Virtual model rendering method, device, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a virtual model rendering method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method includes: obtaining a color map corresponding to the virtual model, wherein the color map stores luminance information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map; extracting luminance information from the color map; wherein the luminance information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map; converting the luminance information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector; and rendering the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect. In an embodiment of the present invention, the luminance information of the normal map is pre-configured in the color map, so that during the rendering process, only the color map needs to be loaded, and no normal map needs to be loaded, thereby reducing the rendering power consumption of the rendering process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a virtual model rendering method, a virtual model rendering device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Normal mapping can render details similar to those of high-polygon models on relatively low-polygon models. More importantly, it can achieve stunning results without placing excessive load on computer hardware. As a result, normal mapping technology has gained widespread popularity and application in industries such as gaming, animation, and virtual reality.

[0003] Currently, normal maps typically use multiple channels to record the components of the normal vector. For example, to create a flashcard effect with a planar crystal structure with distinct geometric blocks, a normal map is typically created. The RG channels in the normal map are then used to record the orientation of the normals for each block. This normal map then provides the normals for subsequent thin film calculations, achieving the desired flashcard effect.

[0004] However, using the above rendering method, the normal map needs to be loaded during the rendering process, and the model is rendered based on the normal vectors recorded in the two channels of the normal map, which brings more rendering power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a virtual model rendering method, device, electronic device and computer-readable storage medium to solve the problem of needing to load a normal map during the rendering process and rendering the model based on the normal vectors recorded in two channels in the normal map, which brings more rendering power consumption.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a virtual model rendering method, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining a color map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, and the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0008] Extracting the brightness information from the color map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness and darkness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0009] Converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0010] The virtual model is rendered based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0011] Optionally, obtaining a color map corresponding to the virtual model includes:

[0012] Obtaining an initial image and a color map; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0013] Performing lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map;

[0014] The brightness information stored in the single channel of the normal map is configured in the single channel of the color map.

[0015] Optionally, extracting the brightness information from the color map includes:

[0016] The luminance information is extracted from a single channel of the color map.

[0017] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector includes:

[0018] Converting the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0019] Calculating the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0020] A normal vector of the virtual model is determined according to the function value.

[0021] Optionally, determining the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value includes:

[0022] Obtaining the normal strength corresponding to the normal map;

[0023] The normal vector of the virtual model is calculated using normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0024] Optionally, after obtaining the virtual model with a flash card effect, the method further includes:

[0025] In response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength, determining an adjusted normal strength;

[0026] The adjusted normal strength is used as the normal strength, and the step of calculating the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization based on the function value and the normal strength is returned to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0027] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a virtual model rendering method, comprising:

[0028] Obtaining a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0029] Extracting brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0030] Converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0031] The virtual model is rendered based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0032] Optionally, obtaining a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model includes:

[0033] Acquire an initial image; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0034] The initial image is subjected to lattice processing to obtain a normal map.

[0035] Optionally, extracting the brightness information from the normal map includes:

[0036] The luminance information is extracted from a single channel of the normal map.

[0037] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector includes:

[0038] Converting the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0039] Calculating the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0040] A normal vector of the virtual model is determined according to the function value.

[0041] Optionally, determining the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value includes:

[0042] Obtaining the normal strength corresponding to the normal map;

[0043] The normal vector of the virtual model is calculated using normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0044] Optionally, after obtaining the virtual model with a flash card effect, the method further includes:

[0045] In response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength, determining an adjusted normal strength;

[0046] The adjusted normal strength is used as the normal strength, and the step of calculating the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization based on the function value and the normal strength is returned to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a virtual model rendering device, comprising:

[0048] An image acquisition module is used to acquire a color map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, and the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0049] a brightness extraction module, configured to extract the brightness information from the color map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0050] A normal conversion module, used to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0051] A model rendering module is used to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0052] Optionally, the image acquisition module includes:

[0053] An image acquisition submodule is used to acquire an initial image and a color map; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0054] An image processing submodule, configured to perform lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map;

[0055] The information configuration submodule is used to configure the brightness information stored in the single channel of the normal map into the single channel of the color map.

[0056] Optionally, the brightness extraction module includes:

[0057] The information extraction submodule is used to extract the brightness information from a single channel of the color map.

[0058] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and the normal conversion module includes:

[0059] An angle conversion submodule, configured to convert the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0060] A numerical calculation submodule, used to calculate the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0061] The vector determination submodule is used to determine the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value.

[0062] Optionally, the vector determination submodule includes:

[0063] an intensity acquisition unit, configured to acquire the normal intensity corresponding to the normal map;

[0064] A vector calculation unit is used to calculate the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0065] Optionally, it also includes:

[0066] a strength adjustment unit, configured to determine an adjusted normal strength in response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength;

[0067] The effect adjustment unit is used to use the adjusted normal strength as the normal strength and return it to the vector calculation unit to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0068] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a virtual model rendering device, comprising:

[0069] An image acquisition module is used to acquire a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0070] a brightness extraction module, configured to extract brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0071] A normal conversion module, used to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0072] A model rendering module is used to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0073] Optionally, the image acquisition module includes:

[0074] An image acquisition submodule is used to acquire an initial image; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0075] The image processing submodule is used to perform lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map.

[0076] Optionally, the brightness extraction module includes:

[0077] The brightness extraction submodule is used to extract the brightness information from a single channel of the normal map.

[0078] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and the normal conversion module includes:

[0079] An angle conversion submodule, configured to convert the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0080] A numerical calculation submodule, used to calculate the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0081] The vector determination submodule is used to determine the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value.

[0082] Optionally, the vector determination submodule includes:

[0083] an intensity acquisition unit, configured to acquire the normal intensity corresponding to the normal map;

[0084] A vector calculation unit is used to calculate the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0085] Optionally, it also includes:

[0086] a strength adjustment unit, configured to determine an adjusted normal strength in response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength;

[0087] The effect adjustment unit is used to use the adjusted normal strength as the normal strength and return it to the vector calculation unit to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0088] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses an electronic device, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0089] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0090] The processor is configured to implement the method described in the embodiment of the present invention when executing the program stored in the memory.

[0091] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon. When executed by one or more processors, the processors are enabled to execute the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] The embodiments of the present invention include the following advantages: the normal vector corresponding to the virtual model is indirectly recorded through the brightness information of the normal map. Compared with the solution of recording the normal direction of each block through the RG channel in the normal map, the channels for recording the normal vectors in the normal map are reduced. Therefore, the brightness information of the normal map can be configured in the color mapping map in advance, so that during the rendering process, only the color mapping map needs to be loaded, and there is no need to load the normal map, thereby reducing the rendering power consumption of the rendering process.

[0093] In addition, since the color map is required in the virtual model rendering process, the brightness information of the normal map is stored in the color map, which reduces the loading of the normal map and reduces the size of the overall rendering package. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a geometric block surface model in the prior art;

[0095] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the steps of a virtual model rendering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 3 is a flowchart of another virtual model rendering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 4 is an initial image of a normal map provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an initial image lattice processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 6 is a normal map provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram before and after rendering of a flash card provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of another method for rendering a virtual model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 9 is a structural block diagram of a virtual model rendering device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of another virtual model rendering device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0104] Figure 11 The figure is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0105] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0106] In one embodiment of the present invention, the virtual model rendering method can be run on a local terminal device or a server. When the virtual model rendering method is run on a server, the virtual model rendering method can be implemented and executed based on a cloud interaction system, wherein the cloud interaction system includes a server and a client device.

[0107] In an optional embodiment, various cloud applications can be run under the cloud interaction system, such as cloud games. Taking cloud games as an example, cloud games refer to a gaming method based on cloud computing. In the cloud game operation mode, the operating body of the game program and the main body of the game screen presentation are separated. The storage and operation of the virtual model rendering method are completed on the cloud game server. The role of the client device is to receive and send data and present the game screen. For example, the client device can be a display device with data transmission function close to the user side, such as a first terminal device, a TV, a computer, a handheld computer, etc.; but the virtual model rendering method is performed by the cloud game server in the cloud. When playing the game, the player operates the client device to send operation instructions to the cloud game server. The cloud game server runs the game according to the operation instructions, encodes and compresses the game screen and other data, and returns it to the client device through the network. Finally, the client device decodes and outputs the game screen.

[0108] In an optional embodiment, taking a game as an example, a local terminal device stores a game program and is used to present the game screen. The local terminal device is used to interact with the player through a graphical user interface, that is, conventionally downloading and installing the game program through an electronic device and running it. The local terminal device can provide the graphical user interface to the player in a variety of ways, for example, it can be rendered and displayed on the terminal's display screen, or provided to the player through holographic projection. For example, the local terminal device may include a display screen and a processor, the display screen is used to present the graphical user interface, the graphical user interface includes the game screen, and the processor is used to run the game, generate the graphical user interface, and control the display of the graphical user interface on the display screen.

[0109] Currently, when traditional solutions are used to create a flash card effect with a planar crystal structure that has obvious geometric blocks, it is usually necessary to create a normal map to record the normal orientation of each block. Only then can the normals in each direction be obtained from the normal map to participate in subsequent thin film calculations and obtain the desired flash card effect.

[0110] In order to obtain the normal direction information of each block, the staff needs to make a model of the geometric block surface (refer to Figure 1 , showing a schematic diagram of a geometric block model in the prior art) acts as a high poly model, and the high poly model is topologically modified to obtain a low poly model. The high poly model and the low poly model are baked to obtain a normal map, so that the normal information can be obtained from the normal map and brought into the subsequent thin film interference calculation to render the desired flash card effect.

[0111] However, the above method has the following problems: 1) It is necessary to build a geometric block model first, and use the height information of the model to bake the normal map, so as to obtain the orientation information of the normal in all directions, which greatly increases the art production cost; 2) During the rendering process, the original normal orientation information requires two channels to record the normal orientation information, which brings more rendering power consumption; 3) In order to obtain the normal map in the rendering project, a separate normal map is required, which increases the size of the rendering package.

[0112] Based on this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a virtual model rendering method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0113] Reference Figure 2 , shows a flowchart of a virtual model rendering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0114] Step 201: Obtain a color map corresponding to the virtual model.

[0115] Among them, the virtual model is a model with rendering, which can be various objects in the virtual scene, such as objects, characters, etc. The virtual scene can include a static scene or a dynamic scene, such as a game scene, animation, etc.

[0116] A color map, also known as a LUT (Look Up Table), is an image that can record and save color adjustment effects. You can input a color into the color map to find the mapped color. For example, if you input (R1, G2, B3) into the color map, the corresponding mapped value (R2, G2, B2) will be output. RGB represents the colors of the three channels red, green, and blue. Color conversion can be used to transform the style of the original image or add filters to the original image. In an embodiment of the present invention, the color map is a map that is originally required during the rendering process.

[0117] Value (Brightness) is the eye's perception of the brightness of light sources and surfaces, a visual experience primarily determined by light intensity. Generally speaking, stronger light appears brighter, while weaker light appears darker.

[0118] The color map is a map that needs to be used in the process of rendering the virtual model. Therefore, the brightness information needed in the normal map can be stored in the color map in advance, so that the normal map does not need to be loaded during the rendering process of the virtual model.

[0119] The normal map in the embodiment of the present invention is a geometric block surface diagram (lattice-like plane diagram) containing brightness information. The brightness information is used to record the normal orientation information (normal vector) saved by the traditional normal map, so that the virtual model has a flash card effect formed by a planar crystal structure with obvious geometric blocks.

[0120] Specifically, in the process of rendering the virtual model, it is necessary to first obtain a color map storing brightness information of the normal map, so as to render the virtual model using the color map and the brightness information of the normal map.

[0121] Step 202: Extract the brightness information from the color map.

[0122] Among them, the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map.

[0123] Specifically, the brightness information of the normal map is extracted from the color map so that the normal vector can be generated in the subsequent steps.

[0124] Step 203: Convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector.

[0125] Specifically, the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map, so the normal vector of each pixel can be generated according to the brightness of each pixel on the normal map.

[0126] Step 204: Rendering the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0127] Specifically, after obtaining the normal vector and color mapping map, the virtual model can be rendered using the normal vector and color mapping map, such as calculating the thin film interference effect based on the normal vector and color mapping map, so that the virtual model has a planar crystal structure with obvious geometric blocking. When the virtual model rotates or the viewing angle of the virtual model changes, the crystal structure on the virtual model will present a flash card effect.

[0128] It should be noted that the virtual model can be rendered using normal vectors and color mapping images using a traditional model rendering method, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0129] In an embodiment of the present invention, the normal vector corresponding to the virtual model is indirectly recorded through the brightness information of the normal map. Compared with the solution of recording the normal orientation of each block through the two RG channels in the normal map, the channels for recording the normal vector of the normal map are reduced. Therefore, the brightness information of the normal map can be configured in the color mapping map in advance, so that during the rendering process, only the color mapping map needs to be loaded, and there is no need to load the normal map, thereby reducing the rendering power consumption of the rendering process.

[0130] In addition, since the color map is required in the virtual model rendering process, the brightness information of the normal map is stored in the color map, which reduces the loading of the normal map and reduces the size of the overall rendering package.

[0131] Reference Figure 3 , shows a flowchart of another virtual model rendering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0132] Step 301: Obtain a color map corresponding to the virtual model, wherein the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, and the normal map is a geometric block surface map.

[0133] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 301 includes: obtaining an initial image and a color map; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated; performing lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map; and configuring the brightness information stored in a single channel of the normal map in a single channel of the color map.

[0134] Specifically, before obtaining the color map, the color map needs to be preprocessed to configure the brightness information in the normal map in a single channel of the color map.

[0135] First, generate an initial image by hand-drawing or randomly. As an example, refer to Figure 4 , shows an initial image of a normal map provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The initial image can be generated by arbitrary drawing and blurring using a brush of an image processing software / tool.

[0136] Then the initial image is lattice processed to generate a normal map with a geometric block surface (lattice-like plane) structure. As an example, refer to Figure 5 , shows a schematic diagram of an initial image lattice processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. After obtaining the initial image, in the image processing software / tool, by selecting the lattice in the pixelation filter, the initial image can be lattice processed to obtain a normal map. Figure 6, shows a schematic diagram of a normal map provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The normal map obtained after lattice formation presents a black and white geometric block surface (lattice-like plane) structure.

[0137] After obtaining the normal map, the luminance information stored in a single channel of the normal map is assigned to a single channel of the color map. Since the RGB channels of the color map are already in use, the luminance information of the normal map is assigned to another single channel of the color map, such as the alpha channel. Traditionally, normal maps record normal vectors in the RG channels, and since the RGB channels of the color map are already in use, it is not possible to assign the normal vectors recorded in the RG channels of the normal map to the RG channels of the color map.

[0138] In the embodiments of the present invention, a normal map is generated by lattice-processing a hand-drawn or randomly generated initial image. This simple normal map generation method eliminates the need for traditional normal map baking processes, significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of normal map production. Furthermore, because the normal map lattice shape and brightness information (normal orientation) are easily produced, there's no need to recreate the model for the normal map if the rendering isn't ideal, making it easier for staff to adjust the normal orientation.

[0139] It should be noted that in addition to the above methods, normal maps can also be generated in other ways, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, normal maps can be generated by baking high and low poly models, or by converting from an image, that is, converting the color RGB into a grayscale image (bump map), and then converting the surface lighting information stored in the bump map into a normal map stored in RGB format.

[0140] Step 302: Extracting the brightness information from the color map, wherein the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map.

[0141] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 302 includes extracting the brightness information from a single channel of the color map.

[0142] Specifically, since the brightness information of the normal map is configured in a single channel of the color map, the brightness information of the normal map is directly extracted from the single channel of the color map before rendering the virtual model.

[0143] Step 303: Convert the brightness information into angle based on the mapping relationship.

[0144] In the prior art, a normal vector is represented by the numerical values ​​in the R and G channels, which represent the three-dimensional normal direction corresponding to the normal vector, i.e., the complete direction of the normal vector. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, the brightness information is mapped into two-dimensional directional information of 0 to 360 degrees on a plane. The resulting angle represents a two-dimensional normal direction corresponding to the normal vector, i.e., the angle represents a partial direction (incomplete direction) of the normal vector. The angle obtained by the mapping scheme does not achieve a complete three-dimensional normal direction, but it is very effective when applied to virtual models with flash card effects.

[0145] Specifically, the value range of the brightness information is within [0, 1], and there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle (0 to 360 degrees). The brightness information can be converted into an angle according to the mapping relationship.

[0146] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the angle corresponding to the brightness information can be calculated using the following formula 1.

[0147] Formula 1:

[0148] θ=tex.a*PI*2;

[0149] Where θ is the angle, tex.a is the value of the lightness information, and PI is 180°. For example, when the lightness information values ​​are 0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1, the corresponding angles are 0°, 72°, 180°, and 360°.

[0150] During the rendering process, the brightness information is used as angle information and mapped into two-dimensional directional information of 0-360° on the plane. During the mapping process, its phase and size can be controlled, so that one channel can replace the value recorded by two channels in the original normal map.

[0151] Step 304: Calculate the function value corresponding to the angle.

[0152] The function value includes the cosine and sine values ​​corresponding to the angle. Specifically, after obtaining the angle corresponding to the brightness information, the function value corresponding to the angle is calculated, that is, the cosine and sine values ​​corresponding to the angle are calculated, and the cosine and sine values ​​are used as the vector components on the X-axis and Y-axis to obtain the initial normal vector.

[0153] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cosine value and the sine value can be calculated using the following formula 2 and formula 3.

[0154] Formula 2:

[0155] dirX = cos(θ);

[0156] Formula 3:

[0157] dirY=sin(θ);

[0158] Where dirX is the cosine value, representing the component on the X axis; dirY is the sine value, representing the component on the Y axis. The component on the X axis of the initial normal vector is dirX, and the component on the Y axis is dirY.

[0159] Step 305: Determine the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value.

[0160] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 305 includes: obtaining a normal strength corresponding to the normal map; and calculating a normal vector of the virtual model using normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0161] Specifically, after obtaining the initial normal vector, the preset normal strength is obtained, and then dirX and dirY in the initial normal vector, as well as the normal strength, are brought into the preset normalization algorithm to calculate the normal vector corresponding to the virtual model.

[0162] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the normal vector can be calculated using the following formula 4.

[0163] Formula 4:

[0164] normal=normalize(float3(dirX*normalIntensity, dirY*normalIntensity,1.0),normalIntensity);

[0165] Where: normal is the normal vector; normalize() is the preset normalization function; NormalIntensity is the normal intensity.

[0166] Step 306: Rendering the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0167] Reference Figure 7 , showing a schematic diagram before and after rendering of a flash card provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 (1) is the game card before rendering. Figure 7 (2) is the rendered game card. It can be seen from the comparison between the virtual boxes in the lower middle of game card (1) and game card (2) that after the game card is rendered, game card (2) has a planar crystal block structure with obvious geometric blocks (the area in the virtual box also has a crystal block structure, but it is not obvious). When the game card is rotated or the viewing angle of the game card changes, the crystal block structure on the game card presents a flash card effect.

[0168] In one embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the virtual model with the flash card effect, it also includes: responding to the adjustment operation of the normal strength, determining the adjusted normal strength; using the adjusted normal strength as the normal strength, returning to execute the step of calculating the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization based on the function value and the normal strength, so as to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0169] Specifically, after obtaining a virtual model with a flash card effect, if the flash card effect is not ideal and does not meet the requirements of the staff, the strength of the convexity and concavity of the virtual model can be adjusted by adjusting the normal strength. Specifically, the adjustment operation of the normal strength is responded to, the adjusted normal strength is determined, and the adjusted normal strength is used as the normal strength. The normal vector of the virtual model is calculated by normalization based on the cosine value, sine value and normal strength, and the virtual model is rendered by the normal vector until a virtual model that meets the requirements of the staff is obtained.

[0170] In the embodiment of the present invention, the degree of normal convexity can be adjusted by adjusting the normal strength, making the use of this solution more flexible and convenient, and facilitating the staff to adjust to the desired rendering effect.

[0171] In an embodiment of the present invention, the normal vector corresponding to the virtual model is indirectly recorded through the brightness information of the normal map. Compared with the solution of recording the normal orientation of each block through the RG channel in the normal map, the channels for recording the normal vectors in the normal map are reduced. Therefore, the brightness information of the normal map can be configured in the color mapping map in advance, so that during the rendering process, only the color mapping map needs to be loaded, and there is no need to load the normal map, thereby reducing the rendering power consumption of the rendering process.

[0172] Since the color map is required in the virtual model rendering process, the brightness information of the normal map is stored in the color map, which reduces the loading of the normal map and reduces the size of the overall rendering package.

[0173] Normal maps are generated by pixelating and lattice-forming a hand-drawn or randomly generated initial image. This simple method eliminates the need for traditional normal map baking, significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of normal map production. Furthermore, the normal map lattice shape and brightness information (normal orientation) are easily produced, eliminating the need to recreate the model for normal mapping and facilitating adjustments to normal orientation.

[0174] The degree of normal convexity can be adjusted by adjusting the normal strength, making this solution more flexible and convenient, and making it easier for staff to adjust to the desired rendering effect.

[0175] Reference Figure 8, shows a flowchart of another virtual model rendering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0176] Step 801: Obtain a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map.

[0177] Step 802: extracting brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map.

[0178] Step 803: Convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector.

[0179] Step 804: Rendering the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0180] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the color map and normal map corresponding to the virtual model, the brightness information is directly extracted from the normal map, and the normal vector of each pixel point on the normal map is determined through the brightness information. Then, the virtual model is rendered based on the color map and the normal vector, so that the virtual model has a planar crystal structure with obvious geometric blocking. When the virtual model rotates or the viewing angle of the virtual model changes, the crystal structure on the virtual model will present a flash card effect.

[0181] In the embodiment of the present invention, only a single channel is needed to store brightness information instead of the RG channel to record the normal vector, which can reduce rendering power consumption.

[0182] In one embodiment of the present invention, obtaining a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model includes: obtaining an initial image; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated; and performing lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map.

[0183] Specifically, the staff generates an initial image by hand-drawing or randomly. For example, the initial image can be generated by randomly drawing and blurring the image using a brush in image processing software / tools. The initial image is then lattice-processed to generate a normal map with a geometric block surface (lattice-like plane) structure.

[0184] In the embodiments of the present invention, a normal map is generated by lattice-processing a hand-drawn or randomly generated initial image. This simple normal map generation method eliminates the need for traditional normal map baking processes, significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of normal map production. Furthermore, because the normal map lattice shape and brightness information (normal orientation) are easily produced, there's no need to recreate the model for the normal map if the rendering isn't ideal, making it easier for staff to adjust the normal orientation.

[0185] It should be noted that for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0186] Reference Figure 9 , shows a structural block diagram of a virtual model rendering device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following modules:

[0187] An image acquisition module 901 is configured to acquire a color map corresponding to a virtual model; wherein the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0188] A brightness extraction module 902 is configured to extract the brightness information from the color map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0189] Normal conversion module 903, used to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0190] The model rendering module 904 is configured to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0191] Optionally, the image acquisition module 901 includes:

[0192] An image acquisition submodule is used to acquire an initial image and a color map; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0193] An image processing submodule, configured to perform lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map;

[0194] The information configuration submodule is used to configure the brightness information stored in the single channel of the normal map into the single channel of the color map.

[0195] Optionally, the brightness extraction module 902 includes:

[0196] The information extraction submodule is used to extract the brightness information from a single channel of the color map.

[0197] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and the normal conversion module 803 includes:

[0198] An angle conversion submodule, configured to convert the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0199] A numerical calculation submodule, used to calculate the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0200] The vector determination submodule is used to determine the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value.

[0201] Optionally, the vector determination submodule includes:

[0202] an intensity acquisition unit, configured to acquire the normal intensity corresponding to the normal map;

[0203] A vector calculation unit is used to calculate the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0204] Optionally, it also includes:

[0205] a strength adjustment unit, configured to determine an adjusted normal strength in response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength;

[0206] The effect adjustment unit is used to use the adjusted normal strength as the normal strength and return it to the vector calculation unit to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0207] Reference Figure 10 , shows a structural block diagram of another virtual model rendering device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following modules:

[0208] The image acquisition module 1001 is used to obtain a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map;

[0209] A brightness extraction module 1002 is configured to extract brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map;

[0210] Normal conversion module 1003, used to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector;

[0211] The model rendering module 1004 is configured to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

[0212] Optionally, the image acquisition module 1001 includes:

[0213] An image acquisition submodule is used to acquire an initial image; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated;

[0214] The image processing submodule is used to perform lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map.

[0215] Optionally, the brightness extraction module 1002 includes:

[0216] The brightness extraction submodule is used to extract the brightness information from a single channel of the normal map.

[0217] Optionally, there is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and the normal conversion module 904 includes:

[0218] An angle conversion submodule, configured to convert the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship;

[0219] A numerical calculation submodule, used to calculate the function value corresponding to the angle;

[0220] The vector determination submodule is used to determine the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value.

[0221] Optionally, the vector determination submodule includes:

[0222] an intensity acquisition unit, configured to acquire the normal intensity corresponding to the normal map;

[0223] A vector calculation unit is used to calculate the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

[0224] Optionally, it also includes:

[0225] a strength adjustment unit, configured to determine an adjusted normal strength in response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength;

[0226] The effect adjustment unit is used to use the adjusted normal strength as the normal strength and return it to the vector calculation unit to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

[0227] As for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0228] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned virtual model rendering method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0229] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the various processes of the aforementioned virtual model rendering method embodiment and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are omitted here. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0230] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device for implementing various embodiments of the present invention.

[0231] The electronic device 1100 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 1101, a network module 1102, an audio output unit 1103, an input unit 1104, a sensor 1105, a display unit 1106, a user input unit 1107, an interface unit 1108, a memory 1109, a processor 1110, and a power supply 1111. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 11 The electronic device structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components or arrange the components differently. In the embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device includes but is not limited to a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, an in-vehicle terminal, a wearable device, and a pedometer.

[0232] It should be understood that in this embodiment of the present invention, RF unit 1101 can be used to receive and transmit signals during information transmission or calls. Specifically, it receives downlink data from the base station and transmits it to processor 1110 for processing; in addition, it transmits uplink data to the base station. Generally, RF unit 1101 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, at least one amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like. Furthermore, RF unit 1101 can communicate with the network and other devices via a wireless communication system.

[0233] The electronic device provides users with wireless broadband Internet access through the network module 1102, such as helping users to send and receive emails, browse web pages, and access streaming media.

[0234] The audio output unit 1103 can convert audio data received by the RF unit 1101 or the network module 1102 or stored in the memory 1109 into an audio signal and output it as sound. In addition, the audio output unit 1103 can also provide audio output related to a specific function performed by the electronic device 1100 (for example, a call signal reception sound, a message reception sound, etc.). The audio output unit 1103 includes a speaker, a buzzer, a receiver, etc.

[0235] The input unit 1104 is used to receive audio or video signals. The input unit 1104 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 11041 and a microphone 11042. The graphics processor 11041 processes image data of still pictures or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The processed image frames can be displayed on the display unit 1106. The image frames processed by the graphics processor 11041 can be stored in the memory 1109 (or other storage medium) or transmitted via the radio frequency unit 1101 or the network module 1102. The microphone 11042 can receive sound and process such sound into audio data. In the case of a telephone call mode, the processed audio data can be converted into a format that can be sent to a mobile communication base station via the radio frequency unit 1101 for output.

[0236] The electronic device 1100 also includes at least one sensor 1105, such as a light sensor, a motion sensor, and other sensors. Specifically, the light sensor includes an ambient light sensor and a proximity sensor, wherein the ambient light sensor can adjust the brightness of the display panel 11061 according to the brightness of the ambient light, and the proximity sensor can turn off the display panel 11061 and / or the backlight when the electronic device 1100 is moved to the ear. As a type of motion sensor, the accelerometer sensor can detect the magnitude of acceleration in all directions (generally three axes), and can detect the magnitude and direction of gravity when stationary. It can be used to identify the posture of the electronic device (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer posture calibration), vibration recognition related functions (such as pedometer, tapping), etc.; the sensor 1105 can also include a fingerprint sensor, a pressure sensor, an iris sensor, a molecular sensor, a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, an infrared sensor, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0237] The display unit 1106 is used to display information input by the user or information provided to the user. The display unit 1106 may include a display panel 11061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or the like.

[0238] The user input unit 1107 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal input related to the user settings and function control of the electronic device. Specifically, the user input unit 1107 includes a touch panel 11071 and other input devices 11072. The touch panel 11071, also known as a touch screen, can collect user touch operations on or near it (such as operations performed by the user using any suitable object or accessory such as a finger, stylus, etc. on or near the touch panel 11071). The touch panel 11071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Among them, the touch detection device detects the user's touch direction, detects the signal caused by the touch operation, and transmits the signal to the touch controller; the touch controller receives the touch information from the touch detection device and converts it into contact point coordinates, which are then sent to the processor 1110, which receives the command sent by the processor 1110 and executes it. In addition, the touch panel 11071 can be implemented using various types such as resistive, capacitive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave. In addition to the touch panel 11071, the user input unit 1107 may further include other input devices 11072. Specifically, the other input devices 11072 may include but are not limited to a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operating stick, which will not be described in detail here.

[0239] Furthermore, the touch panel 11071 may be overlaid on the display panel 11061. When the touch panel 11071 detects a touch operation on or near it, it transmits the information to the processor 1110 to determine the type of touch event. Subsequently, the processor 1110 provides corresponding visual output on the display panel 11061 according to the type of touch event. Figure 11 In the figure, the touch panel 11071 and the display panel 11061 are two independent components to realize the input and output functions of the electronic device. However, in some embodiments, the touch panel 11071 and the display panel 11061 can be integrated to realize the input and output functions of the electronic device, which is not limited here.

[0240] The interface unit 1108 is an interface for connecting external devices to the electronic device 1100. For example, the external devices may include a wired or wireless headset port, an external power supply (or battery charger) port, a wired or wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting a device with an identification module, an audio input / output (I / O) port, a video I / O port, a headphone port, etc. The interface unit 1108 may be used to receive input (e.g., data information, power, etc.) from the external device and transmit the received input to one or more elements within the electronic device 1100, or may be used to transmit data between the electronic device 1100 and the external device.

[0241] Memory 1109 can be used to store software programs and various data. Memory 1109 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system and at least one application required for a function (such as a sound playback function or an image playback function). The data storage area may store data generated based on the use of the phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.). Furthermore, memory 1109 may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0242] Processor 1110 is the control center of the electronic device. It connects all parts of the electronic device using various interfaces and circuits. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in memory 1109 and accessing data stored in memory 1109, it performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data, thereby providing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Processor 1110 may include one or more processing units; preferably, processor 1110 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily handles wireless communications. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 1110.

[0243] The electronic device 1100 may also include a power supply 1111 (such as a battery) to supply power to each component. Preferably, the power supply 1111 may be logically connected to the processor 1110 through a power management system, thereby managing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system.

[0244] In addition, the electronic device 1100 includes some functional modules not shown, which will not be described here.

[0245] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0246] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better embodiment. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0247] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

[0248] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0249] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0250] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0251] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0252] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0253] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, ROM, RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0254] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A virtual model rendering method, characterized in that: include: Obtaining a color map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein a single channel of the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, the normal map being a geometric block surface map; Extracting the brightness information from the color map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness and darkness of each pixel on the normal map; Converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector; wherein the normal vector is determined based on two-dimensional direction information mapped onto a plane by the brightness information; The virtual model is rendered based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining of a color map corresponding to the virtual model includes: Obtaining an initial image and a color map; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated; Performing lattice processing on the initial image to obtain a normal map; The brightness information stored in the single channel of the normal map is configured in the single channel of the color map.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The extracting the brightness information from the color map includes: The luminance information is extracted from a single channel of the color map.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein There is a mapping relationship between the brightness information and the angle, and converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector includes: Converting the brightness information into an angle based on the mapping relationship; Calculating the function value corresponding to the angle; A normal vector of the virtual model is determined according to the function value.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the normal vector of the virtual model according to the function value includes: Obtaining the normal strength corresponding to the normal map; The normal vector of the virtual model is calculated using normalization according to the function value and the normal strength.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that After obtaining the virtual model with the flash card effect, the method further includes: In response to an adjustment operation on the normal strength, determining an adjusted normal strength; The adjusted normal strength is used as the normal strength, and the step of calculating the normal vector of the virtual model by normalization based on the function value and the normal strength is returned to adjust the flash card effect of the virtual model.

7. A virtual model rendering method, characterized in that: include: Obtaining a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map; Extracting brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness of each pixel on the normal map; Converting the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector; wherein the normal vector is determined based on two-dimensional direction information mapped onto a plane by the brightness information; The virtual model is rendered based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The obtaining of a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model includes: Acquire an initial image; wherein the initial image is hand-drawn or randomly generated; The initial image is subjected to lattice processing to obtain a normal map.

9. A virtual model rendering device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An image acquisition module is configured to acquire a color map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein a single channel of the color map stores brightness information of a normal map corresponding to the virtual model, the normal map being a geometric block surface image; a brightness extraction module, configured to extract the brightness information from the color map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map; A normal conversion module, configured to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector; wherein the normal vector is determined based on two-dimensional direction information mapped onto a plane by the brightness information; A model rendering module is used to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

10. A virtual model rendering device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An image acquisition module is used to acquire a color map and a normal map corresponding to the virtual model; wherein the normal map is a geometric block surface map; a brightness extraction module, configured to extract brightness information from the normal map; wherein the brightness information represents the brightness or darkness of each pixel on the normal map; A normal conversion module, configured to convert the brightness information of each pixel on the normal map into a normal vector; wherein the normal vector is determined based on two-dimensional direction information mapped onto a plane by the brightness information; A model rendering module is used to render the virtual model based on the color map and the normal vector to obtain a virtual model with a flash card effect.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-6 or 7-8 when executing the program stored in the memory.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-6 or 7-8.

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