Variable battery pack

Abstract

The present invention provides a variable battery pack, including a variable battery pack module: including multiple batteries, any battery is connected to at least two battery packs through a battery access line; a switch detection module: used to detect the state of the switch in the battery access line; an electric control switch module: to control the battery to be connected to the battery pack or disconnected from the battery pack; an AD detection module: used to detect the voltage and / or current of the battery; a control center module: including a single-chip microcomputer, and the switch detection module, the electric control switch module and the circuits on the AD detection module are all connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer. By estimating the voltage difference of the battery pack, when the voltage difference between the battery packs reaches a certain value, the battery pack with a high output voltage is exchanged and grouped with the battery pack with a low voltage to achieve relative power balance grouping, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-discharge and over-charge of the battery, and improving the discharge time of the battery pack, the battery life and energy utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery pack design, and in particular to a variable battery pack. Background Art

[0002] At present, most battery combinations adopt fixed grouping, that is, each battery is fixedly assigned to a string group of the battery pack. Since most of the batteries in the battery pack are lithium batteries and lead batteries, these batteries have strong individual characteristics. Even if they are batteries of the same specifications produced by the same manufacturer, the battery quality is slightly different, and the discharge voltage range is also quite different. The battery power attenuation due to changes in the number of cycles, time, temperature, etc. is even more uneven.

[0003] The individual characteristics of the battery will be transmitted to the battery pack it composes, making the actual power of each string of the battery pack different, resulting in a difference in the power of the battery string. The size of the difference is positively correlated with the number of battery series, and negatively correlated with the number of parallel batteries in a single string. For a multi-stage battery pack, the voltage is the sum of the voltages of each string, and the power is the power value of the string with the smallest power in the battery pack.

[0004] The existing Chinese patent with publication number CN106573551B discloses a method for connecting multiple battery cells of a battery pack, wherein the multiple battery cells can be connected in series with each other, and a single first control parameter P1 and a single second control parameter P2 are pre-set for all the battery cells, wherein in order to generate a desired output voltage of the battery pack, each battery cell is electrically coupled to the battery pack with a corresponding first probability defined by the first control parameter P1 and is electrically decoupled from the battery pack with a corresponding second probability defined by the second control parameter P2, characterized in that the value of the first control parameter P1 and the value of the second control parameter P2 are repeatedly pre-set at an update frequency related to the desired output voltage to be generated by the battery pack.

[0005] The inventor believes that the battery pack in the prior art has the following defects:

[0006] 1. The change of the total voltage of the battery pack has a large deviation in the effectiveness of mapping the relevant characteristics of the battery in the battery string or string, and the deviation is positively correlated with the difference in the power of the battery string and the number of battery levels;

[0007] 2. For battery packs with many stages and large differences in the power of the strings, some batteries in the strings with smaller power are prone to over-discharge and over-charge, which accelerates the power decay of these batteries;

[0008] 3. The part of the battery group whose power is higher than the minimum string power value cannot be used, resulting in a waste of resources;

[0009] 4. The fixed combination management system cannot obtain the battery pack battery power attenuation or damage information, and inspection and replacement are extremely difficult;

[0010] 5. The attenuation or damage of some batteries causes a significant drop in the battery pack's power, and sometimes the entire battery needs to be replaced. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable battery pack.

[0012] A variable battery pack provided according to the present invention includes a variable battery pack module: including multiple batteries, any of the batteries are connected to at least two battery packs through a battery access line; a switch detection module: used to detect the state of the switch in the battery access line; an electric control switch module: controls the battery to be connected to the battery pack or disconnected from the battery pack; an AD detection module: used to detect the voltage and / or current of the battery; a control center module: including a single-chip microcomputer, and the circuits on the switch detection module, the electric control switch module and the AD detection module are all connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0013] Preferably, the positive electrode of any of the batteries is connected to the positive electrodes of at least two battery packs through a battery positive electrode access circuit, and the negative electrode of any of the batteries is connected to the negative electrodes of at least two battery packs through a battery negative electrode access circuit; the variable battery pack module includes: a battery J1, a self-latching relay RL1, a self-latching relay RL3, a diode D1 and a diode D3; a battery positive electrode access circuit: the positive electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL1, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, Connected to the cathode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch, and the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch; battery cathode access circuit: the cathode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL3, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and to the cathode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch, and the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch.

[0014] Preferably, the switch detection module includes: a battery detection module: including a detection power supply, an optical coupling element U15 and a resistor R15, wherein the transistor collector C of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the positive or negative electrode of the battery through the line MO, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the pin of the single-chip computer; a battery pack Detection module: including an optocoupler U34, a resistor R34, an optocoupler U33 and a resistor R33, wherein the anode A of the light emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode K of the light emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are connected to the pins of the single chip computer respectively, the transistor collector C of the optocoupler U34 is connected to the anode of a series group of the battery pack through the resistor R34 and the line F0, and the transistor collector C of the optocoupler U33 is connected to the anode of a series group of the battery pack through the resistor R33 and the line F1. The negative electrode of the series group should be connected, and the transistor emitter E of the optical coupler U34 is led out through the wire JC1, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupler U33 is led out through the wire JC1, the wire JC0 detects the battery positive connection switch, the wire JC1 detects the battery negative connection switch, the optical coupler U33 and the optical coupler U34 respectively detect the two switches on the positive and negative electrodes of a series group; the switch group module: includes an optical coupler U35, an optical coupler U36 and a resistor R35, the optical coupler U35 and the optical coupler U36 The cathode K of the light-emitting diode is connected to the cathode of the detection power supply, the anode A of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U35 is connected to the wire JC1, the anode A of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U36 is connected to the wire JC0, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U35 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA5, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U36 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA4, the transistor collectors C of the optical coupling element U35 and the optical coupling element U36 are both connected to one end of the resistor R35, and the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply.

[0015] Preferably, the battery detection module is connected to a group at the positive electrode and negative electrode of any battery respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the battery pack detection module and the switch group module are both arranged corresponding to the battery pack.

[0017] Preferably, the batteries in the variable battery pack are arranged in columns.

[0018] Preferably, the electronically controlled switch module comprises:

[0019] A row switch group: comprising a row switch connected to the control end of a self-locking relay in a battery access circuit of any battery in the same row; an open column switch group: comprising an open column switch connected to the control end of a battery access circuit of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group; a closed column switch group: comprising a closed column switch connected to the control end of a battery access circuit of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group.

[0020] Preferably, the electric control switch module further includes a current steering switch group for selecting the positive and negative poles of the current.

[0021] Preferably, the AD detection module is connected to one or more positive and negative electrodes of one or more battery strings.

[0022] Preferably, the AD detection module includes: an optical coupling element U39, a transistor Q15, a resistor R39, a relay RL47, a relay RL48, a resistor R47, a resistor R48 and a resistor R49, the diode anode A of the optical coupling element U39 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the diode cathode K of the optical coupling element U39 is connected to the PB2 pin of the single-chip computer, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U39 is connected to the base of the transistor Q15, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q15 is connected to one end of the resistor R39, the first control end of the relay RL47 and the first control end of the relay RL48 ... the base of the transistor Q15, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q15 is connected to the base of the transistor Q15, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of The other end of the resistor R39 is connected to the transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U39, the second control ends of the relay RL47 and the relay RL48 are both connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL47 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the moving contact of the relay RL48 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the static contact of the relay RL47 is connected to one end of the resistor R47, the other end of the resistor R47 is connected to one end of the resistor R48 and the microcontroller PA1 pin, the other end of the resistor R48 is connected to one end of the resistor R49 and the negative electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to the static contact of the relay RL48.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention detects the voltage of the battery through the AD detection module, estimates the voltage difference of the battery pack, and when the voltage difference between the battery packs reaches a certain value, exchanges and groups the batteries of the battery pack with high output voltage with the batteries of the battery pack with low voltage to achieve relative power balance grouping, which helps to reduce the occurrence of over-discharge and over-charge of the battery, and further helps to improve the discharge time of the battery pack, the battery life and the energy utilization rate;

[0025] 2. The present invention connects the battery to the battery pack through the battery access line, and can connect the battery to different battery packs by controlling the switch in the battery access line, thereby realizing the connection of variable battery packs, which helps to improve the flexibility of battery pack use;

[0026] 3. The present invention uses a battery detection module connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, a battery group detection module connected to the positive and negative electrodes of any battery group, and a switch group module corresponding to the battery group detection module one by one, so as to detect the switches in each positive electrode access line and negative electrode access line connected to the battery, and can quickly determine the corresponding switch position that has changed through a determinant arrangement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram mainly showing the overall structure of the variable battery pack circuit of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure circuit of a battery connection string group mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram mainly showing the overall structure of the battery detection module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram mainly showing the overall structure of the battery pack detection module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram mainly showing the overall structure of the switch group module of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pin structure of a single-chip microcomputer mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the electric control switch module mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the AD detection module mainly embodied in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a variable battery pack provided according to the present invention includes a variable battery pack module, a switch detection module, an electric control switch module, an AD detection module and a control hollow module. The variable battery pack module includes a plurality of batteries, any battery is connected to at least two battery packs through a battery access line, the switch detection module is used to detect the state of the switch in the battery access line, the electric control switch module is used to control the battery to be connected to or disconnected from the battery pack, the AD detection module is used to detect the voltage and / or current of the battery, the control center module includes a single-chip microcomputer, and the circuits on the switch detection module, the electric control switch module and the AD detection module are all connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0038] The variable battery pack of the present application can detect the voltage or current of each battery through the AD detection module, calculate the power of each battery, and then connect each battery to the corresponding battery pack by controlling the switch on the battery access line, thereby realizing a variable combination of batteries, avoiding over-discharge and over-charge of the batteries, and improving battery life and energy utilization.

[0039] Now, take two battery groups and four batteries, and any battery is connected to two battery groups through a battery access line as an example. The four batteries are arranged in a matrix, including two rows and two columns:

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the variable battery pack module includes a battery J1, a latching relay RL1, a latching relay RL3, a diode D1 and a diode D3.

[0041] The positive electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the positive electrode access line of the first battery pack: the positive electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL1, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the negative electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch through the line K0, and the positive electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch through the line G0. When the current flows from the line EO to the line K0, the self-latching relay RL1 is turned on; when the current flows from the line G0 to the line E0, the self-latching relay RL1 is turned off.

[0042] The battery J1 is connected to the negative electrode access line of the first battery pack: the negative electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL3, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the negative electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch through the line K0, and the positive electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch through the line G0. The current flows in from the line E0 and flows out from the line K0, the self-latching relay RL3 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G0 and flows out from the line E0, and the self-latching relay RL3 is turned off.

[0043] The positive electrode access circuit of the battery J1 connected to the second battery pack includes a self-latching relay RL2, a self-latching relay RL4, a diode D2 and a diode D4. The positive electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL2, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL2 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack through the circuit F1, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL2 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the circuit E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL2 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D2 and the negative electrode of the diode D4, the negative electrode of the diode D2 is connected to the static contact of the seventh control switch through the circuit K1, and the positive electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the static contact of the eighth control switch through the circuit G1. When the current flows in from the circuit E0 and flows out from the circuit K1, the self-latching relay RL2 is turned on; when the current flows in from the circuit G1 and flows out from the circuit E0, the self-latching relay RL2 is turned off.

[0044] The battery J1 is connected to the negative electrode access line of the second battery pack: the negative electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL4, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL4 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery pack through the line F2, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL4 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL4 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D2 and the negative electrode of the diode D4, the negative electrode of the diode D2 is connected to the static contact of the seventh control switch through the line K1, and the positive electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the static contact of the eighth control switch through the line G1. The current flows in from the line EO and flows out from the line K1, the self-latching relay RL4 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G1 and flows out from the line EO, and the self-latching relay RL4 is turned off.

[0045] It also includes a battery J2, a latching relay RL5, a latching relay RL7, a diode D5, and a diode D7.

[0046] The positive electrode access line of the battery J2 connected to the first battery pack: the positive electrode of the battery J2 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL5, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL5 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL5 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL5 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D5 and the negative electrode of the diode D7, the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch through the line K0, and the positive electrode of the diode D7 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch through the line G0. The current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K0, the self-latching relay RL5 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G0 and flows out from the line E1, and the self-latching relay RL5 is turned off.

[0047] Battery J2 is connected to the negative electrode access line of the first battery pack: the negative electrode of battery J2 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL7, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL7 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL7 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL7 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D5 and the negative electrode of the diode D7, the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch through the line K0, and the positive electrode of the diode D7 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch through the line G0. The current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K0, the self-latching relay RL7 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G0 and flows out from the line E1, and the self-latching relay RL7 is turned off.

[0048] The positive electrode access line of the battery J2 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL6, a diode D6 and a diode D8. The positive electrode of the battery J2 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL6, and the static contact of the self-locking relay RL6 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack through the line F1. The first control end of the self-locking relay RL6 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1. The second control end of the self-locking relay RL6 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D6 and the negative electrode of the diode D8. The negative electrode of the diode D6 is connected to the static contact of the seventh control switch through the line K1, and the positive electrode of the diode D8 is connected to the static contact of the eighth control switch through the line G1. When the current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K1, the self-locking relay RL6 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G1 and flows out from the line E1, the self-locking relay RL6 is turned off.

[0049] The negative electrode access line of the battery J2 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL8, the negative electrode of the battery J2 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL8, the static contact of the self-locking relay RL8 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery pack through the line F2, the first control end of the self-locking relay RL8 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-locking relay RL8 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D6 and the negative electrode of the diode D8, the negative electrode of the diode D6 is connected to the static contact of the seventh control switch through the line K1, and the positive electrode of the diode D8 is connected to the static contact of the eighth control switch through the line G1. When the current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K1, the self-locking relay RL8 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G1 and flows out from the line E1, the self-locking relay RL8 is turned off.

[0050] Also included is a battery J5, a latching relay RL17, a latching relay RL19, a diode D17, and a diode D19.

[0051] The positive electrode access line of the battery J5 connected to the first battery pack: the positive electrode of the battery J5 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL17, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL17 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL17 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL17 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D17, and is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D19, the negative electrode of the diode D17 is connected to the static contact of the fifth control switch through the line K2, and the positive electrode of the diode D19 is connected to the static contact of the sixth control switch through the line G2. The current flows in from the line E0 and flows out from the line K2, the self-latching relay RL17 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G2 and flows out from the line E0, and the self-latching relay RL17 is turned off.

[0052] The battery J5 is connected to the negative electrode access line of the first battery pack: the negative electrode of the battery J5 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL19, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL19 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL19 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL19 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D17 and the negative electrode of the diode D19, the negative electrode of the diode D17 is connected to the static contact of the fifth control switch through the line K2, and the positive electrode of the diode D19 is connected to the static contact of the sixth control switch through the line G2. The current flows in from the line E0 and flows out from the line K2, the self-latching relay RL19 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G2 and flows out from the line E0, and the self-latching relay RL19 is turned off.

[0053] The positive electrode access line of the battery J5 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL18, a diode D18 and a diode D20. The positive electrode of the battery J5 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL18, and the static contact of the self-locking relay RL18 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack through the line F1. The first control end of the self-locking relay RL18 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0. The second control end of the self-locking relay RL18 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D18 and the negative electrode of the diode D20. The negative electrode of the diode D18 is connected to the static contact of the ninth control switch through the line K3, and the positive electrode of the diode D20 is connected to the static contact of the tenth control switch through the line G3. When the current flows in from the line E0 and flows out from the line K3, the self-locking relay RL18 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G3 and flows out from the line E0, the self-locking relay RL18 is turned off.

[0054] The negative electrode access line of the battery J5 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL20, the negative electrode of the battery J5 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL20, the static contact of the self-locking relay RL20 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery pack through the line F2, the first control end of the self-locking relay RL20 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch through the line E0, the second control end of the self-locking relay RL20 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D18 and the negative electrode of the diode D20, the negative electrode of the diode D18 is connected to the static contact of the ninth control switch through the line K3, and the positive electrode of the diode D20 is connected to the static contact of the tenth control switch through the line G3. When the current flows in from the line E0 and flows out from the line K3, the self-locking relay RL20 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G3 and flows out from the line E0, the self-locking relay RL20 is turned off.

[0055] It includes a battery J6, a latching relay RL21, a latching relay RL23, a diode D21 and a diode D23.

[0056] The positive electrode access line of the battery J6 connected to the first battery pack: the positive electrode of the battery J6 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL21, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL21 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL21 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL21 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D21 and the negative electrode of the diode D23, the negative electrode of the diode D21 is connected to the static contact of the fifth control switch through the line K2, and the positive electrode of the diode D23 is connected to the static contact of the sixth control switch through the line G2. The current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K2, the self-latching relay RL21 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G2 and flows out from the line E1, and the self-latching relay RL21 is turned off.

[0057] Battery J6 is connected to the negative electrode access line of the first battery pack: the negative electrode of battery J6 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL23, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL23 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL23 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL23 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D21 and the negative electrode of the diode D23, the negative electrode of the diode D21 is connected to the static contact of the fifth control switch through the line K2, and the positive electrode of the diode D23 is connected to the static contact of the sixth control switch through the line G2. The current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K2, the self-latching relay RL21 is turned on, the current flows in from the line G2 and flows out from the line E1, and the self-latching relay RL21 is turned off.

[0058] The positive electrode access line of the battery J6 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL22, a diode D22 and a diode D24. The positive electrode of the battery J6 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL22, and the static contact of the self-locking relay RL22 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack through the line F1. The first control end of the self-locking relay RL22 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1. The second control end of the self-locking relay RL22 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D22 and the negative electrode of the diode D24. The negative electrode of the diode D22 is connected to the static contact of the ninth control switch through the line K3, and the positive electrode of the diode D24 is connected to the static contact of the tenth control switch through the line G3. When the current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K3, the self-locking relay RL22 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G3 and flows out from the line E1, the self-locking relay RL22 is turned off.

[0059] The negative electrode access line of the battery J6 connected to the second battery pack also includes a self-locking relay RL24, the negative electrode of the battery J6 is connected to the moving contact of the self-locking relay RL24, the static contact of the self-locking relay RL24 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery pack through the line F2, the first control end of the self-locking relay RL24 is connected to the static contact of the fourth control switch through the line E1, the second control end of the self-locking relay RL24 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D22 and the negative electrode of the diode D24, the negative electrode of the diode D22 is connected to the static contact of the ninth control switch through the line K3, and the positive electrode of the diode D24 is connected to the static contact of the tenth control switch through the line G3. When the current flows in from the line E1 and flows out from the line K3, the self-locking relay RL24 is turned on, and when the current flows in from the line G3 and flows out from the line E1, the self-locking relay RL24 is turned off.

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6As shown, the switch detection module includes: a battery detection module, a battery pack detection module and a switch pack module.

[0061] The battery detection module includes: a detection power supply, an optocoupler element U15 and a resistor R15, the transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U15 is connected to one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery J1 through the line MO, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U15 is connected to the PD0 pin of the microcontroller.

[0062] It also includes a coupling element U16 and a resistor R16. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U16 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U16 is connected to one end of the resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery J1 through the line M1, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U16 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U16 is connected to the PD1 pin of the microcontroller.

[0063] It also includes an optocoupler element U17 and a resistor R17. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U17 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U17 is connected to one end of the resistor R17, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery J2 through the line M2, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U17 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U17 is connected to the PD2 pin of the microcontroller.

[0064] It also includes a coupling element U18 and a resistor R18. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U18 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U18 is connected to one end of the resistor R18, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery J2 through the line M3, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U18 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U18 is connected to the PD3 pin of the microcontroller.

[0065] It also includes an optocoupler element U23 and a resistor R23. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U23 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U23 is connected to one end of the resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery J5 through the line M8, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U23 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U23 is connected to the PD8 pin of the microcontroller.

[0066] It also includes a coupling element U24 and a resistor R24. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U24 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U24 is connected to one end of the resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 ​​is connected to the negative electrode of the battery J5 through the line M9, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U24 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U24 is connected to the PD9 pin of the microcontroller.

[0067] It also includes an optocoupler element U25 and a resistor R25. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U25 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U25 is connected to one end of the resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery J6 through the line M10, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U25 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U25 is connected to the PD10 pin of the microcontroller.

[0068] It also includes a coupling element U26 and a resistor R26. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U26 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U26 is connected to one end of the resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery J6 through the line M11, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U26 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler element U26 is connected to the PD11 pin of the microcontroller.

[0069] The battery pack detection module includes an optocoupler U34, a resistor R34, an optocoupler U33 and a resistor R33. The positive electrodes A of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply. The negative electrodes K of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are connected to the microcontroller pin PA13 respectively. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler U34 is connected to the positive electrode of a series group of the battery pack through the resistor R34 and the line F0. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler U33 is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding series group of the battery pack through the resistor R33 and the line F1. The transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U34 is led out through the wire JC0, and the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U33 is led out through the wire JC1. The wire JC0 detects the battery positive connection switch, and the wire JC1 detects the battery negative connection switch. The optocoupler U33 and the optocoupler U34 respectively detect the two switches on the positive and negative poles of a series group.

[0070] The battery pack detection module also includes an optocoupler U32, a resistor R32, an optocoupler U31 and a resistor R31. The positive electrodes A of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U32 and the optocoupler U31 are both connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply. The negative electrodes K of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U32 and the optocoupler U31 are respectively connected to the microcontroller pin PA14. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler U32 is connected to the positive electrode of a series group of the battery pack through the resistor R32 and the line F1. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler U31 is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding series group of the battery pack through the resistor R31 and the line F2. The transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U32 is led out through the wire JC0, and the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U31 is led out through the wire JC1.

[0071] Switch group module: includes optocoupler U35, optocoupler U36 and resistor R35, the cathode K of the light-emitting diode of optocoupler U35 and optocoupler U36 is connected to the cathode of the detection power supply, the anode A of the light-emitting diode of optocoupler U35 is connected to the wire JC1, the anode A of the light-emitting diode of optocoupler U36 is connected to the wire JC0, the transistor emitter E of optocoupler U35 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA5, the transistor emitter E of optocoupler U36 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA4, the transistor collector C of optocoupler U35 and optocoupler U36 is connected to one end of resistor R35, and the other end of resistor R35 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply.

[0072] For the optocoupler element, when the positive and negative electrodes of the light-emitting diode are turned on, the emitter and collector of the transistor are also turned on, and within a certain range, the greater the conduction current between the positive and negative electrodes of the light-emitting diode, the greater the conduction current of the emitter and collector of the transistor. By connecting a set of battery detection modules to the positive access line and the negative access line of the battery respectively, the state of the switches on the positive access line and the negative access line of the battery can be detected in real time, so as to judge the situation of the battery connected to the battery pack.

[0073] In one possible implementation of the present application, the number of battery packs and the number of batteries in any battery pack can be set according to actual needs. The present application utilizes a battery detection module connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, a battery pack detection module connected to the positive and negative electrodes of any battery pack, and a switch group module corresponding to the battery pack detection module, so as to detect the switches in each positive electrode access line and negative electrode access line connected to the battery, and quickly determine the corresponding switch position that has changed through a determinant arrangement.

[0074] like Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, the electric control switch module includes a current steering switch group, a row switch group, an open column switch group and a closed column switch group. The row switch group includes a row switch connected to the control end of the self-locking relay in the battery access circuit of any battery in the same row. The open column switch group includes an open column switch connected to the control end of the battery access circuit of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group. The closed column switch group includes a closed column switch connected to the control end of the battery access circuit of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group. The current steering switch group is used to select the positive and negative poles of the current.

[0075] The current steering switch group includes: an optocoupler element U9, a resistor R9, a transistor Q9 and a relay RL41. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U9 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U9 is connected to the PA2 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U9 is connected to the base of the transistor Q9, the emitter of the transistor Q9 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q9 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and the first control end of the relay RL41, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U9, the second control end of the relay RL41 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL41 is led out through line A, and the moving contact of the relay RL41 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply through line H.

[0076] It also includes: an optocoupler element U10, a resistor R10, a transistor Q10, and a relay RL42. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U10 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U10 is connected to the PA3 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U10 is connected to the base of the transistor Q10, the emitter of the transistor Q10 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q10 is connected to one end of the resistor R10 and the first control end of the relay RL42, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U10, the second control end of the relay RL42 is led out through line H and connected to the anode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL42 is led out through line A, and the moving contact of the relay RL42 is connected to the cathode of the power supply through line D.

[0077] The row switch group includes: an optocoupler element U11, a resistor R11, a transistor Q11 and a relay RL43. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U11 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U11 is connected to the PE0 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U11 is connected to the base of the transistor Q11, the emitter of the transistor Q11 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q11 is connected to one end of the resistor R11 and the first control end of the relay RL43, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U11, the second control end of the relay RL43 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL43 is led out through line A and connected to the static contacts of the relay RL41 and the relay RL42, the static contact of the relay RL43 is connected to the switch in the battery access line of the first row of batteries through line EO, and at this time, the relay RL43 is the first control switch.

[0078] It also includes an optocoupler element U12, a resistor R12, a transistor Q12, and a relay RL44. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U12 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U12 is connected to the PE1 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U12 is connected to the base of the transistor Q12, the emitter of the transistor Q12 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the resistor R12 is connected to one end of the resistor R12 and the first control end of the relay RL44, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U12, the second control end of the relay RL44 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL44 is led out through line A and connected to the static contacts of the relay RL41 and the relay RL42, the static contact of the relay RL44 is connected to the switch in the battery access circuit of the second row of batteries through line E1, and at this time, the relay RL43 is the fourth control switch.

[0079] The switch group for opening the column includes: an optocoupler element U1, a resistor R1, a transistor Q1 and a relay RL33. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U1 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U1 is connected to the PE4 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and the first control end of the relay RL33, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U1, the second control end of the relay RL33 is led out through line H and connected to the anode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL33 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL33 is connected to the battery of the first column through line K0, and at this time, the relay RL33 is the second control switch.

[0080] It also includes: an optocoupler element U2, a resistor R2, a transistor Q2, and a relay RL34. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U2 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U2 is connected to the PE5 pin of the single-chip computer, the transistor emitter of the optocoupler element U2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the first control end of the relay RL34, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the transistor collector of the optocoupler element U2, the second control end of the relay RL34 is led out through line H and connected to the anode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL34 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL34 is connected to the battery of the first column through line K1, and at this time, the relay RL34 is the seventh control switch.

[0081] It also includes: an optocoupler element U3, a resistor R3, a transistor Q3 and a relay RL35. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U3 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U3 is connected to the PE6 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U3 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and the first control end of the relay RL35, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U3, the second control end of the relay RL35 is led out through line H and connected to the anode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL35 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL35 is connected to the battery of the second column through line K2, and at this time, the relay RL35 is the fifth control switch.

[0082] It also includes: an optocoupler element U4, a resistor R4, a transistor Q4, and a relay RL36. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U4 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U4 is connected to the PE7 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U4 is connected to the base of the transistor Q4, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q4 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the first control end of the relay RL36, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U4, the second control end of the relay RL36 is led out through line H and connected to the anode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL36 is led out through line D and connected to the cathode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL36 is connected to the battery of the second column through line K3, and at this time, the relay RL36 is the ninth control switch.

[0083] The switch group of the closed column includes: an optocoupler element U5, a resistor R5, a transistor Q5 and a relay RL37. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U5 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U5 is connected to the PE8 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U5 is connected to the base of the transistor Q5, the emitter of the transistor Q5 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and the first control end of the relay RL37, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U5, the second control end of the relay RL37 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL37 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL37 is connected to the battery of the first column through line G0, and at this time, the relay RL37 is the third control switch.

[0084] It also includes: an optocoupler element U6, a resistor R6, a transistor Q6, and a relay RL38. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U6 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U6 is connected to the PE9 pin of the single-chip computer, the transistor emitter of the optocoupler element U6 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the emitter of the transistor Q6 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and the first control end of the relay RL38, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the transistor collector of the optocoupler element U6, the second control end of the relay RL38 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL38 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL38 is connected to the battery of the first column through line G1, and at this time, the relay RL38 is the eighth control switch.

[0085] It also includes: an optocoupler element U7, a resistor R7, a transistor Q7, and a relay RL39. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U7 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U7 is connected to the PE10 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U7 is connected to the base of the transistor Q7, the emitter of the transistor Q7 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to one end of the resistor R7 and the first control end of the relay RL39, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U7, the second control end of the relay RL39 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL39 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL39 is connected to the battery of the second column through line G2, and at this time, the relay RL39 is the sixth control switch.

[0086] It also includes: an optocoupler element U8, a resistor R8, a transistor Q8, and a relay RL40. The anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U8 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode of the diode of the optocoupler element U8 is connected to the PE11 pin of the single-chip computer, the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler element U8 is connected to the base of the transistor Q8, the emitter of the transistor Q8 is led out through line D and connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q8 is connected to one end of the resistor R8 and the first control end of the relay RL40, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler element U8, the second control end of the relay RL40 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL40 is led out through line H and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the static contact of the relay RL40 is connected to the battery of the second column through line G3, and at this time, the relay RL40 is the tenth control switch.

[0087] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the AD detection module is connected to one or more positive and negative electrodes of one or more battery string groups, and the AD detection module includes: an optocoupler U39, a transistor Q15, a resistor R39, a relay RL47, a relay RL48, a resistor R47, a resistor R48 and a resistor R49, the diode anode A of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, the diode cathode K of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the PB2 pin of the microcontroller, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the base of the transistor Q15, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the collector of the transistor Q15 is connected to one end of the resistor R39, the first control end of the relay RL47 and the relay The first control end of the electrical appliance RL48 and the other end of the resistor R39 are connected to the transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U39, the second control ends of the relay RL47 and the relay RL48 are both connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL47 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the moving contact of the relay RL48 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the static contact of the relay RL47 is connected to one end of the resistor R47, the other end of the resistor R47 is connected to one end of the resistor R48 and the microcontroller PA1 pin, the other end of the resistor R48 is connected to one end of the resistor R49 and the negative electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to the static contact of the relay RL48.

[0088] It also includes: an optocoupler element U40, a transistor Q17, a resistor R40, a relay RL49, a relay RL50, a resistor R51, a resistor R52 and a resistor R53, the anode A of the diode of the optocoupler element U40 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode K of the diode of the optocoupler element U40 is connected to the PB3 pin of the microcontroller, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler element U40 is connected to the base of the transistor Q17, the emitter of the transistor Q17 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q17 is connected to one end of the resistor R40, the first control end of the relay RL49 and the first control end of the relay RL50, the resistor R40 The other end is connected to the transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U40, the second control ends of relays RL49 and relay RL50 are both connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of relay RL49 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack through line F1, the moving contact of relay RL50 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery pack through line F2, the static contact of relay RL49 is connected to one end of resistor R51, the other end of resistor R51 is connected to one end of resistor R52 and the microcontroller PA2 pin, the other end of resistor R52 is connected to one end of resistor R53 and the negative electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the other end of resistor R53 is connected to the static contact of relay RL50.

[0089] How it works

[0090] By controlling the high and low levels of the input and output pins of the single-chip microcomputer to run the hardware switch, the switches on the battery access circuit are controlled to connect each battery to the corresponding battery pack, thereby realizing a variable combination of batteries; by detecting the voltage of each battery pack connected in series through AD, it is estimated that when more than half of the battery pack power is used, when the voltage difference in each string group is large, a part of the batteries in the high-voltage battery pack are grouped and exchanged with a part of the batteries in the low-voltage battery pack, thereby realizing the power compensation and matching of the high-power group and the low-power group, avoiding over-discharge and over-charge of the battery, and improving the discharge time, battery life and energy utilization of the battery pack.

[0091] Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to realizing the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention in a purely computer-readable program code, it is entirely possible to realize the same functions in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the devices, modules, and units included therein for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; the devices, modules, and units for realizing various functions can also be regarded as both software modules for realizing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0092] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A variable battery pack, It is characterized in that include: Variable battery pack module: comprising a plurality of batteries, any of which is connected to at least two battery packs via a battery access line; Switch detection module: used to detect the state of the switch in the battery access circuit; Electric control switch module: controls the battery to be connected to or disconnected from the battery pack; AD detection module: used to detect the voltage and / or current of the battery; Control center module: including a single-chip microcomputer, the switch detection module, the electric control switch module and the circuits on the AD detection module are all connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer; the voltage of the battery is detected by the AD detection module, and the voltage difference of the battery group is estimated. When the voltage difference between the battery groups reaches a certain value, part of the batteries in the battery group with high output voltage are exchanged and grouped with part of the batteries in the battery group with low voltage to achieve relative power balancing grouping.

2. The variable battery pack according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The positive electrode of any of the batteries is connected to the positive electrodes of at least two battery packs through a battery positive electrode access line, and the negative electrode of any of the batteries is connected to the negative electrodes of at least two battery packs through a battery negative electrode access line; The variable battery pack module includes: a battery J1, a latching relay RL1, a latching relay RL3, a diode D1 and a diode D3; Battery positive electrode access circuit: the positive electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL1, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the negative electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch, and the positive electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch; Battery negative electrode access circuit: the negative electrode of the battery J1 is connected to the moving contact of the self-latching relay RL3, the static contact of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, the first control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the static contact of the first control switch, the second control end of the self-latching relay RL3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the negative electrode of the diode D3, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the static contact of the second control switch, and the positive electrode of the diode D3 is connected to the static contact of the third control switch.

3. The variable battery pack according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The switch detection module includes: Battery detection module: including a detection power supply, an optical coupling element U15 and a resistor R15, wherein the transistor collector C of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the detection power supply, the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to one end of the resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the positive or negative electrode of the battery through the line MO, the positive electrode A of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the negative electrode K of the light-emitting diode of the optical coupling element U15 is connected to the pin of the single-chip computer; The battery pack detection module includes an optocoupler U34, a resistor R34, an optocoupler U33 and a resistor R33. The anode A of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are both connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply. The cathode K of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U34 and the optocoupler U33 are respectively connected to the pins of the single-chip computer. The transistor collector C of the optocoupler U34 is connected to the anode of a series group of the battery pack through the resistor R34 and the line F0. The optocoupler U33 The transistor collector C is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack corresponding to the series group through the resistor R33 and the line F1, and the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U34 is led out through the wire JC0, and the transistor emitter E of the optical coupling element U33 is led out through the wire JC1. The wire JC0 detects the battery positive electrode connection switch, and the wire JC1 detects the battery negative electrode connection switch. The optical coupling element U33 and the optical coupling element U34 respectively detect two switches on the positive and negative electrodes of a series group; The switch group module includes an optocoupler U35, an optocoupler U36 and a resistor R35. The cathode K of the light-emitting diodes of the optocoupler U35 and the optocoupler U36 is connected to the cathode of the detection power supply. The anode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U35 is connected to the wire JC1. The anode A of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U36 is connected to the wire JC0. The transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U35 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA5. The transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U36 is connected to the microcontroller pin PA4. The transistor collectors C of the optocoupler U35 and the optocoupler U36 are both connected to one end of the resistor R35. The other end of the resistor R35 is connected to the positive electrode of the 3.3V power supply.

4. The variable battery pack according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The battery detection module is connected with a group at the positive electrode and the negative electrode of any battery respectively.

5. The variable battery pack according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The battery pack detection module and the switch group module are both arranged corresponding to the battery pack.

6. The variable battery pack according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The batteries in the variable battery pack are arranged in rows and columns.

7. The variable battery pack according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The electronically controlled switch module comprises: A row switch group: comprising a row switch connected to a control terminal of a self-locking relay in a battery access circuit of any battery in the same row; An opening column switch group: comprising an opening column switch connected to a control end of a battery access line of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group; The column switch group is closed: it includes a column switch, which is connected to the control end of the battery access line of any battery in the same column connected to the same battery group.

8. The variable battery pack according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The electric control switch module also includes a current steering switch group for selecting the positive and negative poles of the current.

9. The variable battery pack according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The AD detection module is connected to one or more positive and negative electrodes of one or more battery strings.

10. The variable battery pack according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The AD detection module includes: an optocoupler U39, a transistor Q15, a resistor R39, a relay RL47, a relay RL48, a resistor R47, a resistor R48 and a resistor R49, wherein the anode A of the diode of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the anode of the 3.3V power supply, the cathode K of the diode of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the PB2 pin of the microcontroller, the transistor emitter E of the optocoupler U39 is connected to the base of the transistor Q15, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the cathode of the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q15 is connected to one end of the resistor R39, the first control end of the relay RL47 and the first control end of the relay RL48, and the resistor R The other end of 39 is connected to the transistor collector C of the optocoupler element U39, the second control ends of the relay RL47 and the relay RL48 are both connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the moving contact of the relay RL47 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack through the line F0, the moving contact of the relay RL48 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack through the line F1, the static contact of the relay RL47 is connected to one end of the resistor R47, the other end of the resistor R47 is connected to one end of the resistor R48 and the microcontroller PA1 pin, the other end of the resistor R48 is connected to one end of the resistor R49 and the negative electrode of the 3.3V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to the static contact of the relay RL48.

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