A vehicle-mounted in-vessel residual heat removal system and a residual heat removal method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an in-vessel residual heat removal system for a vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor and a residual heat removal control method. An in-vessel residual heat removal system for a vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor includes heat pipes arranged in the reactor, and a heat exchanger and a residual heat removal device arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipes. The residual heat removal device includes natural convection ventilation, direct spraying from a high-level water tank, and spraying from a water pump extracting water from a bottom water tank. The natural convection ventilation, direct spraying from the high-level water tank, and spraying from the water pump extracting water from the bottom water tank are arranged in a movable vibration-proof carriage, forming an intelligent compact cooling method combining active and passive means with three-level in-depth defense. The residual heat system of the present invention has the advantages of small volume, compact structure, convenient movement, intelligent operation, high heat transfer efficiency, etc., and is suitable for remote areas, extremely cold regions, hospitals, military industries, etc., making the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor or other mobile power devices have higher safety and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to an in-vehicle heat pipe reactor internal residual heat removal system in the energy field including nuclear energy and the mechanical equipment field, and particularly relates to an in-vehicle heat pipe reactor or a mobile energy system adopted. Background Art

[0002] In 1942, Gaugler first proposed the concept of a heat pipe, and in 1963, it was invented by Grover of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in the United States. It mainly transfers heat without external power through the phase change of the working fluid inside the pipe, utilizing the high latent heat of vaporization and condensation and the capillary pumping phenomenon. After decades of development, the heat pipe concept has been applied to various fields, including applying heat pipe technology to the conceptual design of new reactors or using heat pipe technology to improve the reliability of existing safety systems.

[0003] Currently, most heat pipe reactors remain in the theoretical research and conceptual design stage. Due to the radioactivity of nuclear fuel, safety is the primary prerequisite. Therefore, the accident mitigation ability of heat pipe reactors still needs further research and verification. Considering the nuclear accidents at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in the United States in 1979, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986, and the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, due to factors such as human error and equipment failure, more serious nuclear accidents causing casualties and large-scale environmental pollution occurred, which greatly increased the requirements for the safety of nuclear power plants. Countries around the world attach great importance to improving the inherent safety of reactors. One of the important measures is to utilize the residual heat removal system, that is, the system for discharging the residual heat of the reactor core during cold shutdown. Dai Chunhui et al. invented a residual heat removal system for a deep-sea nuclear power heat pipe reactor, which simplifies the system structure, reduces the system volume, saves valuable cabin space, and can be applied to underwater vehicles with extremely narrow internal spaces. Yan Chaoxing et al. invented a passive residual heat removal system for a heat pipe reactor mainly relying on seawater outside the ship's cabin. The heat pipes are directly arranged in the heat exchanger and the residual heat removal system, with a compact structure and high heat transfer efficiency. Gao Sheng et al. invented a passive residual heat removal system based on heat pipe heat transfer. Compared with the traditional passive residual heat removal system, it adopts phase change heat transfer and can be automatically put into operation according to system requirements. However, at present, the research on the residual heat removal system in heat pipe reactors mostly focuses on the deep-sea submersible field, with insufficient safety design concepts combining active and passive methods. At the same time, no safety design for on-land heat pipe reactors has been found.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-core residual heat removal system that combines land characteristics and integrates active and passive concepts. This system uses heat pipe technology to extract the core heat. Compared with the residual heat removal system of traditional light water reactors, its layout structure is compact and its volume is small. At the same time, the heat pipe has high inherent safety, is convenient for modularization, and is convenient for vehicle transportation. The heat transfer of the heat pipe uses phase change heat transfer, and the thermal efficiency is relatively high. Based on the above-mentioned multiple advantages, this system is suitable for remote areas, extremely cold regions, hospitals, military industries, etc., making the mobile power device have higher safety and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-core residual heat removal system. When the heat pipe reactor shuts down or cannot operate normally, combining the working characteristics of mobile vehicle-mounted and heat pipes, adopting a three-level defense-in-depth concept, it is an intelligent compact cooling technology that combines active and passive, compactly arranged in a movable anti-vibration carriage, and does not require manual intervention throughout the process.

[0006] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:

[0007] A vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-core residual heat removal system, characterized in that it includes heat pipes arranged in the reactor, a heat exchanger and a residual heat removal device arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipe. The residual heat removal device is located above the heat exchanger. The entire residual heat removal system has only one loop, with a compact structure layout, and only relies on heat pipe components with very small gaps to extract the core heat to the residual heat removal device. The residual heat removal device includes natural convection ventilation, direct spraying of a high-level water tank, and spraying by a water pump extracting water from the bottom water tank. Natural convection ventilation and direct spraying of the high-level water tank are used as the first-level and second-level passive cooling respectively. The water pump is controlled by an intelligent sensor combined with a neural network algorithm, and the spraying by extracting water from the bottom water tank is used as the third-level active cooling. Natural convection ventilation, direct spraying of the high-level water tank, and spraying by the water pump extracting water from the bottom water tank are arranged in a movable anti-vibration carriage to form an intelligent compact cooling method that combines active and passive with three-level defense-in-depth.

[0008] The natural convection ventilation includes a box body, a natural convection ventilation opening arranged on the box body, and a ventilation opening sealing cover arranged on the natural convection ventilation opening; the box body is arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipe.

[0009] The direct spraying of the high-level water tank includes a high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank, a solenoid valve and a sprinkler; the sprinkler is connected to the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank through the solenoid valve; the sprinkler is arranged in the box body and is used to spray the cooling water in the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank onto the heat pipes in the box body.

[0010] The water pump extracts the spray from the bottom water tank, which includes a bottom water tank, a high-pressure water pump, an intelligent sensor, and a temperature sensor. The bottom water tank is connected to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank through the high-pressure water pump, and is used to transport the water in the bottom water tank into the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank. The intelligent sensor is arranged in the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank to monitor the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank. When the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank is lower than the set value, cooling water is pumped from the bottom water tank to the ice, rain, and snow collection water tank through the high-pressure water pump.

[0011] The anti-seismic heat pipeline is arranged in the heat exchanger and is used to input the heat in the heat exchanger into the power system. The box body of the waste heat discharge device and the bottom of the high-level water tank are provided with a cooling water collection channel communicated with the bottom water tank to realize the recirculation of the cooling water.

[0012] The box body of the waste heat discharge system is an ellipsoidal cylinder, and the two ends with smaller curvature radii are respectively installed as the top and the bottom. The resistance in the box body is small, and the natural convection heat transfer efficiency is high. The box body is made of materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel alloy with high heat dissipation rate, or copper-aluminum combination technology, non-metal combination technology such as nano-silicon particles, etc.

[0013] After the heat exchanger stops working or cannot work properly, the residual heat of the reactor core cannot be discharged in time, and the temperature rises. The temperature sensor controls the opening of the natural convection ventilation port. After the sensor monitors that the temperature cannot be effectively reduced, the ventilation port is closed. Then the spray system is started. After the intelligent sensor monitors that the liquid level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank cannot supply all the sprayers to work, the high-pressure water pump is automatically controlled to extract the coolant from the bottom water tank to continue spraying. The whole process does not require manual intervention, or artificial intelligence is used for opening and closing control.

[0014] Considering the vibration damage during the movement process, the whole system is installed in the carriage by magnetic levitation, and only the heat output of the heat exchanger is connected to the anti-seismic heat pipeline.

[0015] The high-level water tank of the waste heat discharge system is circular when viewed from above, and the intelligent sensor and the spray heads are also arranged in a circular shape to minimize the spray inefficiency caused by the oscillation of the water level inside the water tank due to movement.

[0016] Considering the moving characteristics of the vehicle-mounted reactor, when moving on a slope or uneven road surface, there may be oscillations in the high-level water tank, which cannot meet the coolant supply of all the spray heads. Therefore, an intelligent sensor is set at the bottom of the high-level water tank to mainly monitor and diagnose whether there is a failure of the spray heads through the liquid level, and timely control the opening and closing of the water pump to supplement the coolant at the top to ensure the normal spraying of all the spray systems.

[0017] In addition to analyzing whether the liquid level is lower than the position where the intelligent sensor is located, the processing unit of the intelligent sensor, based on the neural network algorithm and combined with the route of satellite navigation, takes the changes in the liquid level of the high-level water tank monitored and the opening and closing of the high-pressure water pump by the control unit as the input and output respectively in different driving routes during the analysis process. Through repeated calculations and corrections of the connection weights, after the error reaches the preset accuracy, the neural network algorithm learning for different routes is completed and stored in the intelligent sensor respectively. When encountering similar road conditions or the same navigation route in the future, a control signal is given to control the opening and closing of the high-pressure water pump faster and discharge the residual heat of the reactor core in time.

[0018] Multiple openable ventilation openings are provided on the two bottom surfaces of the elliptical cylindrical box body of the residual heat removal system, which is convenient for natural convection heat dissipation and belongs to a passive safety system.

[0019] The heat pipes are arranged in the box body at heights in an arithmetic progression, with the shortest heat pipes at the natural convection inlet and the longest heat pipes at the outlet, making full use of natural convection heat transfer and being more conducive to the timely and efficient discharge of the residual heat of the reactor core.

[0020] A sprinkler is provided at the top of the box body of the residual heat removal system. Cooling water is continuously sprayed at a high speed, and chemical drugs (NaOH) added to the sprayed water are used to remove the gaseous fission products in the air in the box body, and the pH value of the sprayed water is controlled between 8.5 and 10.5, thereby reducing the possible leakage amount of gaseous fission products (mainly elemental iodine) to the environment, which is safe and reliable.

[0021] The spray cooling water is provided in two stages, namely the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank and the bottom water tank respectively.

[0022] The high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank has two functions, namely: collecting ice, rain and snow in nature usually, and the ice and snow can be melted by relying on the reactor temperature and is equipped with a filter; storing a certain amount of cooling water.

[0023] The design of the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank refers to the high-level water tank of a pressurized water reactor. Its bottom is connected to a temperature-controlled solenoid valve and a spray head. After the solenoid valve is opened, cooling water can be directly sprayed by relying on the height difference and the gravity and pressure storage potential of the high-level water tank, which belongs to a passive safety system.

[0024] When the liquid level oscillation in the high-level water tank cannot meet the coolant supply for all spray heads, the bottom water tank can be pumped to the top high-level water tank through a water pump, which belongs to an active safety system.

[0025] The cooling water that has not been converted into steam during the spraying process can flow into the bottom water tank through the bottom channel of the residual heat removal system and then be pumped through the water pump for spraying to realize the recirculation of the bottom water tank.

[0026] The opening and closing of the natural convection ventilation openings of the residual heat removal system, the opening of the spray system, and the opening of the water pump can all be automatically controlled by sensors.

[0027] After shutdown, the high-pressure water pump uses the residual heat of the reactor core for power generation, and does not require external power during the whole process, with high energy utilization rate and economy.

[0028] Except for the temperature control valve, passive startup such as pressure valves or artificial intelligence can be used for opening and closing control, and no manual intervention is required during the whole process. However, a manual opening valve is still set to enable manual intervention in special cases.

[0029] First, passive cooling is adopted, including natural convection and spraying. When the cooling effect is not significant, active safety is used for cooling to mitigate the accident.

[0030] The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor of the present invention, after shutdown, without relying on external power supply and personnel intervention, or by combining passive and active methods, relies on upper and lower water tanks or devices such as water pumps using residual heat to achieve natural convection ventilation and water-cooled heat dissipation, so as to smoothly discharge the multi-stage core residual heat of the heat pipe residual heat removal system, maintain the normal temperature and pressure range in the reactor, and ensure the integrity of the reactor core. This residual heat system has the advantages of small volume, compact structure, convenient movement, intelligent operation and high heat transfer efficiency, and is suitable for remote areas, extremely cold areas, hospitals, military industries, etc., making the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor or other mobile power devices have higher safety and reliability. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 Vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor in-vessel residual heat removal system;

[0032] Figure 2 Side view of the residual heat removal system container;

[0033] Figure 3 Top view of the high-position ice, rain and snow collection water tank,

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of heat pipe operation; (a) Heat pipe working state when the residual heat removal system does not participate in operation and heat transfer (b) Heat pipe working state when the residual heat removal system participates in operation and heat transfer;

[0035] In the figure: 1. Reactor; 2. Heat pipe; 3. Heat exchanger; 4. Vent seal cover; 5. Natural convection vent; 6. Residual heat removal device; 7. High-position ice, rain and snow collection water tank; 8. Temperature control solenoid valve; 9. Sprayer; 10. High-pressure water pump; 11. Bottom water tank; 12. Anti-seismic heat pipe; 13. Intelligent sensor; 14. Temperature sensor; 15. Evaporation section; 16. Liquid absorbent core; 17. Adiabatic section; 18. Gas working medium; 19. Liquid working medium; 20. Lower condensation section; 21. Upper condensation section. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] This embodiment provides an in-vessel residual heat removal system for a vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor, the structure of which is as Figure 1 shown, and includes: a reactor 1, a heat pipe 2, a heat exchanger 3, and a residual heat removal device 6. The heat pipe 2 includes an evaporation section 15, a wick 16, an adiabatic section 17, and a condensation section, where the condensation section includes a lower condensation section 20 and an upper condensation section 21. The evaporation section 15 of the heat pipe 2 is located inside the reactor 1; the lower condensation section 20 of the heat pipe 2 is located inside the heat exchanger 3, and the upper condensation section 21 of the heat pipe 2 is located inside the residual heat removal device 6.

[0038] The residual heat removal device 6 includes a box body, a natural convection ventilation part, and a spraying part provided on the box body.

[0039] The natural convection ventilation part includes a natural convection ventilation opening 5 and a ventilation opening sealing cover 4 provided at the natural convection ventilation opening.

[0040] The spraying part includes a sprinkler 9, a solenoid valve 8, a high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7, a high-pressure water pump 10, a bottom water tank 11, an earthquake-resistant heat pipeline 12, and an intelligent sensor 13; the sprinkler 9 is connected to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7 through the solenoid valve 8 for spraying the cooling water in the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7 onto the heat pipe 2 inside the residual heat removal device 6; the bottom water tank 11 is connected to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7 through the high-pressure water pump 10 for transporting the cooling water in the bottom water tank 11 to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7; the earthquake-resistant heat pipeline 12 is provided inside the heat exchanger 3 for inputting the heat inside the heat exchanger 3 into the power system; the intelligent sensor 13 is provided in the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7 for monitoring the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank. When the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank is lower than the set value, cooling water is pumped from the bottom water tank 11 to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank 7 through the high-pressure water pump 10.

[0041] For the structure of the earthquake-resistant heat pipeline 12, reference can be made to CN207195864U.

[0042] A cooling water collection channel communicating with the bottom water tank 11 is provided at the bottom of the box body of the residual heat removal device 6 to realize the recirculation of the cooling water.

[0043] The operation process of the residual heat removal system of the present invention is as follows: When the reactor 1 is operating, the heat of the reactor core is taken away by the heat pipe 2 to the heat exchanger 3, and energy conversion is carried out inside the heat exchanger 3 or input into the power system through the earthquake-resistant heat pipeline 12. When the reactor is shut down or cannot operate normally, it is monitored by the temperature sensor 14, and the residual heat of the reactor core is controlled to be discharged through the residual heat removal device 6.

[0044] Based on the above overall operation process, when the system is working, as Figure 1As shown, there are three levels of in-depth defense cooling in total. The first two levels are passive cooling, and the third level is active cooling. The first-level cooling is as follows: First, the temperature sensor 14 controls the opening of the seal cover 4 of the natural convection vent of the residual heat removal system. Relying on the characteristics of the mobile reactor, the residual heat of the reactor core is taken away from the natural convection vent 5 of the residual heat removal system. The second-level cooling is as follows: When natural convection is not sufficient to take away the residual heat of the reactor core, the temperature of the reactor core rises, the natural convection vent 5 of the residual heat removal system closes, and the temperature control solenoid valve 8 automatically controls the opening of the sprinkler 9. The high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank 7 sprays cooling water downward using gravity and pressure potential. The third-level cooling is as follows: The intelligent sensor 13 combines methods such as neural network algorithms for intelligent monitoring or makes predictions based on the moving road conditions. When it is found that the water volume in the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank 7 is insufficient or some sprinkler heads fail due to liquid level oscillation, the high-pressure water pump 10 is turned on, and the cooling water in the bottom water tank 11 is pumped into the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank 7 to continue cooling the reactor core through the sprinkler 9. The coolant that is not completely evaporated during the spraying process can re-enter the bottom water tank 11 and enter the spraying cycle again. When the intelligent sensor monitors that the system is moving smoothly or the water volume in the water tank meets the spraying requirements, the water pump is controlled to close, and the second-level cooling continues. Therefore, during the whole process, passive cooling is given priority, that is, the first and second levels of cooling, and then the third-level passive cooling is carried out. Or the second-level cooling and the third-level cooling can be carried out alternately.

[0045] The side view of the residual heat removal system container is as Figure 2 shown. Figure 2 In, the seal covers 4 of the natural convection vents of the residual heat removal system on both sides of the elliptical cylinder-shaped residual heat removal device 6 are opened, so that the residual heat of the reactor core in the moving state is discharged through the natural convection vent 5 of the residual heat removal system.

[0046] The top view of the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank is as Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 In, the intelligent sensor 13 and the sprinkler 9 are arranged in a concentric circle form inside the high-level ice, rain and snow collection water tank 7. When the intelligent sensor monitors or predicts that there is a failure of the sprinkler head during the second-level cooling process, the water pump is controlled to be turned on in time to carry out the third-level cooling. When it is monitored that the system is moving smoothly or the water volume in the water tank meets the spraying requirements, the water pump is controlled to close, and the second-level cooling continues.

[0047] The working schematic diagram of the heat pipe is as Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 In, the two figures (a) and (b) respectively show the internal working states of the in-core heat pipes during normal operation and accidents. Next, the working states of the heat pipes in the two figures will be described in detail.

[0048] (a) The figure shows the working state of the heat pipe when the residual heat removal system does not participate in the operation for heat exchange. Heat is transferred to the lower condensation section 20 inside the heat exchanger through the evaporation section 15. The liquid inside the wick is heated and evaporated to take away heat, which is the latent heat of vaporization of the working liquid. The gaseous working medium 18 flows from the adiabatic section 17 to the lower condensation section 20 of the heat pipe inside the heat exchanger, condenses into the liquid working medium 19, and at the same time releases the latent heat to the heat exchanger for normal core operation. Under the capillary force of the wick 16, the liquid flows back to the evaporation section.

[0049] (b) The figure shows the working state of the heat pipe when the residual heat removal system participates in the operation for heat exchange. When the core shuts down or cannot work properly, the working medium in the evaporation section 15 starts to boil and evaporate. Since the heat exchanger does not work at this time, the steam continues to move forward and enters the upper condensation section 21 of the heat pipe in the residual heat removal system, and the heat is discharged through the residual heat removal system to achieve long-term cooling.

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for removing in-core residual heat of a vehicle-mounted heat pipe, adopting a cooling method combining passive and active cooling. The passive cooling includes natural convection ventilation and direct spraying from a high-level water tank; the active cooling is that a water pump pumps and sprays the coolant from the bottom water tank. First, the passive cooling method is adopted. When the cooling effect of the passive cooling does not meet the cooling requirements, the active cooling is adopted.

[0051] After the heat exchanger stops operating or cannot work properly, the residual heat of the core cannot be discharged in time. The temperature sensor arranged at the top of the core monitors that the temperature inside the core rises, thereby controlling the opening of the natural convection ventilation port. After the sensor monitors that the temperature cannot be effectively reduced, the ventilation port is closed and the sprinkler is opened. When the intelligent sensor monitors that the liquid level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank is lower than the position where the intelligent sensor is located and partial sprinkler heads are about to fail, the high-pressure water pump is automatically controlled to pump and spray the coolant from the bottom water tank.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system, characterized in that: it includes heat pipes arranged in the reactor, a heat exchanger and a residual heat removal device arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipes. The residual heat removal device is located above the heat exchanger. The condensation section of the heat pipes includes a lower condensation section and an upper condensation section. The heat exchanger is located in the lower condensation section, and the residual heat removal device is located in the upper condensation section. The entire residual heat removal system has only one loop, with a compact structural layout, and only relies on heat pipe assemblies with very small gaps to transfer the core heat to the residual heat removal device. The residual heat removal device includes natural convection ventilation, direct spraying from a high-level water tank, and spraying from a bottom water tank by a water pump. Natural convection ventilation and direct spraying from the high-level water tank are respectively used as the first-level and second-level passive cooling. The water pump is controlled by an intelligent sensor combined with a neural network algorithm, and the spraying from the bottom water tank is used as the third-level active cooling. Natural convection ventilation, direct spraying from the high-level water tank, and spraying from the bottom water tank by the water pump are arranged in a movable anti-vibration carriage, forming an intelligent compact cooling method that combines active and passive cooling with three-level in-depth defense; The direct spraying from the high-level water tank includes a high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank, a solenoid valve, and a sprinkler; the sprinkler is connected to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank through the solenoid valve; the sprinkler is used to spray the cooling water in the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank onto the heat pipes; The spraying from the bottom water tank by the water pump includes a bottom water tank, a high-pressure water pump, an intelligent sensor, and a temperature sensor; the bottom water tank is connected to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank through the high-pressure water pump, and is used to transport the water in the bottom water tank to the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank; the intelligent sensor is arranged in the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank to monitor the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank. When the water level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank is lower than the set value, cooling water is pumped from the bottom water tank to the ice, rain, and snow collection water tank through the high-pressure water pump.

2. The vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the natural convection ventilation includes a box body, a natural convection ventilation opening arranged on the box body, and a ventilation opening sealing cover arranged at the natural convection ventilation opening; the box body is arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipes.

3. The vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that, a cooling water collection channel communicating with the bottom water tank is arranged at the bottom of the box body and the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank to realize the recirculation of the cooling water.

4. The vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, an anti-seismic thermal pipeline is arranged in the heat exchanger for inputting the heat in the heat exchanger into the power system.

5. The vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, the heat pipes are arranged in the box body in an arithmetic progression, with the shortest heat pipe at the natural convection inlet and the longest heat pipe at the natural convection outlet.

6. The vehicle-mounted heat pipe in-vessel residual heat removal system according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, the box body of the residual heat removal device is an elliptical cylinder, and the two ends with smaller curvature radii are respectively installed as the top and the bottom.

7. The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, the in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor is integrally arranged in the carriage by means of magnetic levitation, and only the heat output of the heat exchanger is connected to the highly damped heat transfer pipeline.

8. The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the high-position ice, rain and snow collection water tank is circular when viewed from above, and the intelligent sensors and sprinkler heads are also arranged in a circular pattern; in addition to storing cooling water, the high-position water tank is also used to collect ice, rain and snow in nature usually, and the ice and snow can be melted by relying on the reactor temperature. A filter is also arranged in the high-position ice, rain and snow collection water tank.

9. The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the intelligent sensor includes a data acquisition unit, a processing unit and a control unit; the acquisition unit is a liquid level sensor for obtaining the liquid level; the processing unit is used to analyze whether the liquid level is lower than the position where the sensor is located. If it is lower, a signal is given to the control unit to turn on the high-pressure water pump, otherwise the high-pressure water pump is turned off; the control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the high-pressure water pump according to the processing result of the processing unit, supplement the coolant in the high-position water tank, and ensure that all sprinkler systems spray normally.

10. The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, in addition to analyzing whether the liquid level is lower than the position where the sensor is located, the processing unit also, based on the neural network algorithm, combines the route of satellite navigation. In different driving routes, the two behaviors of monitoring the liquid level change of the high-position water tank and the control unit opening and closing the high-pressure water pump are respectively used as the input and output in the analysis process. By repeatedly calculating and correcting the connection weights, after the error reaches the preset accuracy, the neural network algorithm learning of different routes is completed and stored in the intelligent sensor respectively. When encountering similar road conditions or the same navigation route in the future, a control signal is given to control the opening and closing of the high-pressure water pump faster; among them, the road condition information obtained by satellite navigation mainly includes urban roads, highways, factory and mine roads, forest roads and rural roads.

11. The in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, NaOH for removing gaseous fission products in the air in the box is added to the cooling water sprayed by the sprinkler, and the pH value of the sprayed water is controlled between 8.5 and 10.

5.

12. A method for removing residual heat of the in-vessel residual heat removal system of the vehicle-mounted heat pipe reactor according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that: a cooling method combining passive and active cooling is adopted, wherein the passive cooling includes natural convection ventilation and direct spraying of the high-position water tank; the active cooling is that the water pump pumps the water from the bottom water tank for spraying; first, the passive cooling method is adopted, and when the cooling effect of the passive cooling does not meet the cooling requirements, the active cooling is adopted.

13. The method for removing residual heat according to claim 12, characterized in that, After the heat exchanger stops operating or malfunctions, the residual heat in the reactor core cannot be discharged in time. The temperature sensors arranged at the top of the reactor core monitor the increase in temperature inside the reactor core, thereby controlling the opening of the natural convection ventilation openings. After the sensors monitor that the temperature cannot be effectively reduced, the ventilation openings are closed and the spray system is activated. When the intelligent sensors monitor that the liquid level of the high-level ice, rain, and snow collection water tank is lower than the position where the intelligent sensors are located and partial spray head failure is about to occur, the high-pressure water pump is automatically controlled to extract the coolant from the bottom water tank for spraying.

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