Indirect cooling heat exchange type zero carbon emission gas turbine cycle system and cycle method

Abstract

The present invention provides an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system and circulation method, belonging to the field of gas turbines. The system solves the problem of cooling air consumption control of turbine cooling and the inability to realize cascade utilization of energy in the system. It includes a gas turbine, an ammonia fuel system and an integrated indirect cooling heat exchanger, wherein the gas turbine includes a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, the ammonia fuel system includes a liquid ammonia component and an ammonia cracking reactor, the integrated indirect cooling heat exchanger includes a low-temperature heat exchanger, a medium-temperature heat exchanger and a high-temperature heat exchanger connected in series in sequence, the air inlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the outside air, the air outlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air distributor through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the air distributor is connected to the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange pipeline of the turbine, and the heat exchange pipeline outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere. The present invention is suitable for clean combustion of gas turbines or aircraft engines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of gas turbines, and in particular relates to an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system and a circulation method. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of "dual carbon" in my country's energy field, zero carbon emissions of gas turbines face major technical demands. Ammonia is a fuel with zero carbon properties. The use of ammonia fuel in gas turbines is one of the important technical paths for gas turbines to achieve zero carbon emissions. Ammonia is composed of two elements, hydrogen and nitrogen, and is an efficient hydrogen carrier. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia is easy to liquefy and can be transported and stored at low cost. my country's ammonia production ranks first in the world, and its preparation and transportation technology and infrastructure are mature. Using new energy to generate green hydrogen, converting green hydrogen into ammonia for storage and transportation, and then generating electricity with ammonia fuel or ammonia-based mixed fuel is also one of the realistic technical ways to solve the volatility, intermittency and randomness of renewable energy in my country in the future.

[0003] Ammonia is difficult to burn, has a low flame propagation speed, and has a narrow flammable boundary, which is one of the key issues facing the application of ammonia gas turbines. Hydrogen has the opposite combustion characteristics to ammonia, and the two have good complementarity and can form a mixed fuel for combustion. Through ammonia cracking technology, ammonia is cracked into hydrogen and nitrogen, and then mixed with ammonia to form a hydrogen-ammonia mixed fuel without external hydrogen source input.

[0004] One of the main ways to improve the performance of modern gas turbines is to increase the pressure ratio and temperature ratio. The increase in pressure ratio brings great difficulties to the design of gas turbine compressors. This is because as the air is gradually compressed, the air temperature and volume flow rate also increase, which makes compression at high pressure ratio more difficult, and requires a larger compressor size to achieve compression. The intercooling heat exchange technology of the gas turbine compressor is used to cool the supercharged air, which solves the supercharging problem under high pressure ratio. However, the intercooling heat exchange technology requires the input of cold working fluid, which indirectly affects the efficiency of the gas turbine cycle system. In addition, under the high temperature ratio requirement, when the gas turbine turbine plane faces higher temperature gas, it needs to do work at a higher temperature, and the turbine needs more cooling air for cooling protection. Cooling air is generally obtained from compressor extraction. The higher the temperature ratio of the gas turbine, the greater the demand for cooling air, and the more complex the cooling technology of the turbine blades, which leads to a decrease in gas turbine efficiency. The cooling technology of the turbine blades also limits the improvement of the temperature ratio. Therefore, how to control the cooling air consumption is a key problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system and circulation method to solve the problems of cooling air consumption control of turbine cooling and the inability to achieve cascade utilization of energy in the system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution created by the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] An indirect heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system, comprising a gas turbine, an ammonia fuel system and an integrated indirect heat exchanger, wherein the gas turbine comprises a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, wherein the low-pressure compressor, the high-pressure compressor and the turbine are coaxially arranged and connected via a rotating shaft, the ammonia fuel system comprises a liquid ammonia component and an ammonia cracking reactor, and the integrated indirect heat exchanger comprises a low-temperature heat exchanger, a medium-temperature heat exchanger and a high-temperature heat exchanger connected in series in sequence;

[0008] The cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia component, the cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the cold end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger, the cold end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia distributor, the first output port of the ammonia distributor is connected to the reactant inlet of the ammonia cracking reactor through a pipeline, the second output port of the ammonia distributor is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and the mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline;

[0009] The air inlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the outside air, the air outlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air distributor through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the air distributor is connected to the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange pipeline of the turbine, the heat exchange pipeline outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere, the second air outlet of the air distributor is connected to the hot end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger, the hot end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure compressor, the air outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet of the turbine, the air outlet of the turbine is connected to the hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, and the hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0010] Furthermore, the liquid ammonia assembly includes a liquid ammonia storage tank, a liquid ammonia pipeline and a liquid ammonia booster pump. The liquid inlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank, the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the liquid ammonia booster pump is installed on the liquid ammonia pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, a mixer is provided on the pipeline connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber, the second output port of the ammonia distributor is connected to the mixer through the pipeline, the mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor is connected to the mixer, and the output port of the mixer is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the heat exchange pipeline of the turbine and the gas pipeline are separated and not connected to each other, and the turbine adopts a closed cooling form, that is, the cooling air does not enter the turbine to mix with the gas.

[0013] Furthermore, the outside air is pressurized by the low-pressure compressor and then divided into cooling air and working air through an air distributor, and the cooling air accounts for 5%-15% of the total air volume.

[0014] Furthermore, in the low-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid ammonia remains in liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid ammonia becomes ammonia gas; in the high-temperature heat exchanger, the temperature of the ammonia gas rises to the catalytic cracking working temperature range.

[0015] Furthermore, the ammonia passing through the high temperature heat exchanger is distributed into cracked ammonia and original ammonia through an ammonia distributor, the cracked ammonia accounts for 30-90% of the total ammonia, the cracked ammonia is used to provide raw materials for the ammonia cracking reactor, and the original ammonia is used to provide fuel for the combustion chamber.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the low-temperature heat exchanger is 1%-2%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the medium-temperature heat exchanger is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the high-temperature heat exchanger is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the cold working medium in the integrated inter-cooling heat exchanger is 4%-6%, and the pressure loss of the ammonia cracking reactor is 4%-6%.

[0017] Furthermore, the ammonia cracking reactor is a tubular reactor or a tower reactor.

[0018] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a circulation method for an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. After the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank is pressurized by the liquid ammonia booster pump, it enters the low-temperature heat exchanger, the medium-temperature heat exchanger and the high-temperature heat exchanger of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger in sequence. In the low-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid ammonia cools the cooling air and the liquid ammonia remains in liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger, the liquid ammonia cools the working air and vaporizes to form ammonia; in the high-temperature heat exchanger, the ammonia cools the fuel gas and the ammonia temperature rises to the catalytic cracking working temperature range; the ammonia flowing out of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger is divided into two parts, namely, cracked ammonia and original ammonia. The cracked ammonia enters the ammonia cracking reactor and reacts and cracks under the action of the catalyst. The cracking products are nitrogen and hydrogen. The ammonia cracking gas produced by the ammonia cracking reactor is mixed with the original ammonia to form a hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel, which enters the combustion chamber for combustion;

[0020] S2. After being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor, the air is divided into cooling air and working air. The cooling air enters the low-temperature heat exchanger of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger, and is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia to form low-temperature cooling air, which is then input into the turbine to cool the turbine. The cooling air does not enter the turbine to mix with the fuel gas, and is discharged into the atmosphere after cooling the turbine.

[0021] S3. The working air enters the medium-temperature heat exchanger of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger, is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia, and forms low-temperature working air. The working air then enters the high-pressure compressor. After being pressurized by the high-pressure compressor, the working air and the fuel react chemically in the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas. After the combustion gas expands through the turbine and performs work, it enters the high-temperature heat exchanger of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger, is cooled after heat exchange with ammonia, and is discharged.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system created by the present invention are:

[0023] (1) The indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system created by the present invention realizes the efficient cascade utilization of energy in the gas turbine cycle system.

[0024] (2) The invention creates an indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system. Since ammonia is the only fuel source, the invention realizes the ammonia cracking reaction without an additional heat source, and the fuel is ultimately a hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel, thereby achieving zero carbon emissions. The presence of nitrogen in the fuel plays a diluting role and can reduce NOx emissions.

[0025] (3) In modern gas turbines, as the initial temperature of the gas before the turbine gradually increases, the cooling air consumption also increases accordingly. The cooling air volume generally accounts for about 20% of the total air volume, or even more. After cooling the components, the cooling air must be mixed with the gas to increase the flow of the working fluid in the turbine to increase the output power. However, the disadvantage of this design is that the cooling system is complex, and the heat transfer and mass transfer process of the cooling air need to be considered. The cooling air back pressure is high (for cooling the high-pressure end of the turbine, it is necessary to extract air from the compressor outlet, the extraction pressure is generally greater than 20 bar, and the extraction temperature is about 450-550℃; for cooling the low-pressure end of the turbine, it is necessary to extract air from the middle stage of the compressor, the extraction pressure is generally 10-15 bar, and the extraction temperature is about 300-400℃). The pressure and temperature of the cooling air extraction point increase accordingly, and the cooling effect becomes worse. In addition, after the cooling air is mixed with the gas, the gas temperature decreases, resulting in reduced turbine efficiency.

[0026] The present invention uses low-temperature liquid ammonia without an additional cold source to achieve a significant reduction in the temperature and consumption of gas turbine cooling air. The amount of cooling air accounts for 5%-15% of the total air volume, and the temperature range of cooling air is 60-100°C. The gas turbine in the present invention adopts a closed cooling system to reduce the difficulty of cooling system design. Only the cooling air heat transfer process is considered. After the cooling air cools the components, it is directly discharged into the atmosphere. Therefore, the cooling air back pressure is low, and the cooling air pressure can be lower than 10 bar. The cooling air can be extracted when the outlet pressure of the low-pressure compressor is low. In addition, by utilizing the characteristic that liquid ammonia vaporization requires a large amount of heat absorption to cool the working air, the efficiency of the high-pressure compressor under the high pressure ratio can be improved, and the high-pressure compressor can be made smaller in size and more compact in structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings constituting part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an indirect cooling and heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Low-pressure compressor; 2. High-pressure compressor; 3. Combustion chamber; 4. Turbine; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Liquid ammonia storage tank; 7. Liquid ammonia booster pump; 8. Ammonia cracking reactor; 9. Integrated intercooling heat exchanger; 10. Low-temperature heat exchanger; 11. Medium-temperature heat exchanger; 12. High-temperature heat exchanger; 13. Air distributor; 14. Ammonia distributor; 15. Mixer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, an indirect heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system includes a gas turbine, an ammonia fuel system and an integrated indirect heat exchanger 9, wherein the gas turbine includes a low-pressure compressor 1, a high-pressure compressor 2, a combustion chamber 3 and a turbine 4, wherein the low-pressure compressor 1, the high-pressure compressor 2 and the turbine 4 are coaxially arranged and connected via a rotating shaft 5, the ammonia fuel system includes a liquid ammonia component and an ammonia cracking reactor 8, and the integrated indirect heat exchanger 9 includes a low-temperature heat exchanger 10, a medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 and a high-temperature heat exchanger 12 which are sequentially connected in series;

[0036] The cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia component, the cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 is connected to the cold end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, the cold end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 is connected to the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 12, the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 is connected to the ammonia distributor 14, the first output port of the ammonia distributor 14 is connected to the reactant inlet of the ammonia cracking reactor 8 through a pipeline, the second output port of the ammonia distributor 14 is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 3 through a pipeline, and the mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor 8 is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 3 through a pipeline;

[0037] The air inlet of the low-pressure compressor 1 is connected to the outside air, the air outlet of the low-pressure compressor 1 is connected to the air inlet of the air distributor 13 through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the air distributor 13 is connected to the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 is connected to the heat exchange pipeline of the turbine 4, the heat exchange pipeline outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere, the second air outlet of the air distributor 13 is connected to the hot end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, the hot end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure compressor 2, the air outlet of the high-pressure compressor 2 is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber 3, the gas outlet of the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air inlet of the turbine 4, the air outlet of the turbine 4 is connected to the hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 12, and the hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 is connected to the outside atmosphere.

[0038] The present application discloses an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system, which is an effective means to reduce the cooling air consumption by lowering the temperature of the cooling air. In this circulation system, the liquid ammonia vaporization process needs to absorb a large amount of heat. The liquid ammonia vaporization process is used to achieve a significant cooling of the cooling air and the working air, which can not only improve the cooling effect of the cooling air, but also reduce the cooling air consumption. In addition, since no external cold source is required, it is very beneficial to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine.

[0039] This application utilizes the principle of energy cascade utilization and innovatively proposes an intercooled heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system, in which liquid ammonia is the only fuel source; through the liquid ammonia vaporization process, the cooling air and the working air are cooled respectively, so as to reduce the cooling air consumption and improve the compressor efficiency; the exhaust gas is used to heat part of the ammonia, so that the ammonia is heated to the catalytic cracking working temperature, and the cracking efficiency is improved; by changing the proportion of ammonia used for cracking to the total ammonia amount, the distribution ratio of the hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel component is adjusted. The presence of nitrogen in the fuel realizes fuel dilution combustion, which helps to reduce NOx emissions.

[0040] The liquid ammonia assembly includes a liquid ammonia storage tank 6, a liquid ammonia pipeline and a liquid ammonia booster pump 7. The liquid inlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank 6, and the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10. The liquid ammonia booster pump 7 is installed on the liquid ammonia pipeline, and the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 6 is input into the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 through the liquid ammonia booster pump 7.

[0041] A mixer 15 is provided on the pipeline connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 3. The second output port of the ammonia distributor 14 is connected to the mixer 15 through the pipeline. The mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor 8 is connected to the mixer 15. The output port of the mixer 15 is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 3. By providing the mixer 15, the fuel is better mixed before entering the combustion chamber 3, so that the combustion in the combustion chamber 3 is more complete.

[0042] The heat exchange pipeline of turbine 4 is separated from the gas pipeline and is not connected to each other. The turbine 4 adopts a closed cooling form, that is, the cooling air does not enter the turbine 4 to mix with the gas. This method reduces the difficulty of designing the cooling system and only considers the heat transfer process of the cooling air. After the cooling air cools the components, it is directly discharged into the atmosphere, so the cooling air back pressure is low.

[0043] After being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor 1, the outside air is divided into cooling air and working air through the air distributor 13, and the cooling air volume accounts for 5%-15% of the total air volume. In the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the liquid ammonia is maintained in a liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, the liquid ammonia is converted into ammonia gas; in the high-temperature heat exchanger 12, the temperature of the ammonia gas rises to the catalytic cracking working temperature range (500-600°C), and the ammonia gas passing through the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 is distributed into cracked ammonia gas and original ammonia gas through the ammonia distributor 14, the cracked ammonia gas accounts for 30-90% of the total ammonia gas, the cracked ammonia gas is used to provide raw materials for the ammonia cracking reactor 8, and the original ammonia gas is used to provide fuel for the combustion chamber 3. The pressure loss of the hot working medium in the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 is 1%-2%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the cold working medium in the integrated inter-cooling heat exchanger 9 is 4%-6%, and the pressure loss of the ammonia cracking reactor 8 is 4%-6%.

[0044] The ammonia cracking reactor 8 is a tubular reactor or a tower reactor, and may also be other types of cracking reactor structures in the prior art. It is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the present application, and those skilled in the art may make a specific selection according to specific needs.

[0045] A circulation method for an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 6 is pressurized by the liquid ammonia booster pump 7, and then enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9 in sequence. In the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the liquid ammonia cools the cooling air, and the liquid ammonia remains in liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, the liquid ammonia cools the working air and vaporizes to become ammonia; in the high-temperature heat exchanger 12, the ammonia cools the fuel gas, and the ammonia temperature rises to the catalytic cracking working temperature range (500-600°C); the ammonia flowing out of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9 is divided into two parts, namely, cracked ammonia and original ammonia. The cracked ammonia enters the ammonia cracking reactor 8, and reacts and cracks under the action of the catalyst. The cracking products are nitrogen and hydrogen, and the cracking rate is 30%-100%. The ammonia cracking gas produced by the ammonia cracking reactor 8 is mixed with the original ammonia to form a hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel, which enters the combustion chamber 3 for combustion;

[0047] S2, after being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor 1, the air is divided into cooling air and working air. The cooling air enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, and is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia to form low-temperature cooling air. The low-temperature cooling air has a temperature of 60-100°C and is input into the turbine 4 to cool the turbine 4. The cooling air does not enter the turbine 4 to mix with the fuel gas, and is discharged into the atmosphere after cooling the turbine 4.

[0048] S3, the working air enters the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia, forms low-temperature working air, and enters the high-pressure compressor 2. After being pressurized by the high-pressure compressor 2, the working air and the fuel react chemically in the combustion chamber 3 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas; after the combustion gas expands and performs work through the turbine 4, it enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, is cooled after heat exchange with ammonia, and is discharged.

[0049] A specific example of a circulation method for an indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system is given below:

[0050] The pressure loss of hot working fluid in low-temperature heat exchanger is 1%, that of medium-temperature heat exchanger is 2%, that of high-temperature heat exchanger is 2%, that of cold working fluid in integrated intercooling heat exchanger is 5%; the pressure loss of ammonia cracking reactor is 4%;

[0051] A circulation method for an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0052] The pressure and temperature in S1 and the liquid ammonia storage tank 6 are 20 bar and 15°C respectively, and the liquid ammonia flow rate is 60 kg / s. After the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 6 is pressurized by the liquid ammonia booster pump 7, the liquid ammonia pressure is 30 bar, and it enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9 in sequence. In the low-temperature heat exchanger 10, the liquid ammonia cools the cooling air, and the liquid ammonia maintains a liquid state. The pressure and temperature of the liquid ammonia are 29.7 bar and 65.4°C respectively; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, the liquid ammonia cools the working air and vaporizes to become ammonia gas. The pressure and temperature of the ammonia gas are 29.11 bar and 300°C respectively; in the high-temperature heat exchanger 12, the ammonia The gas cools down the fuel gas, and the pressure and temperature of the ammonia are 28.52 bar and 550°C respectively. The ammonia flowing out of the integrated intercooler heat exchanger 9 is divided into two parts, namely cracked ammonia and original ammonia. The cracked ammonia accounts for 50% of the total ammonia. The cracked ammonia enters the ammonia cracking reactor and reacts and cracks under the action of the catalyst. The cracking products are nitrogen and hydrogen, and the cracking rate is 100%. The pressure and temperature of the ammonia cracking gas are 27.38 bar and 100°C respectively. The ammonia cracking gas produced by the ammonia cracking reactor is mixed with the original ammonia to form a hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel with a temperature of 302.8°C. The volume fractions of the three components are 50%, 33.3% and 16.7% respectively, and enter the combustion chamber 3 for combustion;

[0053] S2, the air flow rate is 860kg / s. After being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor 1, the air pressure and temperature are 10bar and 363.3℃ respectively. It is divided into cooling air and working air. The cooling air volume is 86kg / s, accounting for 10% of the total air volume; the cooling air enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 10 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, and is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia to form low-temperature cooling air. The low-temperature cooling air pressure and temperature are 9.9bar and 80℃ respectively, and is input into the turbine 4 to cool the turbine 4. Since the turbine 4 adopts a closed cooling method, the cooling air does not enter the turbine 4 to mix with the fuel gas, and is discharged into the atmosphere after cooling the turbine 4;

[0054] S3, the working air volume is 774kg / s, and enters the medium-temperature heat exchanger 11 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, and is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia to form low-temperature working air. The pressure and temperature of the low-temperature working air are 9.8bar and 255.2℃ respectively, and enters the high-pressure compressor 2; after being pressurized by the high-pressure compressor 2, the working air pressure and temperature are 23bar and 438.8℃ respectively, and the working air and the fuel react chemically in the combustion chamber 3 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas. The pressure loss of the combustion chamber 3 is 5%, and the outlet gas pressure and temperature of the combustion chamber 3 are 21.85bar and 1500℃ respectively; after the gas expands and works through the turbine 4, the outlet gas pressure and temperature of the turbine 4 are 1.07bar and 626.8℃ respectively, and then enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 12 of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger 9, and is cooled and discharged after heat exchange with ammonia. The gas pressure and temperature after cooling are 1.05bar and 585.1℃ respectively, and the gas is discharged from the system.

[0055] The thermal load of the gas turbine is 1116.6MW, the output power is 496.23MW, the generator efficiency is 98%, and the indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system created by the present invention has a power generation capacity of 486.31MW and a power generation efficiency of 43.55%.

[0056] The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the invention well.

Claims

1. An indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gas turbine, an ammonia fuel system and an integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9), wherein the gas turbine comprises a low-pressure compressor (1), a high-pressure compressor (2), a combustion chamber (3) and a turbine (4), wherein the low-pressure compressor (1), the high-pressure compressor (2) and the turbine (4) are coaxially arranged and connected via a rotating shaft (5), the ammonia fuel system comprises a liquid ammonia component and an ammonia cracking reactor (8), and the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9) comprises a low-temperature heat exchanger (10), a medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) and a high-temperature heat exchanger (12) which are connected in series in sequence; The cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (10) is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia component, the cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (10) is connected to the cold end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11), the cold end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) is connected to the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (12), the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (12) is connected to the ammonia distributor (14), the first output port of the ammonia distributor (14) is connected to the reactant inlet of the ammonia cracking reactor (8) through a pipeline, the second output port of the ammonia distributor (14) is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (3) through a pipeline, and the mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor (8) is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (3) through a pipeline; The air inlet of the low-pressure compressor (1) is connected to the outside air, the air outlet of the low-pressure compressor (1) is connected to the air inlet of the air distributor (13) through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the air distributor (13) is connected to the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (10), the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (10) is connected to the heat exchange pipeline of the turbine (4), the heat exchange pipeline outlet is connected to the outside atmosphere, the second air outlet of the air distributor (13) is connected to the hot end inlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11), the hot end outlet of the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) is connected to the air inlet of the high-pressure compressor (2), the air outlet of the high-pressure compressor (2) is connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber (3), the gas outlet of the combustion chamber (3) is connected to the air inlet of the turbine (4), the air outlet of the turbine (4) is connected to the hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (12), and the hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (12) is connected to the outside atmosphere; The liquid ammonia assembly comprises a liquid ammonia storage tank (6), a liquid ammonia pipeline and a liquid ammonia booster pump (7); the liquid inlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank (6); the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia pipeline is connected to the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (10); and the liquid ammonia booster pump (7) is installed on the liquid ammonia pipeline.

2. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mixer (15) is provided on a pipeline connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (3); a second output port of the ammonia distributor (14) is connected to the mixer (15) through the pipeline; a mixed gas outlet of the ammonia cracking reactor (8) is connected to the mixer (15); and an output port of the mixer (15) is connected to the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (3).

3. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange pipeline of the turbine (4) and the gas pipeline are separated from each other and are not connected. The turbine (4) adopts a closed cooling form.

4. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor (1), the outside air is divided into cooling air and working air through the air distributor (13), and the amount of cooling air accounts for 5%-15% of the total air amount.

5. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the low-temperature heat exchanger (10), the liquid ammonia is maintained in a liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11), the liquid ammonia is converted into ammonia gas; in the high-temperature heat exchanger (12), the temperature of the ammonia gas is raised to the catalytic cracking working temperature range.

6. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia gas passing through the high temperature heat exchanger (12) is distributed into cracked ammonia gas and original ammonia gas through an ammonia distributor (14), wherein the cracked ammonia gas accounts for 30-90% of the total ammonia gas. The cracked ammonia gas is used to provide raw materials for the ammonia cracking reactor (8), and the original ammonia gas is used to provide fuel for the combustion chamber (3).

7. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure loss of the hot working medium in the low-temperature heat exchanger (10) is 1%-2%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the hot working medium in the high-temperature heat exchanger (12) is 2%-4%, the pressure loss of the cold working medium in the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9) is 4%-6%, and the pressure loss of the ammonia cracking reactor (8) is 4%-6%.

8. The indirect cooling heat exchange zero-carbon emission gas turbine cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia cracking reactor (8) is a tubular reactor or a tower reactor.

9. A circulation method for an indirect cooling heat exchange type zero-carbon emission gas turbine circulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank (6) is pressurized by the liquid ammonia booster pump (7), and then enters the low-temperature heat exchanger (10), the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) and the high-temperature heat exchanger (12) of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9) in sequence. In the low-temperature heat exchanger (10), the liquid ammonia cools the cooling air, and the liquid ammonia remains in a liquid state; in the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11), the liquid ammonia cools the working air and vaporizes to form ammonia; in the high-temperature heat exchanger (12), the ammonia cools the fuel gas, and the ammonia temperature rises to the catalytic cracking working temperature range; the ammonia flowing out of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9) is divided into two parts, namely, cracked ammonia and original ammonia. The cracked ammonia enters the ammonia cracking reactor (8), and reacts and cracks under the action of the catalyst. The cracking products are nitrogen and hydrogen. The ammonia cracking gas produced by the ammonia cracking reactor (8) is mixed with the original ammonia to form a hydrogen / ammonia / nitrogen mixed fuel, which enters the combustion chamber (3) for combustion; S2, after being pressurized by the low-pressure compressor (1), the air is divided into cooling air and working air. The cooling air enters the low-temperature heat exchanger (10) of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9), is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia, and forms low-temperature cooling air. The low-temperature cooling air is then input into the turbine (4) to cool the turbine (4). The cooling air does not enter the turbine (4) to mix with the fuel gas, and is discharged into the atmosphere after cooling the turbine (4). S3, the working air enters the medium-temperature heat exchanger (11) of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9), is cooled after heat exchange with liquid ammonia, and forms low-temperature working air, and enters the high-pressure compressor (2). After being pressurized by the high-pressure compressor (2), the working air and the fuel undergo a chemical reaction in the combustion chamber (3) to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas; after the combustion gas is expanded and performs work through the turbine (4), it enters the high-temperature heat exchanger (12) of the integrated intercooling heat exchanger (9), is cooled after heat exchange with ammonia, and is discharged.

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