Laser battery for space energy transmission and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser cell for space energy transmission and a preparation method thereof, which comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a metal resonance layer, a hole transport layer, a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal top electrode stacked in sequence. The metal resonance layer between the transparent conductive layer and the hole transport layer is translucent, and the metal top electrode is non-transparent. The light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonance layer and the metal top electrode is within the laser adjustment wavelength range. The photoactive layer is a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer is scraped on the hole transport layer to form a specific thickness gradient. The thickness of the active layer is adjusted by scraping to control the response peak. The present invention provides a laser cell for space energy transmission and a preparation method thereof so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity can be continuously adjusted within a preset range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser batteries, and in particular to a laser battery for space energy transmission and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Laser cells generate electricity by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor pn junction under laser irradiation. Their principle is similar to that of solar cells, except that they utilize a high-energy laser beam within a specific wavelength band. Traditional solar cells are primarily used in solar spectrum scenarios, utilizing sunlight or visible light. Laser cells, however, utilize a laser spectrum with a concentrated wavelength. They are independent of sunlight and can therefore provide stable power regardless of day or night, season, or weather. Laser cells fully absorb laser energy, achieve high conversion efficiency, enable long-distance energy transmission, and are unaffected by the environment. Laser cells are a key core component in laser wireless energy transmission and the primary means of achieving long-distance wireless energy transmission in space energy transmission missions. They have broad application prospects in areas such as emergency maintenance of spacecraft, all-weather lunar exploration, powering long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles, space solar power stations, and wireless energy transmission from power grids.

[0003] In space energy transmission missions, due to the limitations of the atmospheric environment, most laser wavelengths attenuate significantly with propagation distance. Only lasers within a specific wavelength window, such as 780nm-1100nm, can transmit energy over long distances. Because laser wavelengths are difficult to continuously adjust, the choice of laser wavelength is also constrained by the inherent wavelength of the laser itself. Within this atmospheric window, only lasers with specific wavelengths, such as 808-810nm, have high energy conversion efficiency. Batteries used for energy transmission need to be precisely matched to the target laser wavelength to achieve higher energy transmission efficiency.

[0004] Most of the current laser cells are commercial traditional silicon or GaAs III-V photovoltaic cells, which use the inherent photovoltaic response of the photovoltaic device itself to match the target laser wavelength. When targeting lasers in different wavelength windows, the response wavelength of the photovoltaic device is difficult to adjust.

[0005] Therefore, how to solve the problem that the same laser cell can only receive lasers of a specific wavelength and realize that the same laser cell corresponds to energy-transmitting lasers of different wavelengths is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a laser battery for space energy transmission in response to the problems in the prior art.

[0007] A laser cell for space energy transmission is characterized in that it includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a metal resonance layer, a hole transport layer, a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal top electrode stacked in sequence. The metal resonance layer between the transparent conductive layer and the hole transport layer is translucent, and the metal top electrode is non-transparent. The light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonance layer and the metal top electrode is within the laser adjustment wavelength range. The photoactive layer is a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer is scraped on the hole transport layer to form a specific thickness gradient. The thickness of the active layer is adjusted by scraping to control the response peak, so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity can be continuously adjusted within a preset range.

[0008] To this end, the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: during the scraping process of the perovskite layer, the film thickness gradient is amplified by increasing the substrate temperature, increasing the solution concentration, etc.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the transparent conductive layer is made of one of indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) materials, and its thickness is 100 to 600 nm; or, the transparent conductive layer is integrated with the substrate.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the metal resonance layer is made of a metal material with strong reflectivity and conductivity; the metal resonance layer is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu, and its thickness is 5 to 15 nm.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the hole transport material used in the hole transport layer includes any one of triphenylamine derivatives, PTAA, cuprous thiocyanate CuSCN, nickel oxide NiOx, cuprous iodide CuI, poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT:PSS), and its thickness is 10 to 200 nm. The hole transport layer is used to transport holes to the corresponding electrode.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the electron transport layer uses one of titanium dioxide TiO2, tin dioxide SnO2, zinc oxide ZnO, C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester PCBM, and cadmium sulfide CdS, with a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. The electron transport layer is used to transfer electrons to the corresponding electrode.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the photoactive layer adopts ABX3 type three-dimensional perovskite, wherein the positive monovalent cation A is selected from any one of methylamine MA+, formamidine FA+, potassium K+, rubidium Rb+, cesium Cs+ and any combination of several ions; the positive divalent metal cation B is selected from any one of lead Pb2+, germanium Ge2+, tin Sn2+ and any combination of several ions; the negative monovalent anion X is selected from any one of chlorine Cl-, bromine Br-, iodine I- and any combination of several ions. The thickness can be selected from 400 nm to 410 nm according to the laser band used.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer of the laser battery for space energy transmission can be interchanged to realize a positive nip structure or an inverted pin structure.

[0016] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a single-device laser cell for space energy transmission with continuously adjustable wavelength.

[0017] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following scheme:

[0018] A method for preparing a laser battery for space energy transmission comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1, on ITO conductive glass, on ITO or FTO conductive glass, an ultra-thin metal resonant layer is prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering and other processes. The metal material is one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu, and its thickness is 5~15 nm;

[0020] S2, heat treating the metal resonance layer grown in S1;

[0021] S3, knife coating of the hole transport layer immediately after the heat treatment in S2;

[0022] S4, scraping a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer, and providing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0023] S5, growing the laser cell metal top electrode on the upper section of the electron transport layer to serve as the rear end of the metal microcavity;

[0024] Among them, in step S2, the light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software, and the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonant layer and the metal top electrode is controlled and adjusted within the laser adjustment range, the thickness of the metal resonant layer is adjusted, and the thickness gradient of the scraped perovskite layer in step S4 is controlled.

[0025] To this end, the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: when the perovskite layer is formed by scraping, the film thickness gradient is regulated and amplified by increasing the substrate temperature and the solution concentration.

[0027] The present invention discloses a laser cell for space energy transmission and a method for preparing the same. This utilizes a scraping technique for the active layer to achieve thickness gradient control. By continuously and precisely adjusting the optical resonant cavity response wavelength within the perovskite active layer thickness gradient, an optical resonant cavity with continuously adjustable response wavelength is constructed within the photovoltaic device. This allows different regions of the laser cell to adapt to different laser wavelengths. By simply shifting the position, lasers with different response wavelengths can be precisely matched without replacing the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency. The present invention utilizes scraping technology to achieve perovskite active layers of varying thicknesses, resulting in low preparation costs, ease of implementation, and ease of widespread application. This approach has broad application prospects in the field of laser cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a working scene diagram of a laser battery for space energy transmission according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser battery for space energy transmission of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a thickness distribution diagram of the perovskite active layer in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 4 is a thickness distribution diagram of the perovskite active layer in Example 2;

[0032] Figure 5 is a thickness distribution diagram of the perovskite active layer in Example 3;

[0033] Figure 6 is a thickness distribution diagram of the perovskite active layer in Example 4;

[0034] In the figure: substrate 1, transparent conductive layer 2, metal resonance layer 3, hole transport layer 4, photoactive layer 5, electron transport layer 6, metal top electrode 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] A laser cell for space energy transmission of the present invention includes a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a metal resonance layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, a photoactive layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, and a metal top electrode 7, which are stacked in sequence. The metal resonance layer between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the hole transport layer 4 is translucent, and the metal top electrode 7 is non-transparent. The light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonance layer 3 and the metal top electrode 7 is within the laser adjustment wavelength range. The photoactive layer 5 is a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer is scraped on the hole transport layer 4 to form a specific thickness gradient. The thickness of the active layer is adjusted by scraping to control the response peak, so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity can be continuously adjusted within a preset range.

[0037] In a laser cell for space energy transmission of the present invention, the metal resonance layer 3 and the metal top electrode 7 form an optical resonance cavity, thereby controlling the response wavelength range of the laser cell. The thickness gradient of the active layer of the perovskite layer is adjusted to achieve precise adjustment of the response wavelength of the optical resonance cavity. By adjusting the thickness of the active layer of the perovskite layer, the response peak is regulated, so that the same laser cell for space energy transmission can achieve continuously adjustable optical resonance cavity response wavelength within a preset range.

[0038] In the present invention, during the process of scraping the perovskite layer, the film thickness gradient is amplified by increasing the substrate temperature, increasing the solution concentration, etc.

[0039] The transparent conductive layer 2 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) with a thickness of 100 to 600 nm. The transparent conductive layer 2 is integrated with the substrate 1 to adjust the electrical conductivity of the device.

[0040] The metal resonance layer 3 is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu, and has a thickness of 5 to 15 nm;

[0041] The metal resonance layer 3 is made of a metal material with high reflectivity and electrical conductivity.

[0042] The hole transport layer 4 uses a hole transport material including any one of triphenylamine derivatives, PTAA, cuprous thiocyanate CuSCN, nickel oxide NiOx, cuprous iodide CuI, poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT:PSS), with a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. The hole transport layer is used to transport holes to the corresponding electrode.

[0043] The electron transport layer 6 is made of one of titanium dioxide TiO2, tin dioxide SnO2, zinc oxide ZnO, C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester PCBM, and cadmium sulfide CdS, and has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm. The electron transport layer is used to transport electrons to the corresponding electrode.

[0044] The photoactive layer 5 uses an ABX3 type three-dimensional perovskite, wherein the positive monovalent cation A is selected from any one of methylamine MA+, formamidine FA+, potassium K+, rubidium Rb+, and cesium Cs+, or any combination of several ions; the positive divalent metal cation B is selected from any one of lead Pb2+, germanium Ge2+, and tin Sn2+, or any combination of several ions; the negative monovalent anion X is selected from any one of chlorine Cl-, bromine Br-, and iodine I-, or any combination of several ions. The thickness can be selected from 400 nm to 410 nm according to the laser band used.

[0045] The hole transport layer 4 and the electron transport layer 6 can be interchanged to realize a positive nip structure or an inverted pin structure.

[0046] The laser cell of the present invention is in the shape of a long strip, and the thickness of the active layer at different positions has a certain gradient. The thickness of the active layer is used to regulate the distance between the resonant layers of the optical resonant cavity to achieve precise matching of the target wavelength.

[0047] The method for preparing a laser cell for space energy transmission of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1, on ITO conductive glass, on ITO or FTO conductive glass, an ultra-thin metal resonant layer is prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering and other processes. The metal material is one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu, and its thickness is 5~15 nm;

[0049] S2, heat treating the metal resonance layer grown in S1;

[0050] S3, coating the hole transport layer 4 immediately after the heat treatment in S2;

[0051] S4, coating a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer 4 as a photoactive layer 5, and providing an electron transport layer 6 on the perovskite layer;

[0052] S5, growing a laser cell metal top electrode on the upper portion of the electron transport layer 6 to serve as the rear end of the metal microcavity;

[0053] Among them, in step S2, the light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software, and the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonant layer and the metal top electrode is controlled and adjusted within the laser adjustment range, the thickness of the metal resonant layer is adjusted, and the thickness gradient of the scraped perovskite layer 5 in step S4 is controlled.

[0054] In the present invention, the light field optimization effect is to make the external quantum efficiency response of the entire laser cell reach a peak value of > 80% at a specific wavelength, and the response peak value can be regulated by adjusting the thickness of the active layer.

[0055] When the perovskite layer 5 is formed by scraping, the film thickness gradient is regulated and amplified by increasing the substrate temperature and the solution concentration.

[0056] The metal resonant layer in this invention requires thickness adjustment to achieve translucency. Furthermore, through simulation of the internal light field distribution of the device using optical calculation software, the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonant layer and the metal top electrode is kept within the laser adjustment wavelength range. This is achieved by combining the thickness gradient of the perovskite active layer to precisely adjust the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity. Unlike existing laser cells, the response wavelength of the laser cell of this invention is continuously adjustable within a preset range by controlling the thickness gradient of the perovskite active layer, allowing a single cell to respond to different energy-transmitting lasers.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] The substrate consisting of the substrate and transparent conductive layer was cleaned in sequence with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, dried with nitrogen, and then treated with UV ozone for 15 minutes. Au was deposited as a metal resonant layer on the substrate (evaporation, 10 nm). A 10 nm thick PTAA film was deposited on the substrate by doctor blade coating. A perovskite active layer film was prepared on the PTAA film by doctor blade coating. The active layer composition was FA0.3MA0.3PbI3. The distance between the doctor blade and the substrate was set to 0.32 mm, and the amount of solution added was 16 ul / 9 cm. 2 , of which 9 cm 2 The substrate area is set to 28.5℃, the substrate temperature is set to 28.5℃, the scraping speed is set to 20 mm / s, and the wind knife speed is set to 3.5 m / s. At this time, the film thickness range is 1014 ~ 889 nm. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 1, a 40 nm thick C60 electron transport layer and a 90 nm thick Cu electrode were deposited. The fabricated laser cell exhibits continuous tunability in the spatial energy transfer wavelength range (735–765 nm), achieving a theoretical peak laser energy transfer efficiency of 40.1%.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The substrate, consisting of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer, was cleaned sequentially with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, dried with nitrogen, and then treated with UV-ozone for 15 minutes. Au was deposited on the substrate as a metal resonant layer (evaporation, 8 nm). A 10 nm thick PTAA film was deposited on the substrate by doctor blade coating. A perovskite active layer film composed of FA0.3MA0.3PbI3 was prepared on the PTAA film by doctor blade coating. The distance between the doctor blade and the substrate was set to 0.3 mm, and the solution was added at a rate of 12 μl / 9 cm. 2 , of which 9 cm 2 The substrate area is set to 25°C, the substrate temperature is set to 25°C, the scraping speed is set to 20 mm / s, and the wind knife speed is set to 3.5 m / s. At this time, the film thickness range is 675 ~ 620 nm. Figure 4 As shown in Figure 2, a 40 nm thick C60 electron transport layer and a 90 nm thick Cu electrode were deposited. The fabricated laser cell exhibits continuous tunability in the spatial energy transfer band (775–791 nm), achieving a theoretical laser energy transfer efficiency of 41.1%.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The substrate consisting of the substrate and transparent conductive layer was cleaned in sequence with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, dried with nitrogen, and then treated with UV ozone for 15 minutes. Au was deposited as a metal resonant layer on the substrate (evaporation, 10 nm). A 10 nm thick PTAA film was prepared on the substrate by doctor blade coating. A perovskite active layer film was prepared on the PTAA film by doctor blade coating. The active layer component was FAPbBr3. The distance between the doctor blade and the substrate was set to 0.3 mm, and the amount of solution added was 17 ul / 9 cm. 2 , of which 9 cm 2 The substrate area is set to 27.5℃, the substrate temperature is set to 27.5℃, the scraping speed is set to 20 mm / s, and the wind knife speed is set to 3.5 m / s. At this time, the film thickness range is 571 ~ 464 nm. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, a 40nm thick C60 electron transport layer and a 90nm thick Cu electrode were deposited. The fabricated laser cell exhibits continuous tunability in the spatial energy transfer wavelength range (553-597nm), with a theoretical laser energy transfer efficiency of 39.4%.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The substrate, consisting of the substrate and the transparent conductive layer, was cleaned sequentially with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, dried with nitrogen, and then treated with UV-ozone for 15 minutes. Ag was deposited on the substrate as a metal resonant layer (evaporation, 6 nm). A 10 nm thick PTAA film was prepared on the substrate by doctor blade coating. A perovskite active layer film composed of FAPbBr3 was prepared on the PTAA film by doctor blade coating. The distance between the doctor blade and the substrate was set to 0.3 mm, and the amount of solution added was 19 ul / 9 cm. 2 (Note: 9 cm 2 The substrate temperature is set to 29°C, the scraping speed is set to 20 mm / s, and the wind knife speed is set to 3.5 m / s. The film thickness range is 639 ~ 545 nm. Figure 6 As shown. Evaporation C 60 The electron transport layer is 40 nm thick, and the evaporated Cu electrode is 90 nm thick. The fabricated laser cell is continuously adjustable in the spatial energy transmission wavelength range (581 to 626 nm), with a theoretical laser energy transmission efficiency of 39.8%.

[0065] The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are used to illustrate the present invention and are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of protection of the claims shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser battery for space energy transmission, characterized by: It includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a metal resonance layer, a hole transport layer, a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal top electrode, which are stacked in sequence. The metal resonance layer between the transparent conductive layer and the hole transport layer is translucent, and the metal top electrode is non-transparent. The light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonance layer and the metal top electrode is within the laser adjustment wavelength range. The photoactive layer is a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer is scraped on the hole transport layer to form a specific thickness gradient. The thickness of the active layer is adjusted by scraping to control the response peak, so that the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity can be continuously adjusted within a preset range. During the scraping process of the perovskite layer, the film thickness gradient is amplified by increasing the substrate temperature, increasing the solution concentration, etc.

2. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent conductive layer is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and has a thickness of 100-600 nm; or, the transparent conductive layer is integrated with the substrate.

3. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, wherein: The metal resonance layer is made of one of gold Au, silver Ag, and copper Cu, and its thickness is 5~15nm; The metal resonance layer is made of a metal material with relatively high reflectivity and electrical conductivity.

4. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, wherein: The hole transport material used in the hole transport layer includes triphenylamine derivatives, PTAA, cuprous thiocyanate CuSCN, nickel oxide NiO x , cuprous iodide CuI, poly (3-hexylthiophene) P3HT, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT:PSS, the thickness of which is 10~200 nm, and the hole transport layer transports holes to the corresponding electrode.

5. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, wherein: The electron transport layer uses one of titanium dioxide TiO2, tin dioxide SnO2, zinc oxide ZnO, C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester PCBM, and cadmium sulfide CdS, and its thickness is 10~200nm. The electron transport layer is used to transfer electrons to the corresponding electrode.

6. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoactive layer adopts ABX3 type three-dimensional perovskite, wherein the positive monovalent cation A is methylamine MA + , formamidine FA + , potassium K + , rubidium Rb + , Cesium Cs + Any ion or combination of any ions in the formula; the divalent metal cation B is lead Pb 2+ ,Ge 2+ , tin 2+ Any ion or combination of any ions; negative monovalent anion X, chlorine Cl - , bromine Br - , iodine I - The thickness of any one ion or any combination of several ions can be selected to be 400nm~410nm according to the laser band used.

7. The laser battery for space energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positions of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer can be interchanged to realize a positive nip structure or an inverted pin structure.

8. The method for preparing a laser cell for space energy transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: S1, on ITO conductive glass, on ITO or FTO conductive glass, prepare an ultra-thin metal resonance layer by vacuum thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering and other processes, the metal material is one of gold Au, silver Ag, copper Cu, and its thickness is 5~15nm; S2, heat treating the metal resonance layer grown in S1; S3, knife coating of the hole transport layer immediately after the heat treatment in S2; S4, scraping a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer, and providing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer; S5, growing the laser cell metal top electrode on the upper section of the electron transport layer to serve as the rear end of the metal microcavity; Among them, in step S2, the light field distribution inside the device is simulated by optical calculation software, and the response wavelength of the optical resonant cavity formed by the metal resonant layer and the metal top electrode is controlled and adjusted within the laser adjustment range, the thickness of the metal resonant layer is adjusted, and the thickness gradient of the scraped perovskite layer in step S4 is controlled.

9. The method for preparing a laser cell for space energy transmission according to claim 8, wherein: In step S4, when the perovskite layer is formed by scraping, the film thickness gradient is regulated and amplified by increasing the substrate temperature and the solution concentration.

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