Laser Demolition Technology for the Head Gate of Large Diameter Shield Tunnel Starting Point

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser breaking process for a large-diameter shield tunneling starting end portal, which includes the following steps: S1, portal layering; S2, portal partitioning; S3, layered cutting. The present invention uses laser cutting to break the partitions layer by layer and one by one through the setting of layering and partitioning until the entire portal is broken. In addition, during the cutting, water is injected synchronously, which can not only effectively reduce the temperature in real time, which is conducive to the implementation of laser cutting, but also can absorb the dust used in the cutting. Therefore, the present invention can avoid high-altitude operations, reduce construction risks, reduce the difficulty of breaking concrete and steel bars, improve construction efficiency, and effectively solve pollution problems such as dust and noise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shield tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a laser breaking process for a large-diameter shield tunnel starting end portal. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, shield tunnel technology has become an indispensable key technology in the construction of major transportation and other infrastructure in my country. In the field of shield construction, the tunnel gate must be broken before the shield machine starts. Breaking the starting tunnel gate affects the success of the shield machine start and is a key process.

[0003] At present, the method of breaking the tunnel gate is generally to use manual pneumatic picks. Nowadays, large-diameter shield machines are becoming more and more common, and the height of tunnel gate breaking operations is getting higher and higher. Manual handheld pneumatic picks to break concrete have the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. There are great safety hazards in the process of manual hand-held pneumatic pick operation. The operators have a large amount of high-altitude work and the construction risk is high;

[0005] 2. The efficiency of manual pneumatic pick operation is low, and it is difficult to break concrete and steel bars;

[0006] 3. Due to the shortcomings of the pneumatic pick machine itself, the pneumatic pick rock breaking efficiency is poor and the construction efficiency is low;

[0007] 4. During the manual hand-held pneumatic pick removal process, there are serious problems such as flying rocks, powder, vibration, and noise pollution. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a new laser breaking process for a large-diameter shield starting end tunnel door.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A laser breaking process for a large-diameter shield tunneling starting end portal comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1, tunnel gate stratification

[0012] The tunnel portal is divided into a concrete surface layer, a steel layer behind the soil, a concrete middle layer, a steel layer facing the soil, and a concrete inner layer along the shield tunneling direction.

[0013] S2. Gate partition

[0014] The cross-sectional circle of the hole is used as a reference, and the cross-sectional circle is divided into multiple demolition areas;

[0015] S3, layered cutting

[0016] The concrete surface layer, the back soil surface steel bar layer, the concrete middle layer, the soil-facing steel bar layer, and the inner concrete layer are cut and broken layer by layer with a laser. The steps for breaking each layer include: 1) Implementing circular laser cutting of the hole cross-section circle of each layer, and the cutting thickness is equal to the thickness of the corresponding cutting layer; 2) Implementing laser cutting of the same thickness in each breaking area along the division path of each breaking area; 3) Taking each breaking area as a single cutting object, performing multiple cross diagonal cuts to cut each breaking area, and forming a prism on the corresponding cutting layer, and simultaneously completing the laser removal of multiple breaking areas in sequence.

[0017] Moreover, when laser cutting each adjacent layer among the concrete surface layer, the back soil surface steel bar layer, the concrete middle layer, the soil-facing steel bar layer, and the inner concrete layer, the diagonal cutting directions of the two layers deflect around the center of the portal, and intersect with the prism of the previous cutting layer formed on the corresponding cutting layer. At the same time, water is injected into the laser cutting seam during the laser removal process, and the injected water absorbs the laser cutting dust and discharges it from the laser cutting seam.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of each layer of breaking is Hn, the depth of the circular laser cutting of each layer corresponding to the layer breaking is Xn, the depth of the laser cutting of each breaking area corresponding to the circular laser cutting of each layer is Yn, and the depth of each diagonal cut corresponding to each breaking area is Zn, where Xn = Yn = Hn, Zn = Yn / sinβ, β is the angle formed by the cutting direction and the cross-section circle direction, and β is 10° - 30°. Ensure that the angle and depth of the diagonal cut can be accurately known, thereby facilitating the implementation of each layer of breaking.

[0019] Preferably, multiple breaking areas are divided into multiple rows from top to bottom, and each row of breaking areas forms at least one breaking area.

[0020] Each row of breaking areas extends along the left-right direction, and forms multiple adjacent breaking areas in sequence in the up-down direction.

[0021] According to a specific implementation and preferred aspect of the present invention, the laser breaking of each breaking area is completed layer by layer from top to bottom and from left to right, and the diagonal cutting angles of each breaking area are the same. It is selected according to the convenience of actual operation, which is convenient for sequentially implementing the cutting and removal of the breaking areas.

[0022] According to another specific implementation and preferred aspect of the present invention, the laser breaking of each breaking area is completed layer by layer from top to bottom and in a left-right circuitous manner, and the diagonal cutting angles of each breaking area are the same. It is selected according to the convenience of actual operation, which is convenient for sequentially implementing the cutting and removal of the breaking areas.

[0023] Preferably, in S3, the injected water is normal temperature water. The general temperature of normal temperature water is 20-25°C. Since the temperature formed by laser cutting is relatively high (1800-2500°C), at this time, normal temperature water can not only cool down, but also absorb and discharge dust from the cutting area. At the same time, it can also generate local vaporization due to the temperature difference. Especially during oblique cutting, it can increase the expansion force after cutting, and the instantaneous cooling can make the cut part very brittle, which is convenient for the concrete part to fall off after cutting. That is to say, the synchronous water injection of this application: 1. Cooling and easy to cut brittlely; 2. Can remove dust; 3. Low use cost.

[0024] According to another specific implementation and preferred aspect of the present invention, the directions of oblique cutting of the two layers deflect around the center of the portal, and are perpendicularly arranged to the prism of the previous cutting layer formed in the corresponding cutting layer.

[0025] Preferably, the prism is a triangular prism. It is convenient for the cut part to fall off.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the portal is 800-1200mm.

[0027] Specifically, in this application, its construction method includes the following steps:

[0028] 1) Divide the portal into 16 areas, which are divided into four rows from top to bottom, with four areas in each row;

[0029] 2) Control the robotic arm of the laser cutting equipment to make the breaking head close to the inner surface of the concrete in each area of the portal;

[0030] 3) Break 50-100mm thick concrete and the back soil surface steel bars of the portal in Area 1;

[0031] 4) Control the robotic arm to move the breaking head and break the 50-100mm thick surface layer concrete and the back soil surface steel bars of the portal in Areas 2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16 in sequence;

[0032] 5) Break 400-1000mm thick intermediate layer concrete of the portal in Area 1;

[0033] 6) Control the robotic arm to move the breaking head and break the 400-1000mm thick intermediate layer concrete of the portal in Areas 2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16 in sequence;

[0034] 7) Break 50-100mm thick inner layer concrete and the soil-facing steel bars of the portal in Area 1;

[0035] 8) Control the robotic arm, move the breaking head, and successively break the inner concrete layer with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm and the soil-facing steel bars in areas 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 of the portal.

[0036] Due to the implementation of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0037] Through the setting of layering and zoning, the present invention uses laser cutting to break and cut layer by layer and zone by zone until the entire portal is broken. Moreover, during the cutting process, by synchronously injecting water, it can not only effectively cool down in real time, which is beneficial to the implementation of laser cutting, but also adsorb the dust generated during the cutting. Therefore, the present invention can eliminate high-altitude operations, reduce construction risks, lower the difficulty of breaking concrete and steel bars, improve construction efficiency, and effectively solve pollution problems such as dust and noise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the laser breaking process for the large-diameter shield starting end portal in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the portal layer structure in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the portal zoning structure in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the inclined cutting structure of the breaking zone for any layer in this embodiment;

[0042] Wherein: 1. Concrete surface layer; 2. Soil-backing steel bar layer; 3. Concrete intermediate layer; 4. Soil-facing steel bar layer; 5. Concrete inner layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present application.

[0045] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0046] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal connection or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for illustrative purposes and do not represent the only implementation.

[0049] As Figure 1 shown, the laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head in this embodiment is mainly used to break the portal with a thickness of 1200 mm, and the diameter of the portal is 13.9 m.

[0050] Combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the portal of this embodiment is divided into a concrete surface layer 1, a back soil surface steel bar layer 2, a concrete intermediate layer 3, a front soil surface steel bar layer 4, and a concrete inner layer 5 along the shield tunneling direction, and the thickness of the portal is 1200 mm.

[0051] At the same time, taking the concrete surface layer 1 as an example, effective zoning is carried out, and then the laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head is used to break the concrete surface layer 1.

[0052] Similarly, by using the same technical means, the breaking of the back soil surface steel bar layer 2, the concrete intermediate layer 3, the front soil surface steel bar layer 4, and the concrete inner layer 5 can be carried out in sequence.

[0053] Combined with Figure 4 shown, the laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0054] S1. Portal layering

[0055] The portal is divided into a concrete surface layer 1, a back soil surface steel bar layer 2, a concrete intermediate layer 3, a front soil surface steel bar layer 4, and a concrete inner layer 5 along the shield tunneling direction, and the thickness of each layer is set to Hn.

[0056] S2. Portal zoning

[0057] Based on the cross-sectional circle of the portal, and the cross-sectional circle is divided into 16 breaking zones, which are divided into four rows from top to bottom, with four breaking zones in each row;

[0058] S3. Layered cutting

[0059] The concrete surface layer 1, the soil-backing steel bar layer 2, the middle concrete layer 3, the soil-facing steel bar layer 4, and the inner concrete layer 5 are cut and broken layer by layer using a laser. The steps for breaking each layer are as follows: 1) Perform a circular laser cut on the cross-section circle of the hole opening for each layer, and the cutting thickness is equal to the thickness of the corresponding cutting layer; 2) Perform a laser cut with the same thickness along the division path of each breaking area; 3) Take each breaking area as a single cutting object, perform multiple cross-oblique cuts to cut each breaking area, and form a triangular prism shape on the corresponding cutting layer. At the same time, complete the laser cutting of multiple breaking areas in sequence;

[0060] Moreover, when performing laser cutting on every two adjacent layers among the concrete surface layer 1, the soil-backing steel bar layer 2, the middle concrete layer 3, the soil-facing steel bar layer 4, and the inner concrete layer 5, the direction of the oblique cut between the two layers deflects 90 degrees around the center of the portal, and the prism formed on the corresponding cutting layer is vertically arranged with the prism of the previous cutting layer. At the same time, water is injected into the laser cutting seam during the laser cutting process, and the injected water absorbs the laser cutting dust and discharges it from the laser cutting seam.

[0061] Specifically, the thickness of each layer of breaking is Hn, the depth of the circular laser cut for each layer corresponding to the layer breaking is Xn, the depth of the laser cut for each breaking area corresponding to the circular laser cut for each layer is Yn, and the depth of each oblique cut corresponding to each breaking area is Zn. Among them, Xn = Yn = Hn, and Zn = Yn / sinβ, where β is the angle formed by the cutting direction and the cross-section circle direction, and β is 30°. Ensure that the angle and depth of the oblique cut can be accurately known, thereby facilitating the implementation of each layer of breaking.

[0062] To facilitate the understanding of layer-by-layer cutting, since the sum of the thicknesses of the concrete surface layer 1 and the soil-backing steel bar layer 2 is 100 mm, the thickness of the middle concrete layer 3 is 1000 mm, and the sum of the thicknesses of the soil-facing steel bar layer 4 and the inner concrete layer 5 is 100 mm. In this way, the concrete surface layer 1 and the soil-backing steel bar layer 2 together form the first breaking layer, the middle concrete layer 3 is the second breaking layer, and the soil-facing steel bar layer 4 and the inner concrete layer 5 are the third breaking layer.

[0063] Therefore, the specific operation is as follows:

[0064] 1) Control the robotic arm of the laser cutting equipment to make the breaking head closely adhere to the inner surface of the concrete in each partition of the portal;

[0065] 2) Break the 100-mm-thick concrete and the soil-backing steel bars of the portal in Area 1;

[0066] 3) Control the robotic arm to move the breaking head and sequentially break the 50 - 100-mm-thick surface concrete and the soil-backing steel bars of the portal in Areas 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16;

[0067] 4) Demolish the middle layer concrete with a thickness of 1000 mm of the portal in Area 1;

[0068] 5) Control the robotic arm, move the demolition head, and sequentially demolish the middle layer concrete with a thickness of 400 - 1000 mm of the portals in Areas 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16;

[0069] 6) Demolish the inner layer concrete with a thickness of 100 mm of the portal in Area 1 and the steel bars on the soil-facing side;

[0070] 7) Control the robotic arm, move the demolition head, and sequentially demolish the inner layer concrete with a thickness of 50 - 100 mm of the portals in Areas 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 and the steel bars on the soil-facing side.

[0071] In addition, it should be stated that the water mentioned above is normal temperature water (20 - 25 °C). Since the temperature formed by laser cutting is relatively high (1800 - 2500 °C), at this time, the normal temperature water can not only cool down the temperature, but also absorb and discharge the dust in the cutting area, and at the same time, local vaporization can be generated due to the temperature difference. Especially during oblique cutting, it can increase the expansion force after cutting, and the instantaneous temperature drop can make the cut part very brittle, which is convenient for the concrete part to fall off after cutting. That is to say, the synchronous water injection in this application: 1. Cool down the temperature, making it easy to brittlely cut the cut part; 2. Can remove dust; 3. Low cost.

[0072] Therefore, this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0073] 1. Through the setting of layering and zoning, laser cutting is used to demolish layer by layer and zone by zone until the demolition of the entire portal is completed. And during the cutting, through synchronous water injection, it can not only effectively cool down the temperature in real time, which is beneficial to the implementation of laser cutting, but also adsorb the dust generated during cutting. Therefore, the present invention can avoid high-altitude operations, reduce construction risks, reduce the difficulty of demolishing concrete and steel bars, improve construction efficiency, and at the same time effectively solve pollution problems such as dust and noise;

[0074] 2. The adopted top-down and left-right pattern is mainly for convenience in exerting force and demolition. However, it should be noted that mechanical demolition can also be carried out from bottom to top, or at any position, and the concrete and steel bar layers can be demolished simultaneously. As for how deep the mechanical demolition can be at one time, it can be determined according to the power of the laser cutting equipment;

[0075] 3. Since the temperature formed by laser cutting is relatively high (above 1800°C), at this time, normal temperature water can not only cool down, but also absorb dust and discharge it from the cutting area. At the same time, it can also cause local vaporization due to the temperature difference. Especially during oblique cutting, it can increase the expansion force after cutting, and the instantaneous cooling can make the cut part very brittle, which is convenient for the removal of the concrete part to fall off. That is to say, the synchronous water injection of this application: that is to say, the synchronous water injection of this application: a. Cooling down, easy to cut brittlely; b. Can remove dust; c. Low use cost.

[0076] The above has made a detailed description of the present invention, aiming to enable those skilled in this field of technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. However, it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser breaking process for the portal of a large-diameter shield starting head, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Division of the portal into layers The portal is divided into a concrete surface layer, a soil-backing steel bar layer, a concrete intermediate layer, a soil-facing steel bar layer, and a concrete inner layer along the shield tunneling direction; S2. Division of the portal into zones Based on the cross-sectional circle of the portal opening, the cross-sectional circle is divided into multiple breaking zones; S3. Layer-by-layer cutting Use laser to cut and break the concrete surface layer, the soil-backing steel bar layer, the concrete intermediate layer, the soil-facing steel bar layer, and the concrete inner layer layer by layer. The steps for breaking each layer include: 1) Implement circular laser cutting of the cross-sectional circle of each layer of the portal opening, and the cutting thickness is equal to the thickness of the corresponding cutting layer; 2) Implement laser cutting with the same thickness along the division path of each breaking zone in each breaking zone; 3) Take each breaking zone as a single cutting object, perform multiple cross-oblique cuts to cut each breaking zone, and form a prism on the corresponding cutting layer. At the same time, complete the laser removal of multiple breaking zones in sequence; when performing laser cutting between every two adjacent layers among the concrete surface layer, the soil-backing steel bar layer, the concrete intermediate layer, the soil-facing steel bar layer, and the concrete inner layer, the oblique cutting directions of the two layers deflect around the center of the portal, and intersect with the prism of the previous cutting layer formed on the corresponding cutting layer. At the same time, water is injected into the laser cutting seam during the laser removal process, and the injected water absorbs laser cutting dust and discharges it from the laser cutting seam; the thickness of each layer of breaking is Hn, the depth of the circular laser cutting corresponding to each layer of breaking is Xn, the depth of laser cutting for each breaking zone corresponding to each layer of circular laser cutting is Yn, and the depth of each oblique cut corresponding to each breaking zone is Zn, where Xn = Yn = Hn, Zn = Yn / sinβ, β is the angle formed by the cutting direction and the cross-sectional circle direction, and β is 10° - 30°.

2. The laser breaking process for the starting end portal of a large-diameter shield machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multiple breaking zones are divided into multiple rows from top to bottom, and each row of breaking zones forms at least one of the said breaking zones.

3. The laser breaking process for the starting end portal of a large-diameter shield machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each row of breaking zones extends along the left-right direction and forms multiple adjacent breaking zones in the up-down direction.

4. The laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head according to claim 3, characterized in that For each layer of breaking, the laser breaking of each breaking zone is completed in sequence from top to bottom and from left to right, and the oblique cutting angles of each breaking zone are the same.

5. The laser breaking process for the starting end portal of a large-diameter shield machine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: For each layer of breaking, the laser breaking of each breaking zone is completed in a zigzag manner from top to bottom and from left to right, and the oblique cutting angles of each breaking zone are the same.

6. The laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the water injected is normal temperature water.

7. The laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head according to claim 1, wherein The oblique cutting directions of the two layers deflect around the center of the portal, and are perpendicular to the prism of the previous cutting layer formed on the corresponding cutting layer.

8. The laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting head according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that : The prism is in the shape of a triangular prism.

9. The laser breaking process for the portal of the large-diameter shield starting end according to claim 1, characterized in that : The thickness of the portal is 800 - 1200 mm, and the concrete surface layer and the soil-backing steel bar layer are combined to form the first breaking layer; the concrete intermediate layer forms the second breaking layer; the soil-facing steel bar layer and the concrete inner layer form the third breaking layer.

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