A three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector

Abstract

The application is a kind of three-vortex-frequency-shaking high-efficiency solar water collector, which comprises a solar heat collecting system, a light angle intelligent adjusting mechanism and a water supply system, wherein the solar heat collecting system is connected with the water supply system, and the light angle intelligent adjusting mechanism can automatically adjust the light angle of the solar heat collecting system. A plurality of vortex fins spirally distributed along the inner wall are arranged in the inner vortex fin heat collecting pipe in the solar heat collecting system, forming a spiral vortex flow channel for the water flow in the heat collecting pipe. A plurality of frequency-shaking impact vortex fan devices are arranged at a plurality of pipe joints of the pipeline. The heat collecting pipe with vortex fins and the frequency-shaking impact vortex fan devices at the pipe joints form a heat collecting pipeline. Under the driving of the water pump, the water in the pipeline flows to form a spiral vortex flow and a frequency-shaking impact motion state, and the light radiation energy transferred by the heat collecting pipe is received in this frequency-shaking vortex flow state, so as to achieve a high-efficiency and high-speed heat collecting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar water collectors, and in particular to a three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, solar water collectors are widely used in both residential and industrial applications. Domestic and international solar water collectors are basically based on four types: flat-plate collectors, line-focusing (trough) collectors, surface-focusing (tower) collectors, and point-focusing (dish) collectors. Flat-plate and trough solar water collectors are currently the most commonly used and have the highest thermal efficiency. However, the highest thermal efficiency achievable with current solar water collector technology has stagnated at around 65%. So what are the reasons that limit further improvement in solar water collector efficiency? There are three main reasons:

[0003] The significant difference in thermal conductivity between the collector, the collecting material, and water results in rapid absorption of solar radiation on the surface of the collector tube, rapid heat conduction through the metal tube wall, and slow heat conduction through water. As a result, the solar radiation heat energy accumulated on the surface of the metal collector tube is both conducted inwards and emitted outwards, causing energy loss. The principle of a solar water collector is that solar radiation acts on the collector tube, which simultaneously absorbs the solar radiation heat energy onto its wall. The water inside the collector tube then conducts the heat energy absorbed by the tube wall to the water body within the tube. The water body continuously receives conducted heat from the tube wall, raising its temperature to the desired level. The sun transfers energy to the collector tube wall through radiation. Heat radiation travels fastest through the black collector tube. The collector tube transfers heat to the water via thermal conduction between the metal or glass tube walls. The rate of this heat transfer is determined by the thermal conductivity of the collector material. The thermal conductivity of the collector tube material differs greatly from that of water. Collector tubes are typically made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, or glass. The thermal conductivity of these materials at room temperature are 17 [W / (mk)], 380 [W / (mk)], 160 [W / (mk)], and 1.0 [W / (mk)], respectively. Water's thermal conductivity at 20 degrees Celsius is only 0.599 [W / (mk)]. Clearly, compared to the high thermal conductivity of copper, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel, water's heat transfer rate is much slower. Solar radiation causes the collector tube wall to heat up quickly, while water's temperature rises slowly due to its low thermal conductivity. In this way, the solar thermal energy accumulated on the walls of the collector tubes cannot be quickly absorbed by the water. When the temperature of the tube walls exceeds the ambient temperature of the collector tubes, the collector tubes, being a material, emit and transfer heat energy outwards. This emitted heat energy is the heat loss of the solar water collector. Therefore, solar water collectors cannot obtain complete solar radiation heat energy from the sun.

[0004] Therefore, eliminating the thermal conductivity difference between water and the collector tubes is crucial to improving the solar collector's efficiency. With a constant water volume and collector tube thermal conductivity, the most direct way to reduce the thermal conductivity difference between the tubes and water is to increase the contact area between the tube wall and the water, increasing the water flow rate within the tube and extending the contact time between the water and the tube wall, thereby increasing the water's heat absorption rate. Two other factors also affect the solar water collector's efficiency: First, the change in the projection angle of sunlight onto the concentrator affects the collector's performance. Generally, the collector receives the most radiation when the light is perpendicular to the concentrator array's cross-section. For horizontally laid solar collector tube concentrator arrays, if a fixed angle of incidence is preset, the angle of incidence will constantly change due to the rising and setting of the sun, causing the received radiation from the concentrator to deviate from the focal line as the angle of incidence changes. This deviation will result in the loss of some light energy; secondly, scale is prone to form on the collector tubes. The main components of scale are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc. The thermal conductivity of these substances is much lower than that of metal tubes. Scale formation will seriously affect the heat transfer from the collector tubes to the water in the tubes.

[0005] This invention is a technological innovation aimed at addressing three problems that currently limit the heat collection efficiency of solar water collectors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-vortex frequency-vibration high-efficiency solar water collector, which can maximize the area of ​​solar radiation and, with the water volume remaining constant, increase the contact area between the collector tube and the water, increase the water flow within the tube, and increase the contact time between the water and the tube wall, thereby increasing the water's heat absorption rate. It can also effectively remove scale from the tube wall, solving the problem of poor thermal conductivity. Under the frequency-vibration vortex state, due to the vortex effect and water hammer effect, the intense friction between the water and the tube wall, especially the intense collision and compression between molecules, will also generate a certain amount of self-generated heat to further improve the thermal efficiency of the solar water collector.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0008] A three-vortex frequency-vibration high-efficiency solar water collector includes a solar collector system, an intelligent light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism, and a water supply system. The solar collector system is connected to the water supply system. The intelligent light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism can automatically adjust the light-collecting angle of the solar collector system. The solar collector system includes several inner vortex collector tubes, a concentrator, an array frame, and dustproof glass. The outer wall of the inner vortex collector tubes is coated with a black coating, and a certain number of vortices are spirally distributed along the axial direction of their inner walls. Several inner vortex collector tubes are connected in series end to end, laid horizontally parallel to the ground, and fixedly connected side by side inside the concentrator. The concentrator is fixedly connected to the light-collecting surface side of the array frame, and each concentrator is fixedly connected to a piece of dustproof glass. The light-collecting angle... The intelligent adjustment mechanism includes a light-tracking intelligent controller, a bracket, a gear, a rack, and a motor. The bracket is located on the backlight side of the array frame, and one end of it is hinged to the bottom of the array frame. The light-tracking intelligent controller is fixedly connected to the upper part of the light-receiving surface of the array frame. The light-tracking intelligent controller is connected to the motor. The motor is fixedly connected to the upper part of the bracket, and its output end is fixedly connected to the gear. The gear meshes with the rack, and one end of the rack is hinged to the array frame. The water supply system includes a hot water tank, a water supply pump, and a hot water pump. The water supply pump and the hot water pump are both located in the hot water tank. The hot water tank is an insulated tank and is connected to the inner vortex fin heat collector tubes of the top row. The water supply pump is connected to the inner vortex fin heat collector tubes of the bottom row. The hot water pump delivers hot water to the user.

[0009] A frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device is built into the ends of the series-connected internal vortex collector tubes. The frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device includes a water baffle, a turbine fan, and a rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the water baffle, and the other end is rotatably connected to the turbine fan. The turbine fan consists of three turbine fan blades evenly distributed at 120°. The self-deflection angle of the turbine fan blades is 15°, and its direction is the same as the direction of water flow shear.

[0010] The water-blocking plate has three evenly distributed through holes, and the shape of the through holes is the same as that of the turbine blade.

[0011] Preferably, a reflective mirror of a certain thickness is attached to the inner wall of the light-concentrating cover.

[0012] Preferably, each of the inner vortex collector tubes is provided with a trapezoidal side support at its end, and the ends of the series-connected inner vortex collector tubes are fixed by clamp-type pipe joints to fasten the two side supports.

[0013] Preferably, the motor is a frequency-modulated drive motor, and the light-tracking intelligent controller has a built-in light tracker and controller, which can track the rising and falling height of the sun in real time and calculate it, transmit the signal to the motor, control the rotation direction of the motor, and then control and adjust the light-collecting angle of the array plate plane so that the array plate is perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum light radiation.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. The internal vortex fin solar collector tube of this invention increases the thermally conductive contact area between water and the tube wall and fins. Without increasing the tube diameter, it more than doubles the photothermal heat transfer area, meaning it increases the heat transfer contact area between the tube wall and the water flowing inside. This increased contact area accelerates the propagation of solar radiation heat energy into the water within the pipe. When the solar radiation heat received by the outer surface of the collector tube and the conductive heat received by the water inside the tube are absorbed simultaneously, the heat energy emitted by the collector tube decreases. The internally rotating vortex fins of the internal vortex fin solar collector tube force the water flow inside the tube to generate vortex flow. Compared to straight-flowing water, this vortex flow along the pipe not only increases the contact area between the water and the tube wall and vortex fins but also increases the contact time between the water and the tube wall and vortex fins, increasing the water's travel distance within the pipe. Depending on the vortex fin pitch, the vortex flow path can be increased by one or even several times the pipe length, thereby achieving a sufficient heat transfer effect and reducing heat loss.

[0016] 2. In the internal vortex collector tube of this invention, the water flow increases its travel distance and time through the pipe due to vortex motion. To ensure that the increased travel distance does not affect the flow rate, and to maintain synchronous and balanced heat conduction between the water and the pipe wall, the water velocity in the pipe must be increased. The vortex motion at a relatively high flow velocity generates significant collision friction between water molecules and direct friction with the pipe wall and vortex. These two forms of friction generate much more heat than the friction generated by water in a straight pipe under low-velocity, horizontal flow. Even at the same flow velocity and pressure, the Reynolds coefficient of the fluid vortex state and water hammer effect is several to tens of times greater than that of the horizontal flow state. Therefore, the heat generated by the vortex and turbulent motion of the water in the collector tube also helps to improve the solar thermal collection efficiency.

[0017] 3. The inner vortex heat collector tube of the present invention has a built-in frequency vibration impact turbine fan device at the tube joint. As the turbine fan rotates, the water flow in the inner vortex heat collector tube continuously overlaps and deviates from the through hole on the water baffle, forming a regular impact frequency vibration in a cycle. The frequency vibration forms a sudden water hammer, which intensifies the frictional resistance of the vortex and turbulence, increases frictional heat generation, and can prevent scale from forming in the tube, thus ensuring the heat transfer efficiency of the inner vortex heat collector tube.

[0018] 4. The concentrator in this invention can surround the inner vortex finned heat collector tube with solar radiation 360°, which is more than double the radiation receiving area compared to traditional solar water heat collector tubes that only receive solar radiation on one side. Furthermore, under the action of the intelligent light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism, the array plate can always be kept perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum light radiation and thus keep the concentrator accurately focused.

[0019] 5. The hot water tank in this invention is an insulated tank. When not in operation, all the water in the inner vortex collector tubes flows back to the insulated and heat-storing hot water tank (or water tank). At night, the water in the inner vortex collector tubes is drained without having to consider the insulation and antifreeze heating of the inner vortex collector tubes, which saves a lot of costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of an internal vortex finned heat collector tube.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the end of the internal vortex finned collector tube;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the interconnection of internal vortex finned heat collector tubes.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency-vibration impact turbofan device;

[0025] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Inner vortex collector tube, 2-Concentrating cover, 3-Array frame, 4-Dustproof glass, 5-Vortex, 6-Light tracking intelligent controller, 7-Bracket, 8-Gear, 9-Rack, 10-Motor, 11-Hot water tank, 12-Water supply pump, 13-Hot water pump, 14-Side support, 15-Clamp-type pipe joint, 16-Water baffle, 17-Turbine fan blade, 18-Rotating shaft, 19-Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is a detailed description of this design scheme with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figures 1-5As shown, a three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector includes a solar thermal system, a light-collecting angle intelligent adjustment mechanism, and a water supply system. The solar thermal system is connected to the water supply system. The light-collecting angle intelligent adjustment mechanism can automatically adjust the light-collecting angle of the solar thermal system. The solar thermal system includes several inner vortex fin collector tubes 1, a concentrator 2, an array frame 3, and a dustproof glass 4. The inner vortex fin collector tubes 1 are aluminum alloy collector tubes with a black coating on the outer wall. A certain number of spirally distributed vortex fins 5 are provided along the axial direction of the inner wall, forming a spiral vortex channel for water flow. Several inner vortex fin collector tubes 1 are connected in series end to end, laid horizontally parallel to the ground, and fixedly connected to the concentrator 2 by clips. The concentrator 2 is made of 0.5mm color steel plate stamping. A 0.3mm reflective focusing mirror is attached to the reflective and concentrating surface. A 2mm thick dustproof glass 4 is installed at the opening of the concentrator 2. The photomask 2 is fixedly connected to the light-receiving side of the array frame 3. The intelligent adjustment mechanism for the light-receiving angle includes a light-tracking intelligent controller 6, a bracket 7, a gear 8, a rack 9, and a motor 10. The bracket 7 is located on the backlight side of the array frame 3, and one end of it is hinged to the bottom of the array frame 3. The light-tracking intelligent controller 6 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the light-receiving surface of the array frame 3. The light-tracking intelligent controller 6 is connected to the motor 10. The motor 10 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the bracket 7, and its output end is fixedly connected to the gear 8. The gear 8 meshes with the rack 9. One end of the rack 9 is hinged to the array frame 3. The water supply system includes a hot water tank 11, a water supply pump 12, and a hot water supply pump 13. Both the water supply pump 12 and the hot water supply pump 13 are located inside the hot water tank 11. The body of the hot water tank 11 is an insulated tank. The hot water tank 11 is connected to the inner vortex fin heat collector tube 1 of the top row. The water supply pump 12 is connected to the inner vortex fin heat collector tube 11 of the bottom row. The hot water supply pump 13 delivers hot water to the user.

[0028] Each inner vortex collector tube 11 has a trapezoidal side support 4 at its end. The ends of the inner vortex collector tubes 11 connected in series are fixed by clamp-type pipe joints 15 that fasten the two side supports 4. The clamp-type pipe joints 15 are made of 2mm steel plate and are pressed together. The trapezoidal side supports 4 of the inner vortex collector tube 11 are used to add a rubber pad between the two side supports 4 and are tightened with 4 M8 bolts to achieve compression.

[0029] Among them, a frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device is built into the end of the series-connected internal vortex collector tube 1. The frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device includes a water baffle 16, a turbine fan, and a rotating shaft 18. One end of the rotating shaft 18 is fixedly connected to the center of the water baffle 16, and the other end is rotatably connected to the turbine fan. The turbine fan consists of three turbine fan blades 17 evenly distributed at 120°. The turbine fan blades 17 are made of 1.0mm aluminum alloy stamping. The self-deflection angle of the turbine fan blades 17 is 15°, and its direction is the same as the water flow swirl direction. The water baffle 16 is also provided with three evenly distributed through holes 19. The shape of the through holes 19 is the same as the shape of the turbine fan blades 17.

[0030] Among them, motor 10 is a frequency-modulated drive motor, and the light tracking intelligent controller 6 has a built-in light tracker and controller, which can track the rising and falling height of the sun in real time and calculate it. It transmits the signal to motor 10 to control the rotation direction of motor 10, and then controls and adjusts the light-collecting angle of the array plate 3 so that the array plate 3 is perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum light radiation.

[0031] Example

[0032] In this embodiment, the water supply pump 12 supplies water to the inner vortex collector tube 1. The water flows from bottom to top. Driven by the water pump, the water in the pipeline enters the internal circulation mode. The vortex 5 inside the inner vortex collector tube 1 forces the water in the pipe to generate vortex flow. At this time, under the irradiation of sunlight, the inner vortex collector tube 1 absorbs heat and exchanges heat with the water in the pipe. The semi-circular surface of the inner vortex collector tube 1 facing the sunlight directly receives solar radiation and absorbs solar energy, while the semi-circular surface of the collector tube facing away from the sunlight is reflected and focused by the high reflectivity aluminum alloy mirror embedded in the concentrator 2 so that it irradiates the back surface of the collector tube. As a result, a large amount of solar radiation heat is absorbed on the back of the collector tube, which is larger than the radiation area on the front. Under the reflective and concentrating effect of the concentrator 2, the inner vortex-finned heat collector tube 1 is surrounded by 360° solar radiation. The solar tracking controller 6 tracks the rising and falling altitude of the sun in real time and calculates the signal, transmitting it to the motor 10 to control its rotation direction. This, in turn, controls and adjusts the light-collecting angle of the array plate 3, ensuring the array plate 3 is perpendicular to the sunlight to achieve maximum light radiation. During heat collection, the inner vortex-finned heat collector tube 1 has clamp-type pipe joints 15 at the tube-to-tube connections. These joints serve both as connections for the inner vortex-finned heat collector pipes and as absorbers of thermal expansion. A frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device is built into the joint. Under the action of water flow, the turbine fan blades 17 rotate. A water baffle 16, which fixes the rotating shaft 18, is positioned close to the turbine fan, allowing water to flow through the turbine fan blades 17 and the water baffle 16. When the turbine blade 17 overlaps with the baffle plate 16, the instantaneous water flow is at its maximum. When the turbine blade 17 rotates to cover the through hole 19 of the baffle plate 16, the water flow is blocked, and the instantaneous flow is at its minimum while the pressure increases. When the turbine blade 17 rotates to overlap with the baffle plate 16 again, the water flow increases again. The water flow in the inner vortex heat collector tube 1 thus continuously overlaps and deviates from the baffle plate 16 with the rotation of the turbine, forming a regular pulse impact frequency vibration. The frequency vibration forms a jolt water hammer, which intensifies the frictional resistance of the vortex and turbulence, increases frictional heat generation, and generates impact water hammer to remove scale, reduce heat transfer resistance, and prevent pipe blockage. At the same time, the vortex 5 structure increases the thermal contact area between water and the pipe wall and the vortex 5. The design of the vortex 5 increases the contact time between water and the pipe wall and the vortex 5, and increases the flow rate inside the pipe. The self-frictional heat generation in the vortex mode helps to improve thermal efficiency. In this multi-heat transfer mode, after heat exchange, the hot water flows back from the top to the hot water tank 11, where the hot water pump 13 draws hot water to provide to users. The hot water tank 13 (or water tank) is located indoors underground or above ground. When not in operation, all the water in the inner vortex collector tube 1 flows back to the hot water tank 13 (or water tank). At night, the water in the inner vortex collector tube 1 is drained without having to consider the insulation and antifreeze heating of the water collector tube, saving a lot of costs.

Claims

1. A three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector, characterized in that, The system includes a solar thermal collector system, a smart light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism, and a water supply system. The solar thermal collector system is connected to the water supply system. The smart light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism can automatically adjust the light-collecting angle of the solar thermal collector system. The solar thermal collector system includes several inner vortex-finned collector tubes, a concentrator, an array frame, and dustproof glass. The outer wall of the inner vortex-finned collector tubes is coated with a black coating, and a certain number of vortices are spirally distributed along the axial direction of their inner walls. Several inner vortex-finned collector tubes are connected in series end to end, laid horizontally parallel to the ground, and fixedly connected side by side inside the concentrator. The concentrator is fixedly connected to the light-collecting surface side of the array frame, and each concentrator is fixedly connected to a piece of dustproof glass. The smart light-collecting angle adjustment mechanism includes a light... The system includes a tracking controller, a bracket, gears, a rack, and a motor. The bracket is located on the backlight side of the array frame, with one end hinged to the bottom of the array frame. The tracking controller is fixedly connected to the upper part of the array frame's light-receiving surface and is connected to the motor. The motor is fixedly connected to the upper part of the bracket, and its output end is fixedly connected to the gear. The gear meshes with the rack, and one end of the rack is hinged to the array frame. The water supply system includes a hot water tank, a water supply pump, and a hot water pump. Both the water supply pump and the hot water pump are located inside the hot water tank. The hot water tank is an insulated tank and is connected to the top row of internal vortex-finned heat collectors. The water supply pump is connected to the bottom row of internal vortex-finned heat collectors. The hot water pump delivers hot water to the user. A frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device is built between the ends of the series-connected internal vortex collector tubes. The frequency-vibration impact turbine fan device includes a water baffle, a turbine fan, and a rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the water baffle, and the other end is rotatably connected to the turbine fan. The turbine fan consists of three turbine fan blades evenly distributed at 120°. The self-deflection angle of the turbine fan blades is 15°, and its direction is the same as the direction of water flow shear. The water-blocking plate has three evenly distributed through holes, and the shape of the through holes is the same as that of the turbine blade.

2. The three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the focusing cover is covered with a reflective mirror of a certain thickness.

3. The three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the internal vortex collector tubes is provided with a trapezoidal side support at its end. The ends of the internal vortex collector tubes connected in series are fixed by clamp-type pipe joints to fasten the two side supports.

4. A three-vortex frequency vibration type high-efficiency solar water collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor is a frequency-modulated drive motor. The light-tracking intelligent controller has a built-in light tracker and controller, which can track the rising and falling of the sun in real time and calculate it. It then transmits the signal to the motor to control the motor's rotation direction, thereby controlling and adjusting the light-collecting angle of the array frame plane so that the array frame is perpendicular to the sunlight to obtain the maximum light radiation.

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