Multi-position elevator buffer device and elevator system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-position elevator buffer device, which is vertically installed on the bottom pit plane of a shaft, wherein the impact contact surface between the multi-position elevator buffer device and the lifting component is a buffer contact surface, and the buffer contact surface of the multi-position elevator buffer device has a first position, a second position and a third position; when the buffer contact surface is at the first position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in an initial free state; when the buffer contact surface is at the second position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a partially compressed state, and the lifting component is at a bottom floor station leveling position; when the buffer contact surface is at the third position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a fully compressed state, and the lifting component is lower than the bottom floor station leveling position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of elevators, and in particular to a multi-position elevator buffer device. The present invention also relates to an elevator system. Background Art

[0002] Existing elevator systems are usually equipped with buffers as safety devices, and the buffers are usually installed in the pit of the elevator shaft. For example, 10.3 and 10.4 of the national standard GB7588-2003 "Safety Specifications for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation" stipulate the travel or deceleration of various buffers. In addition, 10.5.1 stipulates that the elevator limit switch should work before the car or counterweight (if any) contacts the buffer. When the elevator car contacts the limit switch, it means that the elevator car has exceeded the limit position of normal operation. Therefore, in order to meet the above requirements, the existing technology usually designs a pit of a certain depth in the elevator shaft to place the buffer and leave a safe distance.

[0003] The most common situation is that the limiting condition for calculating the minimum pit depth is the vertical distance between the lowest component at the bottom of the car (generally the car bottom or safety clamp) and the pit plane of the hoistway or the highest fixed component in the pit. Since the determining factors for the calculation of the pit depth, its height and other dimensions are relatively rigid and inflexible, it is difficult to reduce the minimum pit depth requirement. For example, for an elevator with a speed of 1m / s, the pit depth is usually 1.3m. If the requirements of the elevator system for the depth of the civil engineering pit cannot be reduced, the civil engineering response capability of the elevator will deteriorate, limiting the use of the elevator. The contradiction is particularly prominent for installing elevators in old buildings and installing elevators in home villas. Among the existing solutions, one way is to excavate the pit, which is difficult and costly, and the other way is to raise the bottom floor station, which is not ideal for space requirements and ease of use.

[0004] If the pit depth needs to be further reduced while retaining the buffer, it can be considered to compress the buffer when the elevator is running normally and stops at the lowest floor, such as the public document CN205772616U. However, there are many technical problems in this use condition. For example, in order to ensure the safety of the elevator in an emergency, the buffer in the prior art must have a force greater than the sum of the elevator car and the rated load in order to slow down and stop the elevator. If the buffer is also compressed when the elevator is running normally and stops at the floor, the excessive force poses a new challenge to whether the elevator can level normally and the comfort during leveling. How to address this challenge is not mentioned in the existing public technology.

[0005] The technical solution mentioned in the public document CN205772616U is a passive buffering method, which completely relies on the force of the buffer on the car to achieve leveling. First, the position of the bottom floor during leveling varies with the load in the car. The leveling accuracy is extremely low and cannot meet safety requirements, posing risks to passengers entering and exiting the car. Secondly, excessive deceleration during leveling will lead to poor comfort. Even with some additional buffering methods, it will cause up and down vibrations during leveling, resulting in poor comfort. Thirdly, this passive method will cause the elevator suspension system to lose tension after leveling, which on the one hand causes safety risks, and on the other hand is not conducive to the restart of the elevator. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-position elevator buffer device, which can not only effectively reduce the requirements of the elevator system for the depth of the civil engineering pit, but also has a simple structure and is easy to implement.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a multi-position elevator buffer device, which is vertically installed on the bottom pit plane of the shaft, the impact contact surface between the multi-position elevator buffer device and the lifting assembly is the buffer contact surface, and the buffer contact surface of the multi-position elevator buffer device has a first position, a second position and a third position; when the buffer contact surface is at the first position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in an initial free state; when the buffer contact surface is at the second position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a partially compressed state, and the lifting assembly is at a leveling position of the bottom floor station; when the buffer contact surface is at the third position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a fully compressed state, and the lifting assembly is lower than the leveling position of the bottom floor station.

[0008] Preferably, when the elevator is operating normally, during the process in which the buffer contact surface moves from the first position to the second position under the push of the lifting assembly, the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is smaller than the gravity of the lifting assembly.

[0009] Preferably, when the elevator is operating normally, the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is less than half of the gravity of the lifting assembly.

[0010] Preferably, when the elevator is operating normally, when the buffer contact surface is located at the second position, the force acting on the lifting assembly by the elevator buffer device is smaller than the gravity of the lifting assembly.

[0011] Preferably, when the elevator is operating normally, the buffer contact surface moves from the first position to the second position under the push of the lifting assembly; when the buffer contact surface collides with the lifting assembly or the lifting assembly accessory, the lifting assembly running speed when the buffer contact surface is in the first position is actively controlled, and the speed is less than or equal to 9 meters per minute.

[0012] Preferably, when the elevator is operating abnormally, the lifting assembly hits the buffer contact surface, and the lifting assembly is buffered and decelerated under the action of the elevator buffer device.

[0013] Preferably, the elevator buffer device comprises a reset device, and the reset device is used to restore the buffer contact surface from the second position or the third position to the first position when there is no external pressure.

[0014] Preferably, in terms of the vertical height of the hoistway, the first position of the buffer contact surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lifting component when the lifting component is located at the leveling position of the bottom floor station.

[0015] Preferably, in terms of the vertical height of the hoistway, the second position of the buffer contact surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lifting assembly when the lifting assembly is located at the leveling position of the bottom floor station.

[0016] Preferably, in the vertical height of the hoistway, the height difference between the second position and the third position of the buffer contact surface is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the buffer device is an energy-absorbing buffer.

[0018] Preferably, the buffer device is a hydraulic buffer.

[0019] Preferably, the buffer device is a hydraulic buffer that can be compressed continuously and multiple times.

[0020] Preferably, the lifting assembly is an elevator car.

[0021] Preferably, the lifting component is a lifting platform.

[0022] The present invention also discloses an elevator system of a multi-position elevator buffer device, comprising a hoistway, the lifting assembly moves vertically along the hoistway, and the multi-position elevator buffer device is arranged in the hoistway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the use status of an elevator buffer device in the prior art.

[0024] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the elevator buffer device in use according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the elevator buffer device of the present invention when it is in a free state.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the first position, the second position and the third position of the elevator buffer device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the use status of another preferred embodiment of the elevator buffer device of the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 11 Hoistway 12 Machine Room

[0030] 21 Car 21a Car bottom

[0031] 22 Car side pulley 23 Counterweight

[0032] 24 Counterweight side pulley 25 Top fixed pulley

[0033] 26 Lifting platform 26a Lifting platform bottom

[0034] 31 driving device 32 guide pulley

[0035] 41 traction rope 42 compensation rope

[0036] 51 Rope end on car side 52 Rope end on counterweight side

[0037] 53 Control device 54 Car side guide rail

[0038] 55 Counterweight side guide rail 61 Elevator buffer device

[0039] 62 Counterweight side elevator buffer device 71 Impact block

[0040] 72 Gasket W1 First position

[0041] W2 Second position W3 Third position DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an elevator buffer device in the prior art. In the vertical direction, the portion of the shaft 11 below the bottom floor station is called the pit, and its vertical height is called the pit depth, represented by PD. The bottom plane of the shaft 11 is called the pit plane. The lifting component in this embodiment is the car 21. Of course, the lifting component can also be a lifting platform.

[0043] The car 21 and the counterweight 23 are arranged in the hoistway 11, and are guided by the car side guide rail 54 and the counterweight side guide rail 55 (not shown in the figure), respectively, and are suspended by the traction rope 41 wound on the driving device 31. The car 21 and the counterweight 23 are driven by the driving device 31 arranged in the machine room 12, and move in opposite directions along the vertical direction in the hoistway 11. The bottom part of the car 21 is the car bottom 21a, and the thickness of the car bottom 21a is represented by L1. The car side pulley 22 is arranged on the car 21, and the counterweight side pulley 24 is arranged on the counterweight 23. The traction rope 41 passes around the car side pulley 22 and is guided by the guide pulley 32 to pass around the counterweight side pulley 24. The two ends are fixed in the machine room 12, respectively, and are divided into the car side rope head 51 and the counterweight side rope head 52 according to the position. The control device 53 of the elevator is also arranged in the machine room 12.

[0044] The elevator buffer device 61 and the counterweight side elevator buffer device 62 are respectively arranged near the lower terminal position of the moving route of the car 21 and the counterweight 23. Usually, the elevator buffer devices 61 and 62 are fixed to the pit plane by expansion bolts or by a heightening seat (not shown in the figure).

[0045] Figure 1 The double-dotted dashed line in the middle and lower part shows the car 21 when it is leveled at the bottom floor station. When the car 21 is leveled at the bottom floor station, the distance between the car platform 21a and the car side elevator buffer device 61 in the initial free state is called the car side overtravel, which is represented by RB. The height of the elevator buffer devices 61 and 62 in the initial free state is L2. The height difference between the elevator buffer devices 61 and 62 in the initial free state and in the fully compressed state is called the stroke, which is represented by L21.

[0046] from Figure 1 It can be seen that under the conventional system layout, the calculation of the pit depth needs to consider the sum of the car bottom thickness L1, the car side overrun RB, and the height L2 of the elevator buffer device on the car side in the initial free state, that is:

[0047] PD1=L1+RB+L2……………………(1)

[0048] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. The lifting component in this embodiment is the car 21. Of course, the lifting component can also be a lifting platform. It should be noted that the drive device 31 is not limited to being arranged near the bottom of the shaft 11, and can also be arranged near the top of the shaft 11. The drive device 31 can also be arranged in a machine room above or outside the shaft 11 (the machine room is not shown in the figure), and the drive device 31 can also be integrated in the car 21. When the drive device 31 is arranged near the top of the shaft or in the machine room above the shaft, the top pulley 25 may not be required. When the drive device 31 is integrated in the car 21, the traction rope 41 may not be required. In addition, the counterweight device is also an optional part. The above is an explanation of the applicability of the elevator buffer device, which shows that the elevator buffer device is not limited to being used for Figure 2 The elevator system shown.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the elevator system is provided with two elevator buffer devices 61. The elevator buffer device 61 is vertically installed on the pit plane of the hoistway, and the impact contact surface between the elevator buffer device 61 and the lifting assembly is the buffer contact surface. The buffer contact surface of the elevator buffer device 61 has a first position W1, a second position W2 and a third position W3; when the buffer contact surface is at the first position W1, the elevator buffer device is in an initial free state; when the buffer contact surface is at the second position W2, the elevator buffer device is in a partially compressed state, and the car 21 is at the bottom floor station leveling position; when the buffer contact surface is at the third position W3, the elevator buffer device is in a fully compressed state, and the car 21 is lower than the bottom floor station leveling position.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, two bumpers 71 corresponding to the elevator buffer device 61 are arranged on both sides of the elevator car 21. At this time, the elevator is in normal operation and has not entered the bottom floor station leveling state. The buffer contact surface is at the first position W1. When the elevator is in normal operation, by controlling the speed at which the lifting component contacts the buffer contact surface at the first position and actively controlling the entire leveling process, the leveling comfort is basically the same as that of the existing elevators that do not contact the buffer during leveling.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, since the elevator buffer device 61 adopts a hydraulic buffer, the hydraulic buffer generally has obvious oscillation and jitter at the end of the stroke. The double-dotted line represents the actual compression position of the elevator buffer device 61 when the car 21 is leveled at the bottom floor station in this embodiment, and the actual compression distance is L22. Compared with the maximum compression stroke L21 of the elevator buffer device 61, L22 < L21, that is, there is still some compression stroke margin.

[0052] Therefore, the preferred solution is that when the elevator is in normal operation and the car 21 is at the leveling position at the bottom floor station, the elevator buffer device 61 is in a compressed state. However, at this time, the elevator buffer device 61 is not compressed to the bottom, that is, the buffer contact surface of the elevator buffer device is at the second position W2. According to the maximum compressible stroke L21 of the elevator buffer device 61, a margin of 5 mm or more is reserved. That is:

[0053] L21-L22≥5mm………………………………………………………………(6)

[0054] Formula (6) is a conclusion drawn from a large number of tests on actual elevators. The elevator buffer device 61 reserves a compression margin of 5 mm or more. On the one hand, it avoids the obvious oscillation and jitter of the hydraulic buffer at the end of the stroke; on the other hand, it takes into account the deviation range of the leveling accuracy of the car 21 to avoid rigid collision when the car 21 deviates downward when leveling at the bottom floor station; thirdly, due to the use of the traction rope 41 or the possible traction belt and traction chain, elastic elongation will occur when passengers enter and exit the car 21, that is, when the load in the car changes, and the reserved compression margin also takes this into account. By setting the second position, tolerance is provided for active control, and accurate leveling of the elevator under different load conditions is achieved. At the same time, it is convenient to detect the car load after the passengers enter, and to achieve precise control of the lifting component drive, so that the comfort level during leveling and starting is basically the same as that of the existing elevators that do not contact the buffer during leveling.

[0055] When the elevator is operating normally, the buffer contact surface moves from the first position to the second position under the push of the lifting assembly, and the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is less than the gravity of the lifting assembly. The suspension device of the elevator can always maintain tension during the elevator leveling process, and achieve accurate leveling of the elevator under different load conditions.

[0056] At the same time, when the elevator is running normally, when the buffer contact surface is at the second position, the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is less than the gravity of the lifting assembly, so that the suspension device of the elevator can always maintain tension during normal operation of the elevator, so that the starting torque can be accurately loaded when the elevator is started again, which is conducive to ensuring the comfort of the elevator when it is started at the bottom floor.

[0057] Furthermore, the elevator buffer device 61 used here is a hydraulic buffer. The types of buffers commonly used in elevators include spring type, polyurethane type, hydraulic type, etc. According to the technical solution proposed by this patent, when the elevator is in normal operation, when the car 21 is leveled at the bottom floor station, the elevator buffer device 61 will be compressed by the collision block 71. Practical experience shows that spring type and polyurethane type buffers will generate a strong reaction force at the moment of rigid contact, and the torque curve is difficult to optimize and adjust, which will seriously affect the riding comfort. Therefore, it is a better solution to use a hydraulic buffer for the elevator buffer device 61.

[0058] Furthermore, for ordinary elevator systems, the buffer is not compressed when the elevator is operating normally; the buffer is compressed only when an accident occurs and the car 21 sinks to the bottom. Therefore, the conventional buffer used in ordinary elevators cannot withstand continuous and multiple compressions. The technical solution proposed by this patent is that when the elevator is operating normally, each time the car 21 is leveled at the bottom floor station, the elevator buffer device 61 will be compressed by the collision block 71. Therefore, the elevator buffer device 61 is an energy-consuming buffer, a hydraulic buffer that can be compressed continuously and multiple times, and is a better solution.

[0059] Furthermore, the technical solution proposed by this patent requires that the elevator buffer device 61 will be compressed by the collision block 71 when the elevator car 21 is leveled at the bottom floor station during normal operation of the elevator, so the elevator buffer device 61 must be restored to the initial free state within the interval between two consecutive operations of the elevator. Therefore, the elevator buffer device 61 can be restored from the compressed state to the initial free state in a relatively short time after unloading, which is a better solution.

[0060] Furthermore, since the elevator buffer device 61 is required to be restored to the initial free state within the interval between two consecutive operations of the elevator. If the elevator buffer device 61 is not restored to the initial free state in time, and the car 21 goes to the bottom floor station for leveling again, that is, the collision block 71 compresses the elevator buffer device 61 again, it will cause a use risk. A device is required to monitor the state of the elevator buffer device 61 to ensure that the elevator buffer device 61 has been restored to the initial free state when the car 21 goes to the bottom floor station for leveling again. Therefore, it is a better solution to provide an electrical switch on the elevator buffer device 61 to monitor whether the elevator buffer device 61 has been restored to the initial free state.

[0061] Furthermore, when the elevator is in normal operation, since the elevator buffer device 61 is in a compressed state when the car 21 is at the leveling position of the bottom floor station, the collision block 71 has already contacted the elevator buffer device 61 when the car 21 is still some distance away from the leveling position of the bottom floor station. Actual test experience shows that since the car 21 still has a certain speed at this time, it will produce strong vibration and abnormal noise when it collides with the elevator buffer device 61, affecting the riding comfort. According to a large number of tests on actual elevators, when the elevator is in normal operation, before the car 21 is about to reach the leveling position of the bottom floor station when it goes down, that is, before the collision block 71 connected to the car 21 is about to hit the elevator buffer device 61, the drive device 31 acts in advance under the command of the control device 53, and reduces the collision speed of the collision block 71 when it contacts the elevator buffer device 61 to a speed range not higher than 9 meters per minute, which is a better solution.

[0062] Furthermore, the third position W3 of the buffer contact surface of the elevator buffer device is higher than the bottom floor station, that is, L2-L21>PD.

[0063] The above multiple technical solutions ensure that the elevator system can achieve the goal of smaller pit depth requirements while ensuring smooth elevator operation and good riding comfort. The application of the technical solution proposed in this patent can reduce the minimum pit depth PD value to below 0.2m. Combined with the new technology application of thinner car bottom 21a, the minimum pit depth PD value can be reduced to below 0.1m.

[0064] Figure 5 The second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . In this embodiment, the buffer device is installed in a winch-type machine room-less elevator system. Different from the first embodiment, the car 21 in this embodiment is replaced by a lifting platform 26 .

[0065] The elevator buffer device 61 is arranged outside the projection surface of the lifting platform 26. The lifting platform 26 is connected with a collision block 71 that matches the elevator buffer device 61. When the elevator is in normal operation, when the lifting platform 26 is at the leveling position of the bottom floor station, the elevator buffer device 61 is in a compressed state. Similarly, the elevator system can achieve a smaller pit depth requirement, while ensuring the smooth operation of the elevator and good riding comfort.

[0066] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific implementation modes and embodiments, but these do not constitute limitations of the present invention. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may also make many variations and improvements, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-position elevator buffer device, vertically mounted on the bottom pit plane of the hoistway, wherein the impact contact surface between the multi-position elevator buffer device and the lifting assembly is a buffer contact surface, characterized in that: The buffer contact surface of the multi-position elevator buffer device has a first position, a second position and a third position; When the buffer contact surface is at the first position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in an initial free state; When the buffer contact surface is in the second position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a partially compressed state, and the lifting assembly is in a leveling position at the bottom floor station; When the buffer contact surface is in the third position, the multi-position elevator buffer device is in a fully compressed state, and the lifting assembly is below the leveling position of the bottom floor station; When the elevator is operating normally, the buffer contact surface moves from the first position to the second position under the push of the lifting component; when the buffer contact surface collides with the lifting component or the lifting component accessory, the lifting component running speed when the buffer contact surface is in the first position is actively controlled, and the speed is less than or equal to 9 meters per minute.

2. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the elevator is operating normally, during the process in which the buffer contact surface moves from the first position to the second position under the push of the lifting assembly, the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is smaller than the gravity of the lifting assembly.

3. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the elevator is operating normally, the force exerted by the elevator buffer device on the lifting assembly is less than half of the weight of the lifting assembly.

4. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the elevator is operating normally, when the buffer contact surface is located at the second position, the force acting on the lifting component by the elevator buffer device is smaller than the gravity of the lifting component.

5. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the elevator is in abnormal operation, the lifting assembly hits the buffer contact surface, and the lifting assembly is buffered and decelerated under the action of the multi-position elevator buffer device.

6. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-position elevator buffer device comprises a reset device, which is used to restore the buffer contact surface from the second position or the third position to the first position when there is no external pressure.

7. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of the vertical height of the hoistway, the first position of the buffer contact surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lifting component when the lifting component is located at the leveling position of the bottom floor station.

8. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of the vertical height of the hoistway, the second position of the buffer contact surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lifting component when the lifting component is located at the leveling position of the bottom floor station.

9. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the vertical height of the hoistway, the height difference between the second position and the third position of the buffer contact surface is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

10. The elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer device is an energy-consuming buffer.

11. The elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer device is a hydraulic buffer.

12. The elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer device is a hydraulic buffer that can be compressed continuously and multiple times.

13. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting assembly is an elevator car.

14. The multi-position elevator buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting component is a lifting platform.

15. An elevator system using a multi-position elevator buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: include: A hoistway, the lifting assembly moves vertically along the hoistway, and the multi-position elevator buffer device is arranged in the hoistway.

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