Humidifier reservoir

Abstract

The present invention relates to humidifier reservoirs. The present invention provides a reservoir configured to hold a volume of liquid for use in a device to humidify a pressurized air stream, the reservoir comprising a base portion and a lid portion. The reservoir can be configured to improve its level of thermal contact to a heating plate with the pressurized air stream. The reservoir can be configured to improve thermal contact between the reservoir and the heating plate by pre- compression when the reservoir is engaged with the humidifier. The reservoir can comprise a removable middle portion, which can comprise an inlet tube and / or an outlet tube to improve access for cleaning. The reservoir can also be configured to prevent overfilling. The overfilling prevention feature in the reservoir can comprise a defined flow exit path and / or in the form of an air resistance.

Description

[0001] This application is the Divisional of Chinese patent application No. 201911174296.8, filed on March 14, 2014, entitled "Humidifier reservoir", which is the Divisional of Chinese patent application No. 201710236577.6, which is the Divisional of Chinese patent application No. 201480028533.9 entering the national phase from PCT international patent application No. PCT / AU2014 / 000264.

[0002] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0003] This application claims priority from Australian provisional patent application No. 2013900901, filed on 15 March 2013, Australian provisional patent application No. 2013901965, filed on 31 May 2013, Australian provisional patent application No. 2013902601, filed on 15 July 2013, and Australian provisional patent application No. 2013904923, filed on 17 December 2013, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present technology relates to one or more of the detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and amelioration of respiratory-related disorders. In particular, the present technology relates to medical devices or apparatus, and their use. BACKGROUND

[0005] Human respiratory system

[0006] The respiratory system of the body facilitates gas exchange. The nose and mouth form the entrance to the conducting airways, leading to the lung where gas exchange takes place.

[0007] The conducting airways include a series of branching tubes and, as the tubes branch more deeply into the lung, they become narrower, shorter and more numerous. The primary function of the lung is gas exchange, allowing oxygen to move from air into venous blood and carbon dioxide from venous blood into air. The trachea divides into the right and left main bronchus, which ultimately divide further into terminal bronchioles. The bronchi form the conducting airways and do not take part in gas exchange. Branching of the airways leads further to respiratory bronchioles and ultimately to pulmonary alveoli. The pulmonary alveoli region of the lung is where gas exchange takes place and is known as the respiratory region. See West, Respiratory Physiology - The Essentials.

[0008] The range of respiratory disorders that exist.

[0009] Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a form of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) that is characterized by occlusions or obstructions of the upper air passage during sleep. OSA is caused by a combination of an abnormally small upper airway and a muscle tone collapse in the region of the tongue, soft palate and posterior oropharyngeal wall during sleep. This condition causes the affected patient to stop breathing for periods of time during sleep, sometimes as frequently as 200 to 300 times per night. This typically results in excessive daytime sleepiness, and can cause other problems, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment. While the sufferer can be unaware of the condition, it is a common disorder, particularly in middle aged males. See US Patent 4,944,310 (Sullivan).

[0010] Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) is a disorder of a patient's respiratory controller in which there are rhythmic alternating periods of waxing and waning ventilation causing repeated de-oxygenation and re-oxygenation of the arterial blood. CSR can be detrimental due to the repeated hypoxemia. In some patients CSR is associated with repeated sleep arousal, which leads to severe sleep disruption, increased sympathetic activity and increased afterload. See US Patent 6,532,959 (Berthon-Jones).

[0011] Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the combination of severe obesity with chronic hypercapnia in the absence of other known causes of hypoventilation while awake. Symptoms include dyspnea, morning headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

[0012] Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes any of a group of lower airway diseases that have certain characteristics in common. These include increased resistance to air movement, an elongated expiratory phase of breathing, and loss of the normal elasticity of the lung. Examples of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is caused by chronic tobacco smoking (the single most important risk factor), occupational exposures, air pollution, and genetic factors. Symptoms include: dyspnea on exercise, chronic cough and sputum production.

[0013] Neuromuscular Disease (NMD) is a broad term that is used to describe numerous diseases and ailments that impair muscle function and / or movement. Some NMD patients are characterised by progressive muscular impairment, which results in loss of the ability to move, be confined to a wheelchair, have difficulty swallowing, have weak respiratory muscles, and eventually die from respiratory failure. Neuromuscular dysfunction can be divided into rapidly-progressive and slowly-progressive: (i) Rapidly-progressive disorders: Characterised by muscle impairment that worsens month-by-month, and leads to death within a few years (e.g. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in teenagers). (ii) Variable or slowly-progressive disorders: Characterised by muscle impairment that worsens year-by-year, and results in death in 70 to 80 years (e.g. Limb girdle, Facioscapulohumeral, and Myotonic muscular dystrophy). Symptoms of respiratory failure in NMD include: increasing generalised weakness, dysphagia, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, fatigue, sleepiness, morning headache, and concentration and mood changes.

[0014] Chest wall disorders are a group of thoracic deformities that result in inadequate coupling of the respiratory muscles to the thoracic cage. The disorder is often characterised by a restrictive defect and can have the potential for long-term hypercapnic respiratory failure. Scoliosis and / or kyphoscoliosis can cause severe respiratory failure. Symptoms of respiratory failure include: exercise intolerance, peripheral oedema, orthopnoea, repetitive chest infections, morning headaches, fatigue, poor sleep quality, and loss of appetite.

[0015] In addition, healthy individuals can use the system and apparatus to prevent the development of a respiratory disorder.

[0016] 2.2.1 Therapy

[0017] Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy has been used to treat obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The underlying premise is that continuous positive airway pressure acts as a pneophore, and can prevent upper airway occlusion by pushing the soft palate and tongue forward and away from the posterior oropharyngeal wall.

[0018] Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) provides ventilatory support to a patient through the upper airways. The ventilatory support is provided via a patient interface. NIV has been used to treat CSR, OHS, COPD, MD, and Chest Wall disorders.

[0019] Invasive ventilation (IV) provides ventilatory support to patients who are no longer able to maintain adequate spontaneous breathing, and is provided using an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube.

[0020] A ventilator controls the timing and pressure of breaths pumped into a patient and monitors the patient's breathing. This control and monitoring typically includes volume-based and pressure-based methods. Volume-based methods may include, in particular, pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC), volume ventilation (VV), and volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) techniques. Pressure-based methods may include, in particular, assisted control (AC), synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), pressure support ventilation (PSV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) techniques.

[0021] 2.2.2 System

[0022] The treatment system may include a respiratory pressure therapy device (RPT device), an air circuit, a humidifier, a patient interface, and data management.

[0023] 2.2.3 Patient Interface

[0024] Patient interfaces can be used, for example, to interface a breathing apparatus to its user by providing an airflow. The airflow can be provided via a mask to the nose and / or mouth, or via a tracheostomy tube to the user's trachea. Depending on the treatment to be applied, the patient interface can, for example, form a seal with the patient's facial area to facilitate the delivery of air at a pressure sufficient to influence the treatment, such as a positive pressure of approximately 10 cmH2O, depending on changes in ambient pressure. For other forms of treatment, such as oxygen delivery, the patient interface may not include a seal sufficient to facilitate the delivery of air to the air supply at a positive pressure of approximately 10 cmH2O. Some masks suffer from one or more of the following: conspicuousness, unsightly appearance, high cost, poor fit, difficulty in use, and discomfort (especially when worn for extended periods or when the patient is unfamiliar with the system). Masks designed solely as part of personal protective equipment for pilots or for the administration of anesthetics may be tolerable for their initial application, but are undesirably uncomfortable for extended wear, such as during sleep or throughout the day.

[0025] 2.2.4 Respiratory Pressure Therapy (RPT) Equipment

[0026] One known RPT device for treating sleep-disordered breathing is the ResMed S9 Sleep Therapy System. Another example of a RPT device is a ventilator. Ventilators include the ResMed Stellar... TM The range of adult and pediatric ventilators can support invasive and non-invasive non-dependent ventilation for a wide range of patients to treat conditions such as, but not limited to, NMD, OHS, and COPD.

[0027] ResMedElisée TM150 Ventilator and ResMed VS III TM Ventilators can provide support for invasive and non-invasive dependent ventilation for adults or paediatric patients for treating a variety of conditions. These ventilators provide volume and pressure ventilation modes with single or dual limb circuits.

[0028] RPT devices typically include a pressure generator such as a motor-driven blower or a compressed gas reservoir, and are configured to supply a flow of air to the airway of a patient. In some cases, the flow of air can be supplied to the airway of a patient at positive pressure. The outlet of the PRT device is connected via an air circuit to a patient interface such as those described above.

[0029] RPT devices typically also include an inlet filter, a plurality of sensors, and a microprocessor-based controller. The blower can include a servo-controlled motor, a volute, and an impeller. In some cases, a brake for the motor can be implemented to more quickly reduce the speed of the blower in order to overcome the inertia of the motor and impeller. Actuation can allow the blower to more quickly and timely achieve a low pressure condition regardless of inertia to synchronize with exhalation. In some cases, as an alternative to motor speed control, the pressure generator can also include a valve capable of venting generated air to atmosphere as a means for varying the pressure delivered to the patient. Sensors measure, among other things, motor speed, mass flow rate, and outlet pressure, such as by a pressure transducer or the like. The controller can include data storage capabilities with or without integrated data retrieval and display functionality.

[0030] Noise output levels of existing RPT devices (one sample only measured using the test method specified in ISO 3744 at CPAP mode at 10 cmH20).

[0031]

[0032] RPT devices

[0033] 2.2.5 Humidifier

[0034] Delivery of a flow of air to the airway of a patient without humidification can cause drying of the airway. A medical humidifier can be used to increase the humidity and / or temperature of the flow of air with respect to the ambient air of the surroundings where the patient can sleep or rest, for example, in a hospital, when required. Thus, a medical humidifier can be small, to replace at the bedside, and can be configured to humidify and / or heat the flow of air delivered to the patient without humidifying and / or heating the surroundings of the patient. Room-based systems (e.g. sauna, air conditioner, evaporative cooler) for example can also humidify and / or heat the air inhaled by the patient, however, these systems would do so by humidifying and / or heating the entire room, which can cause discomfort to the user.

[0035] Using an RPT device and patient interface, a humidifier is employed to generate humidified air that minimizes nasal dryness and increases patient airway comfort. Except in colder climates, warm air generally applied to the patient interface and surrounding facial area is more comfortable than cold air.

[0036] Respiratory humidifiers are available in various forms and can be standalone devices connected to an RPT device via an air duct, integrated with the RPT device, or configured to be directly connected to the associated RPT device. While known passive humidifiers can provide some relief, generally, heated humidifiers can be used to provide sufficient humidity and temperature to the air, thus making the patient more comfortable. Humidifiers typically include a water reservoir or tank with a capacity of several hundred milliliters (ml), a heating element for heating the water in the reservoir, a controller that enables the adjustment of the humidification level, an air inlet for receiving air from the RPT device, and an air outlet suitable for connecting to an air circuit that delivers humidified air to the patient interface.

[0037] Heated passover humidity is a common form of humidification used with RPT (Regenerative Thermal Phosphating) devices. In this humidifier, the heating element can be incorporated into a heating plate positioned below and in thermal contact with the water tank. Heat is then transferred primarily from the heating plate to the water reservoir via conduction. An airflow from the RPT device passes over the hot water in the tank, causing the airflow to carry away water vapor. (ResMed H4i) TM and H5i TM The humidifier is an example of this heated humidifier used in conjunction with ResMed S8 and S9 CPAP devices.

[0038] Other humidifiers, such as bubble or diffuser humidifiers, jet humidifiers, or capillary humidifiers, can also be used. In bubble or diffuser humidifiers, air is conducted below the water surface, allowing the bubbles to return to the top. Jet humidifiers produce a spray of water and can use baffles or filters to remove or evaporate particles before they leave the humidifier. Capillary humidifiers utilize absorbent materials, such as sponges or paper, to absorb water through capillary action. The absorbent material is arranged within or near at least a portion of the airflow path to allow evaporation of water from the absorbent material to be incorporated into the airflow.

[0039] By using CounterStream TM ResMed HumiCare technology TM The D900 humidifier offers an alternative humidification method that directs airflow over a large surface area in a first direction while simultaneously supplying heated water to the same area in a second, opposite direction. (ResMed HumiCare) TMThe D900 humidifier can be used with some invasive and non-invasive ventilators.

[0040] Typically, the heating element is incorporated into a heater plate positioned below and in thermal contact with the water bucket. Thereby, heat is transferred from the heater plate to the water reservoir primarily by conduction. SUMMARY

[0041] The present technology relates to providing medical devices for diagnosing, ameliorating, treating or preventing respiratory disorders, with one or more of improved comfort, cost, efficacy, ease of use, and manufacturability.

[0042] A first aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus for diagnosing, ameliorating, treating or preventing a respiratory disorder.

[0043] Another aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus for treating a respiratory disorder, comprising a patient interface, an air circuit, and a source of positive air pressure.

[0044] Another aspect of the present technology relates to methods for diagnosing, ameliorating, treating or preventing a respiratory disorder.

[0045] One aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus for humidifying a flow of air, comprising a heater plate, a chamber in fluid communication with the flow of air, and a reservoir comprising a conductive portion in thermal engagement with the heater plate, the apparatus being configured such that varying a first pressure of the flow of air in the chamber varies a level of thermal engagement between the conductive portion and the heater plate.

[0046] In one form, the reservoir further comprises an inlet and an outlet.

[0047] In one form, the thermal engagement is in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the conductive portion.

[0048] In one form, the apparatus is further configured to vary a magnitude of the force between the conductive portion and the heater plate in the first direction when the first pressure varies.

[0049] In one form, the chamber is part of the reservoir.

[0050] In one form, the chamber further comprises a compliant portion.

[0051] In one form, the apparatus further comprises a dock configured to receive the reservoir, and the dock comprises the heater plate.

[0052] In one form, the dock further comprises a cavity having a top portion and a bottom portion, the bottom portion having the heater plate positioned thereon, the cavity being configured to hold at least a portion of the reservoir therein.

[0053] In one form, the compliant portion is compressed to enable insertion of the reservoir into the cavity of the dock.

[0054] In one form, a top portion of the cavity is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration to facilitate insertion of the reservoir into the cavity.

[0055] In one form, the compliant portion is configured to adjust in size when the first pressure changes to change a level of thermal engagement between the heating plate and the conductive portion.

[0056] In one form, the reservoir further includes a base and a lid, the base being configured to hold a volume of liquid and including the conductive portion.

[0057] In one form, the base and the lid are pivotably coupled together.

[0058] In one form, the compliant portion forms a seal between the base and the lid.

[0059] In one form, the reservoir further includes a latch to secure the base and the lid together.

[0060] In one form, the reservoir further includes at least one handle to facilitate coupling of the reservoir to the dock.

[0061] In one form, the reservoir further includes a retention clip adapted to engage with a recess on the dock to retain the reservoir in a cavity of the dock.

[0062] In one form, the reservoir is configured to prevent refilling of the reservoir when the reservoir is coupled to the dock.

[0063] In one form, at least a portion of the reservoir is prevented from opening when the reservoir is coupled to the dock.

[0064] In one form, the reservoir includes a refill lid.

[0065] In one form, the device further includes an overflow protection element configured to prevent the reservoir from being filled above a predetermined maximum capacity of water.

[0066] In one form, the overflow protection element includes at least one aperture formed in a wall of the reservoir, the at least one aperture defining an exit path for water when the predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0067] In one form, the overflow protection element includes a sloped profile in a lateral profile of a wall of the reservoir, the sloped profile defining an exit path for water when the predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0068] One aspect of the technology relates to a method for changing thermal contact between a heater plate and a reservoir in a humidification system to humidify an air flow, the method comprising changing a pressure of the air flow in the reservoir in fluid communication with the air flow to change a force between the heater plate and the reservoir.

[0069] Another aspect of the technology relates to a device for humidifying an air flow, comprising a heater plate and a reservoir, the reservoir comprising an inlet for receiving the air flow, an outlet, and a conductive portion in thermal contact with the heater plate, and wherein the device is configured such that changing a pressure of the air flow in the reservoir changes a force between the heater plate and the conductive portion in a direction of thermal contact.

[0070] In one form, the device further comprises a dock connectable with the reservoir.

[0071] In one form, the dock is configured to limit opening of the reservoir in the direction of thermal contact.

[0072] Another aspect of the technology relates to a reservoir configured to hold a volume of liquid for humidifying a pressurized air flow, comprising a base portion having a conductive portion, a lid portion comprising an inlet and an outlet, and a compliant portion, wherein the base portion and the lid portion are pivotably joined and can be configured to be in an open configuration and a closed configuration when pivotably joined, and a seal sealingly joins the base portion and the lid portion when the reservoir is in the closed configuration.

[0073] In one form, the compliant portion comprises an outlet tube and a baffle configured to be connected to the inlet tube.

[0074] Another aspect of the technology relates to a device for humidifying an air flow, comprising a heater plate and a reservoir, the reservoir comprising an inlet, an outlet, a compliant portion, and a conductive portion in thermal contact with the heater plate, wherein the device is configured such that changing a height of the compliant portion changes a level of thermal engagement between the conductive portion and the heater plate.

[0075] In one form, the device is configured such that the thermal engagement is in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the conductive portion.

[0076] Another aspect of the technology relates to a method of changing a level of thermal engagement in a humidifier device, the method comprising (i) thermally engaging a heater plate with a conductive portion of a reservoir; and (ii) changing a height of a compliant portion of the reservoir to change a level of thermal engagement between the conductive portion and the heater plate.

[0077] Another aspect of the present technology relates to a water reservoir for a device for humidifying an air stream, comprising a base portion configured to hold a predetermined maximum capacity of water, the base portion comprising an overflow protection element configured and arranged to prevent the base portion from being filled above the maximum capacity of water.

[0078] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises a lid portion movably connected to the base portion to allow the water reservoir to be convertible between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

[0079] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured and arranged to prevent the base portion from being filled above the maximum capacity of water when the water reservoir is in the open configuration and / or the closed configuration.

[0080] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises a compliant portion configured to sealingly engage the lid portion and the base portion when the water reservoir is in the closed configuration.

[0081] In one form, the compliant portion is configured to obstruct or seal the overflow protection element to prevent fluid communication to the interior and exterior of the reservoir.

[0082] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured such that when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded and the base portion is in its normal working orientation, excess water above the maximum capacity of water will overflow via the overflow protection element.

[0083] In one form, the overflow protection element comprises at least one aperture that defines a path of egress for water when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0084] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured such that when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded, water only overflows through the at least one aperture.

[0085] In one form, the at least one aperture is provided in one or more locations along a periphery of the base portion.

[0086] In one form, the at least one aperture is provided through an upper lip or flange provided along a periphery of the base portion.

[0087] In one form, the at least one aperture comprises one or more perforations, holes, slits or slots that allow fluid communication to the interior and exterior of the water reservoir.

[0088] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises a compliant portion configured to sealingly engage the base portion when the reservoir is in the closed configuration, wherein the compliant portion is configured to obstruct or seal the at least one aperture to prevent fluid communication to the interior and exterior of the reservoir.

[0089] In one form, the compliant portion engages the base portion on an exterior side of the at least one aperture.

[0090] In one form, the overflow protection element includes a sloped profile in the side profile of the base portion, the sloped profile defining an egress path for water when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0091] In one form, the sloped profile extends in one or more directions.

[0092] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured such that when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded, water only overflows through the sloped profile.

[0093] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises a compliant portion configured to sealingly engage the base portion when the reservoir is in the closed configuration, wherein the compliant portion is configured to block or seal the sloped profile to prevent fluid communication to the interior of the reservoir from the exterior.

[0094] In one form, the compliant portion sealingly engages the base on an outer edge of the sloped profile.

[0095] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured and arranged to prevent the base portion from being filled above the maximum capacity of water when the water reservoir is in the open configuration.

[0096] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured and arranged to prevent the base portion from being filled above the maximum capacity of water when the water reservoir is in the closed configuration.

[0097] In one form, the overflow protection element forms one or more air barriers to prevent further ingress of water into the base portion when the maximum capacity of water is reached.

[0098] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises a lid portion movably connected to the base portion to allow the water reservoir to be transitioned between the open and closed configurations.

[0099] In one form, the overflow protection element is configured and arranged to form one or more air barriers when the water reservoir is in the closed configuration.

[0100] In one form, the water reservoir further comprises an inlet tube and an outlet tube in communication with the base portion, the inlet and outlet tubes arranged such that when the maximum capacity of water is reached, air in the reservoir is prevented from escaping through the inlet and outlet tubes, thereby preventing further ingress of water into the base portion.

[0101] Another aspect of the technology relates to a device for humidifying an air stream, comprising a water reservoir dock and a water reservoir substantially as described above provided to the water reservoir dock.

[0102] In one form, the water reservoir dock forms a cavity for receiving the water reservoir.

[0103] In one form, the water reservoir dock includes a heating plate adapted to thermally engage a conductive portion of the water reservoir.

[0104] Another aspect of the technology relates to a method of preventing overflow in a humidifier reservoir, the method including (i) incorporating an overflow protection element in a base portion of the humidifier reservoir; and (ii) configuring the overflow protection element such that when a predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded and the base portion is in its normal operating orientation, excess water above the maximum capacity of water will overflow via the overflow protection element.

[0105] In one form, the overflow protection element includes at least one aperture.

[0106] In one form, the overflow protection element includes a sloped profile.

[0107] In one form, the method of preventing overflow in a humidifier reservoir further includes configuring the overflow protection element such that when the maximum capacity of water is exceeded, water only overflows via the overflow protection element.

[0108] Another aspect of the technology relates to a water reservoir configured to hold a predetermined maximum capacity of water, the water reservoir including: a plurality of walls forming a cavity configured to hold the predetermined maximum capacity of water; an inlet tube configured to deliver an air supply into the cavity, the inlet tube having an inlet inner end and an inlet outer end; and an outlet tube configured to deliver a humidified air supply from the cavity, the outlet tube having an outlet inner end and an outlet outer end, wherein the inlet inner end and the outlet inner end are positioned within the cavity and the inlet outer end and the outlet outer end are positioned in one of the plurality of walls of the cavity; a first axis defined by the inlet inner end and the inlet outer end; and a second axis defined by the outlet inner end and the outlet outer end, wherein when the reservoir is tilted approximately 90° to the normal operating orientation, the first axis is such that the inlet inner end and the inlet outer end are positioned at different heights such that the predetermined maximum capacity of water is below at least one of the inlet inner end or the inlet outer end to prevent back overflow of water through the inlet tube.

[0109] In one form, the reservoir is further configured such that when the reservoir is tilted approximately 90° to the normal operating orientation, the second axis is such that the outlet inner end and the outlet outer end are positioned at different heights such that the predetermined maximum capacity of water is below at least one of the outlet inner end or the outlet outer end and prevents back overflow of water through the outlet tube.

[0110] Of course, parts of these aspects can form sub-aspects of the technology. Furthermore, sub-aspects and / or multiple of aspects can be combined in various ways and also form further aspects or sub-aspects of the technology.

[0111] Other features of the technology will be apparent from consideration of the information contained in the following detailed description, abstract, examples and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0112] The technology is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements include:

[0113] 4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM

[0114] Figure 1 a A system is shown including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000 in the form of a nasal pillows, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000.

[0115] Figure 1 b A system is shown including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000 in the form of a nasal pillows, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000.

[0116] Figure 1 c A system is shown including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000 in the form of a nasal pillows, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000.

[0117] 4.2 THERAPY

[0118] 4.2.1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

[0119] Figure 2a An overview of the human respiratory system is shown, including the nasal and oral cavities, larynx, vocal folds, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveolar sacs, heart, and diaphragm.

[0120] Figure 2b A view of the upper airways of the human body is shown, including the nasal cavity, nasal bone, lateral nasal cartilage, alar fibula, nostril, upper lip, lower lip, larynx, hard palate, soft palate, oropharynx, tongue, epiglottis, vocal folds, esophagus, and trachea.

[0121] 4.3 PATIENT INTERFACE

[0122] Figure 3a A patient interface according to one form of the technology is shown.

[0123] 4.4 RESPIRATORY DEVICE

[0124] Figure 4a An RPT device according to one form of the present technology is shown.

[0125] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the pneumatic circuit of an RPT device according to one form of the present technology is shown. The upstream and downstream directions are indicated.

[0126] Figure 4c A schematic diagram of the electrical components of an RPT device according to one aspect of the present technology is shown.

[0127] Figure 4d A schematic diagram of an algorithm implemented in an RPT device according to one aspect of the present technology is shown. In this figure, arrows with solid lines indicate actual information flow, for example via electrical signals.

[0128] Figure 4e is a flowchart showing a method performed by a therapy delivery implement according to one aspect of the present technology. Figure 4d

[0129] 4.5 Humidifier

[0130] Figure 5a A simplified representation of a humidifier connected to a pressure generator 4140 via an air circuit 4170 is shown.

[0131] Figure 5b A schematic diagram of a humidifier is shown.

[0132] 4.6 Breathing waveforms

[0133] Figure 6a A typical breathing waveform for a model of a person while sleeping is shown. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is respiratory flow rate. Although the parameter values can vary, a typical breath can have the following approximate values: tidal volume Vt, 0.5 L; inspiration time Ti, 1.6 seconds; peak inspiratory flow rate Qpeak, 0.4 L / s; expiration time Te, 2.4 seconds; peak expiratory flow rate Qpeak, -0.5 L / s. The total duration of the breath Ttot is approximately 4 seconds. A person typically breathes at a rate of approximately 15 breaths per minute (BPM), with a ventilation Vent of approximately 7.5 L / min. The typical duty cycle, the ratio of Ti to Ttot, is approximately 40%.

[0134] 4.7 RPT device with humidifier

[0135] Figure 7 A prior art example of an RPT device 4000 with a humidifier 5000 is shown.

[0136] Figure 8 An RPT device 4000 with an integrated humidifier 5000 according to an example of the present technology is shown.​

[0137] Figures 9 to 12 A plurality of views of humidifier reservoir 5110 are shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology, wherein Figures 9 to 10 A humidifier reservoir 5110 is shown in a "closed" configuration, Figure 11 A humidifier reservoir 5110 is shown in an "open" configuration and Figure 12 is an exploded view of humidifier reservoir 5110.

[0138] Figures 13 to 16 A humidifier 5000 is shown from a plurality of perspectives, showing the engagement of humidifier reservoir 5110 with reservoir dock 5130 and / or the engagement of humidifier 5000 with air circuit 4170, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0139] Figures 17a to 17c , Figures 18a to 18c , and Figures 19a to 19c A time-lapse diagram of an exemplary flow path of air as it enters humidifier reservoir 5110 through inlet 5118 Figures 17a to 17c , and exits through outlet 5122 Figures 18a to 18c after traversing the interior of humidifier reservoir 5110 Figures 19a to 19c , in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0140] Figures 20-21 An exemplary distribution of pressure / force in humidifier reservoir 5110 in a plurality of configurations, in accordance with an example of the present technology, is shown.

[0141] Figures 22 to 29 A plurality of configurations of reservoir lid 5114, and in particular variations of the configuration of inlet tube 5124 and outlet tube 5126, are shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0142] Figure 30a and Figure 30b A humidifier reservoir 5110, and in particular bore 5138, is shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0143] Figure 30c and Figure 30d A humidifier reservoir 5112, and in particular sloped profile 5139, is shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0144] Figure 31a A humidifier reservoir 5110, and in particular bore 5138, is shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0145] Figure 31 b A humidifier reservoir 5110, and in particular sloped profile 5139, is shown, in accordance with an example of the present technology.

[0146] Figures 32 to 33 The humidifier docking member 5130 and humidifier reservoir 5110 according to an example of the present technology are shown, and in particular the interaction between the cover retaining protrusion 5142 and the docking member locking recess 5144 is shown.

[0147] Figure 34 A humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another example of the present technology is shown, wherein it is configured to have a refill cover 5180 and the base, top and compliant portion can be mounted together.

[0148] Figures 35 to 38 Further representations of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to an example of the present technology are shown, particularly with respect to the arrangement of the inlet pipe 5124 and the outlet pipe 5126.

[0149] Figure 39 A cross-sectional view of a reservoir cover 5114 and a compliant portion 5116 according to an example of the present technology is shown.

[0150] Figure 40 An example of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another embodiment of the present technology is shown, wherein it is configured to have a latch 5186.

[0151] Figure 41a , Figure 41 b ,and Figure 42 A humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another embodiment of the present technology is shown. In this configuration, the reservoir 5110 includes a reservoir cover 5114 having an inlet pipe 5124, a base portion 5112 (as shown in...) Figure 42 (As shown in the exploded view) and the intermediate portion 5202 including the outlet pipe 5126.

[0152] Figure 43a and Figure 43b The middle portion 5202 of the reservoir 5110 from multiple angles is shown as an example of the present technology. In particular, they are intended to show the baffle 5192, the outlet pipe 5126, and the support spokes 5194.

[0153] Figure 44 A perspective bottom view of the middle portion 5202 of a storage 5110 according to an example of the present technology is shown.

[0154] Figure 45a and Figure 45b A cross-section of the connected reservoir lid 5114 and the middle portion 5202 is shown, and Figure 45c The illustration shows an example of the present technology. Figure 45a and Figure 45b The cross-section of the reservoir lid 5114 is shown in the figure. Figure 45bA cross-section of the baffle 5192 is shown in more detail, particularly the arrangement of the vertical portion of the inlet tube 5124, the positioning portion 5196 of the baffle 5192, and the deflector portion 5198 of the baffle 5192.

[0155] Figure 46 An upper portion of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another example of the present technology is shown. In this construction, the reservoir 5110 comprises a reservoir lid portion 5114, a base portion (not shown), and an intermediate portion 5202, which intermediate portion comprises an outlet tube 5126, an inlet tube 5124, and a wall portion 5206.

[0156] Figure 47a and Figure 47b A portion of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another example of the present technology is shown. Figure 47a and Figure 47b The reservoir lid 5114 is shown connected to the intermediate portion 5202, and in particular, they are intended to show the inlet tube 5124, the outlet tube 5126, the deflector portion 5198, and the flow guide 5195.

[0157] Figure 48a and Figure 48b The intermediate portion 5202 is shown according to another example of the present technology, and in particular, they are intended to show the deflector portion 5198, the flow guide 5195, the positioning portion 5196, and the compliant portion 5116.

[0158] Figure 49 A portion of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to another example of the present technology is shown. In particular, Figure 49 A water level 5184 is shown at which an air block is formed to prevent further liquid from entering the reservoir 5110 when the reservoir 5110 has a predetermined maximum capacity of liquid in it.

[0159] Figure 50a , Figure 50b , Figure 51a and Figure 51 b A plurality of views of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to an example of the present technology are shown, wherein, Figure 50a , Figure 50b and Figure 51a The humidifier reservoir 5110 is shown in a "closed" configuration, and Figure 51 b The humidifier reservoir 5110 is shown in an "open" configuration.

[0160] Figure 52a and Figure 52b A plurality of views of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to an example of the present technology are shown. Figure 52aA plan view of the humidifier reservoir 5110 in its "open configuration" is shown, indicating that... Figure 52b The cross-section shown in the figure, and Figure 52b The passage is shown with the cross-section visible. Figure 52a The cross-section of the storage device 5110 of line 52b-52b.

[0161] Figure 53 and Figure 54 Several views of a memory base 5112 according to an example of the present technology are shown.

[0162] Figure 55a and Figure 55b A foldable tube 5208 according to an example of the present technology is shown. Figure 55a The foldable tube 5208 in its "open" configuration is shown, and Figure 55b The foldable tube 5208 in a “closed” configuration is shown.

[0163] Figure 56 A humidifier reservoir cover 5114 according to an example of the present technology is shown, wherein the inlet pipe 5124 of the reservoir cover 5114 includes a flexible portion 5210 and a rigid portion 5212.

[0164] Figure 57a A side view of a humidifier reservoir 5110 (only the base 5112 is shown) according to an example of the present technology is illustrated, indicating that in Figure 57b The cross section 57b-57b shown above.

[0165] Figure 57b A perspective view of the humidifier reservoir 5110 (only the base 5112 is shown) is presented, illustrating as shown in... Figure 57a The cross-section indicated above. Specifically, Figure 57b Hole 5138 is shown with water-fill indicator mark 5140.

[0166] Figure 58a A top view of a humidifier reservoir 5110 according to an example of the present technology is shown, indicating that in Figure 58b The cross section 58b-58b shown above.

[0167] Figure 58b A side view of the humidifier reservoir 5110 is shown, illustrating its position as described above. Figure 58a The cross-section indicated above. Specifically, Figure 58b The diagram shows the orifice 5138, the water level 5141_1 at the predetermined maximum capacity of water, and the water level 5141_2 at the threshold volume of water.

[0168] Figure 59An exploded perspective view of an RPT device 4000, an integrated humidifier 5000, and a humidifier end cap 5300 according to an example of the present technology is shown.

[0169] Figure 60 A perspective view of a humidifier end cap 5300 according to an example of the present technology is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0170] Before the present technology is described in detail, it is to be understood that the technology is not limited to the specific examples described herein, but can vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0171] The description provided below relates to several examples that can share common characteristics and features. It is understood that one or more features of any one example can be combined with one or more features of any other example. Further, any single feature or combination of features in any of the examples can constitute additional examples.

[0172] 5.1 Treatment system

[0173] In one form, the present technology comprises apparatus, such as an RPT device, for treating a respiratory disorder. The device or apparatus can include a pressure generator or blower to supply a flow of air to a patient 1000 via an air circuit that leads to a patient interface 3000.

[0174] 5.2 Therapy

[0175] In one form, the present technology comprises a method for treating a respiratory disorder, the method including the step of applying positive pressure to an entrance of a patient’s 1000 airways.

[0176] 5.2.1 Nasal CPAP for OSA

[0177] In one form, the present technology comprises a method of treating obstructive sleep apnea in a patient by applying nasal continuous positive airway pressure to the patient.

[0178] In some examples of the present technology, a supply of air at positive pressure is supplied to the nasal passages of a patient via one or both nares.

[0179] 5.3 Patient interface 3000

[0180] The non-invasive patient interface 3000 according to an aspect of the present technology includes the following functional aspects: a seal-forming structure 3100, a plenum chamber 3200, a positioning and stabilising structure 3300, and a connection port 3600 for connection to a gas circuit 4170. In some forms, a functional aspect can be provided by one or more physical components. In some forms, one physical component can provide one or more functional aspects. In use, the seal-forming structure 3100 is arranged to surround an entrance to the patient's airways in order to facilitate the supply of air at positive pressure to the airways.

[0181] 5.4 Respiratory devices

[0182] An RPT device 4000 according to an aspect of the present technology is shown in Figure 4a and includes a mechanical and pneumatic portion 4100, an electronic portion 4200 and is programmed to execute one or more algorithms 4300. The PRT device can include an outer case 4010 which can be formed in two parts, an upper part 4012 and a lower part 4014. Further, the outer case 4010 can include one or more panels 4015. The RPT device 4000 can include a chassis 4016 which supports one or more internal components of the RPT device 4000. In one form, the pneumatic block 4020 is supported by, or formed as part of, the chassis 4016. The RPT device 4000 can include a handle 4018.

[0183] An RPT device 4000 according to an aspect of the present technology is shown in Figure 4b and includes a mechanical and pneumatic portion 4100, an electronic portion 4200 and is programmed to execute one or more algorithms 4300. The PRT device can include an outer case 4010 which can be formed in two parts, an upper part 4012 and a lower part 4014. Further, the outer case 4010 can include one or more panels 4015. The RPT device 4000 can include a chassis 4016 which supports one or more internal components of the RPT device 4000. In one form, the pneumatic block 4020 is supported by, or formed as part of, the chassis 4016. The RPT device 4000 can include a handle 4018.

[0184] The pneumatic block 4020 can include a portion of the pneumatic pathway that is positioned within the outer case 4010 and can house the pressure generator 4140.

[0185] The RPT device 4000 can include a power supply 4210, one or more input devices 4220, a central controller 4230, a therapy device controller 4240, a pressure generator 4140, one or more protection circuits 4250, a memory 4260, a transducer 4270, a data communication interface 4280, and one or more output devices 4290. The electrical components 4200 can be mounted on a single printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) 4202. In an alternative form, the RPT device 4000 can include more than one PCBA 4202.

[0186] Figure 7 A prior art embodiment of an RPT device 4000 connectable to a humidifier 5000 is shown. The RPT device can also be integrated with the humidifier 5000 such that the external housing 4010 encases components performing the equivalent function of the RPT device 4000 as well as components performing the equivalent function of the humidifier 5000.

[0187] Figure 8 An embodiment of such an integrated device including an RPT device 4000 with a humidifier 5000 according to an example of the present technology is shown. It will be understood that subsequent reference to the humidifier 5000 represents the integrated device, in particular components performing the equivalent function of the humidifier 5000.

[0188] 5.4.1 RPT device mechanical & pneumatic components 4100

[0189] 5.4.1.1 Air filter 4110

[0190] An RPT device according to one form of the present technology can include one or more air filters 4110.

[0191] In one form, an inlet air filter 4112 is positioned at the start of the pneumatic path upstream of the blower 4142. See Figure 4b .

[0192] In one form, an outlet air filter 4114, for example an anti-bacterial filter, is positioned between the outlet of the pneumatic block 4020 and the patient interface 3000. See Figure 4b .

[0193] 5.4.1.2 Silencer 4120

[0194] In one form of the present technology, an inlet silencer 4122 is positioned upstream of the pneumatic path of the blower 4142. See Figure 4b .

[0195] In one form of the present technology, an outlet silencer 4142 is positioned in the pneumatic path between the blower 4142 and the patient interface 3000. See Figure 4b .

[0196] 5.4.1.3 Pressure generator 4140

[0197] In a preferred form of the present technology, the pressure generator 4140 for generating a flow of air at positive pressure is a blower 4142. The blower can include, for example, a brushless DC motor 4144 with one or more impellers housed in a volute. The blower 4142 can preferably be capable of delivering a supply of air at positive pressures in the range from about 4 cmH20 to about 20 cmH20 or other forms up to about 30 cmH20, for example up to about 120 litres / minute. Examples of suitable blowers can include the blowers described in any of the following patents or patent applications, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety: US Patent No. 7,866,944; US Patent No. 8,638,014; US Patent No. 8,636,479; and PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO2013 / 020167.

[0198] The pressure generator 4140 is under the control of the therapy device controller 4240.

[0199] In other forms, the pressure generator 4140 can be a piston-driven pump, a pressure- regulated piece connected to a high pressure source (e.g., a compressed air reservoir), or a bellows.

[0200] 5.4.1.4 Transducers 4270

[0201] The transducers can be internal to the RPT device or external to the RPT device. External transducers can be positioned, for example, on or form part of the air circuit, such as the patient interface. External transducers can be in the form of non-contact sensors such as Doppler radar movement sensors that send or transmit data to the RPT device.

[0202] In one form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270 are positioned in the pneumatic path, such as upstream and / or downstream of the pressure generator 4140. The one or more transducers 4270 are constructed and arranged to measure a property of the flow of air at that point in the pneumatic path, such as flow rate, pressure, temperature or humidity.

[0203] In one form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270 are positioned in the vicinity of the patient interface 3000, such as in the air circuit 4170.

[0204] In another form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270 can be arranged to measure properties of ambient air.

[0205] In one form, signals from the transducers 4270 can be filtered, such as by low pass, high pass and band pass filtering.

[0206] 5.4.1.4.1 Flow Transducer 4274

[0207] Flow transducers 4274 according to the present technology can be based on differential pressure transducers, such as the SDP600 series differential pressure transducers from SENSIRION.

[0208] In one form, signals representative of flow, such as total flow Qt from flow transducers 4274, are received by central controller 4230.

[0209] 5.4.1.4.2 Pressure Transducer 4272

[0210] Pressure transducers 4272 according to the present technology are positioned in fluid communication with the pneumatic path. An example of a suitable pressure transducer is a sensor from the HONEYWELL ASDX series. An alternative suitable pressure transducer is a sensor from the NPA series from GENERAL ELECTRIC.

[0211] In one form, signals from pressure transducers 4272 are received by central controller 4230.

[0212] 5.4.1.4.3 Motor Speed Transducer 4276

[0213] In one form of the present technology, a motor speed transducer 4276 is used to determine the rate of rotation of motor 4144 and / or blower 4142. Motor speed signals from motor speed transducer 4276 are preferably provided to therapy device controller 4240. Motor speed transducer 4276 can for example be a speed sensor such as a Hall effect sensor.

[0214] 5.4.1.5 Anti-backflush valve 4160

[0215] In one form of the present technology, an anti-backflush valve is positioned between humidifier 5000 and pneumatic block 4020. The anti-backflush valve is constructed and arranged to reduce the risk of water flowing upstream from humidifier 5000, for example to motor 4144.

[0216] 5.4.1.6 Air circuit 4170

[0217] Air circuits 4170 according to aspects of the present technology are conduits or tubes constructed and arranged to allow, in use, a flow of air to travel between two components such as pneumatic block 4020 and patient interface 3000.

[0218] In particular, air circuits 4170 can be in fluid connection with the outlet of the pneumatic block and the patient interface. The air circuits can be referred to as air delivery tubes. In some cases, there can be separate branches of the circuit for inhalation and exhalation. In other cases, a single branch is used.

[0219] 5.4.1.7 supplemental oxygen 4180

[0220] In one form of the technology, supplemental oxygen 4180 is delivered to one or more points in the pneumatic path, such as upstream of the pneumatic block 4020, to the air circuit 4170 and / or to the patient interface 3000.

[0221] 5.4.1.7.1 power supply 4210

[0222] The power supply (or PSU) 4210 can be located internal or external to the outer housing 4010 of the RPT device 4000.

[0223] In one form of the technology, the power supply 4210 provides electrical power to the RPT device 4000 only. In another form of the technology, the power supply 4210 provides electrical power to the RPT device 4000 and the humidifier 5000.

[0224] 5.4.1.7.2 input devices 4220

[0225] In one form of the technology, the RPT device 4000 includes one or more input devices 4220 in the form of buttons, switches or dials to allow a human to interact with the device. The buttons, switches or dials can be physical devices, or software devices readable via a touch screen. The buttons, switches or dials can be physically connected to the outer housing 4010 in one form, or can be in wireless communication with a receiver electrically connected to the central controller 4230 in another form.

[0226] In one form, the input devices 4220 can be constructed and arranged to allow a human to select values and / or menu choices.

[0227] 5.4.1.7.3 central controller 4230

[0228] In one form of the technology, the central controller 4230 is one or more processors adapted to control the RPT device 4000.

[0229] Suitable processors can include x86 INTEL processors, processors based on ARM Cortex-M processors from ARM Holdings, such as the STM32 series microprocessors from ST MICROELECTRONICS. In some alternatives of the technology, such as the 32-bit RISC CPU of the STR9 series microcontroller from ST MICROELECTRONICS, or a 16-bit RISC CPU such as the processors of the MSP430 family from microcontrollers manufactured by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, can also be suitable.

[0230] In one form of the technology, the central processor 4230 is a dedicated circuit.

[0231] In one form, the central controller 4230 is an application specific integrated circuit. In another form, the central controller 4230 comprises discrete electronic components.

[0232] The central controller 4230 can be configured to receive input signals from one or more transducers 4270 and one or more input devices 4220.

[0233] The central controller 4230 can be configured to provide output signals to one or more of an output device 4290, a therapy device controller 4240, a data communication interface 4280, and a humidifier controller 5250.

[0234] In some forms of the technology, the central controller 4230 is configured to implement one or more methods described herein, such as one or more algorithms 4300. In some forms of the technology, the central controller 4230 can be integrated with the RPT device 4000. However, in some forms of the technology, the central controller 4230 can be implemented discretely from the flow generation components of the RPT device 4000, such as for the purpose of performing any of the methods described herein, without directly controlling the delivery of respiratory therapy. For example, for the purpose of the central controller 4230 can perform any of the methods described herein for determining control settings for a ventilator or other breathing-related event, by analysing stored data such as from any of the transducers 4270 described herein.

[0235] 5.4.1.7.4 Timer 4232

[0236] Preferably, the RPT device 4000 includes a timer 4232 connected to the central controller 4230.

[0237] 5.4.1.7.5 Therapy device controller 4240

[0238] In one form of the technology, the therapy device controller 4240 is a control module 4330 that forms part of the algorithm 4300 executed by the central controller 4230.

[0239] In one form of the technology, the therapy device controller 4240 is a dedicated motor control integrated circuit. For example, in one form, an MC33035 brushless DC motor controller manufactured by ONSEMI is used.

[0240] 5.4.1.7.6 Protection circuitry 4250

[0241] One or more protection circuitry 4250 according to the technology can include electrical protection circuitry, temperature and / or pressure safety circuitry.

[0242] 5.4.1.7.7 Memory 4260

[0243] According to one form of the technology, the RPT device 4000 includes a memory 4260, preferably a non-volatile memory. In some forms, the memory 4260 can include a battery backed-up static random access memory. In some forms, the memory 4260 can include a volatile random memory.

[0244] Preferably the memory 4260 is located on the PCBA 4202. The memory 4260 can be in the form of an EEPROM or a NAND flash memory.

[0245] Additionally or alternatively, the RPT device 4000 includes a memory 4260 in removable form, such as a memory card made according to the Secure Digital (SD) standard.

[0246] In one form of the technology, the memory 4260 is used as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which computer program instructions expressing one or more methods described herein are stored, such as one or more algorithms 4300.

[0247] 5.4.1.8 Data communication system 4280

[0248] In one preferred form of the technology, a data communication interface 4280 is provided and connected to the central controller 4230. The data communication interface 4280 is preferably connectable to a remote external communication network 4282 and / or a local external communication network 4284. Preferably, the remote external communication network 4282 is connectable to a remote external device 4286. Preferably, the local external communication network 4284 is connectable to a local external device 4288.

[0249] In one form, the data communication interface 4280 is part of the central controller 4230. In another form, the data communication interface 4280 is separate from the central controller 4230 and can comprise an integrated circuit or a processor.

[0250] In one form, the remote external communication network 4282 is the Internet. The data communication interface 4280 can connect to the Internet using wired communication (e.g., via Ethernet, or optical fiber) or wireless protocols (e.g., CDMA, GSM, LTE).

[0251] In one form, the local external communication network 4284 utilizes one or more communication standards such as Bluetooth or consumer infrared protocols.

[0252] In one form, the remote external device 4286 is one or more computers, such as a networked cluster of computers. In one form, the remote external device 4286 can be a virtual computer rather than a physical computer. In either case, this remote external device 4286 can be accessible to an appropriate authorized person such as a clinician.

[0253] Preferably, the local external device 4288 is a personal computer, mobile phone, tablet computer, or remote controller.

[0254] 5.4.1.9 Output device 4290 (including optional display, alarms)

[0255] The illustrative device 4290 according to the present technology can take the form of one or more of visual, audible, and tactile units. The visual display can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or light emitting diode (LED) display.

[0256] 5.4.1.9.1 Display driver 4292

[0257] The display driver 4292 receives as input characters, symbols, or images intended for display on the display 4294 and converts them into commands that cause the display 4294 to display the characters, symbols, or images.

[0258] 5.4.1.9.2 Display 4294

[0259] The display 4294 is configured to visually display characters, symbols, or images in accordance with the commands received from the display driver 4292. For example, the display 4294 can be an eight-segment display, in which case the display driver 4292 converts each character or symbol, such as the number "0" to eight logical signals to indicate whether the eight corresponding segments are actuated to display the particular character or symbol.

[0260] 5.4.2 RPT device algorithm 4300

[0261] 5.4.2.1 Pre-processing module 4310

[0262] A pre-processing module 4310 according to one form of the present technology receives as input signals from a transducer 4270, such as a flow transducer 4274 or a pressure transducer 4272, and preferably performs one or more processing steps to calculate one or more output values to be used as input to another module, such as a therapy performer module 4320.

[0263] In one form of the present technology, the output values include a patient interface or mask pressure Pm, a respiratory flow rate Qr, and an unintentional leak flow rate Ql.

[0264] In multiple forms of the present technology, the pre-processing module 4310 includes one or more of the following algorithms: a pressure compensation algorithm 4312, a ventilation flow algorithm 4314 (e.g. intentional leak), a leak flow algorithm 4316 (e.g. unintentional leak), and a respiratory flow algorithm 4318.

[0265] 5.4.2.1.1 Pressure compensation 4312

[0266] In one form of the present technology, the pressure compensation algorithm 4312 receives as input an indication of the pressure in the pneumatic path proximate the outlet of the pneumatic block. The pressure compensation algorithm 4312 estimates the pressure drop across the air circuit 4170 and provides as output an estimated pressure Pm in the patient interface 3000.

[0267] 5.4.2.1.2 Ventilation flow 4314

[0268] In one form of the present technology, the ventilation flow calculation algorithm 4314 receives as input the estimated pressure Pm in the patient interface 3000 and estimates the ventilation air flow rate Qv from the vent 3400 in the patient interface 3000.

[0269] 5.4.2.1.2 Leak flow 4316

[0270] In one form of the present technology, the leak flow algorithm 4316 receives as input the total flow rate Qt and the ventilation flow rate Qv and provides as output an estimate of the unintentional leak, i.e. the leak flow rate Ql, by calculating an average of Qt - Qv over a period long enough to include several breaths, e.g. about 10 seconds.

[0271] In one form, the leak flow algorithm 4316 receives as inputs the total flow Qt in the patient interface 3000, the ventilation flow Qv, and the estimated pressure Pm, and provides as an output the leak flow Ql by calculating a leak conductance and determining the leak flow Ql as a function of the leak conductance and the pressure Pm. Preferably, the leak conductance is calculated as the quotient of a low pass filtered non-ventilation flow Qt-Qv and a low pass filtered square root of the pressure Pm, where the low pass time constant has a value long enough to include several breaths, for example about 10 seconds.

[0272] 5.4.2.1.4 Breathing flow 4318

[0273] In one form of the present technology, the breathing flow algorithm 4318 receives as inputs the total flow Qt, the ventilation flow Qv, and the leak flow Ql, and estimates the air breathing flow Qr to the patient by subtracting the ventilation flow Qv and the leak flow Ql from the total flow Qt.

[0274] 5.4.2.2 Therapy enablers module 4320

[0275] In one form of the present technology, the therapy enablers module 4320 receives as inputs one or more pressures Pm in the patient interface 3000 and the air breathing flow Qr to the patient, and provides as an output one or more therapy parameters.

[0276] In one form of the present technology, the therapy parameter is a CPAP therapy pressure Pt.

[0277] In one form of the present technology, the therapy parameter is one or more of a pressure support and a level of ventilation targeting.

[0278] In various forms of the present technology, the therapy enablers module 4320 includes one or more of the following algorithms: a phase determination algorithm 4321, a waveform determination algorithm 4322, a ventilation determination algorithm 4323, a flow limitation determination algorithm 4324, an apnea / hypopnea determination algorithm 4325, a snore determination algorithm 4326, an open determination algorithm 4327, and a therapy parameter determination algorithm 4328.

[0279] 5.4.2.2.1 Phase determination 4321

[0280] In one form of the present technology, the RPT device 4000 does not determine a phase.

[0281] In another form of the present technology, the RPT device 4000 determines a phase using the phase determination algorithm 4321. The phase determination algorithm 4321 receives as an input a signal indicative of the breathing flow Qr, and provides as an output a phase of a breathing cycle of the patient 1000.

[0282] In some forms, the phase output can comprise a discrete variable having one or more inhalations, an intermediate inhalation pause, and an exhalation. For example, when the respiratory flow rate Qr has a positive value that exceeds a positive threshold, the phase output can be determined to have a discrete value of inhalation, and when the respiratory flow rate Qr has a negative value that is less negative than a negative threshold, the phase can be determined to have a discrete value of exhalation.

[0283] In other forms, the phase output can comprise a continuous variable, such as varying from 0 to 1 or 0 to 2 Pi.

[0284] 5.4.2.2.2 Waveform determination 4322

[0285] In one form of the present technology, the control module 4330 controls the pressure generator 4140 to provide approximately constant positive airway pressure throughout the patient's respiratory cycle.

[0286] In other forms of the present technology, the control module 4330 controls the pressure generator 4140 to provide positive airway pressure according to a predetermined waveform of pressure versus phase. In one form, the waveform remains at approximately constant level for all phase values. In one form, the waveform is a square wave, having a higher value for some phase values, and a lower level for other phase values.

[0287] In some forms of the present technology, the waveform determination algorithm 4322 receives as input a value indicative of the current patient ventilation Vent, and provides as output a waveform of pressure versus phase. For example, the ventilation determination algorithm 4323 can receive as input the respiratory flow rate Qr, and determine a measure indicative of the patient ventilation Vent. The current value of the patient ventilation Vent can be determined as half the low pass filtered absolute value of the respiratory flow rate Qr.

[0288] 5.4.2.2.3 Ventilation determination 4323

[0289] In one form of the present technology, the ventilation determination algorithm 4323 receives as input the respiratory flow rate Qr, and determines a measure indicative of the patient ventilation Vent.

[0290] In some forms of the present technology, the ventilation determination algorithm 4323 determines the current value of the patient ventilation Vent as half the low pass filtered absolute value of the respiratory flow rate Qr.

[0291] 5.4.2.2.4 Determination of inhalation flow limitation 4324

[0292] In one form of the present technology, the central controller executes one or more algorithms 4324 for detection of inhalation flow limitation.

[0293] In one form, the algorithm 4324 receives as input a respiratory flow rate signal Qr and provides as output a measure of the range in which the inhalation portion of the breath shows an inhalation flow limitation.

[0294] In one form of the present technology, the inspiratory portion of each breath is identified by a zero-crossing detector. A number of evenly spaced points (e.g. sixty-five) representative of time points are interpolated by an interpolator along the inspiratory flow-time curve for each breath. The curve described by the points is then scaled by a scaler to have an overall length (duration / period) and an overall area to remove the effects of varying respiratory rate and depth. The scaled breath is then compared in a comparator to a pre-stored template representing a typically unobstructed breath, with Figure 6a The inspiratory portion of the breath shown in Figure 6 is similar. Breaths that deviate from this template by more than a certain threshold (typically 1 scale unit) at any time during inspiration, as determined by a test element, are rejected, such as those occurring due to coughing, sighing, swallowing and belching. For the non-rejected data, a moving average of the first such scaled point is calculated by a central controller 4230 for the previous few breath events. This is repeated for the same inspiratory event for the second such point, and so on. Thus, for example, sixty-five scaled data points are produced by the central controller 4230, and represent a moving average of the previous few inspiratory events, for example three events. The moving average of the continuously updated values of the (e.g. sixty-five) points is hereinafter referred to as the "scaled flow rate" indicated as Qs(t). Alternatively, instead of a moving average, a single inspiratory event can be utilised.

[0295] From the scaled flow rate, two shape factors can be calculated that are relevant to determining local obstruction.

[0296] Shape factor 1 is the ratio of the average of the middle (e.g. thirty-two) scaled flow rate points to the average of all (e.g. sixty-five) scaled flow rate points. Where this ratio exceeds 1, the breath is considered to be proceeding normally. Where the ratio is 1 or less, the breath will be considered to be obstructed. A ratio of approximately 1.17 is considered to be the threshold between a locally obstructed breath and a non-obstructed breath, and is equal to the degree of obstruction that will allow sufficient oxygen to remain in the typical user.

[0297] Shape factor 2 is calculated as the RMS deviation from unity scaled flow rate obtained over the middle (e.g. thirty-two) points. An RMS deviation of approximately 0.2 units is considered to be normal. An RMS deviation of zero is considered to be a completely flow-limited breath. The closer the RMS deviation is to zero, the more flow-limited the breath will be considered to be.

[0298] Shapes factors 1 and 2 can be used alternatively or in combination. In other forms of the technology, the number of sampling points, breaths, and intermediate points can be different from those described above. Also, the threshold values can be other values than those described.

[0299] 5.4.2.2.5 Apnea and hypopnea determination 4325

[0300] In one form of the technology, the central controller 4230 executes one or more algorithms 4325 to determine the presence of apnea and / or hypopnea.

[0301] Preferably, the one or more algorithms 4325 receive as input the respiratory flow signal Qr and provide as output an indicator that an apnea or hypopnea has been detected.

[0302] In one form, an apnea is deemed to be detected when a function of the respiratory flow Qr falls below a flow threshold for a predetermined time. This function can determine the peak flow, a relatively short term average flow, or an intermediate flow between the relatively short term average and the peak flow, such as the RMS flow. The flow threshold can be a relatively long term flow measurement.

[0303] In one form, a hypopnea is deemed to be detected when a function of the respiratory flow Qr falls below a second flow threshold for a predetermined time. This function can determine the peak flow, a relatively short term average flow, or an intermediate flow between the relatively short term average and the peak flow, such as the RMS flow. The second flow threshold can be a relatively long term flow measurement. The second flow threshold is greater than the flow threshold used to detect apnea.

[0304] 5.4.2.2.6 Snore determination 4326

[0305] In one form of the technology, the central controller 4230 executes one or more snore algorithms to detect snoring.

[0306] In one form, the snore algorithm 4326 receives as input the respiratory flow signal Qr and provides as output a measure of the extent of snoring present.

[0307] Preferably, the algorithm 4326 includes a step of determining the intensity of the flow signal in the 30-300 Hz range. Also, preferably, the algorithm 4326 includes a step of filtering the respiratory flow signal Qr to reduce background noise, such as the sound of air flow in the system from the blower.

[0308] 5.4.2.2.7 Airway open determination 4327

[0309] In one form of the technology, the central controller 4230 executes one or more algorithms 4327 to determine airway patency.

[0310] In one form, the airway patency algorithm 4327 receives as input the respiratory flow rate signal Qr and determines the energy of the signal in a frequency range of approximately 0.75 Hz to approximately 3 Hz. The presence of a peak in this frequency range is considered to be indicative of an open airway. The absence of a peak is considered to be indicative of a closed airway.

[0311] In one form, the frequency range in which the sought peak lies is the frequency of a small forced oscillation in the treatment pressure Pt. In one implementation, the forced oscillation has a frequency of 2 Hz, with an amplitude of approximately 1 cmH20.

[0312] In one form, the airway patency algorithm 4327 receives as input the respiratory flow rate signal Qr and determines the presence or absence of a cardiogenic signal. The absence of a cardiogenic signal is considered to be an indication of a closed airway.

[0313] 5.4.2.2.8 Determination of therapy parameter determination 4328

[0314] In one form of the technology, the central controller 4230 executes one or more therapy parameter determination algorithms 4328 to determine a target treatment pressure Pt to be delivered by the RPT device 4000.

[0315] Preferably, the therapy parameter determination algorithm 4328 receives as input one or more of:

[0316] • a measure of respiratory phase;

[0317] • a waveform;

[0318] • a measure of ventilation;

[0319] • a measure of inspiratory flow limitation;

[0320] • a measure of apnoea and / or hypopnoea presence;

[0321] • a measure of snore presence; and

[0322] • a measure of airway patency.

[0323] The therapy parameter determination algorithm 4328 determines the treatment pressure Pt from an index or measure of one or more of flow limitation, apnoea, hypopnoea, patency and snore. In one implementation, these measures are determined on a single breath basis rather than from a collection of several previous breaths.

[0324] Figure 4eis a flowchart showing a method 4500 performed by the central controller 4230 as one implementation of the algorithm 4328. The method 4500 begins at step 4520 where the central controller 4230 compares the measure of the presence of apnea / hypopnea to a first threshold and determines whether the measure of the presence of apnea / hypopnea exceeds the first threshold during a predetermined time, indicating that an apnea / hypopnea has occurred. If so, the method 4500 continues to step 4540; otherwise, the method 4500 continues to step 4530. At step 4540, the central controller 4230 compares the measure of airway openness to a second threshold. If the measure of airway openness exceeds the second threshold, indicating that the airway is open, the detected apnea / hypopnea is deemed central and this method 4500 continues to step 4560; otherwise, the apnea / hypopnea is deemed obstructive and the method 4500 proceeds to step 4550.

[0325] At step 4530, the central controller 4230 compares the measure of flow limitation to a third threshold. If the measure of flow limitation exceeds the third threshold, indicating that inhalation flow is limited, then the method 4500 continues to step 4550; otherwise the method 4500 continues to step 4560.

[0326] At step 4550, the central controller 4230 increases the treatment pressure Pt by a predetermined pressure increment AP, provided that the increased treatment pressure Pt will not exceed an upper limit Pmax. In one implementation, the predetermined pressure increment AP and the upper limit Pmax are 1 cmH20 and 20 cmH20, respectively. This method 4500 then returns to step 4520.

[0327] At step 4560, the central controller 4230 decreases the treatment pressure Pt by an increment, provided that the decreased treatment pressure Pt will not fall below a lower limit Pmin. This method 4500 then returns to step 4520. In one implementation, this increment is proportional to the value of Pt - Pmin, so that the decrease of Pt to the lower limit Pmin is exponential in the absence of any detected event. Alternatively, the decrement of Pt can be predetermined, so that the decrease of Pt to the lower limit Pmin is linear in the absence of any detected event.

[0328] 5.4.2.3 Control Module 4330

[0329] The control module 4330 according to one aspect of the present technology receives as input a target treatment pressure Pt and controls the pressure generator 4140 to deliver this pressure.

[0330] The control module 4330 according to one aspect of the present technology receives as inputs the EPAP pressure and the IPAP pressure and controls the pressure generator 4140 to deliver these respective pressures.

[0331] 5.4.2.4 Detection of fault conditions 4340

[0332] In one form of the present technology, the central controller 4230 executes one or more methods to detect fault conditions. Preferably, the fault conditions detected by the one or more methods include at least one of the following faults:

[0333] • Power supply fault (no power, or insufficient power)

[0334] • Transducer fault detection

[0335] • Inability to detect presence of a component

[0336] • Operating parameters outside recommended ranges (e.g. pressure, flow, temperature, oxygen partial pressure (Pa02))

[0337] • Test alarm failure resulting in a detectable alarm signal.

[0338] • When a fault condition is detected, the corresponding algorithm indicates the presence of the fault by one or more of the following:

[0339] • Initiating an audible, visual and / or kinetic (e.g. vibration) alarm

[0340] • Sending information to an external device

[0341] • Logging of the event

[0342] 5.5 Humidifier 5000

[0343] 5.5.1 Humidifier overview

[0344] In one form of the present technology, a humidifier 5000 is provided to change the absolute humidity of air delivered to a patient relative to ambient air. Typically, the humidifier 5000 is used to increase the absolute humidity as well as increase the temperature of the air flow relative to ambient air prior to delivery to the airway of the patient.

[0345] There are a number of performance requirements and / or design requirements that can be relevant to a humidifier. Some known performance requirements and / or design requirements related to humidifier design can include: reduction in the volume and / or footprint of the humidifier (e.g., for a bedside arrangement), the ability to provide humidification for the entire therapy session, efficient use of the water supply, requirements for coupling to a breathing device, minimization of the pressure drop for the flow of air through the humidifier, and / or requirements to maintain a positive pressure at the entrance to the patient's airways (e.g., requirements to maintain a positive pressure in the humidifier). One of the goals of the present technology is to address or improve at least some of the above performance requirements and / or design requirements.

[0346] A simplified representation of a humidifier 5000 is shown in Figure 5a In one form, the humidifier 5000 can include a humidifier reservoir 5110, a heating element 5340, and one or more sensors 5270. The humidifier 5000 can be configured to receive a flow of air from the pressure generator 4140 via the air circuit 4170, and to deliver a flow of humidified air to the patient interface 3000 (not shown in Figure 5a

[0347] A simplified schematic of a humidifier 5000 according to an example of the present technology is shown in Figure 5b The humidifier 5000 can include one or more controllers 5250, such as a heated air circuit controller 5254, a heating element controller 5252, or a central humidifier controller 5251, which can be discrete controllers or one controller performing multiple functions. The controller(s) 5250 can be in electrical communication with one or more of the following: one or more sensors 5270 as shown in Figure 5b

[0348] 5.5.2 Humidifier mechanical components 5100

[0349] 5.5.2.1 Water reservoir dock 5130

[0350] As shown in Figures 13 to 16 The humidifier 5000 can include a water reservoir dock 5130 for housing the water reservoir 5110. As shown in Figure 14 The water reservoir dock 5130 can include a cavity 5160 formed therein to house the water reservoir 5110. In one form, as shown in Figures 13 to 16 ​​As shown in FIG. 5, the humidifier 5000 can include a reservoir dock 5130. The reservoir dock 5130 can be configured to receive a reservoir 5110. The reservoir dock 5130 can be configured to connect the reservoir 5110 to the pneumatic path. In this arrangement, the reservoir dock 5130 includes a dock air outlet 5168 to pass a flow of air to the reservoir 5110 dock, a dock air inlet 5170 to receive a flow of air that has been humidified in the reservoir 5110 dock, and a humidifier outlet 5172 to pass the humidified air flow to the air circuit 4170. The chamber 5160 can include a top portion configured to cover at least a portion of a lid of the reservoir 5110 and a bottom portion including a heater plate 5120.

[0351] It will be appreciated that the reservoir dock 5130 can be provided separately to the humidifier 5000 in an alternative arrangement. In this arrangement, other interfaces can be used to connect the reservoir dock 5130 to the humidifier 5000.

[0352] In another arrangement, the reservoir dock 5130 can include an opening in a substantially horizontal plane so that the reservoir 5110 can be inserted from above or below the reservoir dock 5130.

[0353] 5.5.2.2 Reservoir 5110

[0354] Figures 9 to 12 One form of the reservoir 5110 is shown which includes a reservoir base 5112, a reservoir lid 5114, and an intermediate portion 5202 including a compliant portion 5116. The reservoir 5110 is configured to hold a given maximum volume of liquid (e.g. water), typically a few hundred millilitres, for example 300 millilitres (ml), 325 ml, 350 ml, or 400 ml, although it will be appreciated that other volumes such as 100 ml, 200 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, or less or more can be utilised. In one form, as shown in FIG. 5, the reservoir 5110 is configured to hold a maximum volume of 400 ml. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the reservoir 5110 can include a chamber formed by a plurality of walls to hold a given maximum volume of liquid.

[0355] According to one aspect, the reservoir 5110 is configured to increase the humidity to the flow of air from the RPT device 4000. The reservoir 5110 can be configured to do so by facilitating the flow of air to progress through the reservoir 5110 in a tortuous path. The reservoir 5110 is also configured to resist the egress of liquid therefrom, such as when the reservoir 5110 is moved and / or rotated from its normal operating orientation, liquid will not leak through any perforations and / or between its subcomponents. As the flow of air to be humidified by the humidifier 5000 is typically pressurised, the reservoir 5110 can also be configured to prevent pneumatic pressure loss through leakage and / or flow impedance.

[0356] The water reservoir 5110 can include an inlet 5118 for receiving a flow of air into the reservoir 5110, and an outlet 5122 for delivering a flow of air from the reservoir 5110. In one form, the reservoir 5110 can include an inlet tube 5124 and / or an outlet tube 5126 (see, e.g., Figure 10 and Figure 12 ). In one configuration, the inlet 5118 is integrally formed with the inlet tube 5124 as one inlet piece and the outlet 5122 is integrally formed with the outlet tube 5126 as one outlet piece (see Figures 10-12 , Figures 22-29 and Figures 47a-52b ). In other configurations, the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 can be separate tubes that are coupled to the inlet tube 5118 and / or the outlet 5122, respectively (see Figures 41a to 46 ). The water reservoir 5110 is configured to increase the humidity of the flow of air as it flows through the reservoir 5110.

[0357] 5.5.2.2.1 Water Reservoir Cover 5114

[0358] In one form, the water reservoir cover 5114 is pivotally connected to the base 5112 by a hinge 5158 to allow the reservoir 5110 to transition between an open configuration as shown in Figure 11 and a closed configuration as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 . When the water reservoir 5110 is in its closed configuration, the compliant portion 5116 is arranged to sealably engage between the base 5112 and the cover 5114 to seal the base 5112 and the cover 5114 and prevent water from exiting the reservoir 5110. The hinge 5158 can be coupled to a complementary hinge recessed portion 5159 positioned in the reservoir base 5112 (see Figure 12 ). In one form, the cover 5114 can be constructed of a bio-compliant material such as a plastic or a thermoplastic polymer, e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a polycarbonate material.

[0359] Another aspect of the technology relates to the operation of the pivotal action in the cover 5114 with respect to the base 5112. As the cover 5114 is rotated about the hinge 5158, a range of rotation can be defined as shown in Figure 51a and Figure 51 b . In one form, the range of rotation can be defined by the closure of the cover 5114 with respect to the base 5112, where one of the two ends can be the fully open position defined by the rotation guide 5220 being able to abut the rotation stop 5222 at the fully open position.

[0360] According to another aspect, the cover 5114 can be configured such that when a user attempts to open the cover 5114 further than the rotation stop 5222 and the rotation guide 5220, the cover 5114 will disconnect from the base 5112. For example... Figure 51 b and Figure 52b As shown, in the fully open position, the rotation guide 5220 can contact the rotation stop 5222. In this form, attempting to further open the cover 5114 relative to the base 5112 will cause the rotation stop 5222 to act as a pivot of the cantilever, and cause the cover 5114 to separate from the base 5112 at the hinge 5158, thereby preventing damage to the reservoir 5110, for example, from the application of excessive force. In one form, the hinge 5158 may be configured to allow the connection to be disengaged from the base 5112 (e.g., when the reservoir 5110 is in the fully open position) in one direction of the cover 5114 more easily than in the other. Figure 47a and Figure 47b As shown, this can be achieved, for example, by introducing a taper into the hinge 5158 on the cover 5114.

[0361] 5.5.2.2.2 Compliance Section 5116

[0362] In one embodiment, when the reservoir 5110 is in use, the compliant portion 5116 can serve as a seal between the reservoir base 5112 and the reservoir cover 5114. As will be described in further detail below, the compliant portion 5116 can also perform other functions, such as improving the thermal contact between the reservoir 5110 and the heating plate 5120.

[0363] The compliant portion 516 may be part of the reservoir cover 5114 or the reservoir base 5112, or independent of both, such as being part of the intermediate portion 5202. The compliant portion 5116 may engage with the reservoir cover 5114 or the reservoir base 5112 in various ways, including but not limited to ultrasonic welding, friction fitting, adhesive bonding, or by using an intermediate component. The intermediate portion 5202 may include the compliant portion 5116 and the carrier 5117 (e.g., Figure 12 (as shown in the image).

[0364] The compliant portion 5116 preferably includes a construction that is sufficiently flexible to be able to resist forces and / or pressures generated in the reservoir 5110, such as those generated by a user, the reservoir dock 5130, and / or air flow flowing through the reservoir 5110. The compliant portion 5116 is also preferably compliant to be able to couple to the lid 5114 and / or the base 5112, and to conform to the shape thereof. In one form, the carrier 5117 of the intermediate portion can be constructed of a nylon material that is approximately 2 mm thick (such as 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, or 3 mm), and a silicone material can be overmolded on the carrier 5117 to form the compliant portion of the intermediate portion 5202.

[0365] In some arrangements, the compliant portion 5116 can be coupled to the lid 5114 and / or the base 5112, and the base 5112 and / or the lid 5114 can be formed as two separate components that are able to fit together through the compliant portion 5116 coupled therebetween.

[0366] In alternative arrangements, the compliant portion 5116 can be positioned within the wall of the reservoir base 5112 and / or the wall of the reservoir lid 5114, either integrally, such as by overmolding, or as a separate component connected as a subassembly, for example. In this arrangement, the compliant portion can not be positioned between the reservoir base 5112 and the reservoir lid 5114, but rather within the reservoir base 5112 and / or the reservoir lid 5114. There can be more than one compliant portion 5116, or the compliant portion can be formed of multiple portions to provide multiple compliances during movement of the reservoir 5110.

[0367] 5.5.2.2.3 Reservoir Base 5112

[0368] According to one arrangement, the reservoir base 5112 includes a conductive portion configured to be in thermal coupling with the heater plate 5120 of the humidifier 5000 (such as, for example, see the base conductive plate 5152 of Figure 12 The conductive portion improves the efficiency of heat transfer from the heater plate 5120 to the volume of liquid in the reservoir 5110. All or a portion of the base conductive plate 5152 can be made of a thermally conductive material, such as aluminum (e.g., approximately 2 mm thick, such as 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, or 3 mm), or another thermally conductive material, such as a metal. In some cases, adequate thermal conductivity can be achieved by a less conductive material having an appropriate thickness.

[0369] The reservoir base 5112 can also be configured to receive a member to hold the reservoir 5110 configured to a given maximum capacity of liquid held. In one form, the base 5112 can include other features such as an anti-overflow feature as will be described in further detail below. In one form, the reservoir base 5112 can also include a base upper body 5146 and a base bottom plate 5148 which, along with a base conductive plate 5152, can form a container, see for example Figure 12 .

[0370] The base upper body 5146 and / or the base bottom plate 5148 can be constructed of a bio-compliant material suitable for holding a volume of liquid, such as a plastic or a thermoplastic polymer, for example ABS or a polycarbonate material. The base conductive plate 5152 can include a sealing element 5150, see for example Figure 12 which can be integrated into and / or sealingly connected to both the base upper body 5146 and the base bottom plate 5148 to prevent water from exiting the reservoir 5110, and in particular from the base 5112. For example, the sealing element 5150 can be overmolded on the base conductive plate 5152 and the resulting component can be secured between the base upper body 5146 and the base bottom plate 5148.

[0371] In the form as shown in Figure 12 , the base 5112 can include a base upper body 5146, a base bottom plate 5148 and a base conductive plate 5152. However, it should be understood that the reservoir base 5112 can be constructed in any number of components. The reservoir base 5112 can be constructed as a single component made of, for example, aluminum or another thermally conductive material such as a metal. In another arrangement, the reservoir base 5112 can be constructed in two parts, for example including a lower component and an upper component. In this arrangement, the lower component can be constructed of a thermally conductive material and perform the function of the base conductive plate 5152, the sealing element 5150 and the base bottom plate 5148, and the upper component can be equivalent to the base upper body 5146 and be constructed of a polycarbonate material.

[0372] In one form, for example as shown in Figure 53 and Figure 54 , the reservoir base 5112 can further include an inner lip 5224 and / or an outer lip 5226. According to one aspect, the inner lip 5224 and / or the outer lip 5226 can prevent liquid from exiting the reservoir 5110 through the interface between the intermediate portion 5202 (e.g., the compliant portion 5116) and the base 5112, for example, when the intermediate portion 5202 is compressed or when the intermediate portion 5202 is in vibration.

[0373] 5.5.2.2.4 Reservoir to humidifier connection

[0374] When in use, the water reservoir 5110 receives a flow of air output by the RPT device 4000, for example. In one form, the water reservoir 5110 is removably coupled with the humidifier 5000 by inserting the water reservoir into the water reservoir dock 5130, for example by sliding, as shown in Figures 13 to 16 The inlet 5118 of the water reservoir 5110 is configured to receive the flow of air output by the RPT device 4000 and direct the flow of air into the water reservoir 5110. As the air travels through the reservoir 5110, humidity (i.e. water vapour) is added to the flow of air, and the humidified flow of air exits the reservoir 5110 through the outlet tube 5126 and to the reservoir outlet 5122. The reservoir outlet 5122 can be connected to the air circuit 4170 to deliver the humidified flow of air to the patient 1000.

[0375] In the arrangement shown in Figure 14 and Figure 16 The double-ended arrows in

[0376] In an alternative arrangement, not shown, the water reservoir 5110 can be inserted into the dock cavity 5160 from a vertical direction, rather than with a sliding motion. In this arrangement, the dock cavity of the humidifier 5000 can include a movable cover portion, such as a lid or top portion, that is at least partially opened to allow insertion of the water reservoir 5110, and closed after insertion to secure the water reservoir 5110 within the dock cavity 5160.

[0377] In the arrangement shown (see Figure 16 ), the reservoir outlet 5122 can be connected to a reservoir dock air inlet 5170 through which the humidified flow of air travels to a humidifier outlet 5172. The humidifier outlet 5172 is connected to the air circuit 4170, as shown in Figure 13 Figure 13 ​) can be connected to the air circuit 4170. An advantage of this arrangement is that the humidifier reservoir 5110 can be removed from the dock cavity 5160 while the air circuit 4170 remains attached to the humidifier outlet 5172. In this way, insertion and removal of the humidifier reservoir 5110 is independent of the connection of the air circuit 4170. Another advantage is that the humidifier reservoir 5110 must be removed from the humidifier reservoir dock 5130 in order to fill the humidifier reservoir 5110 with liquid. In this form, when the reservoir 5110 is inserted into the humidifier 5000 in an operational configuration, neither of the inlet 5118 or outlet 5122 of the reservoir 5110 are exposed while the reservoir 5110 itself remains accessible to the patient 1000, for example to allow easy removal from the humidifier 5000. As the humidifier reservoir 5110 includes an anti-overflow feature as described further below, this arrangement can reduce the likelihood of a user overfilling the reservoir 5110 beyond a given, maximum volume of liquid. Still further, when the user is encouraged to remove the reservoir 5110 in order to fill the reservoir 5110 with liquid, the likelihood of water spilling onto or into the humidifier 5000 and / or RPT device 4000 is reduced.

[0378] As shown in Figure 16 The first dock seal 5132 and second dock seal 5134 can be provided to assist in sealing the connection between the reservoir inlet 5118 and the dock 5130 and the connection between the reservoir outlet 5122 and the dock 5130, as shown in

[0379] In the arrangement shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16 In this arrangement, the dock internal cavity 5160 and the height and shape of the reservoir 5110 are such that the reservoir 5110 engages with the humidifier 5000 by arranging the reservoir 5110 in the reservoir dock 5130, the compliant portion 5116 is compressed, for example between about 1 mm and about 5 mm, for example about 2 mm, about 3 mm or about 4 mm. In this way, the shape of the portion of the reservoir 5110 inserted into the dock 5130 is complementary to the shape of the dock cavity 5160, and the height of the reservoir 5110 when the compliant portion 5116 is compressed is slightly less than the height of the dock cavity 5160, the dock is such that the reservoir 5110 can be inserted into the dock cavity 5160.

[0380] The compliant portion 5116 can be configured to have a shape as shown in Figure 39The cross-sectional shape of one is shown. A clamping force is required to adequately clamp the compliant portion 5116 and allow relative movement (i.e., sliding) between the reservoir 5110 and the reservoir docking member 5130. For example, a clamping force, such as approximately 10 N to approximately 30 N, or approximately 20 N measured at the handle recesses 5154, 5156, or some other clamping force, is required to allow the reservoir 5110 to be inserted into the docking member cavity 5160. When this clamping force is applied at the handle recess and the reservoir 5110 is inserted into the reservoir docking member 5130, the vertical clearance achieved between the reservoir 5110 and the docking member cavity 5160 during the insertion (or removal) process can be between approximately 1 mm and approximately 5 mm, for example, approximately 2 mm, 3 mm, or 4 mm. The reservoir 5110 and the reservoir docking part 5130 can be arranged such that once the reservoir 5110 is connected to the reservoir docking part 5130 and the patient 1000 no longer applies pressure, the amount of pressure in the compliant part 5116 is reduced. The reduction in pressure can be between about 0.5 mm and about 2.5 mm, for example, about 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm.

[0381] The compliant portion 5116 may be constructed from an elastomeric material such as silicone, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), TPE polyester, TPE polyurethane, or natural rubber. When selecting the material to be used for the compliant portion 5116, it may be advantageous to choose a material that does not undergo mechanical relaxation across the storage and operating temperature range to which the compliant portion 5116 may be exposed. An example of a material for the compliant portion 5116 that meets these requirements could be silicone.

[0382] like Figure 40 As shown, a reservoir latch 5186 may be provided on the reservoir 5110 such that when the reservoir latch 5186 is engaged, it secures the reservoir cover 5114 to the reservoir base 5112. The latch 5186 prevents the reservoir cover 5114 from separating from the reservoir base 5112 and, for example, seals the compliant portion 5116 between the cover 5114 and the base 5112 by pressing. In one form, the latch 5186 may be configured to restrict relative movement of the cover 5114 relative to the base 5112 in only one direction, thereby allowing further pressing of the compliant portion 5116 while preventing separation of the cover 5114 from the base 5112. This may allow the reservoir 5110 to be inserted into the reservoir mating member 5130 and / or, as described elsewhere in this disclosure, allow the compliant portion 5116 to assist in thermal bonding between the reservoir 5110 and the heating plate 5120.

[0383] 5.5.2.2.5 Storage handles 5154, 5156

[0384] Figures 13 to 16An upper handle 5154 is shown positioned on the reservoir lid 5114, and a lower handle 5156 is positioned on the reservoir base 5112. These handles are intended to assist the patient (or user) 1000 in grasping and holding the reservoir 5110. In the illustrated arrangement, the handles 5154, 5156 are positioned away from the hinge 5158 such that the patient 1000, by holding the reservoir 5110 with the handles 5154, 5156, exerts a force on the reservoir 5110 to compress the compliant portion 5116, which causes the lid 5114 and the base 5112 to be urged toward one another. The compressive force can also assist in maintaining the compliant portion 5116 in sealed engagement between the reservoir base 5112 and the reservoir lid 5114, such as during transfer to / from the refill reservoir 5110 with liquid. It should be understood that the handles 5154 and 5156 can be placed on other components or areas of the reservoir 5110.

[0385] A handle grip 5166 can be provided on the surface of either or both of the handles 5154, 5156 as shown in FIGS. 16A-16C. Figure 14 The handle grip 5166 can be configured to assist the patient 1000 in holding the reservoir 5110, such as by being made of a higher friction material, being made of a higher friction structure, and / or being shaped to be more easily held than the surrounding areas of the reservoir 5110. For example, the handle grip 5166 can be constructed of an elastomeric material such as silicone, whereas the reservoir 5110 can be primarily constructed of a polycarbonate material. Additionally, or alternatively, the handle grip 5166 can include geometric features such as ribs or ridges to reduce the likelihood of slipping between the fingers and the handle 5154, 5156.

[0386] 5.5.2.2.6 Air flow path

[0387] In one form of the technology, the air flow is directed to travel through the reservoir 5110 in a tortuous path between the inlet 5118 and the outlet 5122. This prevents any "short circuiting" of the air flow, which can result in insufficient humidity in the air flow being transferred to the patient 1000.

[0388] Figures 17a to 17c 、 Figures 18a to 18c and Figures 19a to 19c An example path of the air flow through the reservoir 5110 is shown when the air flow through the reservoir 5110 enters through the inlet 5118 and exits through the outlet 5122. The figures are arranged in time sequence in three different orthogonal views, each of which visually displays the example flow path. In this arrangement, the air flow received through the inlet 5118 passes through the inlet tube 5124 Figures 17a to 17c ), into the reservoir 5110 Figures 18a to 18c). The air stream then passes through the outlet tube 5126 to exit the reservoir 5110 as humidified air at the outlet 5122 ( Figures 19a to 19c ). For clarity, Figures 17a to 17c 、 Figures 18a to 18c and Figures 19a to 19c illustrate the reservoir 5110 with the lid 5114 and base 5112 in exploded view orientation, and with any air flow occurring in the interior volume of the reservoir 5110 shown in dashed lines. The dashed arrows shown indicate the general direction of exemplary air flow, although it should be noted that the nature of air flow means that any air flow path includes rotation of the air (e.g., turbulent flow) rather than a straight or direct air flow path.

[0389] In some forms of the technology, the reservoir 5110 can include a flow element such as the baffle 5192 shown in Figure 42 configured to increase the length of the tortuous flow path and / or to prevent water from entering into the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126. For example, the reservoir 5110 can include a deflector portion 5198 as shown in Figure 41a 、 Figure 41 b 、 Figure 42 、 Figure 43a 、 Figure 43b and Figure 44 5198 with the flow guide 5195 as shown in Figure 47a and Figure 47b In some arrangements, the baffle 5192 can also include a positioning portion 5196 as will be described in further detail below.

[0390] In the arrangements shown in Figure 41a 、 Figure 41 b 、 Figure 42 、 Figure 43a 、 Figure 43b and Figure 44 5198 is configured to prevent the air flow from entering the outlet tube 5126 immediately after exiting the inlet tube 5124 through the inlet tube inner end (or inner tube outlet) 5125 (i.e., short circuiting). In a portion of the arrangements (e.g., as shown in Figure 41a 、 Figure 41 b 、 Figure 42 、 Figure 43a 、 Figure 43b and Figure 44 5126 can be formed as part of the middle portion 5202 and connected to the outlet 5122 of the reservoir when assembled with the lid portion 5114. When the middle portion 5202 is assembled with the lid portion 5114 as shown in Figure 41aThe deflector portion 5198 can be positioned near the inlet tube inner end 5125, such as by abutting the inlet tube inner end 5125, when the components are assembled together. In this arrangement, the deflector portion 5198 forms a cover between the inlet tube inner end 5125 and the base of the outlet tube inner end 5127. This cover can be further advantageous in that it forces the air stream to travel in the channel formed by the cover and forces the volume of water in the reservoir 5110 to be used for improved humidity collection.

[0391] In Figure 47a and Figure 47b the arrangement shown, the reservoir 5110 includes a flow guide 5195 as well as a deflector portion 5198. The deflector portion 5198 is configured to prevent short circuiting of the air stream, and the flow guide 5195 is further configured to direct the air stream exiting the inlet tube 5124 in a direction approximately parallel to the volume of liquid in the reservoir 5110. This can improve the occurrence of "dispersion," which can occur when the air stream exits the inlet tube 5124 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the volume of liquid.

[0392] As shown in Figure 22 and Figure 23 the reservoir 5110 can include an end wall 5128 proximate to and opposite the inlet tube inner end 5125. The inner end wall 5128 of the reservoir 5110 directs the air exiting the inlet tube 5124 to flow across the surface of the water before it reaches the outlet tube inner end 5127 and flows out of the outlet 5122 through the outlet tube 5126. Figures 24 to 27 Examples of other arrangements of flow elements are shown, in which a rotating vane 5136 can be included in the reservoir 5110, placed near the inner end 5125 of the inlet tube 5124. As shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27 the rotating vane 5136 can be integrally formed as an extension of the inlet tube 5124, or the rotating vane 5136 can be a separate component positioned near or coupled to the inlet tube 5124. The rotating vane 5136 can also be contoured as shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27 .

[0393] In Figures 17a to 17c , Figures 18a to 18c and Figures 19a to 19cThe path of the air stream shown is merely exemplary and is intended to show that the air stream can traverse one of a plurality of paths through the reservoir 5110, i.e., the air stream enters the reservoir 5110 through the inlet 5118 and exits the reservoir through the outlet 5122 after undergoing some degree of rotation within the volume of the reservoir 5110. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the particles or particulate forming the air stream can not follow a single path within the reservoir 5110 due to a number of factors including, for example, localized turbulence (vortices) or air pressure gradients within the reservoir 5110. Thus, the cumulative path of the air stream can include any number of paths in which the air stream undergoes varying degrees of "rotation" within the reservoir 5110 before exiting via the outlet tube 5126 at the outlet 5122. It is also possible that some small fraction of the air stream can exit the reservoir 5110 as a leak.

[0394] 5.5.2.2.7 Thermal Contact / Engagement

[0395] According to aspects of the present technology, as described above, the reservoir 5110 of the humidifier is in thermal contact or thermal engagement with the heater plate 5120. The degree of thermal contact between the two components, for example, as measured in thermal conductivity or contact thermal resistance, can vary according to a number of parameters.

[0396] In the prior art, other components have been used to improve the thermal contact between the reservoir and the heater plate by increasing the contact pressure between the reservoir and the heater plate. One example, as described in US 4,203,027, is the use of a spring element that is used to connect the heater plate to the humidifier body, thereby pushing the heater plate towards the reservoir. Another example, as described in WO 2010 / 031126, is a humidifier with a lid in which a compressible elastomeric seal is provided on the lid. In this example, when the lid is in the closed position, the seal engages against the reservoir and pushes the reservoir against the heater plate.

[0397] 5.5.2.2.7.1 Pre-Compression for Improved Thermal Contact

[0398] In the present technology, pre-compression of the reservoir 5110, for example, in engagement with the reservoir dock 5130, can be used to assist in improving the thermal contact between the reservoir 5110 and the heater plate 5120.

[0399] In one arrangement, the reservoir 5110 can be configured such that, when in its operational configuration, such as when it is placed in the reservoir dock 5130, the compliant portion 5116 is compressed as described above. The reservoir 5110 and the reservoir dock 5130 can be further configured such that the force of the compression of the compliant portion 5116 pushes the base 5112 of the reservoir 5110 against the heater plate 5120 to improve the thermal contact therebetween.

[0400] Thus, the compliant portion 5116 can act as a spring which is biased in a direction perpendicular to the heater plate 5120 to urge the reservoir base 5112 and / or the reservoir lid 5114. As the reservoir 5110 is externally fixed, such as defined within the reservoir dock 5130, the compression of the compliant portion 5116 acts by a force which promotes improved thermal engagement with the heater plate 5120. Figure 20 This effect is illustrated by the distributed force or pressure applied to the lid 5114, the compliant portion 5116 and the base 5112 indicated by the arrows shown.

[0401] The force required for the compression of the compliant portion 5116 when the water reservoir 5110 is connected to the humidifier 5000 is preferably in the same direction as the surface of the conductive portion. This direction can also preferably be in the same direction as the direction of thermal engagement. This force acts through the water reservoir dock 5130 at its contact points and / or surfaces, thereby urging the base 5112 of the water reservoir 5110 together with the heater plate 5120.

[0402] The magnitude of the compression force when the water reservoir 5110 is placed in the water reservoir dock 5130 can be between about 5 N and about 15 N when measured at the heater plate 5120. However, it should be appreciated that different configurations of the water reservoir 5110 can require different magnitudes of compression force. The magnitude of this force can be altered by changing the design of any or all of the compliant portion 5116, the lid 5114, the base 5112 or the reservoir dock 5130. For example, if the compliant portion 5116 is constructed from a material having a higher Young's modulus, this will correspondingly increase the magnitude of the force. It should be noted that, Figure 20 Only forces and pressures in the vertical direction are shown.

[0403] In some cases, the amount of compression of the compliant portion 5116 in the reservoir 5110 can be used to vary the level of thermal engagement between the conductive portion and the heater plate 5120.

[0404] 5.5.2.2.7.2 Use of pressurised air for improved thermal contact

[0405] According to another aspect, the flow of air received from the RPT device when the water reservoir 5110 is connected to the humidifier 5000 can pressurise a chamber, such as the interior of the reservoir 5110. The pressurisation of the chamber can be used to increase the level of thermal engagement (i.e. thermal contact) between the reservoir 5110 and the heater plate 5120. The water reservoir 5110 can be further configured such that by varying the level of pressure in the chamber can vary the level of thermal contact between the reservoir 5110 and the heater plate 5120.

[0406] In one configuration, the compliant portion 5116 may be configured to be expandable in the thermal contact direction and may define the reservoir 5110 in the same direction via the reservoir mating member 5130. In this configuration, internal pressure pushes the base 5112 of the reservoir 5110 against the heating plate 5120 to improve the thermal bonding level between the heating plate 5120 and the base 5112.

[0407] Figure 21 By Figure 21 The arrows shown indicate the force or pressure applied to the distribution of the cover 5114 and the base 5112, illustrating this effect. Because thermal bonding occurs in the vertical direction in this configuration, therefore... Figure 21 Only the forces and pressures in the vertical direction are shown. The presence of atmospheric pressure above the water reservoir 5110 generates a force in the direction of thermal bonding, and acts through the water reservoir mating member 5130 at its contact surface, thereby pushing the base 5112 of the water reservoir 5110 together with the heating plate 5120 in the direction of thermal bonding. When measured at the heating plate 5120 with a pressure of 20 cmH2O, the magnitude of this force can be between approximately 5 N and approximately 15 N.

[0408] It should be understood that different constructions of the water reservoir 5110 may require different magnitudes of force, which can be achieved by changing the surface area on which the pressure acts or the effective pressure acting on the surface. This change can be achieved, for example, by a pressure regulating valve.

[0409] In another arrangement, the substantially the same effects described above can be achieved through the unopened, compliant portion of the reservoir 5110. The reservoir 5110 and the reservoir mating member 5130 can be arranged such that elasticity or flexibility is provided by an elastic material or joint that allows free movement in the heat transfer direction (e.g., a sliding connection, or a contracting portion of a flexible plastic or a flexible portion in the reservoir). In this configuration, the cap 5114 and the base 5112 can be unrestricted relative to each other in the heat contact direction. The reservoir 5110 can then be defined in the heat transfer direction in another way (e.g., by the reservoir mating member or a similar housing) to generate a reaction force that counteracts the pressure formed by the pressurized airflow within the reservoir 5110, wherein a portion of the reaction force can occur at the heating plate 5120 to improve heat contact. In this arrangement, another opening for refilling the reservoir 5110 can be introduced into the reservoir 5110, such as in the cap 5114, and a separate seal can be included around this opening.

[0410] Figure 34An example of this arrangement is shown, which includes a base 5174, a top 5176, a compliant portion 5178, and a refill cap 5180. In another arrangement, the base, top, and compliant portion can be mounted together, wherein refill of the reservoir will be supplied through the refill cap 5180. The refill cap 5180 can be arranged such that when the humidifier reservoir 5110 is engaged with the reservoir dock 5130, the refill cap 5180 is inaccessible. This arrangement can maintain the advantage described above, that the reservoir 5110 cannot be refilled when it is engaged with the reservoir dock 5130. Further, the compliant portion 5178 can be replaced by any mechanism known in the art that can accommodate changes in vertical length within the reservoir.

[0411] In yet another alternative arrangement, the level of thermal contact between the humidifier reservoir 5110 and the heating plate 5120 can be improved with air flow by means of a pressurized or inflated auxiliary component. The auxiliary component can be a chamber, body, or surface that acts on the humidifier reservoir 5110, which in turn pushes the reservoir 5110 and the heating plate 5120 together in the direction of thermal engagement. Similarly, the auxiliary component can act on the heating plate 5120 to push the heating plate 5120 and the reservoir 5110 together in the direction of thermal engagement.

[0412] The auxiliary component can be arranged externally to the reservoir 5110 and / or the heating plate 5120. Further, the auxiliary component can be configured to change the area of contact with the reservoir 5110 and / or the heating plate 5120 in order to further give a profile to the change in thermal contact as the pressure of the air flow changes.

[0413] In an alternative arrangement, the reservoir dock 5130 can include a retention mechanism (e.g., a lid that closes around the reservoir 5110) to hold the reservoir 5110 in its desired position. In this arrangement, the reservoir dock lid can be configured to compress and / or define a compliant portion 5116 in order to improve the level of thermal contact.

[0414] The level of thermal contact can also be further improved with a spring-loaded plate or spring heating plate as known in the art. The heating plate can be configured to have a convex or dome shape towards the humidifier reservoir 5110, such that when the humidifier 5110 is engaged with the reservoir dock 5130, the convex heating plate is flat, which creates a clamping force to push the heating plate 5120 to the reservoir 5110. Similarly, the conductive plate 5152 of the reservoir 5110 can be dome or convex shaped and configured to be flat towards the heating plate when the reservoir 5110 is engaged in the dock cavity 5160 of the humidifier 5000.

[0415] Any of the above devices to improve thermal contact can be used independently of each other or in any combination, including in combination with any prior art device to achieve or improve thermal engagement between the humidifier reservoir and the heater plate.

[0416] 5.5.2.2.8 Reservoir inlet / outlet

[0417] As described above, the reservoir inlet 5118 is configured to receive an air flow into the reservoir 5110, and the reservoir outlet 5122 is configured to output a humidified air flow. The inlet 5118 and / or the outlet 5122 are preferably further configured to prevent liquid egress from the reservoir 5110 when the reservoir 5110 is translated and / or rotated from its normal, working orientation. Still further, as described above, the inlet 5118 and / or the outlet 5122 are preferably configured to prevent short circuiting of the air flow. In one form, the inlet 5118 can be configured to prevent "splashing" or spattering of liquid, which can result from an air jet impinging on a volume of liquid in the reservoir 5110.

[0418] In one arrangement as shown in Figure 22 , the reservoir inlet 5118 includes an inlet tube 5124 to provide a flow path for inlet air flow into the reservoir 5110, and the reservoir outlet 5122 includes an outlet tube 5126 to provide a flow path for outlet humidified air flow from the reservoir 5110.

[0419] In one configuration as shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27 , it can be advantageous to configure the swivel vane 5136 so that the lowest portion of the swivel vane 5136 extends below the lowest portion of the outlet tube 5126. This can further prevent any "splashing" of water from the water entering the inlet tube 5124.

[0420] The water reservoir 5110 is preferably configured to provide tilt- over spill protection to prevent water from flowing back through the outlet tube 5126 or the inlet tube 5124. Water egress through the inlet tube 5124 is particularly undesirable as it can introduce water into the RPT device 4000 and damage electrical components (such as the motor, flow sensor or printed circuit board) to come into contact with the water.

[0421] In one arrangement of the present technology, by arranging the inlet tube inner end 5125, the reservoir 5110 achieves spill-over protection so that a given maximum capacity of water can be stored in the reservoir 5110 without reaching the inlet tube inner end 5125 when the reservoir 5110 is rotated 90 degrees in any direction from its working, horizontal orientation.

[0422] In another arrangement of the reservoir 5110, when in the working, horizontal orientation, the reservoir 5110 is configured so that the lowest portion of the swivel vane 5136 is below the lowest portion of the outlet tube 5126. Figure 28 andFigure 29 The axes of the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 can cross each other when viewed in the plane above as shown in FIG. 51. The inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 can not be connected to each other when one of the tubes passes below the other tube, such as when the inlet tube 5124 passes below the outlet tube 5126.

[0423] This configuration can improve the tilt spill protection by arranging the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 such that when the reservoir 5110 is tilted away from its working orientation, water must reach the higher end of the inlet tube 5124 or the outlet tube 5126 to exit the reservoir 5110. For example, as shown in FIG. 51, if the reservoir 5110 is tilted such that water reaches the lower portion of the inlet tube inner end 5125, the water must still rise higher to reach the outer end of the inlet tube 5124 or the inlet 5118 to exit the reservoir 5110. Figure 29

[0424] Figures 35-38 A simplified depiction of the effect created by the crossing inlet and outlet tubes is shown in FIGS. 52-55, where the inner surfaces are shown by dashed lines. These figures show alternative arrangements of the water reservoir 5110, where the inlet 5118 and the outlet 5122 include an inlet tube 5124 and an outlet tube 5126, respectively. Figure 35 Figure 36 A configuration is shown in which the axes of the tubes cross when viewed from the side (as shown in FIG. 52), and Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 An alternative configuration is shown in which the axes of the tubes are substantially parallel when viewed from the side (as shown in FIG. 53). In Figure 38 Figures 35 to 38 In FIG. 54, it is assumed that the volume of water 5128 fills approximately half of the volume of the reservoir 5110, and the water level 5184 is indicated by the horizontally extending dashed line.

[0425] When the water reservoir 5110 is oriented as shown in FIG. 51, the arrangement of the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 requires that if any water 5182 exits the water reservoir 5110, the water level 5184 rises above the higher end of the inlet tube 5124 or the higher end of the outlet tube 5126. In another aspect, in the arrangement shown in Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 In the arrangement shown in FIGS. 54 and 55, the water level 5184 need only rise as high as the lower end of the inlet tube 5124 or the outlet tube 5126 in order to exit the water reservoir 5110.

[0426] ​​​​​​​​This effect of the intersecting inlet tube 5124 and outlet tube 5126 can be recreated at any orientation needed to fit the shape of the reservoir 5110, as by reorienting the inlet tube 5124 and outlet tube 5126, as the water level 5184 will change according to the orientation of the reservoir 5110. In some forms, the inlet tube 5124 and outlet tube 5126 can be intersecting when viewed from multiple angles that are orthogonal to each other.

[0427] In Figure 28 and Figure 29 and Figures 35-38 forms shown, the inlet tube inner end 5125 and outlet tube inner end 5127 are positioned within the cavity, and the outer end of the inlet tube and the outer end of the outlet tube 5126 are positioned in one of the multiple walls of the cavity at the inlet 5118 and outlet 5122, respectively. A first axis (inlet tube axis) is defined between the inlet tube inner end 5125 and the inlet 5118 and a second axis (outlet tube axis) is defined by the outlet tube inner end and the outlet 5122. When the reservoir is tilted (e.g., about 90° from the normal operating orientation), the first axis has a first angle such that the inlet tube inner end 5125 and the inlet 5118 are positioned at different heights such that a predetermined maximum capacity of water is below at least one of the inlet tube inner end 5125 or the inlet 5118 to prevent backflow of water through the inlet tube 5124. Further, when the reservoir is tilted (e.g., about 90° from the normal operating orientation), the second axis has a second angle such that the outlet tube inner end 5127 and the outlet 5122 are positioned at different heights such that a predetermined maximum capacity of water is below at least one of the outlet tube inner end 5127 or the outlet 5122 to prevent backflow of water through the outlet tube 5126. This effect can also be created where the reservoir is tilted at any other angle to fit the design and / or tilting situation of the humidifier 5000 and / or reservoir 5110.

[0428] 5.5.2.2.9 Reservoir arrangements with removable inlet / outlet tubes

[0429] In yet another example of the current technology, the reservoir 5110 can be configured as shown in Figure 41a , Figure 41 b and Figure 42 In this example, the reservoir 5110 includes a lid portion 5114, an intermediate portion 5202, and a base portion 5112 (the base portion is not shown in Figure 41a and Figure 41 b for clarity). The lid portion 5114 and the intermediate portion 5202 can be configured to releasably engage to each other. They can be further configured to include features such as the inlet 5118, the outlet 5122, the inlet tube 5124, and the outlet tube 5126 when engaged to each other, while releasably engaged to each other. For example, as shown in Figure 41 bAs shown, the lid portion 5114 can include an inlet 5118, an outlet 5122, and an inlet tube 5124, and the middle portion 5202 can include an outlet tube 5126.

[0430] As shown, the middle portion 5202 can also include a carrier 5117, a baffle 5192, and at least one support spoke 5194. The support spoke 5194 can be provided as a structural support and / or to position the outlet tube 5126 and / or the baffle 5192 on the middle portion. The baffle 5192 is arranged to block a direct air path (or short circuit as described above) between the inlet inner end 5125 and the outlet tube inner end 5127 to facilitate movement of air flow within the reservoir to improve the humidity taken up by the air flow within the reservoir 5110. Further, the compliant portion 5116 can be integrated with the middle portion 5202 as shown or can be formed as a separate component to the middle portion.

[0431] An advantage of this arrangement can be to improve the cleanliness of the reservoir 5110 by separating a portion of the component from the reservoir, such as the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126. As when at least one of the inlet tube 5124 or the outlet tube 5126 extends into the internal volume of the reservoir 5110, as these features can prevent access to the interior of the reservoir 5110, this arrangement can be particularly advantageous. In Figure 41a and Figure 41 b As can be seen in Figs. 5 and 6, the middle portion 5202 is engaged with the lid portion 5114 in its normal working orientation. However, when the middle portion 5202 is separable from the lid portion 5114, the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 can be separated to improve access to the interior of the lid portion 5114.

[0432] By using two separable portions 5114, 5202 to construct the upper portion of the reservoir and / or by constructing the inlet tube and / or outlet tube 5124, 5126 to be releasably engaged to the reservoir 5110, the number of small hard to access areas can be reduced, which can improve the cleanliness of the reservoir 5110. Further, and the removable inlet tube 5124 and / or the removable outlet tube 5126 can be themselves more easily accessible for cleaning.

[0433] In another example of the current technology (not shown), the cap portion 5114 and the middle portion 5202 can each include a portion of a feature, wherein they can combine to form the complete feature. For example, the cap portion 5114 can include a portion of the inlet tube 5124 and a portion of the outlet tube 5126, and the middle portion 5202 can include another portion of the inlet tube 5124 and another portion of the outlet tube 5126. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the reservoir can be further subdivided into any number of separable portions, and that separable features such as the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 can be positioned in any number of arrangements in relation to the separable portions.

[0434] Another advantage of the current arrangement can be to improve the back siphon performance (preventing liquid from exiting through the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126) of the reservoir 5110. Back siphon performance can be improved by increasing the internal volume of the reservoir 5110, which can be achieved by introducing a void above the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126.

[0435] Another method of improving back siphon performance is to position the inlet tube inner end 5125 and / or the outlet tube inner end 5127 proximate the center of the reservoir 5110, for example proximate the geometric center of the reservoir volume. In this configuration, the maximum water level that can be stored in the reservoir 5110 is the same when the reservoir 5110 is rotated 90 degrees in any direction from its working orientation without reaching the inlet tube inner end 5125 and / or the outlet tube inner end 5127. In an example, this configuration of the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 can be provided by a single molding part, for example by combining horizontal and vertical molding tools to form the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 in the desired arrangement. Since the reservoir 5110 is typically manufactured by injection molding, forming the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 as part of the cap 5114 inhibits the introduction of a void above the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126. In this configuration, the molding tool that includes the internal volume of the cap 5114 would be fixed in place by the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126, and molding would not be possible, or would require complex and expensive tooling arrangements. In this case, the ability to separate the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 can be further advantageous.

[0436] It should be understood that the cap portion 5114, the intermediate portion 5202, and the base portion 5112 can be constructed in any number and manner. For example, the relative dimensions of the cap portion 5114 and the base portion 5112 can be varied, and the cap portion 5114 and / or the base portion 5112 can also include various materials or components in their construction. One or more of the inlet pipe 5124 and the outlet pipe 5126 can be removably or releasably coupled to the cap portion 5114 or the base portion 5112, for example, as part of the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion can also be constructed to initially engage the cap portion 5114 and / or the base portion 5112, for example, by being constructed to insert into the cap portion 5114 or the base portion 5112.

[0437] Another feature of this arrangement is the use of support spokes 5194 to provide structural rigidity to the center portion 5202. The spokes 5194, either on their own or in conjunction with the baffle 5192, can provide handles for removing the center portion 5202 from the cap 5114 or the base portion 5112. This improves usability, as the user can grasp the baffle 5192 and / or the spokes 5194 to separate the center portion 5202 from the cap portion 5114 or the base portion 5112. It should be understood that several other configurations are possible, in which the support spokes 5194 are alternatively arranged as follows: Figure 43a , Figure 43b ,and Figure 44 The exemplary arrangement shown is illustrated.

[0438] In examples of this technology, such as in Figure 43a , Figure 43b ,and Figure 44 As seen in the diagram, baffle 5192 may include a positioning portion 5196 and a deflecting portion 5198. The positioning portion 5196 may be in the form of a cylinder to assist in accurately positioning baffle 5192 relative to inlet pipe 5124 by fitting around the outer periphery of the vertical portion of inlet pipe 5124, i.e., at the inner end 5125 of inlet pipe. In some forms, such as... Figure 48b As shown, the baffle 5192 may also include a baffle seal 5197 to seal between the baffle 5192 and the inlet pipe 5124. The baffle 5192 may also be configured to be combined with a spoke 5194 such that at least some portions of the baffle 5192 can be used as spokes 5194, or vice versa.

[0439] exist Figures 45a-45b An exemplary cross-section of the assembled cover 5114 is shown. The diameter of the inlet pipe 5124 or the positioning portion 5196 may vary along its length, for example, by altering its arrangement in a truncated cone manner, so as to gradually engage with each other. Figure 45a and Figure 45bAs shown, the inlet tube 5124 and the positioning portion 5196 can also include complementary retention mechanisms such as the tab / slot combination 5205.

[0440] It should also be appreciated that the compliant portion 5116 can be positioned at alternative locations to the exemplary arrangement shown in Figure 41a Figure 41 b Figure 41 b Figure 41a Figure 41 b Figure 43a Figure 43b Figure 44 Figure 43a Figure 43b Figure 44 Figure 48b Figures 45a-45b Figure 45a Figure 45b Figure 41a , Figure 41b , Figure 42 , Figure 43a , Figure 43b and Figure 44 . For example, the compliant portion 5116 can be formed as part of the lid portion 5114, as part of the reservoir base portion 5112, or as a separate component formed by itself not integrally formed into any of the lid portion 5114, the intermediate portion 5202, and the base 5112. One exemplary method of forming the compliant portion 5116 with the lid portion 5114 or the base portion 5112 can be by overmolding or with mechanical adhesives.

[0441] Figure 46 An exploded view showing another example of the current technology is shown. In this arrangement, the reservoir 5110 includes a lid portion 5114, an intermediate portion 5202, and a base portion 5112 (not shown in Figure 46 for clarity). The intermediate portion 5202 includes an inlet tube 5124 and an outlet tube 5126, as well as a wall portion 5206 configured to couple with the lid portion 5114. Alternatively, the intermediate portion 5202 can join the base portion 5112 and can include one or both of the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126. In some cases, the wall portion 5206 configured to couple with the lid portion 5114 can be connected with one or more of the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126.

[0442] This configuration can allow for the removal of the inlet tube 5124 and / or the outlet tube 5126 in order to improve the cleanability of the reservoir 5110. Furthermore, as described above, this configuration can improve the spillback performance of the reservoir 5110 by increasing the internal volume of the reservoir 5110.

[0443] In some cases, the inlet tube 5124 and the outlet tube 5126 can be arranged such that the removal of either or both of the tubes 5124, 5126 from the reservoir 5110 does not affect the predetermined maximum capacity of water that the reservoir 5110 can hold. This configuration can allow for the cleaning of the tubes 5124, 5126 without purging any water from the reservoir 5110.

[0444] 5.5.2.2.10 Overflow prevention

[0445] In some prior art humidifier reservoirs, for example a fullness of a reservoir 5110 having a volume of liquid above a predetermined maximum capacity of liquid can reduce the effectiveness of the anti-overflow feature. For example, if the reservoir 5110 is rotated away from its desired orientation when full, then the fullness liquid in the reservoir 5110 can reach the inlet 5118 at a lower angle of inclination than if the reservoir 5110 was filled only to the predetermined maximum capacity of liquid. Accordingly, some prior art humidifier reservoirs have included water fill indicator markings to reduce the occurrence of such fullness, however this can only go some way towards ameliorating this risk, for example because the user (e.g. the patient 1000) can not be able to see or appreciate the meaning of the indicator markings.

[0446] Some prior art humidifier reservoirs include one or more tubes which can act as an egress path for liquid (typically water) when the reservoir is filled with a volume of liquid which exceeds a threshold volume. An example of such a prior art humidifier is described in PCT publication WO2009 / 156921. However, one disadvantage of this arrangement can be that if the reservoir is filled to this threshold volume, then any movement of the reservoir can result in egress of liquid from the reservoir (e.g. from movement of the volume of liquid). Accordingly, transport of this reservoir (e.g. from a patient kitchen or bathroom) without spillage can be difficult, and the risk of spillage (i.e. through the one or more tubes of the reservoir) during use can be high. Accordingly, such prior art humidifier reservoirs typically include water fill indicator markings which indicate a recommended predetermined maximum capacity of water at which the reservoir is to be filled, wherein the recommended predetermined maximum capacity of water is lower (sometimes significantly lower) than the threshold volume of water at which the one or more tubes in the reservoir can begin to spill. In some cases, such prior art humidifier reservoirs can also include a secondary chamber configured to contain water which exits the reservoir, for example before the water can enter an RPT device positioned upstream.

[0447] Another aspect of the present technology is to include one or more fullness protection features configured to prevent filling of a humidifier reservoir above a maximum capacity of water when filling the humidifier reservoir, such as in its open configuration and / or closed configuration.

[0448] In some embodiments, the one or more fullness protection features are configured to prevent filling of the humidifier reservoir above a maximum capacity of water when filling the humidifier reservoir, such as in its open configuration and / or closed configuration. Figure 30a and Figure 30bIn one arrangement, the overflow protection feature may include at least one hole 5138 in the water reservoir 5110 to indicate overflow. According to this aspect of the art, when the water reservoir 5110, filled with the reservoir cover 5114, is opened, any water introduced into the reservoir 5110 exceeding its predetermined maximum capacity will overflow from the hole 5138. This will indicate to the user that the reservoir 5110 is full and prevent such overflow. Advantageously, water will overflow only through at least one hole 5138 rather than from the entire area of ​​the water reservoir, resulting in less overflow for the user to clean up. Thus, when the predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded, at least one hole limits the outflow path of the water. Figure 30a A water reservoir 5110 in its open configuration is shown, wherein the upper flange or lip 5224 of the base 5112 does not extend across the periphery of the entire opening, forming a hole 5138. Figure 30b A portion of the base 5112 is shown indicating at least one hole 5138. The at least one hole 5138 may be in the form of one or more perforations, holes, slits, or slots, or any other form that allows fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the reservoir 5110. The at least one hole 5138 may be formed in one or more locations around the upper flange or lip 5224 of the base 5112.

[0449] In an alternative arrangement, the overflow protection feature may include an inclined profile 5139. For example... Figure 30c and Figure 30d As shown, the reservoir base 5112 can be arranged such that its side profile has a sloping profile 5139 in one or more directions. This arrangement can also indicate overflow when the reservoir base 5112 is filled with water. In this arrangement, when the reservoir cover 5114 is in the open configuration, water can overflow at the base of the sloping profile 5139 rather than from the entire area of ​​the reservoir. Thus, the sloping profile defines the outflow path of the water when the water exceeds a predetermined maximum capacity. An advantage of the above method is that overflow may become more difficult than in the prior art, and it has another advantage: overflow can occur at a more predictable location in response to an attempt to overflow.

[0450] In the example of at least one orifice 5138 and inclined profile 5139 described above, the overflow protection feature is independent of the inlet pipe 5124 and the outlet pipe 5126. That is, the outflow path of water is provided by at least one orifice 5138 or inclined profile 5139 rather than via the inlet pipe 5124 and / or the outlet pipe 5126.

[0451] In one configuration, when the water reservoir 5110 is in its closed configuration, the threshold volume of water required to reach the inlet pipe 5124 and / or the outlet pipe 5126, and thus the pipes 5124, 5126 defining the outflow path of the water, can be greater than a predetermined maximum capacity of water. During its transport or use, this arrangement can allow for a reduction in the risk of water leaking from the reservoir 5110.

[0452] In some cases, the reservoir 5110 may include at least one water fill indicator mark 5140 (e.g., in a configuration where...). Figure 57a and Figure 57b (As shown on the base 5112). A water fill indicator 5140 can indicate to the user the predetermined maximum capacity of water contained in the reservoir 5110, such as by indicating the water level to be filled in the reservoir 5110. Other water fill indicator marks 5140_a, 5140_b (e.g., as shown on the base 5112). Figure 57a and Figure 57b (As shown) can indicate the fill height of the storage 5110. In one arrangement (such as...) Figure 57a and Figure 57b As shown in the diagram, the reservoir 5110 may be further configured such that the predetermined maximum capacity of water is substantially the same as the maximum capacity of water that will remain in the reservoir without causing water to leak out through at least one hole 5138 (or a slanted profile 5139 – not shown). Thus, when a user (e.g., patient 1000) attempts to fill the reservoir 5110 beyond the water-fill indicator mark 5140, the user will cause water to leak out through at least one hole 5138 or a slanted profile 5139.

[0453] The storage device 5110 can be further, for example, Figure 58a and Figure 58b The configuration shown allows the threshold volume of water required to reach the inlet pipe 5124 and / or outlet pipe 5126 (indicated by water level 5141_2) when the reservoir 5110 is in its closed configuration to be larger than the predetermined maximum capacity of water (indicated by water level 5141_1). Figure 58b As shown, the water level 5141_1 at the predetermined maximum capacity of water can substantially coincide with the base or lower edge of at least one hole 5138 to allow any excess water added above the water fill indicator mark 5140 to escape. When this arrangement contains the predetermined maximum capacity of water, it allows the patient 1000 to more easily transfer the reservoir 5110 and reduces the risk of water spillage / outflow when the humidifier 5000 is in use.

[0454] In an alternative embodiment, the base or lower edge of at least one hole 5138 or inclined profile 5139 may be above a predetermined maximum capacity of water (indicated by water level 5141_1), but below a threshold volume of water (indicated by water level 5141_2). Preferably, the base or lower edge of at least one hole 5138 or inclined profile 5139 may be closer to the predetermined maximum capacity of water (indicated by water level 5141_1) than the threshold volume of water (indicated by water level 5141_2).

[0455] Another aspect of this technology is that when the reservoir 5110 is in its closed configuration, the compliant portion 5116 sealably engages the base 5112 and the reservoir cover 5114 and blocks or seals the hole 5138 or the inclined profile 5139 to prevent fluid communication between the inside and outside of the reservoir 5110. Figure 31a One arrangement of this feature is shown, illustrating that when the reservoir lid 5114 is closed (the lid is not shown in this image), the compliant portion 5116 engages sealingly with the base 5112 on the outside of the orifice 5138, and no longer allows liquid or air to communicate between the inside and outside of the reservoir 5110 through the orifice 5138. Similarly, the compliant portion 5116 will engage with the base 5112 around the edge of the inclined profile to prevent liquid or air from passing through as... Figure 31b The sloping profile shown connects the interior and exterior of the water reservoir 5110.

[0456] According to another aspect of the present technology, the overflow prevention feature can be configured to prevent overflow, for example via inlet 5118 or outlet 5122, when the user attempts to fill the reservoir 5110 while it is in its closed configuration.

[0457] In one form ( Figure 49 The diagram shows a reservoir without a base 5112. The overflow prevention feature can form one or more airlocks to prevent further liquid from entering the reservoir 5110 when a predetermined maximum volume of liquid is present in the reservoir. In this form, when the reservoir 5110 is filled in its closed configuration via inlet 5118 or outlet 5122, one or more airlocks will form an air closure within the reservoir 5110 that is not replaced by the volume of liquid in the reservoir 5110. Figure 49 In the example shown, when the user simultaneously fills the directional reservoir 5110 with water, the reservoir 5110 is in an orientation that causes the inlet 5118 and outlet 5122 to be normally vertically oriented. The water level 5184 will rise and reach... Figure 49At the height shown, the remaining volume of air in reservoir 5110 can no longer access inlet tube 5124 or outlet tube 5126, and thus can no longer exit reservoir 510. Reservoir 5110 can thus not contain any further volume of water in its interior space. Adding further water will fill inlet tube 5124 or outlet tube 5126 depending on whether the reservoir is refilled through inlet 5118 or outlet 5122, respectively, and then overflow to the outside of inlet 5118 or outlet 5122, respectively. This will indicate to the user that reservoir 5110 is overflowing.

[0458] Preferably, the volume of water in reservoir 5110 when air blockage is formed preventing any further water from entering reservoir 5110 is substantially equal to the predetermined maximum liquid volume of liquid to be held in reservoir 5110. In some cases, reservoir 5110 can allow further filling of inlet tube 5124 and / or outlet tube 5126, although water is prevented from further entering the interior volume by air blockage. In such cases, the volume of liquid in reservoir 5110 when air blockage is formed and the volume of inlet tube 5124 and / or outlet tube 5126 can be configured such that when added together, they are substantially equal to the predetermined maximum capacity of liquid to be held in reservoir 5110.

[0459] In some cases, for example where the normal of inlet 5118 and outlet 5122 can not be parallel, a user can fill reservoir 5110 in one of a plurality of orientations when closed. In such cases, reservoir 5110 can be configured such that an appropriate air blockage can be formed in one or more of a plurality of orientations. It is not required that the air blockage be formed solely by obstructing inlet tube 5124 and / or outlet tube 5126. In one form (not shown), one or more air blockages can be formed by obstructing any cavity or port that can allow fluid communication between the interior of reservoir 5110 and the exterior. Furthermore, it is not required that this obstruction be performed by the volume of liquid in reservoir 5110. In some forms, as the volume of liquid is increased, it can deform or move another component to form a seal (and thus air blockage) in the reservoir.

[0460] 5.5.2.2.11 Collapsible inlet tube / outlet tube

[0461] As noted above, any spillage of water from the reservoir 5110, particularly through the inlet tube, is undesirable. One situation in which spillage of water can occur is when the reservoir 5110 and / or humidifier 5000 is tilted away from its normal working orientation, for example by a user (e.g. patient 1000) of the humidifier 5000. Tilting of the reservoir 51110 and / or humidifier 5000 can occur when the patient 1000 is not receiving therapy, for example when the humidifier 5000 is packed away to be moved and / or transported.

[0462] The humidifier 5000 can comprise one or more collapsible tubes, such as a collapsible inlet tube and / or a collapsible outlet tube. The collapsible tube 5208 is capable of assuming one of a plurality of configurations, such as an open state (shown in Figure 55a and a closed state (shown in Figure 55b In some cases, the collapsible tube is capable of assuming a plurality of degrees of "openness" therebetween, such as 20%, 40%, 60% or 80% (e.g. as measured by the percentage of the "fully open" cross-sectional area).

[0463] As shown in Figure 55a and Figure 55b The collapsible tube can comprise a flexible portion 5210, which can be configurable between a plurality of states to close or open the collapsible tube 5208 (the flexible portion 5210 is marked by the dashed line boundary). Alternatively, or in addition, the collapsible tube 5208 can comprise a rigid portion 5212 to position and / or support the flexible portion 5210. In some forms, the rigid portion 5212 can comprise approximately half (50%) of the collapsible tube 5208 (e.g. in cross-section), however other portions thereof can be appropriate depending on the particular configuration of the collapsible tube 5208, such as 30%, 40%, 60%, 70%.

[0464] In one form, the collapsible tube can be biased towards one state, such as the open state, and depending on the occurrence of an event, such as water impinging on the collapsible tube, the orientation of the reservoir 5110 (and hence the collapsible tube), can assume another state, such as the closed state. In another form, the collapsible tube can be biased towards the closed state, and further configured to assume the open state when acted upon by a flow of pressurised air, for example when the RPT device 4000 is turned on. In some forms, the collapsible tube can be biased towards the last state in which it assumed. That is, if the flow of pressurised gas forces the collapsible tube into the open state, it can remain that way until it is forced into the closed state.

[0465] The collapsible tube 5208 can be constructed in any of a number of suitable arrangements, one of which can be by over-molding the flexible portion 5210 onto the rigid portion 5212. In other arrangements, the flexible portion 5210 and the right side portion 5212 can be separately constructed and secured together such as by a snap fit or one-way permanent latch, or using other adhesives. In one form, the flexible portion 5210 of the collapsible tube 5208 can extend across the entire length of the collapsible tube 5208, in which case the flexible portion 5210 and the rigid portion 5212 can be joined at or around the periphery of the collapsible tube 5208. In another form, the flexible portion 5210 can only extend across a portion of the entire length of the collapsible tube 5208, such that the flexible portion 5210 and the rigid portion 5212 can be joined at or around the periphery of the collapsible tube 5208 and abut one another. Any number of other arrangements (e.g., geometry, construction, composition) of the collapsible tube can be suitable to achieve the same effects as those described in this disclosure.

[0466] In Figure 56 the example of the present technology shown in FIG. 16, the humidifier lid 5114 is shown as including an inlet tube 5124 and an outlet tube 5126. In this example, the inlet tube 5124 includes a rigid portion 5212 toward the top of the inlet tube 5124, and a flexible portion 5210 toward the bottom of the inlet tube 5124 (shaded portion in FIG. 16). Figure 56 As such, in one arrangement, the flexible portion 5210 can be biased toward an open configuration and fold only when pressure from a volume of water (e.g., from inside the reservoir 5110) acts on the outside of the flexible portion 5210. In another arrangement, the flexible portion 5210 can be biased toward a closed configuration and open only when a flow of pressurized air is delivered from the reservoir inlet 5118 into the reservoir 5110.

[0467] The use of a collapsible tube can be advantageous in that the volume of the collapsible tube can effectively increase the interior of the reservoir, thereby reducing the depth of the volume of water in the reservoir. This can have two results, one of which reduces the likelihood of the volume of water in the reservoir opening the inlet tube and / or outlet tube, and the other of which allows the reservoir to be sized smaller than otherwise possible. Another advantage of a collapsible tube can be that it can act as a one-way valve by closing when water reaches it and / or opening when a flow of pressurized air reaches it.

[0468] 5.5.2.2.12 Retention clip

[0469] The reservoir cap 5114 can include the feature by which the reservoir 5110 is held in the reservoir dock 5130 once the two components are engaged with one another. In one arrangement, as shown in Figures 32 to 33 FIG. 26, the retention feature can be a protrusion or clip 5142 on the reservoir cap 5114. Figures 32 to 33 The reservoir 5110 is shown with the reservoir dock 5130. Here, when the reservoir 5110 is inserted into the reservoir dock 5130, the protrusion, or clip 5142 on the reservoir cap 5114 removably engages with the corresponding dock lock recess 5144 in the reservoir dock 5130. This connection fixes the reservoir 5110 relative to the reservoir dock 5130.

[0470] As described above, the compliant portion 5116 of the reservoir is compressed to enable the reservoir to be inserted into the dock 5130. The compression of the compliant portion 5116 allows a portion of the reservoir 5110 to slide into the dock 5130 and allows the protrusion (or clip) 5142 to initially slide under the outer edge surface of the dock 5130 to reach the dock lock recess 5144. The compression force applied to the reservoir to enable insertion can then be released to allow the protrusion (or clip) 5142 to engage with the dock lock recess 5144 and the reservoir 5110 to be fixed within the dock 5130. When the reservoir 5110 is fixed within the dock 5130, the compliant portion 5116 is no longer, or is at a reduced, state of compression. Similarly, to enable the reservoir 5110 to be removed from the water reservoir dock 5130, the compliant portion 5116 must be compressed to disengage the cap protrusion 5142 from the dock lock recess 5144.

[0471] The cap protrusion 5142 can be further configured to have a taper as shown in Figure 33 FIG. 27. This taper can be directed to increase in height away from the direction of insertion to gradually increase the amount of interference between the protrusion 5142 and the dock 5130 during insertion. It can be apparent to those skilled in the art that in alternative arrangements, the cap protrusion 5142 can be a recess and the dock lock recess 5144 can be a corresponding protrusion. Alternatively, one of any number of retention features known in the art can be used to achieve the same result as described above.

[0472] 5.5.2.3 Heating Plate 5120

[0473] The heating plate 5120 is used to transfer heat to the reservoir 5110. As Figure 14As shown, the heating plate 5120 may form part of the reservoir docking member 5130 and may be positioned on or near the base of the humidifier 5000. The heating plate 5120 may be formed, for example, from a nickel-chromium alloy, stainless steel, or anodized aluminum. The heating plate 5120 may include a heating element 5240, such as a layered heating element as described in PCT patent application publication number WO2012 / 171072, the entire document of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0474] 5.5.2.4 Humidifier end cap 5300

[0475] In such Figure 59 In one example of the present technology shown, the humidifier 5000 may include a humidifier end cap 5300 configured to direct airflow from the RPT device 4000 to the humidifier outlet 5172. In some arrangements, when humidification is not required and the humidifier 5000 is integrated with the RPT device 4000, the humidifier 5000 may include an end cap replacing the humidifier reservoir 5000. Figure 59 As shown, the humidifier end cap 5300 can be configured to be accommodated in the water reservoir docking part 5130 and interchangeable with the water reservoir 5110.

[0476] In one form, such as Figure 59 and Figure 60 As shown, the humidifier end cap 5300 may include an end cap inlet 5310 for receiving airflow (e.g., from dock outlet 5168); an end cap outlet 5320 for conveying airflow (e.g., to dock air inlet 5170); and an end cap latch 5330 for locking the end cap 5300 to the water reservoir dock 5130 and / or releasing the end cap 5300 from the water reservoir dock 5130.

[0477] End cap 5300 may include identification elements to allow a controller, such as a central controller 4230 or a humidifier controller 5250, to detect its presence (or absence) for example in the storage dock 5130. Storage dock 5130 may include complementary detection elements to detect the presence (or absence) of end cap 5300. In one form, detection of presence or absence by the humidifier controller 5250 may cause the controller to perform another of the following: turn heating plate 5120 on / off; adjust the power output of heating plate 5120; turn hot air circuit 4171 on / off; adjust the power output of hot air circuit 4171; adjust the pressure drop estimation between pressure generator 4140 and patient interface 3000; make user interface elements incapable / capable of being associated with the operation of humidifier 5000, or make data logging / data reporting incapable / capable of being associated with the operation of humidifier 5000. In one form, such asFigure 59 and Figure 60 As shown in FIGS. 50-51, the humidifier end cap 5300 can include an identification element (shown in the form of a magnet 5340) disposed on the end cap 5300, such as in the end cap magnet holder 5345. The identification element can be used by the controller to detect the humidifier end cap 5300 via a detection element, for example the detection element can include a Hall effect sensor (not shown) positioned in or near the reservoir dock 5130, such as on a printed circuit board (PCB) in the RPT device 4000.

[0478] One advantage of the end cap 5300 including an identification element can allow for reduced power consumption or custom operation of the humidifier 5000 in which the end cap 5300 is used. Another advantage of the default on and off of the heater plate by engagement of the end cap 5300 is that in a single step of installing the end cap, the heater plate 5120 is de-actuated and access to the heater plate is prevented.

[0479] Further still, where a manufacturer can manufacture more systems including the humidifier 5000 with the reservoir 5110 than systems including the end cap 5300, it can be advantageous for the manufacturer (e.g. cost) to arrange the identification element on the end cap 5300 as the identification element can incur additional cost (or time) of whichever component it can be coupled to (i.e. the reservoir 5110 or the end cap 5300).

[0480] 5.5.3 Humidifier electrical and thermal components 5200

[0481] The humidifier 5000 can include a number of electrical and / or thermal components, such as those listed below.

[0482] 5.5.3.1 Sensors 5270

[0483] The humidifier 5000 can include one or more sensors 5270, such as an air pressure sensor, an air flow sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or a relative humidity sensor. The sensors can generate an output signal indicative of the property they measure, and the output signal can be conveyed to a controller, such as the central controller 4230 and / or the humidifier controller 5250. In some forms, the sensors can be positioned external to the humidifier 5000 (such as in the air circuit 4170 or in an external module), while conveying the output signal to the controller.

[0484] 5.5.3.1.1 Flow sensor

[0485] In addition to or in place of the flow sensor 4274 disposed in the RPT device 4000, a flow sensor can be disposed to the humidifier 5000.

[0486] 5.5.3.1.2 Temperature Sensor

[0487] The humidifier 5000 can include a temperature sensor that can be configured to measure the temperature of the heating element 5240 and / or the temperature of the air flow in the reservoir 5110. In some forms, the humidifier 5000 can also include a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the ambient environment.

[0488] 5.5.3.1.3 Humidity Sensor

[0489] In one form, the humidifier 5000 can include a humidity sensor for detecting the relative humidity of the ambient environment. The humidity sensor can be an absolute humidity sensor or a relative humidity sensor. When a relative humidity sensor is used, the absolute humidity value can be determined based on the measured values of the relative humidity and temperature of the air flow.

[0490] 5.5.3.2 Heating Element 5240

[0491] The heating element 5240 can be a heat generating component such as an electrically resistive heating track. One suitable example of a heating element 5240 is a layered heating element such as one described in PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2012 / 171072, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0492] 5.5.3.3 Warm Air Circuit 4171

[0493] In addition to, or in place of, the air circuit 4170, a warm air circuit 4171 can be used. The temperature of the air flow output from the humidifier 5000 can be higher than the ambient temperature. As such, heat loss can occur from the air flow to the ambient air, thereby increasing the relative humidity of the humidified air flow. In some cases, condensation can occur where the relative humidity increases to or near 100% RH.

[0494] In one form, the humidifier 5000 can include or be connected to a warm air circuit 4171. The use of the warm air circuit 4171 can prevent or reduce condensation of water from the air flow as it travels from the humidifier 5000 to the patient interface 3000. For example, the warm air circuit 4171 can provide heat to the air flow to compensate for heat loss to the ambient air.

[0495] The warm air circuit 4171 can include one or more sensors such as temperature sensors and / or humidity sensors. The temperature sensors and / or humidity sensors can be used to assist in determining the temperature and / or humidity (absolute and / or relative) in the warm air circuit 4171, for example at the outlet thereof. In some cases, the warm air circuit 4171 can include a heating element 5240 such as a heating coil configured to provide heat input to the warm air circuit 4171.

[0496] 5.5.3.4 Humidifier controller 5250

[0497] According to one arrangement of the present technology, a humidifier can include a humidifier controller 5250 as shown in Figure 5b In one form, the humidity controller 5250 can be part of the central controller 4230. In another form, the humidifier controller 5250 can be a separate controller, which can communicate with the central controller 4230.

[0498] In one form, the humidifier controller 5250 can receive (e.g., from sensors 5270) as input measurements of characteristics of the air flow, water in the reservoir 5110 and / or the humidifier 5000, such as temperature, humidity, pressure and / or flow rate. The humidity controller 5250 can also be configured to execute or implement a humidifier algorithm and / or transmit one or more output signals.

[0499] As shown in Figure 5b The humidifier controller can include a plurality of controllers, such as a central humidifier controller 5251, a heated air circuit controller 5254 configured to control the temperature of the heated air circuit 4171 and / or a heating element controller 5252 configured to control the temperature of the heated plate. The heated air circuit controller 5254 can receive input from one or more sensors to control operation of the heated air circuit 4171. As an example, the heated air circuit controller 5254 can receive the temperature and relative humidity of the flow of humidified air from the sensors 5270 to adjust the heat output through the heated air circuit 4171.

[0500] 5.6 Glossary

[0501] For the purposes of the present technology disclosure, in some forms of the present technology one or more of the following definitions can apply. In other forms of the present technology, alternative definitions can apply.

[0502] 5.6.1 Overview

[0503] Air: Air includes breathable gas, for example atmospheric air with supplemental oxygen.

[0504] Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): CPAP therapy denotes the application of a supply of air at a pressure that is continuously positive with respect to atmosphere into the airways.

[0505] 5.6.2 Aspects of an RPT device

[0506] Air circuit: a conduit or tube constructed and arranged in use to convey a supply of air between an upstream component (such as an RPT device) and a downstream component (such as a patient interface). In particular, the air circuit can be in fluid connection with the outlet of the pneumatic block and the patient interface. The air circuit can be referred to as an air delivery tube. In some cases, there can be separate limbs for inhalation and exhalation circuits. In other cases, a single limb is used.

[0507] 5.6.3 Humidifier

[0508] Water reservoir: A water reservoir (also commonly referred to as a water bucket, humidifier bucket, or humidifier reservoir) is a chamber constructed to contain a volume of liquid (e.g. water) for humidifying a flow of air.

[0509] 5.6.4 Materials

[0510] Silicone or silicone elastomer: A synthetic rubber. In this specification, references to silicone are references to liquid silicone rubber (LSR) or compression moulded silicone rubber (CMSR). One form of commercially available LSR is SILASTIC manufactured by Dow Corning (including a range of products sold under this trademark). Another manufacturer of LSR is Wacker. Unless otherwise specified to the contrary, the preferred form of LSR has a Shore A (or Type A) indentation hardness in the range from about 35 to about 45 as measured using ASTM D2240.

[0511] Polycarbonate: A generally transparent thermoplastic polymer of bisphenol A carbonate.

[0512] 5.7 Other Notes

[0513] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

[0514] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, it is to be understood that the mere fact that a range is divided into a series of values and that a dependent claim refers to one of the values does not indicate that the dependent claim is directed to the one value to the exclusion of the other values in the series. To the extent that a range of values includes a lower limit, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the range is to be construed to include each whole unit between the lower limit and the upper limit. To the extent that a range of values includes an upper limit, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the range is to be construed to include each whole unit between the lower limit and the upper limit. To the extent that a range of values includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the technology.

[0515] Further, where values are expressed herein as being taken as implemented as part of the present technology, it is to be understood that the values can be approximate, unless otherwise indicated, and that the values can be used to any suitable number of significant figures as the particular technology application allows or requires.

[0516] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this technology belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present technology, a limited number of the exemplary methods and materials are described herein.

[0517] Where specific materials are indicated as preferred for the construction of components, obvious alternatives having similar properties can be used as substitutes. Moreover, unless otherwise stated, any and all permutations of the described arrangements are encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0518] It must be noted that, as used herein and in the claims, the singular form "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0519] All publications described herein are incorporated by reference herein, and the disclosure describes methods and / or materials in connection with which the subject matter can be practiced. The publications described herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present technology is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior application. Further, the dates of publication provided can be different in any citations in the application as filed due to the filing dates of the application.

[0520] Further, in interpreting this disclosure, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible way consistent with the context. In particular, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps can be present or utilized with or in conjunction with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.

[0521] Subject matter headings are included in the detailed description only for the convenience of the reader and are not to be used to limit the subject matter described in the claims. Subject matter headings are not to be used to construe the scope of the claims or the claims' limitations.

[0522] While the technology herein is described with reference to particular examples, it is to be understood that these examples are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the technology. In some instances, terms and notation can be used that connotate specific details that are not required in implementing the technology. For example, while the terms "first" and "second" can be used, they are not intended to connote any order other than that of distinguishing between different elements, unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, while process steps within methodologies can be described or claimed in a particular order, this order is not necessarily required unless otherwise indicated. One skilled in the art will recognize that the order of steps can be modified and / or two or more steps can be performed concurrently or even synchronously.

[0523] Thus, it is to be understood that numerous modifications can be made to the illustrative examples and that other arrangements can be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology.

[0524] While the present application has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the disclosed examples, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements. In addition, the numerous examples described above can be implemented in conjunction with other examples, e.g., aspects of one example can be combined with aspects of another example to create another example. Further, each individual feature or component of any given example can constitute another example.

[0525] 5.8 Other technical examples

[0526] Example 1, an apparatus for humidifying an air stream, comprising:

[0527] a heating plate;

[0528] a chamber in fluid communication with the air stream; and

[0529] a reservoir comprising a conductive portion in thermal engagement with the heating plate,

[0530] the apparatus is configured such that varying a first pressure of the air stream in the chamber varies a level of thermal engagement between the conductive portion and the heating plate.

[0531] Example 2, the apparatus as described in example 1, wherein the reservoir further comprises an inlet and an outlet.

[0532] Example 3, the apparatus as described in example 2, wherein the thermal engagement is in a first direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the conductive portion.

[0533] Example 4, the apparatus as described in any one of examples 1 -3, further configured to vary a magnitude of a force between the conductive portion and the heating plate in the first direction when the first pressure is varied.

[0534] Example 5, the apparatus as described in any of Examples 1-4, wherein the chamber is part of a reservoir.

[0535] Example 6, the apparatus as described in any of Examples 1-5, wherein the chamber further comprises a compliant portion.

[0536] Example 7, the apparatus as described in any of Examples 1-6, wherein the apparatus further comprises a dock configured to receive the reservoir, and the dock comprises a heating plate.

[0537] Example 8, the apparatus as described in Example 7, wherein the dock further comprises a cavity having a top portion and a bottom portion, the bottom portion having a heating plate positioned thereon, the cavity configured to hold at least a portion of the reservoir therein.

[0538] Example 9, the apparatus as described in Example 8, wherein the compliant portion is compressed to enable insertion of the reservoir into the cavity of the dock.

[0539] Example 10, the apparatus as described in any of Examples 8 or 9, wherein the top portion of the cavity is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration to facilitate insertion of the reservoir into the cavity.

[0540] Example 11, the apparatus as described in any of Examples 6-10, wherein the compliant portion is configured to adjust in size when a first pressure changes to change a level of thermal engagement between the heating plate and the conductive portion.

[0541] Example 12, the apparatus according to any of Examples 1-11, wherein the reservoir further comprises a base and a lid, the base configured to hold a volume of liquid and comprising the conductive portion.

[0542] Example 13, the apparatus as described in Example 12, wherein the base and the lid are pivotably coupled together.

[0543] Example 14, the apparatus according to any of Examples 12-13, wherein the compliant portion forms a seal between the base and the lid.

[0544] Example 15, the apparatus according to any of Examples 12-14, wherein the reservoir further comprises a latch to secure the base and the lid together.

[0545] Example 16, the apparatus according to any of Examples 7-15, wherein the reservoir further comprises at least one handle to facilitate coupling of the reservoir to the dock.

[0546] Example 17, the apparatus according to any of Examples 8-16, wherein the reservoir further comprises a retention clip adapted to engage with a recess on the dock to retain the reservoir in the cavity of the dock.

[0547] Example 18, the device of any one of Examples 7-17, wherein the reservoir is configured to prevent refilling of the reservoir when the reservoir is coupled to the dock.

[0548] Example 19, the device of Example 18, wherein at least a portion of the reservoir is prevented from opening when the reservoir is coupled to the dock.

[0549] Example 20, the device of any one of Examples 18 or 19, wherein the reservoir includes a refill cap.

[0550] Example 21, the device of any one of Examples 1-20, further comprising an overflow protection element configured to prevent the reservoir from being filled above a predetermined maximum capacity of water.

[0551] Example 22, the device of Example 21, wherein the overflow protection element includes at least one hole formed in a wall of the reservoir, the at least one hole defining an egress path for water when the predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0552] Example 23, the device of Example 21, wherein the overflow protection element includes a sloped profile in a lateral profile of a wall of the reservoir, the sloped profile defining an egress path for water when the predetermined maximum capacity of water is exceeded.

[0553] Example 24, a method for varying thermal contact between a heating plate and a reservoir in a humidification system to humidify an air flow, the method comprising:

[0554] varying a pressure of the air flow in the reservoir in fluid communication with the air flow to vary a force between the heating plate and the reservoir.

[0555] Example 25, a device for humidifying an air flow, comprising:

[0556] a heating plate; and

[0557] a reservoir, the reservoir comprising:

[0558] an inlet for receiving the air flow;

[0559] an outlet; and

[0560] a conductor portion in thermal contact with the heating plate,

[0561] and wherein the device is configured such that varying a pressure of the air flow in the reservoir varies a force between the heating plate and the conductor portion in a direction of the thermal contact.

[0562] Example 26, the device as described in Example 25, further comprising a dock connectable with the reservoir.

[0563] Example 27, the apparatus as described in Example 26, wherein the mating member is configured to restrict the opening of the reservoir in the direction of thermal contact.

[0564] Example 28: A reservoir configured to contain a volume of liquid for humidifying and pressurizing an airflow, comprising:

[0565] The base portion, which includes the conductive portion;

[0566] The lid section includes an inlet and an outlet; and

[0567] The part that conforms;

[0568] The base portion and the cover portion are pivotally joined, and when configured to be pivotally joined, they are in an open configuration and a closed configuration, and when the reservoir is in a closed configuration, a seal seals the base portion and the cover portion.

[0569] Example 29, a storage device as described in Example 28, wherein the compliant portion includes an outlet pipe and a partition configured to connect to an inlet pipe.

[0570] Example 30: A device for humidifying airflow, comprising:

[0571] Heating plate; and

[0572] The storage device includes:

[0573] Entrance

[0574] exit;

[0575] The part of compliance; and

[0576] The conductor portion that is in thermal contact with the heating plate

[0577] The device is designed to change the thermal bonding level between the conductive part and the heating plate by changing the height of the compliant part.

[0578] Example 31, a device as described in Example 30, wherein the device is configured such that thermal bonding occurs in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the conductive portion.

[0579] Example 32: A method for changing the thermal bonding grade in a humidification device, the method comprising:

[0580] (i) thermally bonding the heating plate to the conductive portion of the reservoir; and

[0581] (ii) Change the height of the compliant portion of the reservoir to change the level of thermal bonding between the conductive portion and the heating plate.

[0582] Example 33. A water reservoir for a humidification device, the reservoir comprising:

[0583] a plurality of walls forming a cavity to hold a predetermined maximum volume of water;

[0584] an inlet tube for receiving an air supply into the reservoir, the inlet tube comprising an inner end and an outer end;

[0585] and

[0586] an outlet tube for delivering the air supply from the reservoir, the outlet tube comprising an inner end and an outer end;

[0587] wherein the inlet tube and the outlet tube are configured such that at least one of the inner end or the outer end of the inlet tube and at least one of the inner end or the outer end of the outlet tube are above the predetermined maximum volume of water, regardless of the orientation of the reservoir, when the reservoir contains the predetermined maximum volume of water.

[0588] Example 34. A water reservoir for a humidification device, the reservoir comprising:

[0589] an inlet tube for receiving an air supply into the reservoir;

[0590] an outlet tube for delivering the air supply from the reservoir;

[0591] wherein at least one of the inlet tube or the outlet tube is capable of assuming at least two configurations.

[0592] Example 35. The reservoir as described in Example 34, wherein the at least two configurations comprise an open configuration and a closed configuration.

[0593] Example 36. The reservoir as described in Example 35, wherein at least one of the inlet tube or the outlet tube is foldable to form the closed configuration.

[0594] 5.9. List of reference signs

[0595] Sign Feature

[0596] 1000 Patient

[0597] 3000 Patient interface

[0598] 3100 Seal-forming structure

[0599] 3200 Plenum chamber

[0600] 3300 Stabilising structure

[0601] 3600 Connection port

[0602] 4000 RPT device

[0603] 4010 outer housing

[0604] 4020 pneumatic block

[0605] 4100 pneumatic components

[0606] 4110 air filter

[0607] 4112 inlet air filter

[0608] 4114 outlet air filter

[0609] 4120 muffler

[0610] 4122 inlet muffler

[0611] 4124 outlet muffler

[0612] 4140 pressure generator

[0613] 4142 blower

[0614] 4144 motor

[0615] 4160 anti-backflow valve

[0616] 4170 air circuit

[0617] 4171 hot air circuit

[0618] 4180 supplemental oxygen

[0619] 4200 electrical components

[0620] 4230 central controller

[0621] 4240 therapy device controller

[0622] 4270 transducer

[0623] 4274 flow sensor

[0624] 4300 algorithm

[0625] 5000 humidifier

[0626] 5100 humidifier mechanical components

[0627] 5110 reservoir

[0628] 5112 reservoir base

[0629] 5114 reservoir lid

[0630] 5116 compliant portion

[0631] 5117 carrier

[0632] 5118 reservoir inlet

[0633] 5120 heating plate

[0634] 5122 reservoir outlet

[0635] 5124 inlet tube

[0636] 5125 inner end of inlet tube

[0637] 5126 outlet tube

[0638] 5127 inner end of outlet tube

[0639] 5128 inner end wall

[0640] 5130 water reservoir dock

[0641] 5132 first dock seal

[0642] 5134 second dock seal

[0643] 5136 rotating vane

[0644] 5138 aperture

[0645] 5139 inclined profile

[0646] 5140 water fill indicator mark

[0647] 5140_a water fill indicator mark

[0648] 5140_b water fill indicator mark

[0649] 5141_1 water level at predetermined maximum capacity of water

[0650] 5141_2 water level at threshold volume of water

[0651] 5142 retention tab

[0652] 5144 dock lock recess

[0653] 5146 base upper body

[0654] 5148 base floor

[0655] 5150 sealing element

[0656] 5152 conductive plate

[0657] 5154 handle recess

[0658] 5156 handle recess

[0659] 5158 hinge

[0660] 5159 hinge recess

[0661] 5160 dock cavity

[0662] 5166 handle grip

[0663] 5168 dock air outlet

[0664] 5170 dock air inlet

[0665] 5172 humidifier outlet

[0666] 5174 base

[0667] 5176 top

[0668] 5178 compliant portion

[0669] 5180 lid

[0670] 5182 water

[0671] 5184 water level

[0672] 5186 reservoir latch

[0673] 5192 baffle

[0674] 5194 support spoke

[0675] 5195 flow director

[0676] 5196 positioning portion

[0677] 5197 seal

[0678] 5198 deflector portion

[0679] 5200 hot component

[0680] 5202 intermediate portion

[0681] 5206 wall portion

[0682] 5208 collapsible tube

[0683] 5210 flexible portion

[0684] 5212 rigid portion

[0685] 5220 rotation guide

[0686] 5222 rotation stop

[0687] 5224 inner lip

[0688] 5226 outer lip

[0689] 5240 heating element

[0690] 5250 humidifier controller

[0691] 5251 central humidifier controller

[0692] 5252 heating element controller

[0693] 5254 hot air loop controller

[0694] 5270 sensor

[0695] 5300 humidifier end cap

[0696] 5310 end cap inlet

[0697] 5320 end cap outlet

[0698] 5330 end cap latch

[0699] 5340 magnet

[0700] 5345 end cap magnet retainer

Claims

1. A positive airway pressure (PAP) device for pressurizing and humidifying breathable air to treat a respiratory disorder of a patient, wherein, The positive airway pressure device has a humidifier integrated therein, the positive airway pressure device comprising: a blower configured to pressurize the breathable air; a water reservoir configured to hold a volume of water to be used for humidification of the breathable air, the water reservoir comprising a water reservoir base, a water reservoir lid pivotably connected to the water reservoir base, and a variable portion, the variable portion being composed of an elastomeric material and configured to seal between the water reservoir base and the water reservoir lid when the water reservoir lid is in a closed position on the water reservoir base, and the water reservoir lid comprising a first opening and a second opening; and a water reservoir dock forming a cavity configured to at least partially house the water reservoir, the water reservoir dock and the water reservoir being shaped and dimensioned such that when the water reservoir is housed in the water reservoir dock, a portion of the water reservoir is exposed, wherein the water reservoir dock comprises a recess and the water reservoir lid comprises a protrusion configured to be secured within the recess of the water reservoir dock, the protrusion and the recess being configured to releasably inter-engage to secure the water reservoir to the water reservoir dock when the water reservoir is housed in and removed from the water reservoir dock due to elastic compression of the variable portion.

2. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, the water reservoir is configured such that, when the water reservoir is housed in the water reservoir dock, the variable portion urges the water reservoir lid towards a corresponding portion of the water reservoir dock to maintain engagement between the protrusion and the recess and secure the water reservoir in the water reservoir dock.

3. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, the water reservoir is configured such that pressing the water reservoir lid towards the water reservoir base compresses the variable portion, disengages the protrusion from the recess, and allows the water reservoir to be removed from the water reservoir dock.

4. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, the portion of the water reservoir housed in the cavity of the water reservoir dock has a complementary shape to the portion of the water reservoir dock that houses the water reservoir.

5. The positive airway pressure device of claim 4, wherein, the height of the portion of the water reservoir housed in the cavity of the water reservoir dock is less than the height of the portion of the water reservoir dock that houses the water reservoir when the variable portion is compressed to enable insertion of the water reservoir into the cavity and engagement of the protrusion and the recess, or to disengage the protrusion and the recess to enable removal of the water reservoir from the water reservoir dock.

6. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, the variable portion is compressible to allow relative movement between the water reservoir and the water reservoir dock.

7. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, the protrusion is tapered to increase in height in a direction opposite to the direction of insertion of the water reservoir into the water reservoir dock.

8. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, further comprising a spring biased heater plate forming an inner surface of the water reservoir dock, wherein The reservoir base includes a conductor plate composed of a thermally conductive material such that when the reservoir is received in the reservoir dock, the conductor plate is in thermal engagement with the heater plate to allow heat transfer from the heater plate to the conductor plate during operation of the heater plate.

9. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, The reservoir also includes a latch for securing the reservoir base and the reservoir cap together.

10. The positive airway pressure device of claim 9, wherein, The variable portion is compressed between the reservoir base and the reservoir cap when the reservoir base and the reservoir cap are secured together by the latch.

11. The positive airway pressure device of claim 9, wherein, The reservoir cap is pivotably connected to the reservoir base by a hinge, the hinge is positioned on an insertion end of the reservoir, and the latch is positioned on an opposite side of the reservoir, on a portion of the reservoir that is positioned outside of the cavity.

12. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, The reservoir cap includes ribs to form a gripping surface.

13. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, The variable portion is engaged with the reservoir cap by a friction fit.

14. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, The reservoir dock is configured to receive the reservoir by sliding the reservoir horizontally into the cavity.

15. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, The first opening is a reservoir inlet and the second opening is a reservoir outlet.

16. The positive airway pressure device of claim 1, wherein, An exposed portion of the reservoir is positioned outside of the cavity when the reservoir is received in the reservoir dock.

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