Method and system for overheat protection of supercapacitors

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method and system for overheat protection of a super capacitor, the method comprising obtaining a surface temperature of the super capacitor and a charge-discharge current of a charge-discharge process of the super capacitor; decomposing the charge-discharge current in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; obtaining a target heat of the charge-discharge process based on the charge-discharge current of each frequency band and an equivalent series resistance of the super capacitor corresponding to the frequency band; calculating a first internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time based on the surface temperature, the target heat and a thermal time constant, and stopping charging and discharging the super capacitor if the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold. According to the method of the present disclosure, the internal temperature of the super capacitor can be accurately obtained, so that the super capacitor can be timely protected from overheating.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy storage system management, and particularly relates to a super capacitor overheat protection method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the power system, energy storage technology plays a huge role in the fields of "source, network, load, and use". Traditional energy storage technology mainly uses lithium ion batteries for energy storage. However, lithium ion batteries have problems such as short cycle life, poor safety performance, and low power density, which seriously affect the quality and economy of energy storage projects. Compared with lithium ion batteries, super capacitors have the advantages of fast charging and discharging speed, high power density, long cycle life, and high safety performance, which makes super capacitors a new choice for power frequency modulation technology.

[0003] In actual work, super capacitors will generate a large amount of heat, and the heat generation is related to Joule heat. For example, for a 2600F super capacitor, even if the equivalent series resistance value is lower than 0.4mΩ, repeated charging and discharging of the super capacitor will still cause obvious heating. The increase in temperature caused by heating will have the following effects: (1) deterioration of super capacitor performance, especially equivalent series resistance, self-discharge, and life, which will affect the reliability and electrochemical performance of the capacitor; (2) increase in internal pressure of the super capacitor; (3) repeated heating and significant temperature changes will accelerate the oxidation of the metal electrode, resulting in an increase in contact resistance; (4) if the temperature exceeds the boiling point of the electrolyte, it will cause evaporation of the electrolyte and damage to the super capacitor. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the super capacitor from overheating during operation.

[0004] The prior art mainly uses a temperature sensor to detect the surface temperature of the super capacitor to achieve temperature safety detection of the super capacitor. However, the internal temperature of the super capacitor is generally higher than the surface temperature, and it is not possible to install a sensor inside the super capacitor. Therefore, the existing detection method cannot accurately obtain the internal temperature of the super capacitor, resulting in low accuracy of the existing temperature detection method and inability to timely protect the super capacitor from overheating. SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides a super capacitor overheat protection method and system, which is mainly aimed at accurately obtaining the internal temperature of the super capacitor, so as to timely protect the super capacitor from overheating.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a super capacitor overheat protection method is provided, comprising:

[0007] obtaining the surface temperature of the super capacitor and the charging and discharging current of the charging and discharging process of the super capacitor;

[0008] The charging and discharging current is decomposed in a frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands;

[0009] A target heat of the charging and discharging process is obtained based on the charging and discharging current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band.

[0010] A first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat and a thermal time constant, and if the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold, the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is stopped.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calculation of the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment based on the surface temperature, the target heat and the thermal time constant comprises: setting a detection time interval, the surface temperature being set as the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at an initial moment, and defining a previous moment as the current moment minus the detection time interval; and using a recursive algorithm to calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment, wherein the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat and the thermal time constant.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat and the thermal time constant, comprising: obtaining a first ratio based on the detection time interval and the thermal time constant; and calculating the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment based on the first ratio, the target heat and the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, after the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is stopped, the method further comprises: refrigerating the supercapacitor, and in the refrigeration process, calculating a second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment, and if the second internal temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, stopping the refrigeration, the second temperature threshold being less than the first temperature threshold.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the refrigeration process, the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated, comprising: using a recursive algorithm to calculate the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment, wherein the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment and a thermal time constant.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time and a thermal time constant, including: weighting the thermal time constant, obtaining a second ratio based on the weighted thermal time constant and the detection time interval; and calculating the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time based on the first ratio, the second ratio and the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time.

[0016] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, a super capacitor overheat protection system is also provided, including:

[0017] a temperature sensor and a capacitor management system;

[0018] The temperature sensor is configured to collect a surface temperature of the super capacitor.

[0019] The capacitor management system is configured to obtain a charge-discharge current of a charge-discharge process of the super capacitor, decompose the charge-discharge current in a frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands, obtain a target heat of the charge-discharge process based on the charge-discharge current of each frequency band and an equivalent series resistance of the super capacitor corresponding to the frequency band, and calculate a first internal temperature of the super capacitor at a current time based on the surface temperature, the target heat and a thermal time constant. If the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge is stopped and the super capacitor is cooled.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the capacitor management system calculates the first internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time based on the surface temperature, the target heat and the thermal time constant, the capacitor management system is specifically configured to set a detection time interval, set the surface temperature as the first internal temperature of the super capacitor at an initial time, define a last time as the current time minus the detection time interval, and calculate the first internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time by using a recursive algorithm, wherein the first internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time, the target heat and the thermal time constant.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the super capacitor overheat protection system further includes a cooling system, the cooling system is configured to cool the super capacitor after the super capacitor stops the charge-discharge, and the capacitor management system is further configured to calculate a second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time during the cooling process, and stop the cooling if the second internal temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, wherein the second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold.

[0022] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, which comprises at least one processor and a memory connected with the at least one processor in communication; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the overheat protection method of the supercapacitor according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor and the charge-discharge current of the charge-discharge process of the supercapacitor are obtained; the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on the charge-discharge current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band; the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat and the thermal time constant, and if the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped. In this case, the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on each frequency band, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat and the thermal time constant, and if the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped, so that the internal temperature of the supercapacitor can be accurately obtained, and the overheat protection of the supercapacitor can be timely performed.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart of an overheat protection method of a supercapacitor is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 A flowchart of another overheat protection method of a supercapacitor is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an overheat protection system of a supercapacitor is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another overheat protection system of a supercapacitor is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5is a block diagram of an electronic device for implementing a method for over-heat protection of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same or similar components are designated by the same or similar reference numerals throughout the drawings, and repeated description thereof will be omitted. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all the technical features of the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples in which the apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0032] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Illustrative expressions of the above terms in the present specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Also, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0033] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for the purpose of description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present disclosure, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present disclosure means and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0034] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present disclosure, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0035] In practical operation, supercapacitors experience significant internal temperature fluctuations under conditions of high current or drastic temperature changes, often exceeding the surface temperature. If the temperature surpasses permissible limits, the supercapacitor's lifespan will accelerate. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the supercapacitor's internal temperature is crucial. However, since the internal temperature cannot be directly measured and must be estimated by measuring the surface temperature, the initial value of the internal temperature is unknown, and the error increases over time. Consequently, current technology lacks an overheat protection method for supercapacitors that can accurately determine their internal temperature.

[0036] This disclosure provides a method and system for overheat protection of supercapacitors, the main purpose of which is to accurately obtain the internal temperature of the supercapacitor, thereby enabling timely overheat protection of the supercapacitor.

[0037] In the first embodiment, Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a flow chart of an overheat protection method for a supercapacitor provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown. Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the overheat protection method for this supercapacitor includes:

[0038] Step S101: Obtain the surface temperature of the supercapacitor and the charging and discharging current of the supercapacitor during the charging and discharging process.

[0039] In step S101, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor can be acquired in real time by a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is placed on the surface of the supercapacitor.

[0040] In step S101, the charging and discharging current of the supercapacitor during the charging and discharging process can be detected in real time by the Capacitor Management System (CMS). The charging and discharging process includes the charging process and the discharging process.

[0041] Step S102: The charging and discharging current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain multiple frequency bands.

[0042] In step S102, considering that the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor decreases rapidly with increasing frequency, the charging and discharging current of the supercapacitor is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain multiple frequency bands. These frequency bands are determined based on the variation of the supercapacitor's equivalent series resistance with frequency, corresponding to the division of the charging and discharging current into appropriate frequency ranges.

[0043] In some embodiments, for example, the charging current of the supercapacitor during the charging process can be decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain multiple frequency bands.

[0044] In some embodiments, the multiple frequency bands can be, for example, three bands: a low-frequency band (less than 0.01 Hz), a mid-frequency band (0.01 Hz to 10 Hz), and a high-frequency band (greater than 10 Hz). Specifically, the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor is 1 Ω for the low-frequency band (less than 0.01 Hz), 0.1 Ω for the mid-frequency band (0.01 Hz to 10 Hz), and 0.05 Ω for the high-frequency band (greater than 10 Hz).

[0045] Step S103: Obtain the target heat of the charging and discharging process based on the charging and discharging current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor in the corresponding frequency band.

[0046] In step S103, based on the multiple frequency bands divided in step S102, the effective value of the charging and discharging current for each frequency band is calculated. The effective value of the charging and discharging current for each frequency band can, for example, be the average value of the charging and discharging current for the corresponding frequency band.

[0047] In step S103, based on the multiple frequency bands divided in step S102, the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor in each frequency band is determined.

[0048] In step S103, the heat generated by the supercapacitor (i.e., the heat generated by the charging and discharging current through the equivalent series resistance) is calculated in each frequency band. Then, the heat generated in each frequency band is summed to obtain the target heat for the charging and discharging process. The target heat can be represented by the symbol P. heat express.

[0049] In some embodiments, if the effective value of the charging and discharging current in the low-frequency band (less than 0.01Hz) is 100A, the effective value of the charging and discharging current in the mid-frequency band (0.01Hz to 10Hz) is 10A, and the effective value of the charging and discharging current in the high-frequency band (greater than 10Hz) is 1A; if the equivalent series resistance in the low-frequency band (less than 0.01Hz) is 1Ω, the equivalent series resistance in the mid-frequency band (0.01Hz to 10Hz) is 0.1Ω, and the equivalent series resistance in the high-frequency band (greater than 10Hz) is 0.05Ω; the heat generated by the charging and discharging current passing through the equivalent series resistance is calculated in each of the three frequency bands, and then the heat generated in the three frequency bands is summed to obtain the target heat generated during the charging and discharging process, i.e., P. heat =100 2 ×1+10 2 ×0.1+1 2 ×0.05=10010.05W.

[0050] Step S104: Calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment based on the surface temperature, target heat, and thermal time constant. If the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, stop charging and discharging the supercapacitor.

[0051] In the embodiment, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat and the thermal time constant, comprising: setting a detection time interval, the surface temperature being set as the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at an initial moment, and defining the previous moment as the current moment minus the detection time interval; and using a recursive algorithm to calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment, wherein the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat and the thermal time constant.

[0052] In the embodiment, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat and the thermal time constant, comprising: obtaining a first ratio based on the detection time interval and the thermal time constant; and calculating the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment based on the first ratio, the target heat and the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment.

[0053] Specifically, in step S104, the surface temperature can be a transient temperature measured on the surface of the supercapacitor before the supercapacitor is powered on (i.e., before entering the charging and discharging process). At this time, the supercapacitor has just started, and the supercapacitor has not yet generated heat, so the surface temperature can be considered as the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the initial moment of the charging and discharging process (i.e., the initial value of the internal temperature). The surface temperature can be denoted by the symbol T0. Let the initial value of the internal temperature of the supercapacitor be H(t0) = T0. Then, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated using a recursive algorithm, i.e.,

[0054]

[0055] wherein t i is the current moment of the charging and discharging process, T is the detection time interval, H(t i ) is the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment, H(t i -T) is the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, τ th is the thermal time constant, v th =R th C th , C th is the specific heat of the supercapacitor, and C th =C P ×m, wherein C P is the specific heat capacity of the supercapacitor, and m is the mass of the supercapacitor. is the first ratio, and R th is the equivalent thermal resistance of the supercapacitor. If the supercapacitor is composed of multiple layers (e.g., n layers), the thermal resistance of the nth layer is R th,nR th is the equivalent thermal impedance of the supercapacitor wherein the thermal impedance of each layer is an inherent property of the supercapacitor material and can be provided by the manufacturer of the material.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first temperature threshold can be, for example, 60℃. If the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time reaches the first temperature threshold, the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor is stopped to avoid overheating of the supercapacitor.

[0057] Figure 2 A flowchart of another method for protecting a supercapacitor from overheating is shown. Figure 2 The method for protecting a supercapacitor from overheating includes:

[0058] At step S201, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor and the charging and discharging current of the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor are obtained.

[0059] The specific process is described above in step S101, which will not be repeated here.

[0060] At step S202, the charging and discharging current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands.

[0061] The specific process is described above in step S102, which will not be repeated here.

[0062] At step S203, the target heat of the charging and discharging process is obtained based on the charging and discharging current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band.

[0063] The specific process is described above in step S103, which will not be repeated here.

[0064] At step S204, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant. If the first internal temperature reaches a first temperature threshold, the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is stopped.

[0065] The specific process is described above in step S104, which will not be repeated here.

[0066] At step S205, the supercapacitor is cooled, and the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated during the cooling process. If the second internal temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, the cooling is stopped. The second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold.

[0067] In step S205, the supercapacitor whose charging and discharging is stopped in step S204 can be cooled by a cooling system. Thus, the ambient temperature can be further reduced to avoid overheating of the supercapacitor.

[0068] In step S205, the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is calculated during the refrigeration process, including: the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is calculated by using a recursive algorithm, wherein the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time and a thermal time constant.

[0069] In step S205, the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time and a thermal time constant, including: the thermal time constant is weighted, a second ratio is obtained based on the weighted thermal time constant and the detection time interval; the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is calculated based on the first ratio, the second ratio and the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time.

[0070] Specifically, in step S205, the initial value of the second internal temperature of the super capacitor during the refrigeration process (i.e. the second internal temperature at the initial time of the refrigeration process) is the first internal temperature corresponding to the time when the super capacitor stops charging and discharging in step S204, and then the detection time interval T is continued, and then the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is calculated by using a recursive algorithm, i.e.

[0071]

[0072] Wherein, t j is the current time of the refrigeration process, T is the detection time interval, H(t j ) is the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time, H(t j -T) is the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the last time, τ th2 is the weighted thermal time constant, τ th2 = 2 x τ th , is the second ratio.

[0073] In some embodiments, the second temperature threshold can be, for example, 30℃. If the second internal temperature of the super capacitor at the current time is less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the refrigeration is stopped.

[0074] In some embodiments, for example, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor is 30°C before the supercapacitor is powered on, the initial value of the internal temperature of the supercapacitor is H(t0) = T0 = 30°C, and the charging current is decomposed in the frequency domain when the supercapacitor is charging, the effective value of the charging current in the low frequency band (less than 0.01 Hz) is 100 A, the effective value of the charging current in the medium frequency band (0.01 Hz-10 Hz) is 10 A, and the effective value of the charging current in the high frequency band (greater than 10 Hz) is 1 A. If the equivalent series resistance in the low frequency band (less than 0.01 Hz) is 1 Ω, the equivalent series resistance in the medium frequency band (0.01 Hz-10 Hz) is 0.1 Ω, and the equivalent series resistance in the high frequency band (greater than 10 Hz) is 0.05 Ω, the target heat P heat of the charging process is 100 2 ×1+10 2 ×0.1+1 2 ×0.05 = 100 10.05 W, the detection time interval T is 0.5 s, and the thermal time constant τ th is 3600 s. The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the next time point from the initial time point H(t0+T) satisfies When the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time point H(t i ) calculated by the recursive algorithm reaches the first temperature threshold 60°C, the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor is stopped, and then the refrigeration system can be started. The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor when the charging and discharging process is stopped is 60°C, which is the initial value of the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor in the refrigeration process. At this time, the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the next time point from the initial time point of the refrigeration process is When the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time point H(t j ) calculated by the recursive algorithm is less than or equal to the second temperature threshold 30°C, the refrigeration is stopped.

[0075] In other embodiments, considering that the recursive method has a small error, but the error will become larger after continuous accumulation, the overheat protection method of the supercapacitor of the present disclosure can also include stopping the operation of the supercapacitor every certain period of time, and then correcting the internal temperature of the supercapacitor to the surface temperature of the supercapacitor. In this case, after the supercapacitor is stopped regularly, the internal temperature is equal to the surface temperature at this time, and the internal temperature of the supercapacitor is corrected by using the surface temperature of the supercapacitor. Thus, the error caused by the recursive method can be reduced.

[0076] In some embodiments, the overheat protection method of the supercapacitor of the present disclosure can also periodically stop the operation of the supercapacitor, and then correct the internal temperature of the supercapacitor according to the difference between the estimated surface temperature and the measured surface temperature. The estimation method of the surface temperature of the supercapacitor is as follows: The correction of the internal temperature of the supercapacitor is as follows: 校正后 (t j )=H 校正前 (t j )+H 表面实测 (t j )-H 表面估计 (t j ). Thus, the error caused by the recursive method can be reduced.

[0077] In the overheat protection method of the supercapacitor of the present disclosure, the surface temperature of the supercapacitor and the charge-discharge current of the charge-discharge process of the supercapacitor are obtained; the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on the charge-discharge current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band; the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant; and if the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped. In this case, the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on each frequency band; the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant; and if the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped. Thus, the internal temperature of the supercapacitor can be accurately obtained, and the supercapacitor can be timely protected from overheating. In addition, the overheat protection method of the present disclosure can also cool the supercapacitor that stops charging at the first temperature threshold by a refrigeration system, so as to reduce the ambient temperature and further protect the supercapacitor from overheating.

[0078] Figure 3 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an overheat protection system of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another overheat protection system of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0079] The following is a system embodiment of the present disclosure, which can be used to execute the method embodiments of the present disclosure. For details not disclosed in the system embodiments of the present disclosure, please refer to the method embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3A schematic diagram of a supercapacitor overheat protection system is shown. The supercapacitor overheat protection system 10 includes a temperature sensor 11 and a capacitor management system 12, wherein:

[0081] The temperature sensor 11 is configured to collect the surface temperature of the supercapacitor.

[0082] The capacitor management system 12 is configured to obtain the charge and discharge current of the supercapacitor during the charge and discharge process, decompose the charge and discharge current in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands, obtain the target heat of the charge and discharge process based on the charge and discharge current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band, calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant, and stop the charge and discharge and cool the supercapacitor if the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold.

[0083] Optionally, when the capacitor management system 12 is configured to calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant, it is specifically configured to set a detection time interval, set the surface temperature as the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the initial time, and define the previous time as the current time minus the detection time interval; and calculate the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time using a recursive algorithm, wherein the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous time, the target heat, and the thermal time constant.

[0084] In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 4 The supercapacitor overheat protection system 10 further includes a cooling system 13.

[0085] In some embodiments, the cooling system 13 is configured to cool the supercapacitor after the supercapacitor stops charging and discharging; and the capacitor management system is further configured to calculate the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time during the cooling process, and stop cooling if the second internal temperature is less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, wherein the second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold.

[0086] It should be noted that the above description of the supercapacitor overheat protection method is also applicable to the supercapacitor overheat protection system of this embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] In the overheat protection system of the supercapacitor according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature sensor acquires the surface temperature of the supercapacitor, the capacitance management system acquires the charge-discharge current of the charge-discharge process of the supercapacitor, and the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on the charge-discharge current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor corresponding to the frequency band; the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant, and if the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped. In this case, the charge-discharge current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain a plurality of frequency bands; the target heat of the charge-discharge process is obtained based on each frequency band, the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current time is calculated based on the surface temperature, the target heat, and the thermal time constant, and if the first internal temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, the charge-discharge of the supercapacitor is stopped, so that the internal temperature of the supercapacitor can be accurately obtained, and the supercapacitor can be timely overheat protected. In addition, the overheat protection system of the present disclosure also cools the supercapacitor stopped at the first temperature threshold by the refrigeration system, so that the ambient temperature can be reduced, and the supercapacitor can be further overheat protected.

[0088] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0089] Figure 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device for implementing the overheat protection method of the supercapacitor according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, tablets, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular telephones, smart phones, wearable electronic devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown in the present disclosure, the connections and relationships between the components, and the functions of the components are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed in the present disclosure.

[0090] As shown in Figure 5 , the electronic device 20 includes a computing unit 21 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes in accordance with a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 22 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 28 into a random access memory (RAM) 23. In the RAM 23, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 20 can also be stored. The computing unit 21, the ROM 22, and the RAM 23 are connected to each other through a bus 24. An input / output (I / O) interface 25 is also connected to the bus 24.

[0091] A plurality of components in the electronic device 20 are connected to the I / O interface 25, including: an input unit 26, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 27, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 28, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., which is communicatively connected with the computing unit 21; and a communication unit 29, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 29 allows the electronic device 20 to exchange information / data with other electronic devices through a computer network, such as the Internet, and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0092] The computing unit 21 can be various general and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 21 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 21 performs various methods and processes described above, such as performing the overheat protection method for supercapacitors. For example, in some embodiments, the overheat protection method for supercapacitors can be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly embodied in a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 28. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto the electronic device 20 via the ROM 22 and / or the communication unit 29. When the computer program is loaded onto the RAM 23 and executed by the computing unit 21, one or more steps of the overheat protection method for supercapacitors described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 21 can be configured to perform the overheat protection method for supercapacitors by other any appropriate means, such as by means of firmware.

[0093] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above in this disclosure can be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on a chip (SOC), a programmable logic electronic device (CPLD), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations can include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

[0094] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, produces the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The program code can be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, partially on a machine as a standalone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0095] In the present disclosure, a machine readable medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or electronic device. The machine readable medium can be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. The machine readable medium can include, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or electronic device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium can include, but not limited to, an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0096] To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

[0097] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described herein), or any combination of such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, and a blockchain network.

[0098] The computer system can include clients and servers. The clients and the servers are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server is one of communication and distribution, with the server receiving requests from the client and transmitting data to the client. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a host product in the cloud computing service system, to solve the defects of large management difficulty and weak business scalability in traditional physical host and VPS (Virtual Private Server, or VPS for short) services. The server can also be a server of a distributed system, or a server combined with a blockchain.

[0099] It should be understood that various forms of flow shown above can be used to reorder, add, or remove steps. For example, each step described in the present disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure can be achieved, and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0100] The above detailed description does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for overheat protection of a supercapacitor, characterized in that, include: The surface temperature of the supercapacitor and the charging and discharging current of the supercapacitor during the charging and discharging process are obtained. The charging and discharging current is decomposed in the frequency domain to obtain multiple frequency bands; The target heat of the charging and discharging process is obtained based on the charging and discharging current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor of the corresponding frequency band. The detection time interval is set, the surface temperature is set to the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the initial moment, and the previous moment is defined as the current moment minus the detection time interval; The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated using a recursive algorithm, wherein the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat, and the thermal time constant. If the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment reaches a first temperature threshold, the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor is stopped. The specific calculation process for calculating the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment using a recursive algorithm is as follows: Among them, t i H(t) represents the current moment of the charging / discharging process, T represents the detection time interval, and H(t) represents the current moment of the charging / discharging process. i H(t) represents the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment. i -T) represents the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, τ th τ is the thermal time constant. th =R th C th C th For the specific heat of a supercapacitor, R th C is the equivalent thermal impedance of the supercapacitor. th =C P ×m, where C P is the specific heat capacity of the supercapacitor, and m is the mass of the supercapacitor. As the first ratio, P heat This refers to the target heat generated during the charging and discharging process of a supercapacitor.

2. The overheat protection method for a supercapacitor as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat, and the thermal time constant, including: A first ratio is obtained based on the detection time interval and the thermal time constant; The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated based on the first ratio, the target heat, and the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment.

3. The overheat protection method for a supercapacitor as described in claim 2, characterized in that, After stopping the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor, the process also includes: The supercapacitor is cooled. During the cooling process, the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated. If the second internal temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, the cooling is stopped. The second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold.

4. The overheat protection method for a supercapacitor as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment during the cooling process includes: The second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated using a recursive algorithm, wherein the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment and the thermal time constant.

5. The overheat protection method for a supercapacitor as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment and the thermal time constant, including: The thermal time constant is weighted, and a second ratio is obtained based on the weighted thermal time constant and the detection time interval; The second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated based on the first ratio, the second ratio, and the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment.

6. An overheat protection system for a supercapacitor, characterized in that, include: Temperature sensor and capacitor management system; The temperature sensor is used to collect the surface temperature of the supercapacitor; The capacitor management system is used to acquire the charging and discharging current of the supercapacitor during the charging and discharging process, and to decompose the charging and discharging current in the frequency domain to obtain multiple frequency bands; to obtain the target heat of the charging and discharging process based on the charging and discharging current of each frequency band and the equivalent series resistance of the supercapacitor in the corresponding frequency band; to set a detection time interval, wherein the surface temperature is set to the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the initial moment, and the previous moment is defined as the current moment minus the detection time interval. The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is calculated using a recursive algorithm. The first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment is obtained based on the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, the target heat, and the thermal time constant. If the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment reaches the first temperature threshold, charging and discharging are stopped and the supercapacitor is cooled. Specifically, the calculation process for the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment using a recursive algorithm is as follows: Among them, t i H(t) represents the current moment of the charging / discharging process, T represents the detection time interval, and H(t) represents the current moment of the charging / discharging process. i H(t) represents the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment. i -T) represents the first internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the previous moment, τ th τ is the thermal time constant. th =R th C th C th For the specific heat of a supercapacitor, R th C is the equivalent thermal impedance of the supercapacitor. th =C P ×m, where C P is the specific heat capacity of the supercapacitor, and m is the mass of the supercapacitor. As the first ratio, P heat This refers to the target heat generated during the charging and discharging process of a supercapacitor.

7. The overheat protection system for a supercapacitor as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The overheat protection system of the supercapacitor also includes a refrigeration system; The cooling system is used to cool the supercapacitor after it stops charging and discharging. The capacitor management system is also used to calculate the second internal temperature of the supercapacitor at the current moment during the cooling process. If the second internal temperature is less than or equal to a second temperature threshold, then the cooling is stopped. The second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enables the at least one processor to perform the overheat protection method for the supercapacitor according to any one of claims 1-5.

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