A three-dimensional test loading device and method for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement

Abstract

The present invention provides a three-dimensional test loading device and method for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of out-of-plane cable arrangement, and belongs to the field of test loading. The present invention solves the problem that the existing loading device cannot bypass the obstruction of the cable-supporting system to perform multi-point synchronous loading on the upper nodes of the lattice shell during the whole process of structural instability. The device comprises support columns, boundary ring beams, foundation bottom beams, loading cages, force sensors and vertical hydraulic jacks. The support columns are evenly arranged around the boundary ring beams. The out-of-plane cable-supported lattice shell specimen is fixedly connected to the boundary ring beams through supports. The lower end face of the boundary ring beam is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support columns. The foundation bottom beam is arranged below the out-of-plane cable-supported lattice shell specimen. A vertical hydraulic jack is fixedly connected to the foundation bottom beam. The force distribution mechanism comprises multi-stage distribution beams and multi-stage distribution rods arranged from bottom to top. Each level of distribution beam is connected to the corresponding level of distribution rods through a hinge mechanism. The present invention is suitable for loading a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of out-of-plane cable arrangement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of test loading, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional test loading device and method for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of external cable arrangement. Background Art

[0002] The cable-braced lattice shell is a new type of hybrid prestressed spatial structural system with reasonable force and beautiful appearance. Reliable stability research is the key factor to ensure the safe application of this structural system. At present, model testing is one of the most effective means to observe the mechanical properties of structures, but the lattice shell structure generally adopts heavy object loading, and it is impossible to obtain the mechanical performance of the structure in the stage of reduced bearing capacity after instability. In addition, due to the obstruction of the out-of-plane cable bracing system in the structure, the existing loading method cannot perform multi-point synchronous and uniform loading on the upper lattice shell nodes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test device that can perform multi-point synchronous loading during the entire instability process of the out-of-plane cross-cable lattice shell. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a three-dimensional test loading device and method for monitoring the entire process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement, so as to solve the problem that the existing loading device is unable to bypass the obstruction of the cable-supporting system to perform multi-point synchronous loading on the upper nodes of the lattice shell during the entire process of structural instability.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution created by the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in an out-of-plane cable arrangement form, comprising a supporting column, a boundary ring beam, a foundation bottom beam, a loading cage, a force sensor and a vertical hydraulic jack, wherein a plurality of supporting columns are provided and are evenly arranged around the boundary ring beam, a test piece of the out-of-plane cable-supported lattice shell is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam through a support, a lower end surface of the boundary ring beam is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the supporting column, a plurality of lower ends of the supporting columns are fixed to a ground trough, the foundation bottom beam is provided below the out-of-plane cable-supported lattice shell test piece, a lower end surface of the foundation bottom beam is vertically fixedly connected to the ground trough, a vertical hydraulic jack is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the foundation bottom beam at the center position, and a force distribution mechanism comprises a multi-stage distribution beam and a multi-stage distribution rod arranged from bottom to top, each stage of the distribution beam is rotationally connected to the corresponding stage of the distribution rod through a hinge mechanism, and both ends of the distribution beam of each stage are rotationally connected to a distribution rod through a hinge mechanism;

[0006] A force sensor is provided between the vertical hydraulic jack and the distribution beam located at the lowest level of the force distribution mechanism. The upper ends of the distribution rods located at the upper level are rotatably connected to a loading cage through a hinge mechanism. All loading cages pass through the lower-level support rods and cables of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen to fix the upper end of the loading cage to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen.

[0007] Furthermore, the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen includes nine upper nodes, and correspondingly, nine loading cages and distribution rods connected to the loading cages are provided, the multi-stage distribution beams include a primary distribution beam, a secondary distribution beam, a tertiary distribution beam and a quaternary distribution beam, and the multi-stage distribution rods include a primary distribution rod, a secondary distribution rod, a tertiary distribution rod and a quaternary distribution rod;

[0008] The two ends of the first-level distribution beam are respectively connected to a first-level distribution rod, the upper end of the first-level distribution rod is respectively connected to the bottom end surface of a second-level distribution beam, the two ends of each second-level distribution beam are respectively connected to a second-level distribution rod, the upper end of the second-level distribution rod located at the most central position is connected to a loading cage, the upper ends of the remaining three second-level distribution rods are respectively connected to a third-level distribution beam, and the two ends of each third-level distribution beam are respectively connected to a third-level distribution rod, wherein the four third-level distribution rods on two third-level distribution beams are respectively connected to a loading cage, the two third-level distribution rods on another third-level distribution beam are respectively connected to a fourth-level distribution beam, a fourth-level distribution rod is connected to the two ends of each fourth-level distribution beam, and the upper ends of the two fourth-level distribution rods are respectively connected to a loading cage; the connection position of each level of distribution rod and the distribution beam of the previous level is determined according to the force distribution relationship.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower end surface of the force sensor is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the vertical hydraulic jack through a flange connector, and the upper end of the force sensor is rotatably connected to the primary distribution beam through a short pipe connector.

[0010] Furthermore, the flange connector includes a flange, a threaded screw and a bolt. The lower end face of the threaded screw is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the flange. The flange is fixedly connected to the flange at the upper end of the vertical hydraulic jack by bolts. The threaded screw is connected to the threaded sleeve at the bottom of the force sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, the short tube connecting piece includes a connecting short tube, an upper steel partition, a lower steel partition, a threaded screw, a first pin, a first intermediate ear plate and two first side ear plates. The upper steel partition and the lower steel partition are respectively fixed on the upper and lower end faces of the connecting short tube, the lower end face of the lower steel partition is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the threaded screw, the upper end face of the upper steel partition is fixedly connected to the ends of the two first side ear plates, the first pin is inserted in the center of the first intermediate ear plate and the two first side ear plates, the threaded screw is connected to the threaded sleeve on the upper part of the force sensor, and the upper end face of the first intermediate ear plate is vertically fixedly connected to the lower end face of the primary distribution beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the articulated mechanism includes a steel partition, a second pin, a second intermediate ear plate and two second side ear plates. The upper end surface of the steel partition is fixedly connected to the ends of the two second side ear plates. The second pin is inserted in the center of the second intermediate ear plate and the two second side ear plates. In the articulated mechanism between the distribution beam and the distribution rod, the steel partition is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod, and the end of the second intermediate ear plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the corresponding distribution beam; in the articulated mechanism between the distribution rod and the loading cage, the steel partition is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod, and the end of the second intermediate ear plate is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the loading cage.

[0013] Furthermore, the loading cage includes a top node plate, an intermediate node plate, a bottom node plate, a pin, an upper angle steel with holes at both ends, a lower angle steel with holes at both ends, beveled square steel pipes at both ends and a steel plate base, the steel plate base is installed on the second intermediate ear plate of the corresponding hinged mechanism, the bottom node plate is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the steel plate base, the two sides of the center of the intermediate node plate are fixed together with the beveled square steel pipes at both ends to form a square frame, the lower angle steel with holes at both ends are rotatably connected to the intermediate node plate and the bottom node plate respectively through pins, the upper angle steel with holes at both ends are rotatably connected to the intermediate node plate and the top node plate respectively through pins to form an octahedral prism frame mechanism, and the top node plate is fixed to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen by opening and closing the upper angle steel with holes at both ends to bypass the lower support rods and cables in the cable-supported lattice shell specimen.

[0014] Furthermore, the boundary ring beam includes a perforated I-beam and a rectangular stiffening rib plate, the upper surface of the I-beam is provided with bolt holes at the position of the specimen support, the lower surface of the I-beam is provided with bolt holes at the position of the supporting column, the bottom surface of the specimen support is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam by bolts, and the lower end surface of the boundary ring beam is fixedly connected to the column top steel plate of the supporting column by bolts.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower surface of the foundation bottom beam is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the ground trough by anchor bolts, and the upper surface of the foundation bottom beam has a hole and is fixedly connected to the flange at the lower end of the vertical hydraulic jack by bolts.

[0016] Another aspect of the present application provides a working method of a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Level the test site, locate and set up supporting columns according to the size of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen;

[0018] Step 2: Fix the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam by bolts, and hoist the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen and the boundary ring beam together to the top of the supporting column for connection;

[0019] Step 3: Connect the top node plate of the loading cage to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen, and install the distribution beams and distribution rods of each level from top to bottom, and then install the force sensor and vertical hydraulic jack under the last level of distribution beam, and finally fix the loading device to the ground trough through the foundation bottom beam;

[0020] Step 4: synchronously load the upper nodes of the external cable lattice shell specimen by controlling the vertical hydraulic jack, and collect test data through the force sensor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of the cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement created by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement described in the present invention adopts a jack connected with a hinged three-dimensional distribution beam and a distribution rod to ensure that the load direction distributed to the lattice shell node by the jack is always vertically downward.

[0023] (2) The three-dimensional test loading device described in the present invention is used to monitor the whole process of instability of the cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement. By changing the length of the obliquely cut square steel tubes at both ends of the loading cage and adjusting the inclination angle of the open angle steels at both ends, the axial internal force transmitted by the device points to the center of the lattice shell node, thereby avoiding the secondary bending moment caused by load eccentricity.

[0024] (3) The three-dimensional test loading device described in the present invention is used for monitoring the whole process of instability of the cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement. By adjusting the connection position of each level of distribution rods and the upper level distribution beam, the length ratio of the force arm of the left and right sections on the distribution beam is changed, so that the force loading of a jack can be used to load multiple nodes in the lattice shell structure uniformly or non-uniformly at the same time.

[0025] (4) The three-dimensional test loading device described in the present invention for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cables can observe the structural behavior in the stage of load-bearing capacity reduction by unloading the jack after the lattice shell specimen buckles.

[0026] (5) The loading cage of the three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of the cable-supported lattice shell with out-of-plane cable arrangement described in the present invention adopts an octahedral prism frame form, which can bypass the obstruction of the support rods and cables in the cable-supported lattice shell with out-of-plane cable arrangement and distribute the load to the lattice nodes on the upper layer of the specimen.

[0027] (6) The three-dimensional test loading device described in the present invention is used for monitoring the whole process of instability of the cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement. By changing the length of the top distribution rod, the stability of the lattice shell specimens with different curved surface shapes such as cylinders and spheres can be tested throughout the whole process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The drawings constituting part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage distribution beam and a distribution rod in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a flange connector in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the entire process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a short tube connector in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an articulated mechanism in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a loading cage in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a boundary ring beam in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the entire process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection between the boundary ring beam, the support column and the specimen support in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of a foundation bottom beam in a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the entire process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of external cable arrangement as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Ground trough; 2. Foundation bottom beam; 3. Vertical hydraulic jack; 4. Flange connector; 4-1. Flange; 4-2. Threaded screw; 4-3. Bolt; 5. Force sensor; 6. Short pipe connector; 6-1. Connecting short pipe; 6-2. Upper steel partition; 6-3. First side ear plate; 6-4. First pin; 6-5. First middle ear plate; 6-6. Lower steel partition; 6-7. Threaded screw; 7. Distribution beam; 7-1. First level distribution beam; 7-2. Second level distribution beam; 7-3. Third level distribution beam; 7-4. Fourth level distribution beam; 8. Articulated mechanism; 8-1. Steel partition; 8-2, second pin; 8-3, second middle ear plate; 8-4, second side ear plate; 9, supporting column; 10, boundary ring beam; 10-1, perforated I-beam; 10-2, rectangular stiffening rib plate; 11, support; 12, distribution rod; 12-4, distribution rod; 13, loading cage; 13-1, top node plate; 13-2, bottom node plate; 13-3, angle steel with holes at both ends of the lower part; 13-4, pin; 13-5, middle node plate; 13-6, obliquely cut square steel pipes at both ends; 13-7, angle steel with holes at both ends of the upper part; 13-8, top node plate; 14, anchor bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell in the form of an out-of-plane cable arrangement comprises a support column 9, a boundary ring beam 10, a foundation bottom beam 2, a loading cage 13, a force sensor 5 and a vertical hydraulic jack 3. The support columns 9 are provided in plurality and are evenly arranged around the boundary ring beam 10. The out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam 10 through a support 11. The lower end surface of the boundary ring beam 10 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the support column 9. The lower ends of the support columns 9 are fixed to the ground trough. 1, the foundation bottom beam 2 is arranged below the out-of-plane cable grid shell specimen, the lower end face of the foundation bottom beam 2 is vertically fixed to the ground trough 1, and the upper end face of the center position of the foundation bottom beam 2 is fixed with a vertical hydraulic jack 3, and the force distribution mechanism includes a multi-stage distribution beam 7 and a multi-stage distribution rod 12 arranged from bottom to top, and each stage of the distribution beam 7 is rotatably connected to the corresponding distribution rod 12 through a hinge mechanism 8, and the two ends of each stage of the distribution beam are rotatably connected to a distribution rod through a hinge mechanism 8;

[0045] A force sensor 5 is provided between the vertical hydraulic jack 3 and the distribution beam at the lowest level of the force distribution mechanism. The upper ends of the distribution rods at the upper level are rotatably connected to a loading cage 13 through a hinge mechanism 8. All loading cages 13 pass through the lower-level support rods and cables of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen, and the upper ends of the loading cages 13 are fixedly connected to the upper nodes of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen.

[0046] Such a design enables the total tension applied by the vertical hydraulic jack 3 to be synchronously and evenly distributed to each node of the lattice shell specimen through the hinged spatial distribution beam 7 and distribution rod 12 system, ensuring that the direction of the load applied during the loading process is always vertically downward; in the stage of decreasing structural bearing capacity, the post-buckling mechanical behavior of the lattice shell specimen can be observed by unloading the vertical hydraulic jack 3.

[0047] The out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen includes nine upper nodes, and correspondingly, nine loading cages and distribution rods connected to the loading cages are provided, the multi-stage distribution beam 7 of the force distribution mechanism includes a primary distribution beam 7-1, a secondary distribution beam 7-2, a tertiary distribution beam 7-3 and a quaternary distribution beam 7-4, and the multi-stage distribution rod 12 includes a primary distribution rod 12-1, a secondary distribution rod 12-2, a tertiary distribution rod 12-3 and a quaternary distribution rod 12-4;

[0048] The two ends of the first-level distribution beam 7-1 are connected to a first-level distribution rod 12-1, the upper end of the first-level distribution rod 12-1 is connected to the bottom surface of a second-level distribution beam 7-2, the two ends of each second-level distribution beam 7-2 are connected to a second-level distribution rod 12-2, the upper end of the second-level distribution rod 12-2 located at the most central position is connected to a loading cage, the upper ends of the remaining three second-level distribution rods are connected to a third-level distribution beam 7-3, the two ends of each third-level distribution beam 7-3 are connected to a third-level distribution rod 12-3, wherein the four third-level distribution rods on two third-level distribution beams are connected to a loading cage, the two third-level distribution rods on another third-level distribution beam are connected to a fourth-level distribution beam, the two ends of each fourth-level distribution beam 7-4 are connected to a fourth-level distribution rod 12-4, and the upper ends of the two fourth-level distribution rods 12-4 are connected to a loading cage. The connection position of each level of distribution rod and the distribution beam of the previous level is determined according to the force distribution relationship.

[0049] Such a design facilitates determining the connection position of each level distribution rod 12 and the upper level distribution beam 7 according to the force distribution relationship, so that the force of the vertical hydraulic jack 3 is transmitted upward step by step, and uniform or non-uniform synchronous loading is achieved on multiple nodes in the lattice shell structure. The above-mentioned force distribution mechanism belongs to uniform loading.

[0050] The lower end surface of the force sensor 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the vertical hydraulic jack 3 through a flange connector 4, and the upper end of the force sensor 5 is rotatably connected to the primary distribution beam 7-1 through a short pipe connector 6.

[0051] The flange connector 4 includes a flange 4-1, a threaded screw 4-2 and a bolt 4-3, the lower end surface of the threaded screw 4-2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the flange 4-1, the flange 4-1 is fixedly connected to the flange at the upper end of the vertical hydraulic jack 3 through the bolt 4-3, and the threaded screw 4-2 is connected to the threaded sleeve at the lower part of the force sensor 5. Such a design facilitates the effective fixing of the force sensor 5 and the real-time observation of the pulling force applied by the jack 3.

[0052] The short tube connector 6 includes a connecting short tube 6-1, an upper steel partition 6-2, a lower steel partition 6-6, a threaded screw 6-7, a first pin 6-4, a first intermediate ear plate 6-5 and two first side ear plates 6-3. The upper steel partition 6-2 and the lower steel partition 6-6 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower end surfaces of the connecting short tube 6-1. The lower end surface of the lower steel partition 6-6 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the threaded screw 6-7. The upper end surface of the upper steel partition 6-2 is fixedly connected to the ends of the two first side ear plates 6-3. The first pin 6-4 is inserted in the center of the first intermediate ear plate 6-5 and the two first side ear plates 6-3. The threaded screw 6-7 is connected to the threaded sleeve on the upper part of the force sensor 5. The upper end surface of the first intermediate ear plate 6-5 is vertically fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the primary distribution beam 7-1. Such a design allows the tension measured on the force sensor 5 to be effectively transmitted to the primary distribution beam 7-1.

[0053] The articulated mechanism 8 includes a steel partition 8-1, a second pin 8-2, a second intermediate ear plate 8-3 and two second side ear plates 8-4. The upper end surface of the steel partition 8-1 is fixedly connected to the ends of the two second side ear plates 8-4. The second pin 8-2 is inserted in the center of the second intermediate ear plate 8-3 and the two second side ear plates 8-4. In the articulated mechanism 8 between the distribution beam 7 and the distribution rod 12, the steel partition 8-1 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod, and the end of the second intermediate ear plate 8-3 is fixedly connected to the surface of the corresponding distribution beam. In the articulated mechanism 8 between the distribution rod 12 and the loading cage 13, the steel partition 8-1 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod 12, and the end of the second intermediate ear plate 8-3 is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the loading cage 13.

[0054] The loading cage 13 includes a top node plate 13-8, an intermediate node plate 13-5, a bottom node plate 13-2, a pin 13-4, an upper angle steel with holes at both ends 13-7, a lower angle steel with holes at both ends 13-3, an obliquely cut square steel pipe 13-6 at both ends and a steel plate base 13-1. The steel plate base 13-1 is installed on the second intermediate ear plate 8-3 of the corresponding hinge mechanism 8. The bottom node plate 13-2 is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the steel plate base 13-1. The two sides of the center of the intermediate node plate 13-5 are fixed to the obliquely cut square steel pipe 13-6 at both ends. Connected together to form a square frame, the lower two-end hole angle steel 13-3 is rotatably connected to the middle node plate 13-5 and the bottom node plate 13-2 through the pin 13-4, and the upper two-end hole angle steel 13-7 is rotatably connected to the middle node plate 13-5 and the top node plate 13-8 through the pin 13-4 to form an octahedral prism frame mechanism. By opening and closing the upper two-end hole angle steel 13-7, the lower layer of struts and cables in the cable-supported lattice shell specimen are bypassed, and the top node plate 13-8 is fixedly connected to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable-laying lattice shell specimen. Such a design is convenient for changing the length of the oblique square steel tube 13-6 at both ends and adjusting the inclination angle of the two-end hole angle steel 13-7, so that the axial internal force transmitted by it points to the center of the lattice shell node, avoiding the secondary bending moment caused by load eccentricity; bypassing the obstruction of the struts and cables in the cable-supported lattice shell in the out-of-plane cable-laying form through the loading cage, the load is distributed to the lattice shell nodes of the upper layer of the specimen.

[0055] The boundary ring beam 10 includes a perforated I-beam 10-1 and a rectangular stiffening rib plate 10-2. Bolt holes are opened on the upper surface of the I-beam 10-1 at the position of the specimen support 11, and bolt holes are opened on the lower surface of the I-beam 10-1 at the position of the support column 9. The bottom surface of the specimen support 11 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam 10 by bolts, and the lower end surface of the boundary ring beam 10 is fixedly connected to the column top steel plate of the support column 9 by bolts. Such a design facilitates the assembly between the support column 9, the boundary ring beam 10 and the lattice shell specimen, and is flexible and practical, and can perform full-process stability tests on different types of cable-supported lattice shell specimens.

[0056] The lower surface of the foundation bottom beam 2 is fixed to the upper surface of the ground trough 1 through the anchor bolts 14, and the upper surface of the foundation bottom beam 2 is opened and fixed to the flange plate at the lower end of the vertical hydraulic jack 3 through bolts. Such a design facilitates the effective fixation of the foundation bottom beam 2 and the vertical hydraulic jack 3, and determines the installation position of the lattice shell specimen accordingly.

[0057] The working process of the loading device of the present application is: specifically comprising the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Level the test site, locate and set up support columns 9 according to the size of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen;

[0059] Step 2: Fix the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam 10 by bolts, and hoist the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen and the boundary ring beam 10 together to the top end of the support column 9 for connection;

[0060] Step 3: Connect the top node plate 13-8 of the loading cage to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen, and install the distribution beams 7 and distribution rods 12 of each level from top to bottom, and then install the force sensor 5 and the vertical hydraulic jack 3 under the last level of distribution beam, and finally fix the loading device to the ground trough 1 through the foundation bottom beam 2;

[0061] Step 4: synchronously load the upper nodes of the external cable lattice shell specimen by controlling the vertical hydraulic jack 3 , and collect test data through the force sensor 5 .

[0062] The above disclosed embodiments of the invention are only used to help explain the invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the invention well.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement, characterized in that: The invention comprises a supporting column (9), a boundary ring beam (10), a foundation bottom beam (2), a loading cage (13), a force sensor (5) and a vertical hydraulic jack (3), wherein a plurality of supporting columns (9) are provided and are evenly arranged around the boundary ring beam (10), the out-of-plane cable grid shell specimen is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam (10) through a support (11), the lower end surface of the boundary ring beam (10) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the supporting column (9), the lower ends of the plurality of supporting columns (9) are fixed on the ground trough (1), and the foundation bottom beam (2) is provided at a position adjacent to the supporting column (9). Below the out-of-plane cable grid shell specimen, the lower end face of the foundation bottom beam (2) is vertically fixed to the ground trough (1), the upper end face at the center of the foundation bottom beam (2) is fixed to a vertical hydraulic jack (3), and the force distribution mechanism comprises a multi-stage distribution beam (7) and a multi-stage distribution rod (12) arranged from bottom to top, each stage of the distribution beam (7) is rotatably connected to the corresponding stage of the distribution rod (12) via a hinge mechanism (8), and both ends of each stage of the distribution beam are rotatably connected to a distribution rod via a hinge mechanism (8); A force sensor (5) is provided between the vertical hydraulic jack (3) and the distribution beam at the bottom layer of the force distribution mechanism, and the upper ends of the distribution rods at the upper layer are rotatably connected to a loading cage (13) via a hinge mechanism (8), and all the loading cages (13) pass through the lower layer support rods and cables of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen, so that the upper ends of the loading cages (13) are fixedly connected to the upper layer nodes of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen; The loading cage (13) comprises a top node plate (13-8), an intermediate node plate (13-5), a bottom node plate (13-2), a pin (13-4), an upper angle steel with holes at both ends (13-7), a lower angle steel with holes at both ends (13-3), an obliquely cut square steel pipe (13-6) at both ends and a steel plate base (13-1). The steel plate base (13-1) is mounted on the second intermediate ear plate (8-3) of the corresponding hinge mechanism (8). The bottom node plate (13-2) is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the steel plate base (13-1). The two sides of the center of the intermediate node plate (13-5) are connected to the obliquely cut square steel pipe (13-6) at both ends. 3-6) are fixed together to form a square frame, the open angle steels (13-3) at the lower ends are rotatably connected to the middle node plate (13-5) and the bottom node plate (13-2) through pins (13-4), and the open angle steels (13-7) at the upper ends are rotatably connected to the middle node plate (13-5) and the top node plate (13-8) through pins (13-4) to form an octahedral prism frame mechanism, and the open angle steels (13-7) at the upper ends are opened and closed to bypass the lower support rods and cables in the cable-supported lattice shell specimen, and the top node plate (13-8) is fixedly connected to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen.

2. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen includes nine upper nodes, and correspondingly, nine loading cages and distribution rods connected to the loading cages are set; The multi-stage distribution beam (7) comprises a first-stage distribution beam (7-1), a second-stage distribution beam (7-2), a third-stage distribution beam (7-3) and a fourth-stage distribution beam (7-4); the multi-stage distribution rod (12) comprises a first-stage distribution rod (12-1), a second-stage distribution rod (12-2), a third-stage distribution rod (12-3) and a fourth-stage distribution rod (12-4); The two ends of the first-level distribution beam (7-1) are respectively connected to a first-level distribution rod (12-1), the upper end of the first-level distribution rod (12-1) is respectively connected to the bottom end surface of a second-level distribution beam (7-2), the two ends of each second-level distribution beam (7-2) are respectively connected to a second-level distribution rod (12-2), the upper end of the second-level distribution rod (12-2) located at the most central position is connected to a loading cage, the upper ends of the remaining three second-level distribution rods are respectively connected to a third-level distribution beam (7-3), and the two ends of each third-level distribution beam (7-3) are respectively connected to a third-level distribution rod (12-3), wherein the four third-level distribution rods on two third-level distribution beams are respectively connected to a loading cage, the two third-level distribution rods on another third-level distribution beam are respectively connected to a fourth-level distribution beam, the two ends of each fourth-level distribution beam (7-4) are respectively connected to a fourth-level distribution rod (12-4), and the upper ends of the two fourth-level distribution rods (12-4) are respectively connected to a loading cage; the connection position of each level of distribution rod and the distribution beam of the previous level is determined according to the force distribution relationship.

3. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the force sensor (5) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the vertical hydraulic jack (3) via a flange connector (4), and the upper end of the force sensor (5) is rotatably connected to the primary distribution beam (7-1) via a short pipe connector (6).

4. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flange connecting member (4) comprises a flange (4-1), a threaded screw (4-2) and a bolt (4-3); the lower end surface of the threaded screw (4-2) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the flange (4-1); the flange (4-1) is fixedly connected to the flange at the upper end of the vertical hydraulic jack (3) via the bolt (4-3); and the threaded screw (4-2) is connected to a threaded sleeve at the lower part of the force sensor (5).

5. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that: The short tube connector (6) comprises a connecting short tube (6-1), an upper steel baffle (6-2), a lower steel baffle (6-6), a threaded screw (6-7), a first pin (6-4), a first intermediate ear plate (6-5) and two first side ear plates (6-3). The upper steel baffle (6-2) and the lower steel baffle (6-6) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower end surfaces of the connecting short tube (6-1). The lower end surface of the lower steel baffle (6-6) is connected to the threaded screw ( The upper end surface of the upper steel partition (6-2) is fixedly connected to the ends of the two first side ear plates (6-3), the first pin (6-4) is inserted in the center of the first intermediate ear plate (6-5) and the two first side ear plates (6-3), the threaded screw (6-7) is connected to the threaded sleeve on the upper part of the force sensor (5), and the upper end surface of the first intermediate ear plate (6-5) is vertically fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the primary distribution beam (7-1).

6. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge mechanism (8) comprises a steel partition (8-1), a second pin (8-2), a second intermediate ear plate (8-3) and two second side ear plates (8-4); the upper end surface of the steel partition (8-1) is fixedly connected to the ends of the two second side ear plates (8-4); the second pin (8-2) is inserted in the center of the second intermediate ear plate (8-3) and the two second side ear plates (8-4); in the hinge mechanism (8) between the distribution beam (7) and the distribution rod (12), the steel partition (8-1) is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod, and the end of the second intermediate ear plate (8-3) is fixedly connected to the surface of the corresponding distribution beam; in the hinge mechanism (8) between the distribution rod (12) and the loading cage (13), the steel partition (8-1) is fixedly connected to the end surface of the corresponding distribution rod (12), and the end of the second intermediate ear plate (8-3) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the loading cage (13).

7. A three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boundary ring beam (10) comprises a perforated I-beam (10-1) and a rectangular stiffening rib plate (10-2); a bolt hole is formed on the upper surface of the I-beam (10-1) at the position of the specimen support (11); a bolt hole is formed on the lower surface of the I-beam (10-1) at the position of the supporting column (9); the bottom surface of the specimen support (11) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam (10) by bolts; and the lower end surface of the boundary ring beam (10) is fixedly connected to the column top steel plate of the supporting column (9) by bolts.

8. The three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to claim 1 is characterized by: The lower surface of the foundation bottom beam (2) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the ground trough (1) through anchor bolts (14); the upper surface of the foundation bottom beam (2) has a hole and is fixedly connected to the flange at the lower end of the vertical hydraulic jack (3) through bolts.

9. A working method of a three-dimensional test loading device for monitoring the whole process of instability of a cable-supported lattice shell with external cable arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Level the test site, locate and set up supporting columns (9) according to the size of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen; Step 2: fix the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen to the upper end surface of the boundary ring beam (10) by means of bolts, and hoist the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen and the boundary ring beam (10) together to the top end of the support column 9 for connection; Step 3: Connect the top node plate of the loading cage to the upper node of the out-of-plane cable lattice shell specimen, and install the distribution beams (7) and distribution rods (12) of each level in sequence from top to bottom, and then install the force sensor (5) and the vertical hydraulic jack (3) under the last level of distribution beam, and finally fix the loading device to the ground trough (1) through the foundation bottom beam (2); Step 4: Control the vertical hydraulic jack (3) to synchronously load the upper nodes of the surface external cable lattice shell specimen, and collect test data through the force sensor (5).

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