A compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage and a preparation method thereof. The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 450-500 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 110-120 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 450-500 parts of potassium fertilizer, 60-70 parts of calcium element, 5-10 parts of magnesium element, 20-30 parts of boron element, 5-10 parts of zinc element, 1-5 parts of iron element, 1-3 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and 0.1-0.5 part of synergistic auxiliary agent. The fertilizer of the present invention can maintain the roots, provide balanced nutrition, apply calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, supplement trace fertilizers, improve the growth of plants, and reduce the occurrence of deformed cucumbers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and particularly relates to a compound fertilizer for improving the commodity rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the main vegetables in China, rich in microorganisms, mineral salts, organic acids and a small amount of protein, with rich nutrition and deeply loved by people. Cucumbers have a long cultivation history in China, with a large planting area at home and abroad, and play a crucial role in the global vegetable supply.

[0003] The growth cycle of cucumbers can be roughly divided into four periods: germination period, seedling period, flowering and fruiting period, and fruiting period. The fruiting period includes the initial, peak and later stages of fruiting. In different growth stages, cucumbers have very different requirements for various nutrients and trace elements of fertilizers. Especially in the later stage of cucumber harvesting, due to insufficient nutrient supply, a large number of bent cucumbers, uneven fruit sizes and bad fruits caused by trace element deficiencies will occur, resulting in a decrease in cucumber yield and quality, a significant decline in the commodity rate of cucumbers, and a great impact on the economic benefits of cucumbers, and its disease resistance is also reduced.

[0004] In order to ensure the nutrient requirements of cucumbers, the method of foliar fertilization is often used in production to supplement the requirements for elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and boron. This method is commonly known as extra-root topdressing. Using this method, the yield increase effect is significant, generally with a yield increase of more than 10%. Spraying the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can make cucumber leaves dark green, the plants grow strong, extend the cucumber harvesting period, and at the same time increase the disease resistance of cucumbers, playing a role in increasing production and income. Spraying trace elements can quickly relieve various symptoms caused by the lack of trace elements in cucumbers. However, foliar fertilization does not fundamentally solve the problem of the reduced nutrient absorption rate due to root aging in the later stage of cucumbers, and problems such as bent cucumbers, bad fruits and uneven fruit sizes will still occur, and the commodity rate of cucumbers has not been improved; moreover, it is very difficult to apply water-soluble fertilizers in places where the water-fertilizer integration facilities are relatively backward. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the commodity rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem of low commodity rate of cucumbers in the prior art.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the commodity rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0007] 450 - 500 parts of nitrogen fertilizer

[0008] 110 - 120 parts of phosphate fertilizer

[0009] 450 - 500 parts of potassium fertilizer

[0010] 60 - 70 parts of calcium fertilizer

[0011] 5 - 10 parts of magnesium fertilizer

[0012] 20 - 30 parts of boron fertilizer

[0013] 5 - 10 parts of zinc fertilizer

[0014] 1 - 5 parts of iron fertilizer

[0015] 1 - 3 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide

[0016] 0.1 - 0.5 part of synergistic auxiliary agent.

[0017] Further, the nitrogen fertilizer includes ammonium nitrate phosphorus, the phosphorus fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

[0018] Further, the calcium fertilizer includes calcium powder, the magnesium fertilizer includes magnesium oxide, the boron fertilizer includes boric acid, the zinc fertilizer includes EDTA-Zn, and the iron fertilizer includes EDTA-Fe.

[0019] Further, the synergistic auxiliary agent is γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention provides a preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Mix and stir the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to obtain mixture 1;

[0022] S2: Mix and stir the calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fucoidan oligosaccharide, and synergistic auxiliary agent to obtain mixture 2;

[0023] S3: Mix and stir mixture 1 and mixture 2 to obtain a compound fertilizer mixture;

[0024] S4: Perform rotary granulation and screening on the compound fertilizer mixture to obtain granular compound fertilizer.

[0025] Further, in step S1, the stirring speed is 120 - 180 revolutions per minute, the temperature is 115°C - 120°C, and the stirring time is 5 - 10 minutes.

[0026] Further, in step S2, the stirring temperature is 50 - 70°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 15 minutes.

[0027] Further, in step S3, the stirring temperature is 100 - 105°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes.

[0028] Similarly, the stirring speed in steps S2 and S3 is the same as that in step S1.

[0029] Further, in step S4, the diameter of the granular compound fertilizer is 2-4 mm.

[0030] Further, in step S4, the compound fertilizer particles with a diameter less than 2 mm and a diameter greater than 4 mm are added to the mixture in step S1.

[0031] The technical principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0032] The inventor found that using the existing special fertilizer for cucumbers has a good effect on the growth of cucumbers in the early and middle stages. However, in the later stage of cucumbers, the cucumbers are prone to poor growth, resulting in a decrease in the commercial rate of cucumbers. This may be due to the continuous aging of the roots in the later stage of cucumber growth, the reduced ability to absorb nutrients, the lengthened distance of nutrient transportation, resulting in a large number of bent cucumbers, uneven fruit sizes, and defective fruits caused by nutrient deficiency symptoms. At the same time, due to the large consumption of nutrients in the fruits, it further exacerbates the premature senescence of the leaves and roots, thus restricting the formation of cucumber yield and quality. Through repeated experiments and screening of various fertilizers, including components such as oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and amino acids, the inventor found that adding fucoidan oligosaccharides and γ-aminobutyric acid to the fertilizer has a good synergistic effect, which has a good promoting effect on the growth of cucumbers in the later stage, significantly reducing problems such as bent cucumbers, defective fruits, and uneven fruit sizes, and also has a good promoting effect on the root development of cucumbers, solving the growth problems of cucumbers from the root system.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The fertilizer of the present invention can maintain the roots, provide balanced nutrition, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, supplement trace element fertilizers, improve the growth of plants, and reduce the occurrence of deformed cucumbers.

[0035] (2) The fucoidan oligosaccharides and γ-aminobutyric acid in the present invention have a synergistic effect, stimulating the metabolism of endogenous hormones in cucumbers and the vitality of roots, thereby promoting the absorption of fertilizers by cucumber plants.

[0036] (3) Aiming at the nutrient requirement characteristics of cucumbers in the later stage, the present invention can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the nutrients of cucumbers are insufficient in the later stage and delay the senescence process of cucumber plants.

[0037] (4) The trace elements used in the present invention can effectively reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of reduced fruit quality in the later stage of cucumbers. Specific embodiments

[0038] The technical solutions in the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0039] Example 1 Preparation of compound fertilizer

[0040] 1. Compound fertilizer formula

[0041] 450 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 120 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 450 g of potassium sulfate, 60 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 30 g of boric acid, 50 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 3 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.5 g of synergistic adjuvant γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0042] 2. Preparation of compound fertilizer

[0043] 1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion. Add 450 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 120 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 450 g of potassium sulfate into the high tower reactor A, heat and stir to mix evenly. The stirring speed is 150 revolutions per minute, the temperature is 115°C - 120°C, and the stirring time is 7 minutes;

[0044] 2) Add 60 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 30 g of boric acid, 50 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 3 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 g of γ-aminobutyric acid into the reactor B according to the mass parts, stir and mix evenly. The stirring temperature is 50 - 70°C, and the stirring time is 10 minutes;

[0045] 3) Let the material in the reactor A flow into the reactor B, stir and heat. The stirring speed is 250 revolutions per minute, the stirring temperature is 100 - 105°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes to form a compound fertilizer emulsion;

[0046] 4) Feed the emulsion slurry into a differential double-speed rotary granulator, spray it down from the top of the tower, then screen and remove the fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm. Add the fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm of the fertilizer into the reactor A, and stir evenly with the ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate to obtain uniform granular fertilizer with a diameter of 2 - 4 mm.

[0047] Example 2 Preparation of compound fertilizer

[0048] 1. Compound fertilizer formula

[0049] 480 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 115 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 480 g of potassium sulfate, 65 g of calcium powder, 8 g of magnesium oxide, 25 g of boric acid, 48 g of EDTA-Zn, 4 g of EDTA-Fe, 2 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.2 g of synergistic adjuvant γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0050] 2. Preparation of compound fertilizer

[0051] 1) Weigh each raw material according to the proportion. Add 480 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 115 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 480 g of potassium sulfate into the high tower reactor A, heat and stir to mix evenly. The stirring speed is 120 revolutions per minute, the temperature is 115°C - 120°C, and the stirring time is 10 minutes;

[0052] 2) Add 65 g of calcium powder, 8 g of magnesium oxide, 25 g of boric acid, 48 g of EDTA-Zn, 4 g of EDTA-Fe, 2 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and 0.2 g of γ-aminobutyric acid into reactor B, stir and mix evenly, with the stirring temperature at 50 - 70 °C and the stirring time for 15 minutes;

[0053] 3) Flow the materials in reactor A into reactor B, stir and heat, with the stirring speed at 250 revolutions per minute, the stirring temperature at 100 - 105 °C, and the stirring time for 10 - 20 minutes to form a compound fertilizer emulsion;

[0054] 4) Feed the emulsion slurry into a differential double-speed rotary granulator, spray it down from the top of the tower, then screen and remove the fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm. Add the separated fine powder below 2 mm and large particles above 4 mm of fertilizer into reactor A, stir evenly with ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate to obtain uniform granular fertilizer with a diameter of 2 - 4 mm. After cooling and temperature reduction, and coating to prevent caking treatment, it is sent to the packaging system for packaging.

[0055] Example 3 Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0056] 1. Compound Fertilizer Formula

[0057] 500 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 120 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 g of potassium sulfate, 70 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 25 g of boric acid, 45 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 3 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.5 g of synergistic auxiliary agent γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0058] 2. Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0059] 1) Weigh each raw material proportionally and add 500 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 120 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 500 g of potassium sulfate into the high tower reactor A, heat and stir to mix evenly, with the stirring speed at 180 revolutions per minute, the temperature at 115 °C - 120 °C, and the stirring time for 5 minutes;

[0060] 2) Add 70 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 25 g of boric acid, 45 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 3 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 g of γ-aminobutyric acid into reactor B according to the mass parts, stir and mix evenly, with the stirring temperature at 50 - 70 °C and the stirring time for 15 minutes;

[0061] 3) Flow the materials in reactor A into reactor B, stir and heat, with the stirring speed at 250 revolutions per minute, the stirring temperature at 100 - 105 °C, and the stirring time for 10 - 20 minutes to form a compound fertilizer emulsion;

[0062] 4) Feed the emulsion slurry into a differential two-speed rotary granulator, spray it down from the top of the tower, then screen and remove the fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm. Add the screened fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm of fertilizer into reactor A, and stir evenly with ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain uniform granular fertilizer with a diameter of 2 - 4 mm.

[0063] Example 4 Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0064] 1. Compound Fertilizer Formula

[0065] 500 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 110 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 450 g of potassium sulfate, 70 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 20 g of boric acid, 50 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 2 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.5 g of synergistic additive γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0066] 2. Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0067] 1) Weigh each raw material proportionally and add 500 g of ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, 110 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 450 g of potassium sulfate into high tower reactor A, heat and stir to mix evenly. The stirring speed is 150 revolutions per minute, the temperature is 115°C - 120°C, and the stirring time is 5 minutes;

[0068] 2) Add 70 g of calcium powder, 10 g of magnesium oxide, 20 g of boric acid, 50 g of EDTA-Zn, 5 g of EDTA-Fe, 2 g of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 g of γ-aminobutyric acid into reactor B according to mass parts, stir and mix evenly. The stirring temperature is 50 - 70°C, and the stirring time is 10 minutes;

[0069] 3) Flow the materials in reactor A into reactor B, stir and heat. The stirring speed is 250 revolutions per minute, the stirring temperature is 100 - 105°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes to form a compound fertilizer emulsion;

[0070] 4) Feed the emulsion slurry into a differential two-speed rotary granulator, spray it down from the top of the tower, then screen and remove the fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm. Add the screened fine powder below 2 mm and the large particles above 4 mm of fertilizer into reactor A, and stir evenly with ammonium nitrate phosphate solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain uniform granular fertilizer with a diameter of 2 - 4 mm.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0072] Similar to Example 1, the difference is that fucoidan oligosaccharide is not added.

[0073] Comparative Example 2 Preparation of Compound Fertilizer

[0074] Similar to Example 1, the difference is that γ-aminobutyric acid is not added

[0075] Test Example 1

[0076] The cucumber variety for the test was BMW Cucumber F1, and the fertilizers for the test were the special fertilizer for the late stage of cucumber in Example 1, conventional compound fertilizers (two types: equal-nutrient compound fertilizer and equivalent compound fertilizer), and the compound fertilizers in Comparative Examples 1-2. The experimental method was the comparison of fertilization in large fields of equal area. Three treatments were set up at the base of Dangyang Qunyi Vegetable Cooperative: From cucumber planting to the peak harvest period, the local customary fertilization was adopted for all three treatments. After the peak harvest period, (1) the special fertilizer for the late stage of cucumber in Example 1 was applied at a rate of 100 kg per mu (667 m 2 ), (2) local customary fertilization (equal-nutrient compound fertilizer and equivalent compound fertilizer) was applied at a rate of 100 kg per mu (667 m 2 ), (3) the compound fertilizers in Comparative Examples 1-2 were applied at a rate of 100 kg per mu (667 m 2 ). At the peak cucumber harvest period, the following experimental detections were carried out.

[0077] 1. Take fully swollen commercial fruits with similar appearance and size, and use the 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method, anthrone colorimetry, acid-base titration method, Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining method, salicylic acid colorimetry, etc. to determine the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, total acid, chlorophyll, soluble protein, and nitrate. After harvesting in the field, the fruits were directly weighed, and according to market requirements, the fruits were divided into commercial fruits and non-commercial fruits, and the number of results, single fruit weight, and commercial rate were statistically analyzed and calculated. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0078] Table 1 Effects of Fertilizers on Cucumber Yield, Fruit Size, and Commercial Rate

[0079]

[0080] Table 2 Effects of Fertilizers on Cucumber Fruit Quality

[0081]

[0082] 2. Detect the effects of different compound fertilizers on the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients by cucumber plants. The total nitrogen in the plants was detected by the Kjeldahl method, the total phosphorus in the plants was detected by the vanadium molybdate yellow colorimetry method, and the total potassium in the plants was detected by the flame photometry method. The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0083] Table 3 Effects of Fertilizers on the Nutrient Absorption of Cucumber Plants

[0084]

[0085] 3. Detect the activities of urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and invertase in the soil. The activity of catalase is determined by titration with KMnO4; urease is determined by the phenol sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method; acid phosphatase is determined by the phenyl disodium phosphate colorimetric method; invertase is determined by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method. The experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0086] Table 4 Effects of fertilizers on the activities of urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and invertase in the soil

[0087]

[0088] From the above experimental results, it can be seen that: the compound fertilizer provided by the present invention can promote the late growth of cucumbers, significantly improve the commodity rate of cucumbers and the quality of fruits in the later stage, at the same time, it can also delay the senescence of cucumber plants, promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and also has an obvious improvement effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thus greatly improving the economic benefits of agricultural products, and its effect is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Alginate oligosaccharide and γ-aminobutyric acid have a synergistic effect.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage, characterized in that, Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 450 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 120 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 450 parts of potassium fertilizer, 60 parts of calcium fertilizer, 10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 30 parts of boron fertilizer, 50 parts of zinc fertilizer, 5 parts of iron fertilizer, 3 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of synergistic auxiliary agent; or 480 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 115 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 480 parts of potassium fertilizer, 65 parts of calcium fertilizer, 8 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 25 parts of boron fertilizer, 48 parts of zinc fertilizer, 4 parts of iron fertilizer, 2 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.2 part of synergistic auxiliary agent; or 500 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 120 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 500 parts of potassium fertilizer, 70 parts of calcium fertilizer, 10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 25 parts of boron fertilizer, 45 parts of zinc fertilizer, 5 parts of iron fertilizer, 3 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of synergistic auxiliary agent; The synergistic auxiliary agent is γ-aminobutyric acid.

2. The compound fertilizer for improving the commodity rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage according to claim 1, wherein, The nitrogen fertilizer includes ammonium nitrate phosphate, the phosphate fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

3. The compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage as described in claim 1, wherein, The calcium fertilizer includes calcium powder, the magnesium fertilizer includes magnesium oxide, the boron fertilizer includes boric acid, the zinc fertilizer includes EDTA-Zn, and the iron fertilizer includes EDTA-Fe.

4. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commodity rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: S1: Mix and stir the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to obtain mixture 1; S2: Mix and stir the calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fucoidan oligosaccharide, and synergistic auxiliary agent to obtain mixture 2; S3: Mix and stir mixture 1 and mixture 2 to obtain a compound fertilizer mixture; S4: Perform rotary granulation and screening on the compound fertilizer mixture to obtain granular compound fertilizer.

5. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the stirring speed is 120 - 180 revolutions per minute, the temperature is 115°C - 120°C, and the stirring time is 5 - 10 minutes.

6. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the stirring temperature is 50 - 70°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 15 minutes.

7. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the stirring temperature is 100 - 105°C, and the stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes.

8. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the diameter of the granular compound fertilizer is 2 - 4 mm.

9. The preparation method of a compound fertilizer for improving the commercial rate and quality of cucumbers in the later stage as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the compound fertilizer particles with a diameter less than 2 mm and a diameter greater than 4 mm are added to the mixture in step S1.

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