A method for cutting metal workpieces by double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces, which is used for processing high-quality through-groove structures of different metals, and mainly includes the following steps: vertically fixing the workpiece between two offset nozzles, adjusting the spatial position of the nozzles from the workpiece; starting to remove materials from the metal workpiece with the two nozzles offset, and finally forming a through-groove structure with narrow width and straight walls. The method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces realizes rapid linear or circular cutting of the workpiece under electrolytic conditions by controlling the relative movement of the two nozzles to the workpiece, and the high-speed sprayed electrolyte can efficiently and timely discharge the electrolytic products from the processing gap, and has the advantages of high cutting processing stability and good processing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for double-sided staggered jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces, belonging to the field of electrolytic cutting processing. Background Art

[0002] Cutting is one of the most commonly used process steps in manufacturing metal products. Improving cutting efficiency as much as possible while ensuring the cutting surface quality and processing accuracy has always been one of the goals of the industry.

[0003] The existing cutting methods mainly include laser cutting, electric spark cutting, gas arc cutting, abrasive water jet cutting, mechanical cutting (such as sawing, milling, etc.) and electrolytic cutting (such as electrolytic disc milling, electrolytic jet cutting, electrolytic wire cutting, etc.). Among them, the electrolytic cutting process based on the principle of electrochemical dissolution has the advantages of small cutting material restriction, high efficiency, no cracks on the cutting surface, no stress, and good surface quality. In recent years, it has been increasingly valued by the scientific and industrial communities.

[0004] Patent No. US006112132A discloses an automatic pipe cutting device and method. This patent uses a saw blade covered with abrasive particles as a cathode, and cuts pipes through mechanical electrolytic composite action, with high processing accuracy, but it has strict requirements on cathode tools, high tool costs, and it is difficult to process high-precision straight wall seams / narrow grooves and other structures. Patent No. 201711249202.X discloses an electrode and processing device and method for electrolytic cutting and rapid forming of turbine disc tenon and groove. This patent uses multiple thin-sheet electrodes to cut the side walls of titanium alloy or high-temperature alloy turbine disc tenon and groove by feed cutting. Its processing efficiency is more than 1 times that of traditional processing, but the essence of the technical solution proposed in this patent is still electrolytic forming processing or electrolytic copy processing. The cathode tool performs unidirectional feed motion and can only complete the processing of specific shapes. The applicability is not high, and the processing speed is difficult to be very high due to the limitation of the electrolyte flow limit speed. Patents No. 201510171536.4, 201010128961.2 and other patents propose an electrolytic wire cutting method similar to the form of electric spark wire cutting. This method combines electrolytic machining with wire cutting technology, with narrow slits and high machining accuracy, but the cutting efficiency is limited by the current carrying capacity of the cutting wire and the product removal efficiency. The actual cutting speed is difficult to increase, and it is difficult to cut workpieces with large thickness and large thickness differences. Patent No. 201811060989.X proposes a tube electrode, device and method for integrated electrolytic drilling. This patent combines drilling and cutting into one process. The drilling step is used to determine the cutting depth or the tube electrode passes through, and the cutting is carried out in the form of a pipe electrode. Although this patent simplifies the overall operation steps to a certain extent, the tube electrode cutting slit is large, the processing speed is low, and the processing accuracy is not high. In summary, it is necessary to research and develop electrolytic cutting methods with higher processing accuracy, processing efficiency and better processing flexibility. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the difficult-to-solve problems of existing cutting and processing of metal workpieces such as poor processing quality and low processing stability, the present invention proposes a method for jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces with different cutting functions, stable processing, simple processing and high processing efficiency.

[0006] A method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: vertically fix the planar metal workpiece between two offset nozzles, connect the first nozzle of the workpiece to the first electrolyte circulation filtration system, and connect the second nozzle of the workpiece to the second electrolyte circulation filtration system;

[0008] S2: Adjust the spatial positions of the two nozzles, adjust the distances between the ends of the liquid outlets of the two offset nozzles and the surface of the workpiece to a set value, and adjust the heights of the nozzles on both sides of the workpiece from the bottom edge of the workpiece to a set value, and both offset nozzles are perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece;

[0009] S3: The two offset nozzles are electrically connected to the negative electrodes of their respective electrolytic power supplies, and the workpieces are electrically connected to the positive electrodes of the two electrolytic power supplies;

[0010] S4: starting the first electrolyte circulation filtration system and the second electrolyte circulation filtration system, at which time, the electrolyte is sprayed from two offset nozzles in the form of beams toward the surfaces of both sides of the workpiece, and the beam flow speeds of the two nozzles are adjusted to the set value;

[0011] S5: driving the first nozzle to scan at a uniform speed relative to the workpiece according to a set trajectory path from the starting position, and at the same time, starting the electrolytic power supply connected to the first nozzle with a set voltage value. At this time, the material on the left side of the workpiece is dissolved and removed under the combined action of the electric field and the beam electrolyte, and a groove is formed along the motion trajectory path of the first nozzle. After the first nozzle runs for a period of time and is 10 to 15 mm away from the second nozzle, driving the second nozzle to scan at a uniform speed relative to the workpiece according to the same motion trajectory path and the same motion speed as the first nozzle from the starting position. At the same time, starting the second electrolytic power supply connected to the workpiece with a set voltage value, at this time, the material on the right side of the workpiece opposite to the groove is completely dissolved and removed, forming a straight-walled through groove;

[0012] S6: When the first nozzle reaches the end position after completing the set trajectory path, the electrolytic power supply connected to it is turned off, and the jet of the first nozzle is turned off. When the second nozzle also reaches the end position after completing the set trajectory path, the second electrolytic power supply connected to it is turned off, and the jet of the second nozzle is turned off to complete the processing.

[0013] The first nozzle and the second nozzle have the same geometric shape, size and material, and the diameter of the liquid outlet is 50-100 μm.

[0014] The jet flow speed of the first nozzle is greater than 10 m / s, and the jet flow speed of the second nozzle is greater than the jet flow speed of the first nozzle by 2 to 5 m / s.

[0015] The voltage value between the two offset nozzles and the workpiece is adjustable.

[0016] The distances between the two offset nozzles and the surface of the workpiece are adjustable.

[0017] The significant advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. High cutting efficiency. On the one hand, jet electrolytic machining utilizes the principle of anode dissolution in conjunction with the flushing effect of a high-speed electrolyte jet, and can be processed at extremely high current density, with a very fast material removal rate. On the other hand, the present invention uses double-sided electrolytic machining, and the machining speed is at least twice that of existing jet machining speed (same current density and electrolyte).

[0019] 2. High cutting precision. The existing jet electrolytic cutting methods are all processed by single-sided cutting, and the cross-section of the formed slit is conical or trapezoidal, which makes it extremely difficult to process high-precision slits with parallel straight walls. This patent adopts two-sided staggered processing of two jet liquid beams. On the basis of optimizing process parameters, it can realize the double-sided jet liquid beam to remove materials without interference and form high-precision parallel straight wall slits.

[0020] 3. Easy to implement, easy to operate, and low cost. The double-sided dislocation jet electrolytic machining method proposed in the present invention can be used to construct a double-sided electrolytic jet machining system by adding a new jet liquid beam and necessary components to the existing conventional jet electrolytic machining equipment, and can also be constructed based on CNC machine tools / CNC platforms after appropriate modification. The entire machining system has a simple structure, is easy to implement, easy to control, simple to maintain, easy to operate, and has a low process cost.

[0021] 4. Good applicability and high flexibility. When used, by adjusting different processing parameters such as nozzle diameter, processing voltage, processing gap, etc., through grooves with different groove widths or different cross-sectional shapes can be processed; by changing the running trajectory of the jet liquid beam independently or simultaneously, various shapes such as "S" type, "L" type and other slot structures can be formed. Moreover, the present invention can be applied to the processing of most metal materials, with good applicability and high flexibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of a metal workpiece;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a picture showing the effect of cutting straight grooves using the double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting method;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the effect diagram of cutting an "S"-shaped groove using the double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting method.

[0026] Numbers and names in the figure: 1-1, first electrolytic power source; 2-1, electrolyte circulation and filtration system; 3-1, first nozzle; 4, groove; 3-2, second nozzle; 2-2, electrolyte circulation and filtration system; 1-2, second electrolytic power source; 5, through slot; 6, workpiece; 7, electrolyte DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Combination Figure 2 The processing principle of the "method for cutting metal workpieces by double-sided offset jet electrolysis" described in the present invention is described as follows:

[0028] First, the first nozzle 3-1 starts to move under the drive of the motion control system, and removes the material of the workpiece 6 on one side under the action of electrolysis, removing about 3 / 4 of the material in the thickness direction of the metal workpiece, and forming a groove 4 on the surface of the workpiece 6. After the first nozzle 3-1 moves 5 mm, the second nozzle 3-2 starts to move along the movement trajectory of the nozzle 3-1, and removes material under the action of electrolysis. The function of the second nozzle 3-2 is to etch away the remaining 1 / 4 of the workpiece material on the front and back sides of the groove 4 to form a through groove 5 structure, and smooth the surface of the generated through groove 5 structure under the high-speed electrolyte 7 to form a high-quality micro-groove structure.

[0029] Combination Figure 1 The main implementation steps of the "method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces" described in the present invention are described as follows:

[0030] S1. References Figure 1 , vertically clamp the metal workpiece 6 between the first nozzle 3-1 and the second nozzle 3-2, adjust the spatial position of the first nozzle 3-1 and the second nozzle 3-2, make the first nozzle 3-1 300μm away from the metal workpiece, and the second nozzle 3-2 250μm away from the workpiece, and adjust the offset spacing between the first nozzle 3-1 and the second nozzle 3-2 to 5mm.

[0031] S2. Connect the first nozzle 3-1 to the electrolyte circulation filtration system 2-1, connect the second nozzle 3-2 to the electrolyte circulation filtration system 2-2, start the two electrolyte circulation filtration systems at the same time, and adjust the supply pressures of the first nozzle 3-1 and the second nozzle 3-2 respectively, so that the electrolyte flow rate in the first nozzle 3-1 is 10m / s, and the electrolyte flow rate in the second nozzle 3-2 is 15m / s.

[0032] S3, the first nozzle 3-1 and the second nozzle 3-2 are respectively connected to the negative poles of the first electrolytic power supply 1-1 and the second electrolytic power supply 1-2, the workpiece 6 is respectively connected to the positive poles of the first electrolytic power supply 1-1 and the second electrolytic power supply 1-2, and the processing parameters of the two electrolytic power supplies are respectively set.

[0033] S4. Use the motion control system to drive the first nozzle 3-1 to start moving at a uniform speed along a predetermined trajectory. At the same time, start the first electrolytic power supply 1-1 with a set voltage value. At this time, the workpiece material on one side of the first nozzle 3-1 forms a deep groove 4 under the action of electrolysis. After the first nozzle 3-1 moves about 5 mm away from the second nozzle 3-2, start the movement of the second nozzle 3-2 to make it move along the trajectory of the first nozzle 3-1 with the same trajectory and speed. At the same time, start the second electrolytic power supply 1-2 with a set voltage value, and the workpiece material on the front and back sides of the groove 4 is completely dissolved to form a through groove 5.

[0034] S5. When the nozzle completes the movement, the electrolyte circulation filtration system 2-1 and the first electrolysis power supply 1-1 are turned off. When the second nozzle 3-2 completes the designed route and reaches the end position, the electrolyte circulation filtration system 2-2 and the second electrolysis power supply 1-2 are turned off. The processing is completed, the workpiece is unloaded and cleaned.

Claims

1. A method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: vertically fixing a planar metal workpiece (6) between a first nozzle (3-1) and a second nozzle (3-2), wherein the first nozzle (3-1) is connected to a first electrolyte circulation filtration system (2-1), and the second nozzle (3-2) is connected to a second electrolyte circulation filtration system (2-2); S2: adjusting the spatial positions of the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2), adjusting the distances between the ends of the liquid outlets of the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) and the surface of the workpiece (6) to a set value, and adjusting the heights of the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) from the lower edge of the workpiece (6) to a set value, and both the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) are perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece (6); S3: The first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) are electrically connected to the negative electrodes of the first electrolysis power source (1-1) and the second electrolysis power source (1-2), respectively, and the workpiece (6) is electrically connected to the positive electrodes of the first electrolysis power source (1-1) and the second electrolysis power source (1-2); S4: starting the first electrolyte circulation filtration system (2-1) and the second electrolyte circulation filtration system (2-2), at which time the electrolyte (10) is sprayed from the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) in the form of a beam toward the two surfaces of the workpiece (6), and the beam flow speed of each of the two nozzles is adjusted to a set value; S5: driving the first nozzle (3-1) to perform a uniform scanning motion relative to the workpiece (6) along a set trajectory path from the starting position, and at the same time, starting the first electrolytic power supply (1-1) with a set voltage value. At this time, the material on the left side of the workpiece (6) is dissolved and removed under the combined action of the electric field and the beam electrolyte, and a groove (4) is formed along the motion trajectory path of the first nozzle (3-1). After the first nozzle (3-1) runs for a period of time and is 10 to 15 mm away from the second nozzle (3-2), the second nozzle (3-2) is driven to perform a uniform scanning motion relative to the workpiece (6) along the same motion trajectory path and the same motion speed as the first nozzle (3-1) from the starting position. At the same time, starting the second electrolytic power supply (1-2) with a set voltage value. At this time, the material on the right side of the workpiece (6) opposite to the groove (4) is completely dissolved and removed, forming a straight-walled through groove (5); S6: When the first nozzle (3-1) reaches the end position after completing the set trajectory path, the first electrolysis power supply (1-1) is turned off, and the jet of the first nozzle (3-1) is turned off; when the second nozzle (3-2) also reaches the end position after completing the set trajectory path, the second electrolysis power supply (1-2) is turned off, and the jet of the second nozzle (3-2) is turned off, and the processing is completed.

2. The method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) have the same geometric shape, size and material, and the diameter of their liquid outlets is 50 to 100 μm.

3. The method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet flow velocity of the first nozzle (3-1) is greater than 10 m / s, and the jet flow velocity of the second nozzle (3-2) is greater than the jet flow velocity of the first nozzle (3-1) by 2 to 5 m / s.

4. The method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage value between the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) and the workpiece (6) is adjustable.

5. The method for double-sided offset jet electrolytic cutting of metal workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distances between the first nozzle (3-1) and the second nozzle (3-2) and the surface of the workpiece (6) are adjustable.

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