A breathing machine pipeline temperature and humidity monitoring control device and system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of breathing machine pipeline temperature and humidity monitoring control device and system, system at least includes: temperature and humidity detection unit and display unit, in the case where temperature and humidity detection unit sends its collected temperature and humidity change, control module in display unit with the control information of temperature and humidity change as driving event to dynamically change the regulation and control mode of temperature and humidity to respond to the change of respiratory gas, wherein control module changes the regulation and control mode of temperature and humidity based on the first state and second state of respiratory gas.The present application can be adapted to the respiratory gas in different states by changing at least humidity and dynamically changing the way of corresponding temperature for the breathing tube of breathing machine, so that its temperature, humidification satisfaction is kept in proper range, and by the change of corresponding changed single or multiple parameters, the property of respiratory gas is corrected or processed, to prevent the occurrence of breathing machine-related pneumonia.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of breathing machine technology, and particularly relates to a breathing machine pipeline temperature and humidity monitoring control device and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The breathing machine in the prior art is for the purpose of artificial ventilation, and is aimed at breathing care or assisting patients to breathe. The breathing machine is attached with a humidifier in the breathing machine pipeline. Generally, when a patient breathes, the inhaled air is heated and humidified by the mucosa surface of the mouth and nose, and has appropriate temperature and humidity when reaching the patient's alveoli. However, in the case that the patient needs to be artificially ventilated, for example, during the artificial ventilation process, if the breathing machine does not heat and humidify the inhaled gas of the patient, but directly enters the patient's alveoli and other tissues, there is a great possibility to cause the failure of artificial ventilation, which brings risks to the patient. In order to avoid this situation, a heating and humidifying device is often additionally provided during the artificial ventilation process, which is used to heat and humidify the inlet gas in the breathing machine. The prior art often uses devices such as a heating and humidifying device, a humidification bottle, a jet atomizer, an ultrasonic atomizer, a breathing machine humidifier (MR810 type humidifier, MR850 type humidifier) and the like. However, although heating and humidifying the inhaled gas is very important in the process that the patient uses the breathing machine, in actual medical care, only the current temperature and humidity of the gas in the heating and humidifying device can be ensured, and the inhaled gas of the patient is not detected. Since the gas is greatly affected by the external environment, the change of the temperature and humidity in the heating and humidifying device may not bring beneficial effects to the patient. For example, when the external environment is in a hot and dry environment, the gas after the heating and humidifying device will make the patient feel uncomfortable, especially in the case that the artificial airway humidity is insufficient, the airway will form a sputum scab, causing airway obstruction, and also causing lung infection and other adverse consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to design a device and system capable of adjusting the absolute temperature and humidity of the gas.

[0003] Chinese patent CN106178220B discloses a ventilator anti-condensation control system, which comprises a ventilator humidifier, a near-end temperature and humidity collection device for collecting temperature and humidity values in the ventilator pipeline at the patient end, a far-end temperature and humidity collection device for collecting temperature and humidity values at the gas outlet of the ventilator humidifier, a heating device and an anti-condensation controller. In this way, by collecting the temperature and humidity values in the ventilator pipeline at the patient end and at the gas outlet of the ventilator humidifier, and adjusting the humidification power of the ventilator humidifier and / or the output power of the heating device according to the collected temperature and humidity values, the relative humidity of the gas in the ventilator pipeline is controlled to be always lower than 100% RH, i.e. the water content in the gas is not saturated, so that the requirements of the ventilator humidification capacity can be met, and water vapor condensation can be effectively avoided. The patent also proposes a ventilator anti-condensation control method. The defects of this patent are that the temperature and humidity in the breathing pipeline are not in a state of being high or low at the same time, and only adjusting the humidification power of the ventilator humidifier and / or the output power of the heating device can change the relative humidity of the gas in the ventilator pipeline, without considering the impact of changing the temperature on the patient. The change of the humidification power of the ventilator humidifier will also change the temperature, and changing the output power of the heating wire cannot effectively and quickly reduce the temperature. This cooling process only relies on natural heat dissipation, which takes a lot of time to reach the required temperature and humidity, and can cause serious consequences to the patient, even failure of artificial ventilation. In addition, this control method does not consider the comparative influence of external factors, for example, when the external temperature is too high, there is still a possibility of condensation under the preset threshold, which cannot completely eliminate the risk of pipeline blockage, and the control means is single, which changes the power when the humidity is high or low, and the control method is rough.

[0004] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in the understanding of those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventors have studied a large number of literatures and patents when making the invention, but due to the limited space, all the details and contents are not listed in detail, which does not mean that the invention does not have these characteristics of the prior art, on the contrary, the invention has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art in the background art. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical scheme of the present application provides a breathing machine pipeline temperature and humidity monitoring and control system, which at least comprises: a temperature and humidity detection unit for detecting temperature and humidity changes in the breathing pipeline; a display unit for displaying temperature and absolute humidity obtained based on the temperature and humidity changes; in the case that the temperature and humidity detection unit sends the temperature and humidity changes collected thereby, a control module in the display unit dynamically changes the regulation and control mode of the temperature and humidity based on the control information of the temperature and humidity changes to cope with changes in the breathing gas, wherein the control module changes the regulation and control mode of the temperature and humidity based on the first state and the second state of the breathing gas.

[0006] According to a preferred embodiment, the control module determines, based on the temperature and humidity information sent by the temperature and humidity detection unit, that the breathing gas is in the first state and generates first control information related to the temperature and second control information related to the humidity when the breathing gas is in the second state, and regulates the first control information related to the first state based on the second control information generated based on the second state. The present application considers how to quickly and stably maintain the temperature and humidification satisfaction degree in the breathing tube within an appropriate range, which is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The present application can adaptively cope with breathing gas in different states by changing at least the humidity and dynamically changing the corresponding temperature in the breathing pipeline of the breathing machine, so as to maintain the temperature and humidification satisfaction degree within an appropriate range, and correct or process the properties of the breathing gas according to the changes of the changed single or multiple parameters, so as to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment, the control module can adaptively regulate according to the time when the temperature and / or humidity changes by a preset change value, which is characterized by the change value of the temperature and / or humidity. When the heating element is heating, due to the rise of temperature and the relative closed state of the breathing gas, the absolute humidity remains unchanged, the saturated humidity becomes larger, so that the relative humidity of the environment in the breathing tube becomes smaller, the breathing gas carries more moisture, and the humidity becomes larger. Therefore, the degree of heating and humidification by the heating element and the ventilator needs to be dynamically regulated to keep the temperature and humidification satisfaction within an appropriate range. The above setting allows the temperature and humidity to be regulated according to the corresponding preset change value. The purpose of this design is to clearly reflect the change rule of the breathing gas parameters and prevent the influence of uncontrollable factors.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment, the preset change value of the temperature and humidity is set in a manner that it becomes smaller as the change amount becomes larger, and has a regulation level so that the temperature and humidity can be synchronized. In the case of artificial ventilation of the patient, the parameters with higher regulation level, i.e. the parameters with larger change amount, are preferably processed. The above setting indicates that the temperature and humidity are continuously changing and their overall change amount is constantly changing. At this time, by changing the preset change value, the accuracy of the parameter regulation can be improved.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature and humidity detection unit is arranged near the breathing tube on the side close to the patient and connected to the display unit near the ventilator. The control module obtains the increased saturated water vapor content in the breathing tube by calculating the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity detection unit, and obtains the relative humidity for evaluating the absolute humidity and temperature. The control module takes the absolute humidity and temperature as the return value, and visually displays the absolute saturated amount of water vapor and the alarm level on the display unit, and provides flashing reminder on the display unit. In artificial ventilation, the artificial ventilation state in the breathing tube is displayed, the absolute humidity is calculated by detecting the relative humidity and temperature of the breathing tube, the temperature and humidity display device is used to determine the temperature and humidity warning condition in the artificial ventilation process, and high-precision and high-efficiency temperature and humidity situation early warning is realized.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, when the display unit shows the obtained return value, the horizontal axis coordinate of the display unit represents the temperature in the breathing tube, and the vertical axis coordinate represents the absolute humidity value. The display unit visually identifies the warning level by a pre-set displayed horizontal line. The coordinates are compared with the warning level to determine whether the ventilation is normal. When it is below the warning level, flashing is provided on the display unit, and the warning from the heating and humidifying device in the breathing tube and the alarm buzzer is adjusted by correction, so that stable artificial ventilation can be performed.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, at least the temperature and humidity regulation is enabled by a humidity management unit between the patient and the ventilator while the display unit displays the current state of absolute humidity in the breathing circuit, the humidity management unit comprising a first breathing circuit configured to receive a flow of breathing gas having a first humidity level and a second breathing circuit adjacent to at least a portion of the first breathing circuit, the second breathing circuit configured to receive a flow of dry gas having a second humidity level lower than the first humidity level.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the heating elements extends in length from an air intake side of the breathing circuit to a patient side of the breathing circuit, the at least one heating element configured to provide heat to the flow of gas such that the breathing gas at the patient side is heated to a higher temperature than the gas at the air intake side, wherein the heating element has a variable heat profile and is controlled by a ramp algorithm of the control module that controls the gradient of the temperature to quickly reach a stable operating point. The humidity of the breathing gas is controlled to remain relatively constant in the range of 10-11 g / m 3 and is stably heated at a pre-set heating power. The control module controls the temperature regulation of the heating element based at least in part on the parameters of the breathing gas such that the humidity of the breathing gas is later reduced to 8 g / m 3 and even to 6 g / m 3 . The control module can be configured to monitor the rate of flow of the breathing gas and automatically adjust the electrical power provided to the heating element during artificial ventilation. This process can adjust the amount of heated vapor added to the breathing gas in proportion so as to maintain a substantially constant target humidity level in the breathing gas during the breathing cycle and treatment.

[0013] The present application also relates to a breathing machine circuit temperature and humidity monitoring control device, comprising at least: a temperature and humidity detection unit for detecting temperature and humidity changes in the breathing circuit, a display unit for displaying the temperature and absolute humidity based on the temperature and humidity changes, characterized in that, when the temperature and humidity detection unit sends the temperature and humidity changes it collects, the control module in the display unit dynamically changes the temperature and humidity regulation mode to cope with changes in the breathing gas with the temperature and humidity change control information as a driving event, wherein the control module changes the temperature and humidity regulation mode based on the first state and the second state of the breathing gas.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the control module determines the first control information related to temperature when the respiratory gas is in the first state and the second control information related to humidity when the respiratory gas is in the second state based on the temperature and humidity information sent by the temperature and humidity detection unit, and regulates the first control information related to the first state based on the second control information generated in the second state.

[0015] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are:

[0016] The present application considers how to quickly and stably maintain the endotracheal temperature and humidification satisfaction in a proper range, which is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the temperature and humidity detection unit is added to the breathing tube and divided into two parts, which can be used separately and combined. When used separately, the temperature and humidity detection unit only detects temperature and humidity, which is small in size, simple to operate and highly practical. The present application can adapt to respiratory gases in different states by changing at least the humidity and dynamically changing the corresponding temperature, so that the temperature and humidity satisfaction is maintained in a proper range, and the properties of the respiratory gas are corrected or processed according to the changes of the single or multiple parameters after the changes, so as to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection mode of each unit of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the humidity management unit of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the display unit of the present application.

[0020] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0021] 1: breathing tube; 2: heating and humidifying device; 3: hollow tube; 4: temperature and humidity detection unit; 5: display unit; 6: humidity management unit; 601: first breathing tube; 602: second breathing tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The present application relates to a breathing machine pipe temperature and humidity monitoring and control device and system, specifically, the present application relates to a breathing machine pipe relative humidity and temperature detection, to calculate the absolute temperature and humidity ratio, so as to obtain the absolute temperature and humidity, and give a warning.

[0025] The breathing machine in the prior art is for the purpose of artificial ventilation, aiming at respiratory care or assisting the patient to breathe. The breathing machine is attached with a humidifier in the breathing machine pipeline. Generally, when the patient breathes, the inhaled air is heated and humidified by the mucosa surface of the mouth and nose, and has appropriate temperature and humidity when reaching the patient's alveoli. However, in the case that the patient needs to be artificially ventilated, for example, during the artificial ventilation process, if the breathing machine does not heat and humidify the inhaled gas of the patient, but directly enters the patient's alveoli and other tissues, there is a great possibility to cause the failure of artificial ventilation, which brings risks to the patient. In order to avoid this situation, a heating and humidifying device is often additionally provided during the artificial ventilation process, which is used to heat and humidify the inlet gas in the breathing machine. The prior art often uses devices such as a heating and humidifying device, a humidifying bottle, a spray atomizer, and an ultrasonic atomizer. However, although heating and humidifying the inhaled gas is very important in the process of the patient using the breathing machine, in actual medical care, only the current temperature and humidity of the gas in the heating and humidifying device can be ensured, and the inhaled gas of the patient is not detected. Since the gas is greatly affected by the external environment, the change of the temperature and humidity in the heating and humidifying device may not bring favorable effects to the patient. For example, when the external environment is hot and dry, the gas after the heating and humidifying device will make the patient feel uncomfortable, especially when sleeping at night, such gas will make the patient's sleep quality poor. Therefore, it is necessary to design a device and system capable of adjusting the absolute temperature and humidity of the gas. In addition, the installed heating and humidifying device only displays the temperature and humidity by the display, that is, the change of the temperature and humidity cannot be clearly and appropriately indicated in the breathing pipeline. The present application further considers the importance of heating and humidification and the case of only displaying humidity and temperature during the breathing process, and pre-warns the different temperature and humidity conditions by setting the temperature and humidity warning conditions in the breathing pipeline, for example.

[0026] The purpose of the present application is to improve the importance of heating and humidification, display the artificial ventilation state in the breathing pipeline during artificial ventilation, calculate the absolute humidity by detecting the relative humidity and temperature of the breathing pipeline, determine the temperature and humidity warning conditions in the artificial ventilation process by using the absolute saturated vapor content and the temperature and humidity display device, and realize high-precision and high-efficiency temperature and humidity condition pre-warning.

[0027] The present application at least comprises a temperature and humidity detection unit which is arranged near the breathing pipeline on the side close to the patient and connected with a temperature and humidity display unit near the breathing machine. The temperature and humidity detection unit comprises a humidity sensor for detecting the relative humidity and a temperature sensor for detecting the relative temperature. The preset saturated water vapor content in the breathing pipeline is obtained by calculation, the relative temperature and humidity for evaluating the absolute humidity and temperature are obtained, and the absolute humidity and temperature are taken as the return value. The absolute saturated amount of water vapor and the alarm level are visually displayed on the display unit 5 and are flickered to remind on the display unit 5.

[0028] The above calculation process is as follows: the absolute humidity is calculated by calculating the relative humidity and temperature in the artificial ventilation, and the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute saturated water vapor amount, and the absolute saturated water vapor amount is displayed on the display unit 5 in a certain proportion in the form of a chart and / or an alarm level, while the calculated absolute humidity value is displayed on the display unit 5 in a flashing manner, and the display unit 5 also takes into account the importance of the gas heating and humidification state warning in the breathing circuit.

[0029] The present application detects the relative humidity and temperature in the breathing circuit, thereby calculating the absolute temperature and humidity ratio. The display unit 5 is used to display the data and / or alarm level by means of a graph and / or chart, and the inlet side circuit is composed of the breathing circuit 1 and the heating and humidifier 2, and the patient side breathing machine circuit is connected to the breathing circuit 1 through the hollow tube 3, and the internal hollow tube 3 is closely connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor to form a temperature and humidity detection unit 4, and the display unit 5 is arranged on the temperature and humidity detection unit 4, and the temperature and humidity sensor in the breathing circuit is used to measure the saturated steam temperature and the temperature to be measured in the breathing circuit, and the absolute humidity obtained by adding the operation is calculated as the return value, and the temperature value, the absolute saturated amount of water vapor and the alarm level are displayed on the display unit 5 in the form of a schematic diagram, and the return value is displayed on the display unit 5 in a flashing manner. That is, in the breathing circuit 1, the heating and humidifier 2 and the inlet side circuit with heating device, such as a heating and humidifier, a patient side port and a hollow tube 3 are connected to the breathing circuit 1, and the breathing machine circuit is usually communicated with the hollow tube 3 used in the breathing circuit, and the breathing circuit of the patient side port is arranged in the adjacent breathing circuit, the temperature sensor (such as a thermistor) and the thin plate humidity sensor in the hollow tube 3 to form a temperature and humidity detection unit 4. The temperature and humidity detection unit 4 is connected to the display unit 5 through a circuit to send the detected relative humidity value and temperature in the breathing circuit to the display unit 5. The display unit 5 also pre-sets the saturated water vapor amount, and calculates the absolute humidity in the breathing machine circuit of the present application as the return value by calculating the detected relative humidity and temperature. When the display unit 5 shows the obtained return value, the horizontal axis coordinate displayed on the display unit 5 represents the temperature in the breathing circuit, and the vertical axis coordinate represents the absolute humidity value. Further, the above data will display the pre-calculated absolute saturated steam amount in the form of a graph, which is proportional to the temperature in the breathing circuit. The absolute saturated steam content is intended to be calculated by a known calculation method with the temperature during the breathing circuit, and the purpose is to fixedly draw a smooth curve on the display unit 5 of the present application. It should be noted that the heating and humidifier 2 mentioned in the above is not an integrated device, for example, it is divided into a heater and a humidifier. The heater can use a heating wire, etc. The humidifier can humidify the breathing gas in the breathing machine by using an evaporation device which evaporates water when the device is electrically operated.

[0030] Rather than being a pre-set percentage during artificial ventilation, the absolute humidity in the breathing circuit is a prerequisite for proper artificial ventilation. The absolute humidity in the breathing circuit is not within the appropriate range, but rather is intended to be a boundary line set in advance on the display unit 5 as a warning value. The display unit 5 of the present invention displays the coordinates of the horizontal axis and the parallel position ( Figure 1 (displayed by a dotted line in the figure), wherein the warning level can be visually identified by a pre-set horizontal line displayed. In addition, the purpose of setting the warning level by the horizontal line of the present invention is to display a line that can be moved up and down on the display unit 5 according to the artificial ventilation situation. Therefore, in the breathing circuit, the warning level related to the absolute saturated steam volume and the absolute humidity, and the temperature and humidity displayed at a constant level are always displayed on the display unit 5. In this state, the temperature and humidity detection unit 4 displays the return value of the absolute humidity obtained by the detected relative humidity and the preset temperature of the saturated water vapor volume in a flashing manner on the display unit 5 of the present invention. As described above, the coordinates are compared with the warning level to determine whether the ventilation is normal. When it is lower than the warning level, a flash is provided on the display unit 5, and the warnings issued by the heating humidifier and the alarm buzzer in the ventilator pipeline are adjusted by correction so that stable artificial ventilation can be performed.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the display unit 5 can employ various known display devices, and utilize a display switching device to display various artificial ventilation-related information. For example, by displaying the relative humidity of the flow rate over time, the wavy line detected by the temperature and humidity detection unit 4 can identify the balance of the water content of the patient's exhaled gas in the breathing circuit, thereby facilitating more appropriate monitoring of artificial ventilation conditions.

[0032] The present invention is composed of the above-mentioned structure. The absolute humidity is composed of the humidity to be measured and the temperature to be measured in the ventilator pipeline. The display unit 5 is used to calculate the added preset saturated water vapor content. Its purpose is to flash the display unit 5 to indicate the current state of the absolute humidity in the breathing circuit, so that the state can be easily identified in the ventilator pipeline situation, and also to increase the safety of the patient to avoid accidents during artificial ventilation. Moreover, the display unit 5 has good operability and can perform more appropriate artificial ventilation. It is innovative and highly practical, has immeasurable contributions, and is a very meaningful invention.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, a control module for performing the above calculations is integrated into the display unit 5. The control module can analyze and calculate the above temperature, humidity, absolute saturated steam volume, absolute humidity, etc.

[0034] According to a preferred embodiment, while the display unit 5 displays the current state of the absolute humidity in the breathing circuit, the adjustment of temperature and humidity can be at least conducted by a humidity management unit 6 between the patient and the ventilator. The humidity management unit 6 can include a first breathing circuit 601 configured to receive a flow of breathing gas having a first humidity level and a second breathing circuit 602 adjacent to at least a portion of the first breathing circuit 601 configured to receive a flow of dry gas having a second humidity level lower than the first humidity level. The humidity management unit 6 can further include at least one heating wire extending in length from an intake side of the breathing circuit to a patient side of the breathing circuit, the at least one heating wire configured to provide heat to the flow of gas such that the breathing gas at the patient side is heated to a higher temperature than the gas at the intake side. The humidity management unit 6 can further include a moisture transfer pathway between the first breathing circuit 601 and the second breathing circuit 602 and configured to transfer moisture from the breathing gas to the dry gas based on a humidity difference between the first humidity level and the second humidity level. Preferably, the moisture transfer pathway can include a permeable membrane permeable to water vapor but impermeable to liquid water. Specifically, the breathing gas flows out of the intake side of the ventilator through the conduit to the patient side of the ventilator. The breathing gas is configured to have the first humidity level, which can be calibrated according to the needs of the patient. The second breathing circuit 602 is configured to be at least a portion of the adjacent conduit between the two ends of the first breathing circuit 601 and to input the flow of dry gas. The flow of dry gas is configured to have the second humidity level, which is lower than the first humidity level in the first breathing circuit 601. The flow of dry gas is coupled from a dry gas source into at least one input port, which feeds the flow of dry gas into the second breathing circuit 602. The second breathing circuit 602 is substantially parallel to the first breathing circuit 601. The second breathing circuit 602 further includes at least one output port connected to the environment outside the ventilator. The suction source can be connected to the at least one output port of the dry gas conduit. The at least one output port can be located at the patient side of the breathing circuit. In addition, each output port for drying the first breathing circuit 601 can further include a filter. The dry gas is discharged through the outlet to the environment surrounding the ventilator. The outlet can also be connected to the suction source. The input port for the second breathing circuit 602 can include a flow or volume control element for the flow of dry gas. It should be noted that the "breathing circuit" is any arrangement of circuits or conduits that deliver gas to and from the patient, such as gas from the ventilator, and can include additional accessories or devices connected thereto. Such "breathing gas" can include oxygen, air or any component thereof and is configured to absorb a high level of moisture and / or humidification before or during administration to the patient for medical applications.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, the breathing circuit can include at least one heating element, such as a heating wire, within the breathing circuit. The heating wire extends from the intake side of the breathing circuit to the patient side of the breathing circuit. The heating wire is configured to provide heat to the flow of breathing gas such that the breathing gas at the patient side of the breathing circuit is warmed or heated to a higher temperature than the breathing gas at the intake side of the breathing circuit. Thus, the heating wire is configured to provide additional heating to the breathing gas at the patient side of the breathing circuit so that excess condensate can be removed from the components that receive the flow of breathing gas, such as a ventilator. The heating wire of this configuration reduces or eliminates excessive condensation before the gas enters the ventilator or respirator. The heating wire can be configured to have a variable heat profile in which the patient side of the breathing circuit is warmer than the intake side of the breathing circuit. In one embodiment, the heating wire exhibits a variable temperature profile in which the patient side of the heating wire is warmer relative to the intake side can be achieved by folding the patient side of the heating wire back on itself. For example, the folded patient side of the heating wire exhibits an S-shape, while the intake side of the heating wire remains straight.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the heating wire itself can have a variable resistance such that the patient side of the heating wire can be heated to a higher temperature than the intake side of the heating wire, resulting in a variable heat profile. Preferably, the heating element can be a coiled heating wire in which the pitch spacing between adjacent coils at the intake side is different than the pitch spacing between adjacent coils at the patient side. The variable heat profile of the coiled heating wire can be achieved by spacing the adjacent coils closer to each other at the patient side and farther apart from each other at the intake side so that the patient side of the coiled heating wire is warmer relative to the intake side. The coiled heating wire can be disposed within the lumen of the circuit or can be embedded within the inner wall of the circuit. Preferably, the amount of folding of the patient side of the heating wire can be configured to provide the desired temperature increase near the breathing circuit near the end of the respirator so that the breathing gas is heated at the patient side of the breathing circuit to reduce or prevent the flow of condensed water near the inlet of the ventilator. The connection ends of the heating wire can be coupled to an electrical connector and / or power source having electrical elements through which the heating wire is heated. The heating wire can prevent or reduce the accumulation of moisture in the expiratory filter, expiratory reservoir, expiratory flow sensor, or any other components located at the patient side.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the water transfer path between the first breathing line 601 and the second breathing line 602 is such that the humidity in the breathing gas flow is reduced and the water in the breathing gas is transferred to the dry gas flow. The water transfer path is provided between the higher humidity breathing gas in the first breathing line 601 and the lower humidity dry gas flow in the second breathing line 602. The user can increase or decrease the level of dry gas supplied to the breathing line to manage or remove condensation water that can be transferred from the first breathing line 601 to the second breathing line 602. Thus, the water level can be reduced from within the breathing gas flow and transferred to the dry gas flow.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the breathing machine and / or the heating humidifier 2 or the control module comprises a ramp algorithm which controls the temperature rise. For example, within a first time (1 to 30 minutes), a higher or maximum heating power (e.g. at least 75% of the maximum power) can be used in order to quickly reach a stable working point. The duration of the high heating power can be adjusted manually or automatically, for example, depending on the required / set humidification phase. For example, a low humidification phase is provided which provides a short heating time with a higher or maximum heating power, while a high humidification phase provides a longer heating time. Preferably, also more patient-adapted heating phases can be provided. For example, the temperature of the introduced gas or the temperature of the environment is taken into account. In particular, the humidity of the breathing gas is controlled to remain relatively constant in the range of 10-11 g / m 3 with a steady heating with a pre-set heating power. The control module controls the temperature regulation of the heating element based at least partly on the parameters of the breathing gas such that the humidity of the breathing gas afterwards is reduced to 8 g / m 3 , or even to 6 g / m 3 . The control module can be configured to monitor the rate of the flow of the breathing gas and to automatically adjust the electrical power provided to the heating element during the artificial ventilation. This process can adjust the amount of heated steam added to the breathing gas in proportion in order to maintain a substantially constant target humidity level in the breathing gas during the breathing cycle and the treatment. The control module can also analyze the current or previous breathing cycles to predict the following breathing and / or humidification needs and to adjust the pre-settings of the heating element.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature and humidity detection unit 4 comprises at least one sensor detecting a parameter of the respiratory gas and the display unit 5 comprises at least one control module for presetting the heating power of the heating element at least partially based on the parameter of the respiratory gas or at least partially based on at least one of the following parameters: flow or volume of the respiratory gas flow; respiratory frequency; exhalation volume; ambient temperature; air humidity; heating power; time since start of treatment. Different sensors are used for detecting the ambient temperature, the ambient humidity, the humidity in the heating humidifier 2, the temperature in the heating humidifier 2 and the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas flow. In general, the present application determines the relative humidity and the absolute humidity. For example, the heating power is changed in a stepless manner according to a characteristic map which classifies the required power for certain average total flows. Several discrete stages of the heating power can be preset, wherein in each case at least one characteristic curve of the heating power is stored and called up. The control of the heating power is for example based on stored correction parameters to compensate for the ambient temperature or the air humidity or the temperature. The control of the heating power is also for example based on data of the temperature sensor, so that the heating power is reduced at low respiration. The combination of the control based on the respiratory flow with the temperature increase function of the ramp algorithm allows a comfortable control and humidification of the respiratory gas. If the medical staff and / or the patient desires the respiratory air to be heated and / or humidified, the heating element controls the heating power in a higher or highest stage by a temperature increase at the start of the treatment or a temperature increase in a first, relatively short phase, for example the first 30 minutes. In this way, the gas in the breathing circuit is quickly heated and thus the required temperature of the respiratory gas can be quickly reached. When the required temperature of the respiratory gas is reached, the heating power is controlled in a second and / or longer phase depending on the total flow of the respiratory gas. For example, the control module stores a characteristic map which associates the required heating power with the actual flow or the required heating and humidification of the respiratory gas.

[0040] Furthermore, various structures / components, including but not limited to fastening elements, electrical elements (wiring, cables, etc.), and the like, can have been shown schematically or removed from all or a portion of the views in order to better illustrate various aspects of the depicted embodiments, where inclusion of such structures / components is not necessary for an understanding of the various embodiments described herein. If such structures / components are not shown / described in a certain figure, this should in no way be construed as limiting the scope of the various embodiments in any way.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the display unit 5 further comprises a wireless module, which is electrically connected to the main board and wirelessly connected to a smart terminal device, such as a mobile phone or a computer, for remote viewing of the values and changing of the settings, and for positioning. The warning level of the display unit 5 can change the color of the flashing based on the changes in temperature and humidity, for example, when the temperature is low and the heating wire is started to increase the temperature, the LED light turns yellow and an alarm is sounded; when the humidity is abnormal (high / low), the alarm is directly started, and the LED light turns orange / red.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] This embodiment is a further supplement to the above embodiments.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, in some artificial ventilation processes, further detection and change of the temperature and humidity states are still needed when the temperature and humidity in the breathing pipeline are not in a state of being both high or both low. For example, when the temperature of the patient is kept in an appropriate range and the humidity is too high, the gas flow needs to be increased to quickly reduce the humidity, but the increase of the gas flow also leads to a rapid decrease of the temperature, at which time the heating element needs to be started to maintain the current temperature. That is, the temperature and humidity are correlated, and if the breathing gas changes from being humid to being dry or from being dry to being humid, or changes from being low temperature to being high temperature or from being high temperature to being low temperature, if only a single factor is controlled according to the traditional scheme, it is likely that the temperature and / or humidity of the breathing gas entering the patient's body is not appropriate, which leads to failure of the artificial ventilation, and it is difficult for medical personnel to take targeted measures, even if they do, a lot of time is wasted, and there is a possibility of failure of the operation.

[0045] Therefore, the present application provides a preferred embodiment, the temperature and humidity detection unit 4 is used to obtain the temperature and humidity information in the breathing tube. The control module determines the first control information related to the temperature when the breathing gas is in the first state and the second control information related to the humidity when the breathing gas is in the second state based on the temperature and humidity information sent by the temperature and humidity detection unit 4. The heating element and the ventilator flow valve switch their working states based on the received first control information and second control information. Preferably, the control module regulates the first control information related to the first state based on the second control information generated in the second state. The first state reflects the temperature of the breathing gas, and the second state reflects the humidity of the breathing gas. Specifically, for the case of temperature change of the breathing gas, the control module sends the first control information to the heating element and / or the ventilator flow valve to regulate the temperature of the breathing gas, wherein the heating element is configured to have a variable heat distribution curve and is controlled by a ramp algorithm. The heating element heats the breathing gas. The ventilator flow valve cools the breathing gas by increasing the gas flow. The temperature of the breathing gas is maintained at 35°C, for example. Further, the temperature of the breathing gas is dynamically regulated by the heating element and the ventilator flow valve. However, the ventilator flow valve also controls the humidity of the breathing gas. The control module sends the second control information to the ventilator flow valve to regulate the humidity of the breathing gas, wherein the increase of the breathing gas flow will cause the temperature of the breathing gas to decrease while the humidity of the breathing gas is regulated, at this time, based on the second control information, the heating element should be started to heat instead of reducing the increase of the gas flow by the ventilator flow valve. The above-mentioned humidity regulation can also be performed by the humidifier of the ventilator, and the humidity of the breathing gas is adjusted by adjusting the humidification rate of the humidifier, but the humidification of the humidifier will also cause the temperature to rise. The humidity can usually use the humidification satisfaction as the evaluation index. For example, the humidification satisfaction of the breathing gas is maintained above 90%. The present application considers how to quickly and stably maintain the temperature in the trachea and the humidification satisfaction in the appropriate range, which is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The present application can adaptively cope with the breathing gas in different states by at least changing the humidity and dynamically changing the corresponding temperature for the breathing tube of the ventilator flow valve, so that the temperature and humidification satisfaction of the breathing gas are maintained in the appropriate range, and the properties of the breathing gas are corrected or processed according to the changes of the changed single or multiple parameters, so as to prevent the occurrence of patient-associated pneumonia caused by the action of the ventilator.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, in the above setting mode, the control module can also adaptively regulate the problem of humidity rising due to the heating of the breathing gas by the heating element. For example, when the heating element is heating, due to the temperature rise and the breathing gas in a relatively closed state, the absolute humidity does not change, the saturated humidity becomes larger, so that the relative humidity of the environment in the breathing circuit becomes smaller, the breathing gas carries more moisture, and the humidity becomes larger. Therefore, the degree of heating and humidification by the heating element and the breathing machine flow valve needs to be dynamically regulated to keep the temperature and humidification satisfaction within an appropriate range. Preferably, the control module can adaptively regulate according to the time when the temperature and / or humidity reaches a preset change value as the change period. For example, when the temperature of the breathing gas reaches 37℃, the control module controls the breathing gas flow to regulate when the preset change value is set to 37℃. When the preset change value is set to 33℃, the control module controls the heating wire to regulate. Similarly, when the humidification satisfaction of the breathing gas is less than 90%, the control module controls the breathing gas flow to regulate when the preset change value is set to 90%. The above setting makes the temperature and humidity regulated according to the corresponding preset change value, and the purpose of such design is to clearly reflect the change rule of the breathing gas parameters and prevent the influence of uncontrollable factors. Preferably, the temperature and humidity preset change values are set in a manner that the change amount becomes smaller as it becomes larger and have corresponding regulation levels so that the temperature and humidity can be regulated at the same time. For example, the preset change value is set to 36.5℃, the temperature value in the first time period is 36.5℃, the temperature value in the second time period is 37.5℃, and the temperature value in the first time period is 38℃. That is, the respective change values are 1.5℃, 1℃ and 0.5℃, corresponding to three regulation levels of temperature change. The preset change value is set to 87%, the humidification satisfaction in the first time period is 87%, the humidification satisfaction in the second time period is 85%, and the humidification satisfaction in the first time period is 84%, that is, the respective change values are 3%, 2% and 1%, corresponding to three regulation levels of humidity change. In the case of artificial ventilation of the patient, the parameter with higher regulation level, i.e. the parameter with larger change amount, is preferably processed. The above setting indicates that the temperature and humidity are continuously changing and the overall change amount is constantly changing, and at this time, the accuracy of parameter regulation can be improved by changing the preset change value.

[0047] Embodiment 3

[0048] This embodiment is a further supplement to the above embodiments.

[0049] Preferably, in this solution, it is very important to adaptively select different signs of the patient in view of the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas for the patient, especially in view of the associated regulation of the temperature and humidity in the process of artificial ventilation. In this regard, the tidal volume is introduced to further regulate the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas, and the following steps are given: before the patient is subjected to the process of artificial ventilation, the required ventilator parameters of the patient's respiratory physiology are determined through the patient's medical history and physical signs to meet the clinical needs; according to the determined required ventilator parameters, the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas supplied by the ventilator are controlled to be maintained at the required level of the patient. The above-mentioned ventilator parameters include tidal volume, inhaled oxygen concentration, respiratory frequency, inspiration-expiration ratio, spontaneous breathing sensitivity and age. For example, in younger patients, changes in respiratory physiology caused by the regulation of the temperature and humidity of the ventilator can meet the clinical needs of patients of different ages, different diseases, and even different stages of diseases. The conditions that require artificial ventilation for younger patients include pump failure and lung failure. Among them, pump failure includes neuromuscular diseases (Guillain-Barre syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy, etc.) and central nervous system diseases (severe encephalitis, brain trauma, etc.). Lung failure includes lung parenchymal diseases (severe pneumonia, pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), severe asthma). In addition, postoperative respiratory support for patients, severe circulatory failure, and upper airway obstruction also require artificial ventilation. Corresponding to different ages, different diseases and even different stages of diseases of the patient, the changes in the ventilator parameters affect the regulation of the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment, the control module is configured to at least partially preset the adaptation temperature and humidity required for the patient according to at least one parameter of the patient; the control module at least partially presets the adaptation temperature and humidity required for the patient according to at least one of the following parameters: tidal volume; inhaled oxygen concentration; respiratory rate; inhalation / exhalation ratio; spontaneous breathing sensitivity; age; ideal body weight. The adaptation temperature and humidity are controlled based on the heating element and the ventilator flow valve to ensure that the absolute humidity of the distributed breathing gas remains constant, and / or to ensure that the drying of the patient's mucous membranes in the case of low temperature and humidity is reduced, while preventing the condensation of condensed water in the breathing tube in the case of high temperature and humidity. The above-mentioned plurality of discrete steps are pre-settable, and wherein in each case at least one temperature and humidity profile is stored and can be called up in each step. The temperature and humidity profile is divided into an adult profile and a non-adult profile at least with respect to the age of the patient, wherein a number of hierarchical selections are divided in the adult profile and the non-adult profile, each of which corresponds to the above-mentioned plurality of discrete steps. The hierarchical selections include the tidal volume; the inhaled oxygen concentration; the respiratory rate; the inhalation / exhalation ratio; the spontaneous breathing sensitivity. Based on the different parameters, a corresponding profile is derived in the adult profile and the non-adult profile; the required temperature and humidity of at least one parameter is determined from all selected relevant hierarchical selections; at least one highest priority corresponding profile is provided to the patient; and the above-mentioned steps are repeated for all relevant hierarchical selections until the optimal temperature and humidity profile for the patient is determined. That is, the profiles are divided into a number of small categories under the two large categories of adults and non-adults to adaptively provide the patient with the optimal temperature and humidity profile.

[0051] Specifically, the tidal volume refers to the amount of air inhaled or exhaled by the patient in a quiet state, and the value thereof affects the adjustment of humidity. In the prior art, the adjustment of the tidal volume is usually carried out by increasing or decreasing the pressure, and the increase of the pressure leads to the increase of the flow rate of the respiratory gas to be delivered, and the respiratory gas will cause the humidity to decrease due to the change. That is, under the current tidal volume, the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas are maintained within the appropriate range of the patient, and after the tidal volume is changed, the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas will no longer be appropriate. For example, the increase of the tidal volume leads to the increase of the flow rate of the respiratory gas, so that if the temperature and humidity are still maintained, the humidity of the respiratory gas will be too low, leading to the dehydration of the respiratory tract of the patient, the reduction of the function of cilia, and even the occurrence of tracheitis and bronchitis. The size of the tidal volume is affected by the ideal body weight and the blood gas result of the patient. Corresponding to the ideal body weight of the patient, the patients of different ages have different requirements for the tidal volume, that is, the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas also need to be adaptively adjusted, and the influence of the age of the patient needs to be introduced here. When the patient is younger, the size of the tidal volume is within the range of 6-8 ml / kg, and when the patient is older, the size of the tidal volume is within the range of 8-12 ml / kg. That is, different parameter standards are adopted for the non-adults and the adults to provide the control module, and when the control module controls the temperature and humidity, adaptive temperature and humidity values will be given on this basis. The humidity of the respiratory gas of the non-adults is lower than that of the adults. Corresponding to the tidal volume is the inspiration-expiration ratio. The tidal volume is equal to the inspiration time multiplied by the flow rate of the supplied gas, the longer the inspiration time is, the larger the inspiration-expiration ratio is, and the larger the tidal volume is. The age of the patient has a greater influence on the inspiration-expiration ratio, and the newborn is set to 0.5-0.6 s, the infant is 0.6-0.8 s, the non-adult is 0.8-1.2 s. The inspiration-expiration ratio of the adult is usually set to 1:1.5-1:2. Based on the above setting of the tidal volume leading to the change of the humidity, it can be concluded that the larger the inspiration-expiration ratio is, the lower the adaptive humidity of the patient needs to be. However, the set inspiration-expiration ratio is not necessarily the actual inspiration-expiration ratio of the patient. 1:1.5-1:2 is the value in the normal physiological state, and when the patient has respiratory failure, the inspiration-expiration ratio will also change. For example, the patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and asthma mainly have small airway lesions, and the expiration is limited, so the expiration time needs to be appropriately prolonged, the inspiration-expiration ratio value should be smaller, and the humidity needs to be increased. The inhaled oxygen concentration is determined according to the oxygen saturation target, and the oxygen saturation of the patient should be maintained at the lowest inhaled oxygen concentration. The oxygen saturation depends on the type and severity of the patient's lesion, and in the dangerous acute pulmonary hypertension, the inhaled oxygen concentration needs to be increased to 100%. The inhaled oxygen concentration is positively correlated with the flow rate of the respiratory gas, and the inhaled oxygen concentration is 29%-33% at a low flow rate, which is commonly used for chronic lung diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and decompensated pulmonary heart disease. The inhaled oxygen concentration is 37%-47% at a medium flow rate, which is commonly used for diseases such as bronchiectasis, severe pneumonia, pneumothorax, and bronchial asthma.Inhalation oxygen concentration is more than 50% at high flow rate, which is used for critical or respiratory depression diseases, such as respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or acute respiratory distress syndrome, inhaled toxic gas. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the inhalation oxygen concentration according to the physical condition of the patient, and adjust the respiratory gas flow rate. The increase of the gas flow rate leads to the decrease of the humidity and temperature, and the control module needs to control the heating element and the breathing machine humidifier to increase the temperature and humidity. The setting of the breathing frequency is affected by the age and the autonomous breathing ability of the patient, the ventilation mode, the size of the tidal volume, the target level of the arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure and other factors. The initial frequency is close to the physiological breathing frequency of the patient. The breathing frequency of the younger patient is higher, and the excessively high breathing frequency leads to the water accumulation in the breathing pipeline and the mask inside under the continuous breathing action. The respiratory gas continuously contacts the breathing pipeline and the mask to cause the water accumulation phenomenon. When the water accumulation is accumulated in the breathing pipeline and the mask, noise is generated. In addition to the noise, the water accumulation at the mask end causes the water droplets to fall on the face of the user. Therefore, the power of the heating element needs to be increased to increase the temperature, so that the phenomenon is reduced. In addition, for the patient with wheezing symptoms, such as asthma, respiratory syncytial virus infection and the like, the setting of the breathing frequency should be reduced, which is slightly lower than the physiological breathing frequency required by the patient, and the inhalation-exhalation ratio is appropriately prolonged, so as not to cause the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure due to the insufficient exhalation time. That is, a higher temperature and humidity are provided, so that the patient can normally perform the artificial ventilation. The autonomous breathing sensitivity is also set according to the age, muscle strength and the like of the patient. The initial setting is 0.5L-2L / min. When the patient has autonomous breathing, whether the triggering sensitivity is appropriate is checked according to the breathing machine waveform and the breathing state of the patient. When the triggering sensitivity is set to be more sensitive, the medical staff needs to handle the condensate water in the circuit in time, and the water accumulation cup is at a low position, so as to prevent the condensate water in the circuit from causing the false triggering. Therefore, when the sensitivity setting is more sensitive, the control module of the present application increases the temperature or reduces the humidity of the respiratory gas to prevent the condensate water in the circuit from causing the false triggering.

[0052] It should be noted that the above data is only reference data, and different adaptive temperature and humidity initialization conditions can be selected according to the present application.

[0053] Through the above setting mode of the present application, the temperature and humidity of the respiratory gas are maintained in the appropriate range according to the signs of the patient, so that the patient feels comfortable. The humidity is also adjusted according to the specific condition of the patient, for example, the appropriate increase of the humidity can prevent the problem that the dry gas is too stimulating to the lungs. If the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the appropriate increase of the humidity can also play a role in expectoration. At the same time, the excessively high humidity of the respiratory gas is prevented from causing the excessively high humidity in the breathing pipeline and / or the breathing mask, which brings the patient a sense of heaviness. In addition, the excessively high humidity of the respiratory gas can cause the patient to have itching and redness on the face, that is, the excessively high humidity of the breathing pipeline and / or the breathing mask causes the patient to have infection.

[0054] Throughout the specification, "preferably", "particularly preferred", and the like, are used to describe optional features of the application. None of these terms should be taken to mean that the feature is essential or that use of the application without the feature is undesirable.

[0055] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the application, and that one skilled in the art will be able to devise modifications and alternatives that are within the scope of the application. The disclosure of the application therefore should not be limited to the described embodiments. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially to the immediately preceding description in the Summary, are intended to be interpreted broadly. Thus, for example, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" or the like can be used in the sense of "including but not limited to", "comprising but not limited to", or the like.

Claims

1. A breathing machine pipeline temperature and humidity monitoring control system, at least comprising: a temperature and humidity detection unit arranged near the breathing pipeline on the side close to the patient for detecting temperature and humidity changes in the breathing pipeline, the breathing pipeline containing at least one heating element, a display unit for displaying temperature and absolute humidity, characterized in that, in the case that the temperature and humidity detection unit sends the temperature and humidity changes it collects, the control module in the display unit dynamically changes the regulation mode of temperature and humidity with the associated control information of the temperature and humidity changes as the driving event to cope with the changes of breathing gas, the control module changes the regulation mode of temperature and humidity based on the first state and the second state of the breathing gas, the control module determines that the breathing gas is in the first state reflecting the temperature of the breathing gas based on the temperature and humidity information sent by the temperature and humidity detection unit, generates first control information related to temperature, and in the second state reflecting the humidity of the breathing gas, generates second control information related to humidity, and regulates the first control information related to the first state based on the second control information generated in the second state, the control module sends the first control information to the heating element and / or the breathing machine flow valve to regulate the temperature of the breathing gas, the heating element is configured to have a variable heat distribution curve and is controlled by a ramp algorithm; the control module sends the second control information to the breathing machine flow valve to regulate the humidity of the breathing gas, and starts the heating element based on the second control information, the control module can adaptively regulate according to the time of the preset change value of temperature and / or humidity as the change period, the preset change value is characterized by the change value of temperature and / or humidity, and the preset change value of temperature and humidity is set in a manner that decreases with the increase of the change amount, and has a regulation level so that temperature and humidity can be synchronized.

2. The ventilator circuit temperature and humidity monitoring control system of claim 1, wherein, The temperature and humidity detection unit (4) is connected to the display unit (5) near the breathing machine, the control module obtains the increased saturated water vapor content in the breathing pipeline by calculating the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity detection unit (4), and obtains the relative humidity for evaluating the absolute humidity and temperature, wherein the control module takes the absolute humidity and temperature as the return value, the absolute saturation of water vapor and the alarm level are visually displayed on the display unit (5), and the flashing reminder is performed on the display unit (5).

3. The ventilator circuit temperature and humidity monitoring control system of claim 2, wherein, When the display unit (5) shows the obtained return value, the horizontal axis coordinate displayed by the display unit (5) represents the temperature in the breathing pipeline, and the vertical axis coordinate represents the absolute humidity value, wherein, The display unit (5) visually identifies the warning level through the pre-set displayed horizontal line.

4. The ventilator circuit temperature and humidity monitoring control system of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, When the display unit (5) displays the current state of the absolute humidity in the breathing pipeline, at least the temperature and humidity of the humidity management unit (6) between the patient and the breathing machine can be adjusted, The humidity management unit (6) comprises a first breathing line (601) configured to receive a flow of breathing gas having a first humidity level and a second breathing line (602) adjacent to at least a portion of the first breathing line (601) configured to receive a flow of dry gas having a second humidity level lower than the first humidity level.

5. The ventilator circuit temperature and humidity monitoring control system of claim 4, wherein, The length of the at least one heating element extends from an intake side of the breathing line to a patient side of the breathing line, the at least one heating element being configured to provide heat to the flowing gas such that the breathing gas at the patient side is heated to a higher temperature than the gas at the intake side, the ramp algorithm controlling the gradient of the temperature to rise in order to quickly reach a stable operating point.

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