the antenna in Figure 1 . It can be seen from the figure that the antenna has good direction consistency within the entire operating bandwidth, the radiation pattern does not distort with the change of frequency, and the radiation pattern bandwidth is about 5 GHz.

[0127] Exemplarily, comparing the antenna provided by one embodiment of this application with the existing comb - shaped antenna, the parameters of the antenna are shown in the following table:

[0128]

[0129] It can be seen from the above table that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna provided by this embodiment of this application is significantly improved compared with the existing comb - shaped antenna.

[0130] Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a radar, which includes an antenna, and the antenna can be any one of the antennas in the above - mentioned embodiments. Further, the radar is a millimeter - wave radar.

[0131] Optionally, the radar further includes a control chip, the control chip is connected to the antenna, and the control chip is used to control the antenna to transmit or receive signals.

[0132] The radar may also be other detection devices with detection functions.

[0133] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a terminal, which includes the above-mentioned radar or the above-mentioned antenna.

[0134] Optionally, the terminal described in the embodiments of the present application may have the ability to implement communication functions and / or detection functions through the radar, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0135] In a possible implementation manner, the terminal may be a vehicle, a drone, an unmanned transport vehicle, or a robot in autonomous driving or intelligent driving, etc.

[0136] In another possible implementation manner, the terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a terminal in industrial control, a terminal in self-driving, a terminal in remote medical, a terminal in smart grid, a terminal in transportation safety, a terminal in smart city, a terminal in smart home, etc.

[0137] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The invention comprises a first dielectric substrate, a feed line, a plurality of coupling patches and a plurality of parasitic patches, wherein: The feed line and the plurality of coupling patches are located on one side of the first dielectric substrate, the plurality of coupling patches are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the feed line, and a gap is provided between each of the plurality of coupling patches and the feed line; The plurality of parasitic patches are located on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the feeder, and at least one parasitic patch among the plurality of parasitic patches corresponds to at least one coupling patch; The orthographic projection of the at least one parasitic patch on the first dielectric substrate coincides with the orthographic projection center of the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder on the first dielectric substrate; the parasitic patch is excited by the gap between the corresponding coupling patch and the feeder; The number of the plurality of coupling patches is N, where N is a positive integer.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of coupling patches are sequentially arranged on both sides of the feeder along the extension direction of the feeder, and any two adjacent coupling patches along the extension direction of the feeder are respectively located on different sides of the feeder; The feed line length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent coupling patches along the feed line is equal to 0.5λg, and the feed line length between the orthographic projections of the centers of two adjacent parasitic patches along the feed line is equal to 0.5λg, where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Along the extension direction of the feeder, the distance between the center of the i-th coupling patch and the feeder is the same as the distance between the center of the j-th coupling patch and the feeder, i+j=N+1, i and j are positive integers; in: When N is an even number, along the extension direction of the feed line, the shape of the i-th coupling patch and the shape of the j-th coupling patch are symmetrical about the center; or When N is an odd number, along the extension direction of the feed line, the shape of the i-th coupling patch and the shape of the j-th coupling patch are symmetrical about an axis, and the direction of the symmetry axis is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, N is an even number, Along the extension direction of the feeder line, from the first coupling patch to the N / 2th coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches along the extension direction of the feeder line increase sequentially.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, N is an odd number, Along the extension direction of the feeder line, from the first coupling patch to the (N+1) / 2nd coupling patch, the widths of the coupling patches along the extension direction of the feeder line increase sequentially.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, 5, characterized in that, N is an odd number, and along the extension direction of the feed line, the shape of the (N+1) / 2th coupling patch is an axisymmetric figure, and the direction of the symmetry axis is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, There is at least one coupling patch among the plurality of coupling patches, and a groove is provided on a side of the coupling patch facing away from the feed line, and the groove runs through the thickness of the coupling patch.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the feed line, from the first coupling patch to the Nth coupling patch: When N is an even number, the N / 2-xth to N / 2+yth coupling patches are coupling patches with grooves, wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than N / 2-1, and y is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to N / 2-1; When N is odd, the ((N + 1) / 2 - x)-th to ((N + 1) / 2 + y)-th of the coupling patches are the coupling patches with grooves, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than (N + 1) / 2 - 1.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The width of the coupling patch in the direction of the feeder extension belongs to [0.02λg, 0.5λg], and the length of the coupling patch perpendicular to the feeder extension direction belongs to [0.02λg, 0.6λg], where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, There are at least two gaps with inconsistent widths between the coupling patches and the feeder.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The width of the gap between the coupling patch and the feeder belongs to [0.02λg, 0.5λg], where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, Among the multiple parasitic patches, there are at least two parasitic patches having the same shape and / or size.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The length of the parasitic patch perpendicular to the feeder extension direction is 0.5λg, and the width of the parasitic patch in the direction of the feeder extension is less than or equal to 0.5λg, where λg is the waveguide wavelength.

14. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that,The feeder is in a straight line, a broken line or a curve.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, It further includes a second dielectric substrate; The second dielectric substrate is located on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the parasitic patch; The parasitic patch is located on the first dielectric substrate; The feeder and the coupling patch are located on the second dielectric substrate and on the side of the second dielectric substrate facing the first dielectric substrate.

16. A radar, characterized in that, The radar includes the antenna according to any one of claims 1 - 15.

17. The radar according to claim 16, characterized in that, The radar further includes a control chip, the control chip is connected to the antenna, and the control chip is used to control the antenna to transmit or receive signals.

18. A detection device, characterized in that, The detection device includes the antenna according to any one of claims 1 - 15.

19. A terminal, characterized in that, The terminal includes the antenna according to any one of claims 1 - 15 or the radar according to claim 16 or 17.

20. The terminal according to claim 19, characterized in that, The terminal is a vehicle, a drone or a robot.

Images