Geometric measurement method and device therefor

Abstract

A kind of geometry measurement method and device, using elastic transmission element (103) and load measuring assembly (102), by load measuring assembly (102) hinder elastic transmission element (103) first load bearing site (1032) relative to inertial reference frame (106) produce movement;Elastic transmission element (103) will first measurement boundary (1018) or second measurement boundary (1019) with load measuring assembly (102) be linked, make elastic transmission element (103) produce deformation, and produce corresponding material internal force;Using load measuring assembly (102) measurement constraint force (107, 107', …), compare and obtain the function relationship between constraint force (107, 107', …) and the geometry to be measured, by measuring the value of constraint force (107, 107', …) obtain the geometry to be measured, compare and obtain the function relationship between the geometry to be measured and standard geometry, determine the value of the geometry to be measured.The beneficial effects obtained are:it can improve measurement sensitivity and measurement stability, and can accurately measure any geometry in space and any displacement of point, line or surface, and can accurately measure any load in space.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanics measurement, in particular to a method for measuring geometric quantity, displacement quantity and load and a device thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of microelectronic technology, material science and mechanical manufacturing, high-precision geometric quantity measurement and displacement measurement technology and multi-component load measurement technology have been widely applied in product manufacturing, quality control and scientific research.

[0003] The existing geometric quantity and displacement quantity measurement is achieved by using mechanical, optical, electrical, electromagnetic, pneumatic and other technical approaches, through conversion and amplification of measurement resolution, so as to achieve the purpose of high-precision measurement. Due to the restriction of detection technology level, the existing geometric quantity and displacement quantity measurement technology cannot meet the demand of high-precision displacement inspection or cooperation with other instruments and equipment to complete high-precision measurement research.

[0004] In the second edition of Length Measurement edited by Li Xiaoting, the existing geometric quantity measurement principle, measurement method and measurement device are comprehensively and in detail introduced. However, the existing single geometric quantity measurement technology cannot realize the measurement of any geometric quantity in space, and the measurement of geometric quantity by using mechanical measurement method still belongs to the technical blank of the existing geometric quantity measurement.

[0005] In the second part of Mechanical Quantity Measurement (Fifth Edition) edited by Thomas G. Beckwith, Roy D. Marangoni and John H. Lienhard V and translated by Wang Boyong, the existing single linear displacement or angular displacement measurement principle, measurement method and measurement device are introduced in detail. However, the existing displacement measurement technology cannot realize the measurement of any displacement of point, line or surface in space, and the book still belongs to the technical blank of the measurement of displacement by using mechanical measurement method.

[0006] The prior application of the applicant is CN106813816A published on June 9, 2017, which specifically discloses the application of an elastic force sensor in displacement measurement. The scheme adopts a mechanical measurement method, uses the elastic force sensor as a sensitive element and a conversion element for displacement measurement, is connected in series between an inertial reference system and a measured component, and is used for directly sensing and measuring displacement. Although the scheme can greatly improve the measurement sensitivity, measurement resolution and measurement reliability of displacement measurement, it cannot measure any displacement of a line or a surface in space, and in order to adapt to the need of large-scale displacement measurement, the scheme requires the elastic force sensor to have the characteristics of large measurement deformation. Due to the limitation of small elastic deformation of the force sensor, the existing force sensor cannot directly meet the demand of large-scale measurement, and in actual measurement, the range needs to be estimated in advance, and the elastic force sensor with corresponding deformation is customized to complete measurement of different scales.

[0007] In addition, the existing force value measurement is achieved by means of mechanical, electrical, acoustic, optical, magnetic and other technologies, by observing the degree of deviation of the balance component from the balance position, or by measuring the degree of strain generated by the stressed component. The technical approach, measurement principle and various force value measurement devices are introduced in detail in Chapter 13 of Part II of Mechanical Measurement (5th Edition), but the existing force value measurement technology cannot measure any load.

[0008] The prior application of the applicant is CN106813816A published on June 9, 2017, which discloses a load balance measurement. The scheme is used for measuring the balance condition of any force system, any space force system and any balance force system on a plane with high sensitivity and high stability. Similarly, the invention cannot measure any load.

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to seek a new measurement approach and to complement the existing geometric quantity, displacement quantity and load quantity value measurement technology. SUMMARY

[0010] The purpose of the present application is to provide a mechanical measurement method and device for geometric quantity and displacement quantity measurement, which can greatly improve the measurement sensitivity and measurement stability, and can accurately measure any geometric quantity and any displacement of a point, line or surface in space. To achieve the above mechanical measurement, the present application further provides a measurement method and device for measuring any load in space, which can measure any load in space with high sensitivity and high stability.

[0011] The present application provides a method for measuring geometric quantity, which employs an elastic load transmission element and a load measuring assembly. The elastic load transmission element is used to sense the position change of the measuring boundary relative to the inertial reference frame, and to convert the position change between the measuring boundaries into the change of the internal force of the material of the elastic load transmission element, and to transmit the internal force of the material to the load measuring assembly. The elastic load transmission element comprises at least a first load bearing part and a second load bearing part. The first load bearing part is used to transmit the internal force of the material to the load measuring assembly, and the second load bearing part is used to sense the position change between the measuring boundaries. The load measuring assembly is used to measure the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measuring assembly, with the inertial reference frame as the measuring reference. The load measuring assembly comprises a rigid load superimposer and at least one force measuring component. The force measuring component is used to measure the constraint force provided by the force measuring component, with the inertial reference frame as the measuring reference. The method comprises the following steps: connecting the first measuring boundary or the second measuring boundary to the load measuring assembly through the elastic load transmission element, and the load measuring assembly at least hinders the movement of the first load bearing part relative to the inertial reference frame in one component direction. The measuring boundary and the load measuring assembly deform the elastic load transmission element, and generate the corresponding internal force of the material. At least one component of the internal force of the material is measured by the load measuring assembly. The position change of the second load bearing part or the geometric quantity to be measured will change the internal force of the material transmitted by the first load bearing part to the load measuring assembly. The constraint force is measured by using the load measuring assembly, and the functional relationship between the constraint force and the geometric quantity to be measured is obtained by comparison. The geometric quantity to be measured is obtained by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force, and the functional relationship between the geometric quantity to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is obtained by comparison, and the magnitude of the geometric quantity to be measured is determined.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, before the measurement, the method further comprises the step of measuring the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measuring assembly using the load measuring assembly. The step comprises the following steps: presetting the loading parameters of the constraint force, adjusting the force measuring component and the rigid load superimposer, so that the force measuring component provides the constraint force to the rigid load superimposer according to the preset loading parameters of the constraint force, and the constraint force hinders the movement of the rigid load superimposer relative to the inertial reference frame. The internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measuring assembly is borne by the rigid load superimposer, and the internal force of the material causes the movement or the tendency of movement of the rigid load superimposer. The magnitude of the constraint force is measured by using the load measuring assembly, and the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measuring assembly is indirectly measured by combining the preset loading parameters of the constraint force and simplifying the constraint force.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the load measuring assembly comprises one of the force measuring components; the elastic load transmitting element transmits one component of the internal force of the material to the force measuring component; the first load bearing site transmits the one component of the internal force of the material to the force measuring component; the force measuring component is used to measure the one component of the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmitting element to the force measuring component; during the measurement, the load parameter of the constraint force is preset, the force measuring component and the first load bearing site are adjusted so that the force measuring component provides the constraint force to the first load bearing site according to the preset load parameter of the constraint force, the constraint force hinders the movement of the first load bearing site relative to the inertial reference system in one component direction; the change of the position of the second load bearing site or the to-be-measured geometric quantity will cause a change in the one component of the internal force of the material transmitted by the first load bearing site to the force measuring component; the constraint force is measured using the force measuring component, and the functional relationship between the constraint force and the to-be-measured geometric quantity is compared to obtain the to-be-measured geometric quantity by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force, and the functional relationship between the to-be-measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity is compared to determine the magnitude of the to-be-measured geometric quantity.

[0014] A displacement measurement method, comprising any of the above-mentioned geometric quantity measurement methods, the load measuring assembly and the measurement object are connected by the elastic load transmitting element, and the second load bearing site moves synchronously with the measurement object in at least one component direction, the method comprising: the measurement object drives the second load bearing site to move along a plurality of measurement boundary trajectories and generates a to-be-measured displacement; the change of the position of the measurement object or the to-be-measured displacement will cause a change in the internal force of the material transmitted by the first load bearing site to the load measuring assembly; the constraint force is measured using the load measuring assembly, and the functional relationship between the constraint force and the to-be-measured displacement is compared to obtain the to-be-measured displacement by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force, and the functional relationship between the to-be-measured displacement and the standard geometric quantity is compared to determine the magnitude of the to-be-measured displacement.

[0015] A load measurement method, the load measurement method comprises the step of measuring the internal force of the material in the above-mentioned geometric quantity measurement method using the load measuring assembly, the internal force of the material comprises: a to-be-measured load; the to-be-measured load is borne by the rigid load superimposer, and the to-be-measured load causes the rigid load superimposer to move or have a tendency to move; the to-be-measured load is measured by the load measuring assembly; the load measurement method further comprises: according to the load parameter of the constraint force preset, a constraint force is simplified to a simplified result, and the simplified result is balanced with the to-be-measured load to measure the to-be-measured load.

[0016] A geometric quantity measuring device, comprising: a flexible load carrier element for sensing a position change between measuring boundaries relative to an inertial reference frame and converting the position change between the measuring boundaries into a change in material internal force; the flexible load carrier element comprising at least a first load carrying site and a second load carrying site; the load carrying sites of the flexible load carrier element comprising at least one load carrying unit; the load carrying units of the load carrying sites of the flexible load carrier element comprising a single component positive, negative or both positive and negative force of a load application object acting on the flexible load carrier element; a load measuring assembly for measuring the material internal force transmitted by the flexible load carrier element to the load measuring assembly, the load measuring assembly comprising a rigid load stacker and at least one load cell, the load measuring assembly being measured based on the inertial reference frame; the load cell being used for measuring a constraint force provided by the load cell, the constraint force being measured based on the inertial reference frame; the rigid load stacker comprising only a third load carrying site and a fourth load carrying site; the load carrying sites of the rigid load stacker comprising at least one load carrying unit; the load carrying units of the load carrying sites of the rigid load stacker comprising a single component positive, negative or both positive and negative force of the flexible load carrier element or the load cell acting on the rigid load stacker; the fourth load carrying site carrying the effect of the first load carrying site acting on the rigid load stacker, and the third load carrying site carrying the effect of the load cell acting on the rigid load stacker; the load cell being arranged according to a predetermined position parameter, the load cell hindering the third load carrying site from moving relative to the load cell, the load cell measuring a constraint force provided by the load cell; the second load carrying site being used for sensing a position change between the measuring boundaries, the material internal force being transmitted by the first load carrying site to the load measuring assembly, the load measuring assembly hindering the first load carrying site from moving relative to the load measuring assembly in at least one component direction, and the material internal force being measured by the load measuring assembly.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the load measuring assembly comprises one load cell; the flexible load carrier element transmits one component of the material internal force to the load cell; the first load carrying site transmits the one component of the material internal force to the load cell; the load cell is used for measuring the one component of the material internal force transmitted by the flexible load carrier element to the load cell; the load cell is arranged according to a predetermined position parameter, the load cell hindering the first load carrying site from moving relative to the load cell in one component direction.

[0018] A displacement measuring device, comprising the above-mentioned geometric quantity measuring device, the second load carrying site of the displacement measuring device moving synchronously with an external measuring object in at least one component direction; the second load carrying site being used for sensing a position and a position change of the external measuring object relative to the load measuring assembly.

[0019] A load measuring device comprising the load measuring assembly, the material internal force comprising a load to be measured; the fourth bearing site bearing the load to be measured; the bearing unit of the rigid load superimposer bearing site comprising a single component of the force acting on the rigid load superimposer in a positive direction, a negative direction or both directions.

[0020] An elastic load transmitting element comprising the elastic load transmitting element, which can transmit any load.

[0021] The present application provides a mechanical measurement scheme for geometric measurement, which does not follow the traditional geometric measurement idea, adopts a mechanical measurement method, and accurately and reliably measures any geometric quantity, thereby filling the technical blank of using a mechanical measurement method to measure geometric quantity and providing a new measurement approach for existing geometric measurement.

[0022] The mechanical measurement scheme for displacement measurement provided by the present application adopts a mechanical measurement method, expands the displacement measurement range of the existing single linear displacement or angular displacement to accurately and reliably measure any displacement of a point, line or surface in space, overcomes the problem that the prior art elastic force sensor cannot measure the displacement of a line or surface in space, eliminates the requirement of displacement measurement on large-scale elastic deformation of the force sensor, makes the mechanical measurement of displacement no longer restricted by the elastic deformation of the force sensor, expands the use range of the existing force component, and further improves the sensitivity and synchronism of displacement measurement.

[0023] The present application utilizes the material property of large deformation load transmission of elastic materials, uses the elastic load transmitting element as a sensitive element for measurement, and realizes high-sensitivity sensing of geometric quantity and displacement change; the technical scheme also uses the load measuring assembly provided by the present application as a conversion element for geometric measurement and displacement measurement, and uses a mechanical measurement method to realize high-sensitivity and high-stability reliable measurement of geometric quantity and displacement.

[0024] The mechanical measurement scheme provided by the present application takes advantage of the high-precision measurement characteristics of the existing detection device, overcomes the technical problem that the existing force value measurement technology cannot measure any load, and realizes high-stability measurement of any load in space.

[0025] The present application also effectively reduces the operation difficulty and manufacturing difficulty of measurement, greatly reduces the measurement cost, and improves the measurement stability and measurement efficiency.

[0026] The effects of the present application are not limited to the above examples, and various beneficial effects are included in the present specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Additionally, the shapes and relative sizes of the components in the drawings are meant to be illustrative and not necessarily to scale, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein, and that such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0028] The technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application described above can be clearly obtained through the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present application, combined with the drawings. The drawings in the specification schematically represent examples of measurement of any parameters in a plane, and since the measurement principles are the same, the measurement of any parameters in space is not repeatedly represented in the drawings, and it should be considered that sufficient disclosure has been made.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the geometric quantity or displacement at the beginning of the measurement;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the geometric quantity or displacement when the measurement boundary is a point;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the geometric quantity or displacement when the measurement boundary is a line;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle when the geometric quantity or displacement is any geometric quantity or displacement in a plane;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of an elastic load-carrying element provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a load measuring assembly measuring a single component force provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another load measuring assembly measuring any load in a plane provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rigid load superimposer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram at the beginning of the measurement of the geometric quantity provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 10is a schematic diagram of length geometric quantity measurement when the measurement boundary is a point, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of length geometric quantity measurement when the measurement boundary is a line, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of arbitrary geometric quantity measurement in a plane, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of displacement measurement at the beginning, provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 14 is when the measurement boundary is a point, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of displacement measurement when the measurement object moves linearly from the position of the first measurement boundary to the position of the second measurement boundary;

[0043] Figure 15 is when the measurement boundary is a line, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of displacement measurement when the measurement object moves linearly from the position of the first measurement boundary to the position of the second measurement boundary;

[0044] Figure 16 is Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of arbitrary displacement measurement of the measurement object in a plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to introduce the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application more clearly, some terms in the present application are further explained.

[0046] Measurement boundary, the edge of geometric quantity measurement, including points, lines or surfaces for determining geometric quantity parameters.

[0047] Displacement, including linear displacement, angular displacement or arbitrary displacement of the measurement object in space.

[0048] Arbitrary load, including single component or multi-component effect of body load, surface load, line load or concentrated load.

[0049] Load parameters, including single component or multi-component force point, line of action and force loading direction parameters.

[0050] Complete constraint, the constraint when the degree of freedom of the object is reduced to zero.

[0051] Inertial reference frame, the reference frame selected in the measurement, which makes the force measuring component remain stationary relative to it.

[0052] Standard geometry, the invention will realize the measurement of geometric quantities and displacement, which involves the transfer of geometric units, so the invention introduces the concept of standard geometry, the standard geometry described in the invention includes the standard geometry value can be traced, reproduced and saved.

[0053] Bearing site, in order to facilitate the record of measurement object, determine the position parameters of the measurement object, and record and analyze the effect of single component or multi-component force on the stressed object, the invention introduces the concept of bearing site, the bearing site is used to bear the effect of the bearing object on the bearing object, the division of bearing site will have various grouping forms, which should not be regarded as limited by the recording method of the invention, the bearing site includes at least one bearing unit.

[0054] Bearing unit, the basic unit of bearing site, including bearing single component positive, negative or positive and negative two direction force exerted by the bearing object on the bearing site, which includes the basic elements of determining the position parameters of the measurement object.

[0055] Connection, the connection described in the invention includes various connection forms, for example, it can be movable connection or fixed connection.

[0056] According to the basic assumption of elastic theory: the continuity of elastic body is maintained throughout the deformation process. The deformation of elastic body and the load have a one-to-one function relationship throughout the loading and unloading process.

[0057] According to the description of internal force of material in elastic theory: the object deforms under external force, the deformation changes the intermolecular distance, forming an additional internal force field that increases with deformation, when this internal force field is sufficient to balance the external force, the deformation no longer continues, and the object reaches a stable equilibrium state; the additional internal force field acts on the deformed elastic body, and the internal and external force balance relationship is established according to the deformed geometry.

[0058] Based on the above theory, the following measurements can be realized:

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 , at the beginning of the measurement, the deformed elastic body 1030 set between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the inertial reference frame 106 is in a stable equilibrium state. At this time, the material internal force of the elastic body 1030 is L103, which is balanced with the constraint load L107 provided by the inertial reference frame 106 throughout the measurement process.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4The abutment 10310 of the elastomer 1030 and the first measuring boundary 1018 is moved to the position of the second measuring boundary 1019, at this time, the displacement δ of the abutment 10310 is the same as the geometric quantity between the first measuring boundary 1018 and the second measuring boundary 1019 and the boundary deformation quantity of the elastomer 1030, and the material internal force of the elastomer 1030 also changes to L1031 accordingly, and the constraint force 107, 107',... or the constraint load L107 provided by the inertial reference system 106 changes synchronously.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 If the displacement δ is a linear displacement, the magnitude of the constraint load L107 can be directly derived to obtain the magnitude of the material internal force L1031 of the elastomer 1030.

[0062] If the displacement is an arbitrary displacement, it will make the material internal force of the elastomer 1030 complex. In order to measure the material internal force, the present disclosure introduces a rigid body 1050 as an auxiliary component for measurement by means of the rigid body balance principle, and provides a plurality of constraint forces 107, 107',... to the rigid body 1050 according to the pre-set loading parameters. The constraint forces 107, 107',... hinder the movement of the rigid body 1050, and the constraint forces 107, 107',... are simplified to the principal vector F102 and the principal moment M102 at a point. The effect of the principal vector F102, the principal moment M102 and the material internal force L1031 of the elastomer 1030 on the rigid body 102 is still balanced. By measuring the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107',..., the material internal force L1031 of the elastomer 1030 can be determined by combining the loading parameters of the constraint force 107, 107',... Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the in-plane arbitrary displacement measurement principle is shown. Since the measurement principle is the same, the description of the space arbitrary displacement measurement is not repeated in the drawings, and it is considered that sufficient disclosure has been made.

[0063] According to the one-to-one function relationship between the elastomer deformation and the material internal force of the elastomer, and the balance relationship between the material internal force of the elastomer and the constraint load, the function relationship between the constraint force and the aforementioned displacement or geometric quantity can be determined by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107',... and combining the loading parameters of the constraint force 107, 107',..., so as to realize the purpose of indirectly measuring the aforementioned geometric quantity or the displacement to be measured by using the method of mechanics.

[0064] The partial force conditions of the aforementioned bearing unit and the simplified adjustment of the force are briefly described. The force described in the application can act on the bearing unit at any angle, which will generate two component effects in the normal direction and the tangent direction of the bearing contact surface. Although this bearing method is simple to operate, it will make the force system analysis and calculation more complex. In actual measurement, if the bearing direction, bearing position, and angle of the bearing contact surface of the single component force are controlled to act on the bearing unit in the normal direction of the bearing contact surface, it will be beneficial to control the bearing parameters and effectively reduce the number of constraint forces. In measurement, the bearing parameters are reasonably set so that the load acts on the stressed object in the most convenient way for analysis, such as adjusting the action line of the constraint force to the position coinciding with, perpendicular to, or parallel to the analysis coordinate axis for measurement. If the action line of the constraint force is adjusted to the position shown in the figure, it will also simplify the load analysis and measurement.

[0065] The mechanical principles, balance calculation, formula derivation, measurement components, and measurement operation methods involved in the application are known to those skilled in the art, and the description and the accompanying drawings do not repeat the description. The description and the accompanying drawings disclose the optimal implementation of the application and illustratively represent the mutual relationship between the constituent elements of the application. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar constituent elements, and their detailed description is omitted. It is considered that sufficient disclosure has been made.

[0066] The embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] In the first embodiment, the application provides a geometric quantity measurement method.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , first, the measurement device required by the geometric quantity measurement method mainly includes a load measurement assembly 102 and an elastic transmission element 103. The measurement reference of the geometric quantity is the inertial reference system 106. The geometric quantity measurement boundary in the description of the application is mainly illustrated by the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019. Of course, more measurement boundaries can be set according to different actual application scenarios, and the number and form of the measurement boundaries are not specifically limited in the application.

[0069] The elastic transmission element 103 can be any form of elastic element, which functions to sense the position and position change of the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019 relative to the inertial reference frame 106, converts the position change between the measurement boundaries into a change in internal force of the material of the elastic transmission element 103, and transmits the internal force of the material to the load measurement assembly 102 for measurement.

[0070] The elastic transmission element 103 can include a plurality of bearing sites, each of which can include at least one bearing unit. For example, the elastic transmission element 103 can include a first bearing site 1032 and a second bearing site 1031, and of course, can include more bearing sites. The specific bearing sites can be different according to different actual application scenarios, and the present application does not make specific limitations here.

[0071] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first bearing site 1032 and the second bearing site 1031 bearing the effect of the force couple L102 and the concentrated load L101. Specifically, the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 is used to transmit the internal force of the material of the elastic transmission element 103 to the load measurement assembly 102; the second bearing site 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 is used to sense the position and position change of the first measurement boundary 1018, the second measurement boundary 1019, and so on.

[0072] The load measurement assembly 102 is used to measure the internal force of the material transmitted by the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 to the load measurement assembly 102, with the inertial reference frame 106 as the measurement reference. The load measurement assembly 102 includes a rigid load superimposer 105 and at least one force measuring component 104. Figure 6 The load measurement assembly 102 is shown measuring a single component force, Figure 7 The load measurement assembly 102 is shown measuring an arbitrary load in a plane.

[0073] The force measuring component 104 is used to measure the constraint force 107 provided to the force-receiving object with the inertial reference frame 106 as the measurement reference. The rigid load superimposer 105 is used to superimpose the effect of the constraint force 107, 107', and so on, and transmit the effect to the rigid body or non-absolute rigid body of the elastic transmission element 103.

[0074] In this embodiment, the load measurement assembly 102 can be used to measure the internal force L103 of the material transmitted by the elastic transmission element 103 through the following steps.

[0075] The pre-set constraint force 107, 107', … applied parameter of the force measuring component 104, … to the rigid load stacker 105, the adjustment of the applied parameter of the rigid load stacker 105 and the force measuring component 104, … makes the force measuring component 104, … to provide the constraint force 107, 107', … to the rigid load stacker 105 according to the pre-set constraint force 107, 107', … applied parameter, and the constraint force 107, 107', … hinders the rigid load stacker 105 to generate motion relative to the inertial reference system 106.

[0076] The material internal force L103 transferred by the elastic load transferring element 103 is borne by the rigid load stacker 105, and the material internal force L103 makes the rigid load stacker 105 to generate motion or the tendency to generate motion;

[0077] Through the above measures, the load measuring assembly 102 is used to measure the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107', …, and the constraint force 107, 107', … is simplified to a main vector F102 and a main moment M102 relative to a point in combination with the pre-set constraint force 107, 107', … applied parameter, which is balanced with the material internal force L103 transferred by the elastic load transferring element 103, so as to realize the indirect measurement of the material internal force L103 transferred by the elastic load transferring element 103 by using the load measuring assembly 102.

[0078] Subsequently, the geometric quantity magnitude of the target is determined according to the single-valued function relationship between the material internal force L103 of the elastic load transferring element 103 and the elastic deformation thereof.

[0079] In the present application, a geometric quantity measuring method is also provided. The geometric quantity measuring method uses the elastic load transferring element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102 to measure the target geometric quantity between the first measuring boundary 1018 and the second measuring boundary 1019, which can include the following steps:

[0080] The second bearing site 1031 of the elastic load transferring element 103 senses the position and the position change of the first measuring boundary 1018 and the second measuring boundary 1019, Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the position sensing of the measuring boundary 1018 is shown.

[0081] The load measuring assembly 102 hinders the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transferring element 103 to generate motion relative to the inertial reference system 106, which includes the measurement of the material internal force transferred by the elastic load transferring element 103.

[0082] The load measuring assembly 102 and the measuring boundary are connected by the elastic load transmission element 103, which deforms under the load measuring assembly 102 and the measuring boundary and generates corresponding internal material force, and the first load bearing position 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 transmits the aforementioned internal material force to the load measuring assembly 102, and the load measuring assembly 102 is used to measure the internal material force L103 transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the second load bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 is moved from the position of the first measuring boundary 1018 to the position of the second measuring boundary 1019, and the change of the position of the second load bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 will change the internal material force transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 from L103 to L1031.

[0084] At this point, it can be inferred that the internal material force transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 has a functional relationship with the change of the position of the second load bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 or the measured geometric quantity between the first measuring boundary 1018 and the second measuring boundary 1019.

[0085] Based on the above technical disclosure, there are various ways to determine the functional relationship, and only one technical solution is provided here for reference by those skilled in the art.

[0086] According to the point simplification formula of the space arbitrary force system, the aforementioned constraint force is a function of the simplification result; therefore, for any displacement of the second load bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103, there will be a change in multiple aforementioned constraint forces corresponding to it, and in actual measurement, if a more sensitive aforementioned constraint force is selected as the measurement object, it will achieve the purpose of simplifying the load analysis while not reducing the measurement sensitivity.

[0087] In each embodiment of the present application, the constraint between the first load bearing position 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102, and the constraint between the second load bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 and the measurement object in the later displacement measurement example can be complete constraint, and under this constraint condition, the measurement can fully reflect any displacement or any geometric quantity of the measurement object in the form of point, line or surface.

[0088] However, its measurement mechanism and load analysis are relatively complex, and it is not suitable for simple geometric quantity or displacement measurement. Therefore, under the premise that the measurement error is acceptable, the number of constraints can be appropriately reduced, and some degrees of freedom are reserved between the components, which not only reduces the difficulty of load analysis, but also simplifies the measurement mechanism, which will produce the following simplification effect.

[0089] For example, reducing the number of constraints between the elastic load transmission element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102 enables the load measuring assembly 102 to hinder the movement of the first load bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 relative to the inertial reference system 106 in at least one component direction, and further to measure the at least one component of the material internal force L1031 transmitted by the first load bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 to the load measuring assembly 102; and in the case of the post-displacement measurement, reducing the number of constraints between the measured object and the second load bearing site 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 enables the second load bearing site 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 to move synchronously with the measured object in at least one component direction.

[0090] In this way, by using the single-valued function relationship between the material internal force of the elastic load transmission element and its deformation, and the equilibrium relationship between the material internal force and the constraint force, the load measuring assembly 102 is used to measure the constraint force 107, 107',..., the change rule of the measured geometric quantity and the constraint force 107, 107',... is compared, and the functional relationship between the constraint force 107, 107',... and the measured geometric quantity is obtained; the measured geometric quantity is obtained by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107',... ; the corresponding rule between the measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity is compared, and the functional relationship between the measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity is obtained, so as to achieve the purpose of determining the magnitude of the measured geometric quantity by measuring the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107',....

[0091] In the second embodiment, the present application also provides a geometric quantity measurement method, which includes the geometric quantity measurement method described in detail in the first embodiment of the present application. For the same parts, please refer to the specific description of the first embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here. The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the elastic load transmission element 103 transmits one component (hereinafter referred to as the one-component material internal force of the elastic load transmission element 103) of the material internal force to the load measuring assembly 102 for measurement.

[0092] The purpose of using the rigid load superimposer 105 in the first embodiment of the present application is to measure the multi-component material internal force. Therefore, the rigid load superimposer 105 is omitted in the present embodiment. In order to clearly describe the present application, the present embodiment uses the drawings of the first embodiment of the present application, and it should be understood that the load measuring assembly 102 in the present embodiment includes a force measuring component 104, and the single-component material internal force is measured by the force measuring component 104 constituting the load measuring assembly 102.

[0093] The geometric quantity measurement method includes the following steps:

[0094] The second bearing position 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 senses the position and position change of the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019, Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the position sensing of the measurement boundary 1018 is shown.

[0095] The displacement measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0096] The load measurement assembly 102 is provided with a force measurement component 104, and the force measurement component 104 provides a constraint force 107 to the first bearing position 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103. The bearing position and angle of the force measurement component 104 and the first bearing position 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 are adjusted so that the force measurement component 104 provides the constraint force 107 to the first bearing position 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 according to the pre-set constraint force 107 application parameters, and the constraint force 107 in a component direction hinders the movement of the first bearing position 1032 of the elastic transmission element 103 relative to the inertial reference system 106,

[0097] The position change of the second bearing position 1031 of the elastic transmission element 103 or the to-be-measured geometric quantity will cause a change in the component material internal force of the elastic transmission element 103 transmitted to the force measurement component 104.

[0098] Therefore, the method for measuring the to-be-measured geometric quantity between the first measurement boundary 1018 and the second measurement boundary 1019 and simplifying the measurement by using the elastic transmission element 103 and the load measurement assembly 102 described in detail with reference to the first embodiment of the present application uses the force measurement component 104 constituting the load measurement assembly 102 to measure the constraint force 107, compares the change rule of the measured to-be-measured geometric quantity and the constraint force 107, obtains the functional relationship between the constraint force 107 and the to-be-measured geometric quantity, measures the to-be-measured geometric quantity by measuring the value of the constraint force 107, compares the corresponding rule between the measured to-be-measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity, and obtains the functional relationship between the to-be-measured geometric quantity and the standard geometric quantity, thereby achieving the purpose of determining the value of the to-be-measured geometric quantity by measuring the value of the constraint force 107.

[0099] In the third embodiment, a displacement measurement method is provided. Please refer to Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 Most of the steps in the displacement measurement method include the geometric quantity measurement method described in detail in the first and second embodiments. The difference is that:

[0100] The measurement includes a measurement object 101 that generates displacement;

[0101] The measurement has multiple measurement boundaries 1018, 1019, …;

[0102] The measuring object 101 moves along the trajectory of the measuring boundary 1018, 1019, … to generate the displacement to be measured.

[0103] The load measuring assembly 102 and the measuring object 101 are connected by the elastic load transmission element 103, the second load bearing part 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 moves synchronously with the measuring object 101 at least in one component direction, the measuring object 101 drives the second load bearing part 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 to move along the trajectory of the measuring boundary 1018, 1019, …, and the position change or the displacement to be measured of the measuring object 101 will cause the material internal force transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 to change, Figure 13 The schematic diagram is shown when the measuring object 101 is located at the measuring boundary 1018, Figure 14 、 Figure 15 、 Figure 16 The schematic diagram is shown when the measuring object 101 is located at the measuring boundary 1019, 1020, ….

[0104] Therefore, the method for measuring and simplifying the measurement of the geometric quantity to be measured between the first measuring boundary 1018 and the second measuring boundary 1019 by using the elastic load transmission element 103 and the load measuring assembly 102 described in detail in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the constraint force 107, 107', … is measured by using the load measuring assembly 102, the change rule of the measured displacement to be measured and the constraint force 107, 107', … is compared, the functional relationship between the constraint force 107, 107', … and the displacement to be measured is obtained, the displacement to be measured is obtained by measuring the value of the constraint force 107, 107', …, the corresponding rule between the measured displacement to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is compared, the functional relationship between the displacement to be measured and the standard geometric quantity is obtained, and thus the purpose of determining the value of the displacement to be measured is achieved by measuring the value of the constraint force 107, 107', ….

[0105] In the fourth embodiment, the present specification provides a load measuring method, please refer to Figure 6 、 Figure 7 , the measurement includes the method for measuring the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 described in detail in the first embodiment, and the difference is that:

[0106] The material internal force L103 is replaced by the measured load, the measured load is generated by applying any load to the load measuring assembly by an external load applying object, the measured load is borne by the rigid load superimposer 105, and the measured load causes the rigid load superimposer 105 to move or have a tendency to move.

[0107] Therefore, according to the method for measuring the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 in the first embodiment, the load measuring assembly 102 is used to measure the magnitude of the constraint force 107, 107', and the like, and the load application parameters of the constraint force 107, 107', and the like are preset, and the constraint force 107, 107', and the like is simplified to a simplified result. The simplified result can be a principal vector F102 and a principal moment M102, or one of the principal vector F102 and the principal moment M102 can be 0. The simplified result is balanced with the to-be-measured load, so as to indirectly measure the to-be-measured load.

[0108] Based on the method provided in the above embodiments, corresponding devices are also provided in the specification.

[0109] In the fifth embodiment, please refer to Figure 9 , a geometric quantity measuring device is provided, which includes the load measuring assembly 102 and the elastic load transmission element 103.

[0110] The specific composition and functions of the load measuring assembly 102 and the elastic load transmission element 103 are described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 5 , the load bearing part of the elastic load transmission element 103 includes at least one load bearing unit 10311, 10321, 10322, and the load bearing unit 10311, 10321, 10322 of the load bearing part of the elastic load transmission element 103 is used to bear the single-component positive, negative, or positive and negative two-directional force L101, 10313 and 10314 of the load application object on the elastic load transmission element 103. The load bearing form of the concentrated load L101 and the couple moment load L102 is only schematically shown in the figure, and it should be understood that the material internal force transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 has an effect on the load measuring assembly 102 through the first load bearing part 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103, and the effect of the force in each component direction is transmitted to the load measuring assembly 102 by the load bearing unit 10321, 10322 of the first load bearing part 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 8 , the rigid load superimposer 105 is only provided with the load bearing parts 1051 and 1052. The load bearing parts 1051 and 1052 of the rigid load superimposer 105 bear the effect of the elastic load transmission element 103 or the force measuring part 104 on the rigid load superimposer 105, which includes at least one load bearing unit 10521, 10522, 10523, 10524, and the like.

[0113] The rigid load superimposer 105 bears the load units 10521, 10522, 10523, 10524, … of the bearing sites, for bearing the single component positive, negative or both positive and negative directional forces 107, 107', … of the elastic load transmission element 103 or the force measuring component 104 to the rigid load superimposer 105. The figure only schematically shows the bearing form of the rigid load superimposer 105 to any load in the plane,

[0114] It should be understood that the material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 has an effect on the load measuring assembly 102, which is borne by the fourth bearing site 1051 of the rigid load superimposer 105, and the effect of the force in each component direction is borne by the load units of the fourth bearing site 1051 of the rigid load superimposer 105, which has the same bearing form as the effect of the force measuring component 104 on the load measuring assembly 102.

[0115] The load measuring assembly 102 comprises the following features: the effect of the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 on the rigid load superimposer 105 is borne by the fourth bearing site 1051 of the rigid load superimposer 105; the effect of the force measuring component 104 on the rigid load superimposer 105 is borne by the third bearing site 1052 of the rigid load superimposer 105, the force measuring component 104 is arranged according to the pre-set position parameters, the force measuring component 104 hinders the movement of the third bearing site 1052 of the rigid load superimposer 105 relative to it, and the force measuring component 104 measures the constraint force 107, 107', … provided by it.

[0116] Referring to the simplified arrangement measures of the measured geometric quantity measuring component described in detail in the first embodiment of the present application, the purpose of simplifying the load analysis can be achieved; the load measuring assembly 102 can hinder the movement of the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 relative to the inertial reference system 106 in at least one component direction, thereby measuring the material internal force L103, L1031 transmitted by the first bearing site 1032 of the elastic load transmission element 103 to the load measuring assembly 102 in at least one component; and in the case of post-displacement measurement, reducing the number of constraints between the measured object and the second bearing site 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 can make the second bearing site 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 and the measured object move synchronously in at least one component direction.

[0117] The geometric quantity measuring device of the embodiment has the following features: the elastic transmission element 103 second bearing site 1031 senses the position and position change between the external measuring boundary, the material internal force transmitted by the elastic transmission element 103 is transmitted by the elastic transmission element 103 first bearing site 1032 to the load measuring assembly 102, and the load measuring assembly 102 at least in one component direction hinders the elastic transmission element 103 first bearing site 1032 from generating movement relative to it.

[0118] Up to now, the sixth embodiment provided in the specification achieves the purpose of determining the value of the geometric quantity to be measured.

[0119] The sixth embodiment provided in the specification is a geometric quantity measuring device, which comprises the geometric quantity measuring device described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the application, and differs from the fifth embodiment in that:

[0120] The elastic transmission element 103 transmits one component (hereinafter referred to as the elastic transmission element 103 one-component material internal force) of the material internal force thereof to the load measuring assembly 102 for measurement;

[0121] The elastic transmission element 103 first bearing site 1032 transmits the elastic transmission element 103 one-component material internal force to the load measuring assembly 102;

[0122] The load measuring assembly 102 is composed of one of the force measuring components 104, and is used for measuring the elastic transmission element 103 one-component material internal force. In the fifth embodiment of the application, the rigid load superimposer 105 is used for measuring the multi-component material internal force, so the rigid load superimposer 105 is omitted in the present embodiment. In order to make the description of the present application simple and clear, the present embodiment uses the drawings of the fifth embodiment of the application, and it should be understood that the elastic transmission element 103 one-component material internal force is measured by the force measuring component 104 in the present embodiment.

[0123] The force measuring component 104 is set according to the preset position parameter, and the force measuring component 104 hinders the elastic transmission element 103 first bearing site 1032 from generating movement relative to it in one component direction.

[0124] In this way, the sixth embodiment provided in the specification achieves the purpose of determining the value of the geometric quantity to be measured.

[0125] The seventh embodiment provided in the specification is a displacement measuring device, which comprises the geometric quantity measuring device described in detail in the fifth and sixth embodiments of the application, and please refer to Figure 13 , and differs from the fifth and sixth embodiments in that:

[0126] The external measuring object 101 moves along the measuring boundary 1018, 1019, 1020, … trajectory to generate the displacement to be measured;

[0127] The second bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 moves synchronously with the external measurement object 101 in at least one component direction,

[0128] The external measurement object 101 drives the second bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 to move, and the second bearing position 1031 of the elastic load transmission element 103 is configured to sense the position and the position change of the external measurement object 101 relative to the load measuring assembly 102.

[0129] In this way, the seventh embodiment provided in the present specification achieves the purpose of determining the value of the displacement to be measured.

[0130] The eighth embodiment provided in the present specification is a load measuring device, please refer to Figure 6 、 Figure 7 , which comprises the load measuring assembly 102 described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the present application, and the difference is that:

[0131] The material internal force L103 transmitted by the elastic load transmission element 103 is replaced by the load to be measured;

[0132] The fourth bearing position 1051 of the rigid load superimposer 105 bears the load to be measured;

[0133] The bearing units 10521, 10522, 10523, 10524, … of the bearing positions 1051, 1052 of the rigid load superimposer 105 comprise the single component positive, negative or positive and negative two directions of the force 107, 107', … of the load measuring component 104 acting on the rigid load superimposer 105.

[0134] In this way, the eighth embodiment provided in the present specification achieves the purpose of measuring the load to be measured.

[0135] According to the ninth embodiment of the geometric quantity measuring method and the device thereof, an elastic load transmission element, please refer to Figure 5 , which comprises the elastic load transmission element described in detail in the fifth embodiment of the present application, and is used to transmit any load.

[0136] The present specification elaborates the measurement method and measurement device of geometric quantity, arbitrary displacement and arbitrary load, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, the structure form of the described measurement device, the providing mode, the number of constraints and the number of loads borne by the rigid load superimposer will also have various changes; the above-mentioned examples can also be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner, applied to more technical fields of measuring geometric quantity, displacement and load by using mechanical measurement method. Therefore, the equivalent implementation or replacement and various forms of equivalent combination made without departing from the concept of the present application shall be considered to belong to the protection range determined by the claims submitted by the present application.

Claims

1. A method of measuring a geometric quantity, characterized by, The geometry measurement method adopts an elastic load transmission element and a load measurement assembly. The elastic load transmission element is used to sense the position change of the measurement boundary relative to the inertial reference system. The elastic load transmission element converts the position change between the measurement boundaries into the change of the internal force of the material of the elastic load transmission element, and transmits the internal force of the material to the load measurement assembly. The elastic load transmission element at least includes a first load bearing part and a second load bearing part. The first load bearing part is used to transmit the internal force of the material to the load measurement assembly, and the second load bearing part is used to sense the position change between the measurement boundaries. The load measurement assembly is used to measure the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measurement assembly, and the load measurement assembly is used as the measurement reference of the inertial reference system. The load measurement assembly includes a rigid load superimposer and at least one force measuring component. The force measuring component is used to measure the constraint force provided by the force measuring component, and the measurement reference of the inertial reference system is used as the measurement reference. The method comprises: The first measurement boundary or the second measurement boundary is connected to the load measurement assembly through the elastic load transmission element. The load measurement assembly at least hinders the movement of the first load bearing part relative to the inertial reference system in one component direction. The measurement boundary and the load measurement assembly deform the elastic load transmission element and generate corresponding internal forces of the material. At least one component of the internal force of the material is measured by the load measurement assembly. The position change of the second load bearing part or the to-be-measured geometry will change the internal force of the material transmitted by the first load bearing part to the load measurement assembly. The constraint force is measured by the load measurement assembly. The function relationship between the constraint force and the to-be-measured geometry is obtained by comparison. The to-be-measured geometry is obtained by measuring the value of the constraint force. The function relationship between the to-be-measured geometry and the standard geometry is obtained by comparison. The value of the to-be-measured geometry is determined.

2. The geometric measurement method of claim 1, wherein, Before measurement, the method further comprises the step of measuring the internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measurement assembly using the load measurement assembly. The step comprises: The load parameter of the constraint force is preset. The force measuring component and the rigid load superimposer are adjusted so that the force measuring component provides the constraint force to the rigid load superimposer according to the preset load parameter of the constraint force. The constraint force hinders the movement of the rigid load superimposer relative to the inertial reference system. The internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measurement assembly is borne by the rigid load superimposer. The internal force of the material causes the movement or the tendency of movement of the rigid load superimposer. The value of the constraint force is measured by the load measurement assembly. The constraint force is simplified by combining the preset load parameter of the constraint force. The internal force of the material transmitted by the elastic load transmission element to the load measurement assembly is indirectly measured.

3. The geometric measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The load measuring assembly comprises the force measuring component; the elastic load transmitting element transmits a component of the material internal force to the force measuring component; the first load bearing site transmits the component of the material internal force to the force measuring component; the force measuring component is used to measure the component of the material internal force transmitted by the elastic load transmitting element to the force measuring component; During measurement, the load parameter of the constraint force is preset, the force measuring component and the first load bearing site are adjusted so that the force measuring component provides the constraint force to the first load bearing site according to the preset load parameter of the constraint force, and the constraint force hinders the movement of the first load bearing site relative to the inertial reference system in a component direction; The position change of the second load bearing site or the to-be-measured geometric quantity causes a change in the component of the material internal force transmitted by the first load bearing site to the force measuring component; The constraint force is measured by using the force measuring component, and a functional relationship between the constraint force and the to-be-measured geometric quantity is obtained by comparison, the to-be-measured geometric quantity is obtained by measuring the value of the constraint force, a functional relationship between the to-be-measured geometric quantity and a standard geometric quantity is obtained by comparison, and the value of the to-be-measured geometric quantity is determined.

4. A displacement measurement method characterized by, The geometric quantity measurement method comprises any one of claims 1 to 3, The load measuring assembly and the measurement object are connected by the elastic load transmitting element, the second load bearing site moves synchronously with the measurement object in at least a component direction, and the method comprises: The measurement object drives the second load bearing site to move along a plurality of measurement boundary trajectories and generates a to-be-measured displacement; The position change of the measurement object or the to-be-measured displacement causes a change in the material internal force transmitted by the first load bearing site to the load measuring assembly; The constraint force is measured by using the load measuring assembly, and a functional relationship between the constraint force and the to-be-measured displacement is obtained by comparison, the to-be-measured displacement is obtained by measuring the value of the constraint force, a functional relationship between the to-be-measured displacement and a standard geometric quantity is obtained by comparison, and the value of the to-be-measured displacement is determined.

5. A load measuring method characterized by, The load measurement method comprises the step of measuring the material internal force by using the load measuring assembly in the geometric quantity measurement method of claim 1 or 2, the material internal force comprises a to-be-measured load, the to-be-measured load is borne by the rigid load superimposer, the to-be-measured load causes the rigid load superimposer to move or have a movement tendency, the to-be-measured load is measured by the load measuring assembly, and the load measurement method further comprises the following steps: according to the load parameter of the constraint force, a constraint force is simplified to a simplified result, the simplified result is balanced with the to-be-measured load, and the to-be-measured load is measured.

6. A geometric measurement device, characterized by, Comprise: An elastic load carrier element for sensing a position change of a measurement boundary relative to an inertial reference frame and converting the position change between the measurement boundary into a change in material internal force; the elastic load carrier element comprises at least a first load carrying site and a second load carrying site; the load carrying sites of the elastic load carrier element comprise at least one load carrying unit; the load carrying units of the load carrying sites of the elastic load carrier element comprise a single component positive, negative or both positive and negative force of a load application object acting on the elastic load carrier element; A load measuring assembly for measuring the material internal force transferred by the elastic load carrier element to the load measuring assembly, with the inertial reference frame as the measurement reference; the load measuring assembly comprises a rigid load stacker and at least one force measuring component; the force measuring component is used to measure the constraint force provided by the force measuring component, with the inertial reference frame as the measurement reference; the rigid load stacker is provided with only a third load carrying site and a fourth load carrying site; the load carrying sites of the rigid load stacker comprise at least one load carrying unit; the load carrying units of the load carrying sites of the rigid load stacker comprise a single component positive, negative or both positive and negative force of the elastic load carrier element or the force measuring component acting on the rigid load stacker; the fourth load carrying site carries the effect of the first load carrying site acting on the rigid load stacker, and the third load carrying site carries the effect of the force measuring component acting on the rigid load stacker; the force measuring component is arranged according to a predetermined position parameter, and the force measuring component hinders the third load carrying site from moving relative to it; the force measuring component measures the constraint force provided by it; The second load carrying site is used to sense the position change between the measurement boundary, the material internal force is transferred by the first load carrying site to the load measuring assembly, and the load measuring assembly hinders the first load carrying site from moving relative to it in at least one component direction; the material internal force is measured by the load measuring assembly.

7. The geometric measurement device of claim 6, wherein, The load measuring assembly comprises one force measuring component; the elastic load carrier element transfers one component of the material internal force to the force measuring component; the first load carrying site transfers the one component of the material internal force to the force measuring component; the force measuring component is used to measure the one component of the material internal force transferred by the elastic load carrier element to the force measuring component; the force measuring component is arranged according to a predetermined position parameter, and the force measuring component hinders the first load carrying site from moving relative to it in one component direction.

8. A displacement measuring device characterized by Comprise: The geometric quantity measuring device of claim 6 or 7, the second load carrying site of the displacement measuring device moves synchronously with an external measurement object in at least one component direction; the second load carrying site is used to sense the position and position change of the external measurement object relative to the load measuring assembly.

9. A load measuring device, characterized by, The load measuring assembly of claim 6, wherein the internal force of the material comprises a load to be measured; the fourth load bearing site bears the load to be measured; the bearing unit of the rigid load stacker bearing site comprises a bearing of the load to be measured or a single component of the force part acting on the rigid load stacker in a positive direction, a negative direction or both directions.

10. An elastomeric load carrier element, characterized in that The elastic load transmitting element of claim 6, which can transmit any load.

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