A tunnel clearance convergence measurement method

Abstract

The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method described in the present invention is applied to the measurement and calculation of the convergence displacement of the tunnel structure when the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil body is offset, so as to effectively solve the purpose of accurate measurement and calculation after the rock and soil body is offset, and realize the high-precision requirement of tunnel clearance convergence measurement. The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method sets up a total station at an observation point, and uses the total station to measure the distance a1 from the total station to the left clearance convergence point and the distance a2 from the total station to the right clearance convergence point, the angle α1 of the rear sight point-total station eyepiece-left clearance convergence point, and the angle α2 of the rear sight point-total station eyepiece-right clearance convergence point; uses a laser rangefinder to measure the height c of the total station, the distance b1 from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point, and the distance b2 from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point; obtains the clearance convergence value l after vertical and horizontal correction through observation, and the clearance convergence value l after correction minus the clearance convergence initial value l0 is the cumulative change of tunnel clearance convergence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a novel tunnel convergence displacement measurement method, belonging to the field of geotechnical construction and tunnel engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, urban underground engineering construction is restricted by surface structures, and underground tunnel projects are increasingly using shield construction methods. After shield construction, pipe segments need to be assembled for support to ensure that the tunnel section has standard firmness and stability.

[0003] The monitoring of the vertical and horizontal displacement of tunnel segments is an important monitoring item during shield construction. The change in the clearance size inside the tunnel is called convergence displacement. Tunnel clearance convergence measurement is widely used as a method to judge the stability of the tunnel support structure. At present, the monitoring of tunnel clearance convergence during engineering construction is mainly carried out by total station.

[0004] However, during the tunnel construction process, the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil will shift, causing the clearance convergence points arranged on the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil to shift. Especially during the shield tunnel construction process, the tunnel support structure is spliced ​​by the segment structure. The shield segments will shift due to the solidification of the slurry and the uneven water and soil pressure in the surrounding area. The current total station obtains the clearance convergence value by measuring the distance difference between the clearance convergence points arranged on both sides of the shield segments within a unit time interval. After the segment shifts, the clearance convergence points arranged on the shield segment will shift, resulting in errors between the clearance convergence value measured by the total station and the actual value. When the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil shifts, the existing measurement methods are difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of tunnel clearance convergence measurement.

[0005] In view of this, this patent application is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method described in the present application aims to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and proposes a tunnel structure convergence displacement measurement and calculation method applied to the case where the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil are offset, thereby effectively solving the purpose of accurate measurement and calculation after the rock and soil are offset, and achieving the high-precision requirements of tunnel clearance convergence measurement.

[0007] In order to achieve the above design purpose, the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method is to set up a total station at the observation point and use the total station to measure the distance a from the total station to the left clearance convergence point. 1 and the distance a from the total station to the right clearance convergence point 2 , Angle α between backsight point, total station eyepiece and left clearance convergence point 1 , Angle α between backsight point, total station eyepiece and right clearance convergence point2 ; Use a laser rangefinder to measure the total station height c and the distance from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point b 1 , the distance b from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point 2 ; Obtain the vertical and horizontal corrected clearance convergence value l through observation, and subtract the initial clearance convergence value l from the corrected clearance convergence value l 0 , which is the cumulative change of tunnel clearance convergence; among them, the initial clearance convergence value l 0 is the initial clearance convergence left value l 10 Converges with the initial clearance right value l 20 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0008]

[0009] Corrected clearance convergence left value l 1 Convergence with the corrected clearance right value l 2 The sum is the corrected clearance convergence value l;

[0010]

[0011] Furthermore, during layout, the left clearance convergence point, the right clearance convergence point and the observation point are arranged on the same plane; the line between the rear view point and the observation point is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point and the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are located.

[0012] Furthermore, when the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are arranged, reflective sheets are affixed to the shield segments.

[0013] Furthermore, after the measurement points are arranged, the tripod is set up at the observation point, and the total station is installed on the tripod; the prism is set up at the rear view point, and the total station performs measurement and collects initial values.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle μ between the initial backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point is checked by using the total station in the initial state. 0 Is it 90°? Check the angle ν between the initial backsight point, observation point and right clearance convergence point. 0 Is it 90°? If μ 0 ≠90° or ν 0 ≠90°, recheck whether the left clearance convergence point, right clearance convergence point and observation point are on the same plane, and whether the line connecting the backsight point and the observation point is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point and the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are located. Adjust the above layout positions and remeasure until μ 0 =90° or ν 0 =90°.

[0015] As described above, the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method of the present application has the advantage that, in view of the phenomenon that the clearance convergence point is offset due to the displacement of the pipe segment, based on the method steps and calculation principle proposed in the present application, the error between the clearance convergence value measured by the total station and the actual value can be overcome, and the accuracy of the tunnel clearance convergence measurement result is significantly improved. Moreover, the difficulty of the measurement and calculation process is relatively low, the on-site measurement device is easy to deploy, and is less affected by the environment, which reduces the learning difficulty accordingly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present application is now further described in conjunction with the following drawings;

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the layout of the on-site measurement device for the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method described in this application;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the measurement points.

[0019] Figure 3 For Figure 1 and Figure 2 The schematic diagram of vertical correction of data during the clearance convergence measurement process is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 For Figure 1 and Figure 2 The schematic diagram of data level correction during the clearance convergence measurement process is shown;

[0021] In the above figures, 1, shield segment; 2, backsight point; 3, observation point; 4, left clearance convergence point; 5, right clearance convergence point; 6, prism; 7, tripod; 8, total station;

[0022] a 1 , the distance from the total station to the left clearance convergence point; a 2 , the distance from the total station to the right clearance convergence point; b 1 , the distance from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point; b 2 , the distance from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point; c, the height of the total station; α 1 , the angle between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece and the left clearance convergence point; α 2 , the angle between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece and the right clearance convergence point; A, the observation point number; B, the point where the total station eyepiece is located; C, the left clearance convergence point number; D, the right clearance convergence point number; l z1 , height of left clearance convergence point; l z2 , height of the right clearance convergence point; P 1 , the point number after vertical correction of the left clearance convergence point; Q 1 , point number after vertical correction of the right clearance convergence point; P 0, the initial position point number of the left clearance convergence point; Q 0 , the initial position point number of the right clearance convergence point; O, the point where the total station eyepiece is located at P 1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 Plane projection point; H, backsight point at P 1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 Plane projection point; μ 0 , the angle between the initial backsight point - observation point - left clearance convergence point; ν 0 , the angle between the initial backsight point - observation point - right clearance convergence point; μ 1 , the angle between backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point; ν 1 , the angle of backsight point-observation point-right clearance convergence point; l OP1 、a 1 Vertical corrected length; l OQ1 、a 2 Vertical corrected length; l 1 , the left side value of the corrected clearance convergence; l 2 , the right side value of the corrected clearance convergence; l, the corrected clearance convergence value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to further explain the technical means adopted by the present application to achieve the predetermined design objectives, the following preferred implementation scheme is proposed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] In the following description, specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in a variety of other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method described in the present application is to set the total station 8 at the observation point 3, and use the total station 8 to measure the distance a from the total station to the left clearance convergence point 1 and the distance a from the total station to the right clearance convergence point 2 , Angle α between backsight point, total station eyepiece and left clearance convergence point 1 , Angle α between backsight point, total station eyepiece and right clearance convergence point 2 ; Use a laser rangefinder to measure the total station height c and the distance from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point b 1 , the distance b from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point 2 ;

[0026] The vertical and horizontal corrected clearance convergence values ​​l are obtained by observation. The corrected clearance convergence value l is subtracted from the initial clearance convergence value l 0 , which is the cumulative change of tunnel clearance convergence;

[0027] Initial clearance convergence value l 0 The left side value l for the lower initial clearance convergence 10 Converges with the initial clearance right value l 20 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Corrected clearance convergence left value l 1 Convergence with the corrected clearance right value l 2 The sum is the corrected clearance convergence value l;

[0030]

[0031] When measuring the tunnel clearance convergence displacement, the measurement method of the prior art sets up the total station at a random point, directly measures the distance between the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point after centering and leveling, and uses this distance as the tunnel clearance convergence measurement result. However, during the tunnel construction process, in addition to the tunnel clearance direction, the tunnel support structure or the surrounding rock and soil will usually have a tunnel forward direction and vertical displacement. At this time, the distance between the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point cannot be used as the observation value in the tunnel clearance direction. Therefore, the prior art will calculate the tunnel forward direction and vertical displacement in the clearance convergence observation value, which will produce obvious errors in the observation and cannot meet the high-precision requirements of tunnel clearance convergence measurement.

[0032] Compared with the above-mentioned main measurement and calculation methods, the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method proposed in this application uses analytical geometry formulas to perform vertical and horizontal corrections on the clearance convergence measurement values ​​of the measured data. The final measurement result is more accurate and can meet the high-precision requirements of tunnel clearance convergence measurement.

[0033] Specifically, when the left clearance convergence point 4, the right clearance convergence point 5, the observation point 3, and the rear view point 2 are arranged, the left clearance convergence point 4, the right clearance convergence point 5 and the observation point 3 are arranged on the same plane; the line between the rear view point 2 and the observation point 3 is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point 3 and the left clearance convergence point 4, the right clearance convergence point 5 are located.

[0034] When the left clearance convergence point 4 and the right clearance convergence point 5 are arranged, a reflective sheet is attached to the shield segment 1 .

[0035] After the measurement points are arranged, the tripod 7 is set up at the observation point 3, and the total station 8 is installed on the tripod 7; the prism 6 is set up at the rear view point 2, and the total station 8 performs measurement and collects initial values.

[0036] The angle μ between the initial backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point is checked by using the total station 8 in the initial state. 0 Is it 90°? Check the angle ν between the initial backsight point, observation point and right clearance convergence point. 0 Is it 90°? If μ 0 ≠90° or ν 0 ≠90°, recheck whether the left clearance convergence point 4, the right clearance convergence point 5 and the observation point 3 are arranged on the same plane, and whether the line connecting the backsight point 2 and the observation point 3 is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point 3 and the left clearance convergence point 4 and the right clearance convergence point 5 are located. Adjust the above layout positions and remeasure until μ 0 =90° or ν 0 =90°.

[0037] When collecting the initial value, use the total station 8 to collect the distance a from the total station to the left clearance convergence point 1 ; Use a laser rangefinder to collect the distance b from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point 1 , the height of the total station c; use trigonometric functions to calculate the angle ∠α between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece, and the left clearance convergence point in the initial state 1 The angle value is calculated as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Furthermore, the initial clearance convergence left value l is obtained by using trigonometric function calculation 10 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0041]

[0042] Then, the initial value of the left clearance convergence point height l is calculated. z10 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0043]

[0044] When collecting the initial value, use the total station 8 to collect the distance a from the total station to the right clearance convergence point 2 ; Use a laser rangefinder to collect the distance b from the observation point to the right clearance convergence point 2 , the height of the total station c; use trigonometric functions to calculate the angle ∠α between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece, and the right clearance convergence point in the initial state2 The angle value is calculated as follows:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] Furthermore, the initial clearance convergence right side value l is obtained by using trigonometric function calculation 20 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Then, the initial value of the right clearance convergence point height l is calculated. z20 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0050]

[0051] Initial clearance convergence value l 0 The left side value l for the lower initial clearance convergence 10 Converges with the initial clearance right value l 20 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] Use the total station 8 to measure and collect three initial values. If the errors of the three measurements are all within 1 mm, take the three average values; if the error of a measurement exceeds 1 mm, discard the measurement value and re-take the value until the errors of the three measurements are all within 1 mm.

[0054] After the initial value collection is completed, clearance convergence monitoring is carried out during the construction of the tunnel project according to the monitoring frequency specified in the relevant monitoring specifications;

[0055] During the clearance convergence measurement, the tripod 7 is set up at the observation point 3, the total station 8 is installed on the tripod 3, the prism 6 is set up at the rear view point 2, and the total station 8 is used for measurement.

[0056] Total station 8 collects the distance a from the total station to the left clearance convergence point 1 , use the laser rangefinder to collect the distance b from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point 1 , the height of the total station c, and the angle ∠α between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece, and the left clearance convergence point is calculated using trigonometric functions 1 The angle value is calculated as follows:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Calculate the left clearance convergence point height lz1 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0060]

[0061] Among them, the vertical offset of the left clearance convergence point is the height l of the left clearance convergence point z1 Subtract the initial value of the left clearance convergence point height l z10 ;

[0062] The left clearance convergence measurement result is corrected vertically to obtain the a 1 Vertical corrected length l OP1 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0063]

[0064] Use total station 8 to collect the distance a from the total station to the right clearance convergence point 2 , use the laser rangefinder to collect the distance b from the observation point to the right clearance convergence point 2 , the height of the total station c, and the angle ∠α between the backsight point, the total station eyepiece, and the right clearance convergence point in the initial state is calculated using trigonometric functions. 2 The angle value is calculated as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Calculate the height l of the right clearance convergence point z2 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0068]

[0069] Among them, the vertical offset of the right clearance convergence point is the height l of the right clearance convergence point z2 Subtract the initial value of the right clearance convergence point height l z20 ;

[0070] The right clearance convergence measurement result is corrected vertically to obtain the a 2 Vertical corrected length l OQ1 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0071]

[0072] After the vertical correction of the left and right clearance convergence measurement results is completed, the point B where the total station eyepiece is located or the observation point A is vertically projected onto the plane P 1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 , get the total station eyepiece location point B at P1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 Plane projection point O, vertical projection of backsight point 2 onto plane P 1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 , get the backsight point 2 at P 1 P 0 Q 1 Q 0 Plane projection point H;

[0073] The angle μ between the backsight point, the observation point and the left clearance convergence point is measured by the total station 8. 1 , calculate the corrected clearance convergence left value l 1 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0074]

[0075] The offset of the left clearance convergence point 4 parallel to the tunnel forward direction is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] The angle ν of the backsight point-observation point-right clearance convergence point is measured by using the total station 8. 1 , calculate the corrected clearance convergence right value l 2 , the calculation formula is as follows,

[0078]

[0079] The offset of the right clearance convergence point 5 parallel to the tunnel advancing direction is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Corrected clearance convergence left value l 1 Convergence with the corrected clearance right value l 2 The sum is the corrected clearance convergence value l, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] The above-mentioned clearance convergence cumulative change is the clearance convergence value l after correction by the tunnel clearance convergence measurement method described in this application minus the clearance convergence initial value l 0 .

[0084] As described above, similar technical solutions can be derived from the solutions given in the drawings and descriptions. However, any solution content that does not deviate from the structure of the present invention still belongs to the scope of rights of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A tunnel clearance convergence measurement method, characterized in that: Set up a total station at the observation point, and use the total station to measure the distance a1 from the total station to the left clearance convergence point, the distance a2 from the total station to the right clearance convergence point, the angle α1 between the backsight point-total station eyepiece-left clearance convergence point, and the angle α2 between the backsight point-total station eyepiece-right clearance convergence point; use a laser rangefinder to measure the height c of the total station, the distance b1 from the observation point to the left clearance convergence point, and the distance b2 from the observation point to the right clearance convergence point; The vertical and horizontal corrected clearance convergence value l is obtained through observation. The corrected clearance convergence value l minus the clearance convergence initial value l0 is the cumulative change of tunnel clearance convergence. Among them, the initial clearance convergence value l0 is the left side value of the lower initial clearance convergence l 10 Converges with the initial clearance right value l 20 The calculation formula is as follows: ； The sum of the corrected clearance convergence left value l1 and the corrected clearance convergence right value l2 is the corrected clearance convergence value l; ； Among them, μ0 is the angle of the initial backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point, ν0 is the angle of the initial backsight point-observation point-right clearance convergence point, μ1 is the angle of the backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point, and ν1 is the angle of the backsight point-observation point-right clearance convergence point.

2. The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During layout, the left clearance convergence point, the right clearance convergence point and the observation point are arranged on the same plane; the line between the rear sight point and the observation point is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point and the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are located.

3. The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are arranged, reflective sheets are affixed to the shield segments.

4. The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the measurement points are arranged, a tripod is set up at the observation point, and the total station is installed on the tripod; a prism is set up at the rear view point, and the total station performs measurement and collects initial values.

5. The tunnel clearance convergence measurement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Use the total station to check whether the angle μ0 of the initial backsight point-observation point-left clearance convergence point is 90° in the initial state, and check whether the angle ν0 of the initial backsight point-observation point-right clearance convergence point is 90°; If μ0≠90° or ν0≠90°, recheck whether the left clearance convergence point, the right clearance convergence point and the observation point are on the same plane, and whether the line connecting the backsight point and the observation point is perpendicular to the plane where the observation point and the left clearance convergence point and the right clearance convergence point are located. Adjust the above layout positions and remeasure until μ0=90° and ν0=90°.

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