A test apparatus and method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack

Abstract

This invention proposes a test device and method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack. The device includes: a test plate, a first baffle, a second baffle, a first temperature measuring wire, a second temperature measuring wire, and a flame source. The test plate is clamped and installed between the first and second baffles. The first baffle has a first through hole on its surface, and the second baffle has a second through hole on its surface, with the first and second through holes facing each other. A first groove is formed on the side of the first baffle closest to the test plate, and a second groove is formed on the side of the second baffle closest to the test plate. The first temperature measuring wire is embedded in the first groove, with one end facing the first through hole. The second temperature measuring wire is embedded in the second groove, with one end facing the second through hole. The flame outlet of the flame source faces the first through hole. The experimental device of this invention can accurately test the high-temperature area on the surface of the test plate, and the simulation effect is closer to the real situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery testing equipment technology, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the core component of new energy electric vehicles is the battery pack. As the energy density of lithium-ion power batteries in the battery pack continues to increase, the risk of thermal runaway and thermal propagation also gradually increases. According to GB38031-2020 "Safety Tests for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles," mandatory requirements have been imposed on the safety of power batteries, necessitating tests on the thermal runaway and thermal propagation performance of the battery pack. At present, power batteries primarily use mica panels as a representative refractory material for thermal runaway and thermal propagation protection. However, the national standard mainly uses ordinary heating or needle penetration treatment to induce thermal runaway in the battery pack to achieve the actual test objective. These testing methods are complex, and each test requires the consumption of one or even multiple complete battery packs. For preliminary evaluation by enterprises, this testing method is too costly, and it cannot accurately verify the performance of the corresponding refractory materials. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device and test method that can verify the specific performance of refractory materials.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides a device for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack, comprising: a test plate, a first baffle, a second baffle, a first temperature measuring wire, a second temperature measuring wire, and a flame source. The test plate is clamped and installed between the first baffle and the second baffle. The first baffle has a first through hole in a direction perpendicular to its surface, and the second baffle has a second through hole in a direction perpendicular to its surface. The first through hole and the second through hole are directly opposite each other. The side of the first baffle close to the test plate has a first through groove, which connects the edge of the first baffle and the inside of the first through hole. The side of the second baffle close to the test plate has a second through groove, which connects the edge of the second baffle and the inside of the second through hole. The first temperature measuring wire is embedded in the first through groove, with one end of the first temperature measuring wire facing the first through hole. The second temperature measuring wire is embedded in the second through groove, with one end of the second temperature measuring wire facing the second through hole. The flame outlet of the flame source faces the first through hole.

[0005] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a support rod, a first fixing clamp, and a second fixing clamp. The support rod is vertically arranged, and the first fixing clamp is fastened to the support rod. The first fixing clamp can move along the length of the support rod. The first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp are respectively clamped and installed on opposite sides of the multi-layer composite structure composed of the first baffle, the test plate, and the second baffle.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a linear moving device, wherein the moving direction of the linear moving device is perpendicular to the plane of the plate to be tested, and the flame source is fixedly installed at the moving end of the linear moving device.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a compressed air source, wherein the air outlet of the compressed air source is directly opposite the first through hole.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a universal bamboo joint tube, one end of which is connected to the outlet of the compressed air source, and the other end is directly opposite the first through hole.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, a solenoid valve is also included, which is installed in the middle of the universal bamboo joint tube.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the flame source is a butane spray gun.

[0011] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack, comprising: clamping the test plate between a first baffle and a second baffle, positioning the flame outlet of a flame source directly opposite a first through hole, selectively controlling the opening and closing of the flame outlet, receiving detection data from a first temperature measuring wire and a second temperature measuring wire, simultaneously observing changes in the shape of the test plate at the first through hole, and adjusting the temperature at the first temperature measuring wire by adjusting the distance between the flame outlet of the flame source and the first through hole.

[0012] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack, comprising: clamping the test plate between a first baffle and a second baffle, positioning the outlet of a compressed air source directly opposite a first through hole, adjusting the outlet time and frequency of the compressed air source, and observing the structural shape of the test plate at the first through hole.

[0013] This invention also provides a test method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack, comprising: clamping the test plate between a first baffle and a second baffle; aligning the outlet of a flame source with a first through hole; opening the outlet; receiving detection data from a first temperature measuring wire and a second temperature measuring wire; adjusting the temperature at the first temperature measuring wire by adjusting the distance between the outlet of the flame source and the first through hole; stopping the flame spraying after a period of time; aligning the outlet of a compressed air source with the first through hole; spraying air for a period of time; stopping the spraying; repeating the above steps at least once; and observing the structural shape of the test plate at the first through hole.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0015] (1) This invention provides an experimental device for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack. It uses two baffles to clamp and fix the fireproof and heat-insulating test plate for the battery pack. At the same time, the through-hole structure set on the two baffles limits the test points, thereby simulating the concentrated point distribution of heat-generating parts when the battery pack is in actual thermal runaway. Compared with heating the entire battery pack, the local heating method is closer to the thermal runaway situation of the battery pack in actual use. At the same time, the clamping of the two baffles can prevent the test plate from undergoing overall deformation during heating, so that the shape change process at the heated position can be observed more accurately. In order to more accurately test the heat insulation performance of the test plate, temperature measuring wires are also set at the first through hole and the second through hole respectively. The temperature measuring wires are set inside the baffles, thereby avoiding direct contact between the temperature measuring wires and the high-temperature flame. This structure can make the test results of the temperature measuring wires more accurate.

[0016] (2) The test apparatus of the present invention also includes a compressed air source, which uses the compressed air source to subject the test plate at the first through hole to high pressure impact, which can simulate the impact of the pressure relief valve of the battery pack or the cell explosion. At the same time, the compressed air source can also cooperate with the flame source to simulate more complex thermal runaway situations.

[0017] (3) The present invention also provides several test methods to achieve test detection for different purposes by controlling the working state of the flame source and the compressed gas source. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1This is an isometric view of the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial exploded view of the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial isometric view of the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Test plate, 2-First baffle, 3-Second baffle, 4-First temperature measuring wire, 5-Second temperature measuring wire, 6-Flame source, 7-Support rod, 8-First fixing clamp, 9-Second fixing clamp, 10-Linear movement device, 11-Compressed air source, 12-Universal bamboo joint tube, 13-Solenoid valve, 21-First through hole, 22-First through groove, 31-Second through hole, 32-Second through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, combined with Figure 2-3 The present invention provides a simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device, comprising: a test plate 1, a first baffle 2, a second baffle 3, a first temperature measuring wire 4, a second temperature measuring wire 5, and a flame source. The first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 are respectively clamped and disposed on the two sides of the test plate 1. A first through hole 21 is formed in the middle of the first baffle 2, and a second through hole 31 is formed in the middle of the second baffle 3. The first through hole 21 and the second through hole 31 are directly opposite each other. A first through groove 22 is formed on the side of the first baffle 2 closest to the test plate 1, and the two ends of the first through groove 22 are respectively connected to the edge of the first baffle 2 and the first through hole 21. The second baffle 3 is located near the edge of the test plate 1. A second through groove 32 is provided on one side of the plate 1 to be tested. The two ends of the second through groove 32 are respectively connected to the edge of the second baffle 3 and the second through hole 31. The first temperature measuring wire 4 is embedded in the first through groove 22. The temperature measuring head of the first temperature measuring wire 4 is close to the first through hole 21. Preferably, the temperature measuring head of the first temperature measuring wire 4 is located inside the first through groove 22. Similarly, the second temperature measuring wire 5 is embedded in the second through groove 32. The temperature measuring head of the second temperature measuring wire 5 is close to the second through hole 31. Preferably, the temperature measuring head of the second temperature measuring wire 5 is located inside the second through groove 32. The flame outlet of the flame source 6 is directly opposite the first through hole 21.

[0025] In the above embodiments, the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 are used to clamp and fix the test plate 1. At the same time, the first through hole 21 opened on them is used to limit the test position of the test plate 1, so as to avoid other positions of the test plate 1 being subjected to unnecessary high temperature or high pressure treatment. This can accurately simulate the local heat release and local high pressure impact of the battery pack during thermal runaway, and achieve a more accurate simulation effect. The second through hole 31 can be used to observe the test plate, and at the same time, it can provide parameter detection on the protected side, such as temperature detection and shape observation. Using the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 to clamp the test plate 1 can play a better fixing role, avoiding deformation during the test process that affects the test results and parameter acquisition. Secondly, in combination with the baffle structure, this application also sets the temperature measuring wire inside the baffle to avoid direct contact with the external high temperature and high pressure driving source, effectively protecting the temperature measuring wire, and at the same time, making the test results of the temperature measuring wire more realistic and accurate. It should be understood that the implementation of fixing the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 on both sides of the test plate 1 in this application is achievable with existing technology, such as using conventional clamping fixtures to clamp the two baffles.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a support rod 7, a first fixing clamp 8 and a second fixing clamp 9. The support rod 7 is vertically arranged, and the first fixing clamp 8 is fastened to the support rod 7. The first fixing clamp 8 can move along the length direction of the support rod 7. The first fixing clamp 8 and the second fixing clamp 9 are respectively clamped and installed on opposite sides of the multi-layer composite structure composed of the first baffle 2, the test plate 1 and the second baffle 3.

[0027] In the above embodiments, the first fixing clamp 8 and the second fixing clamp 9 are respectively used to clamp the opposite sides of the structure to be tested, thereby ensuring that the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 can be clamped on both sides of the plate 1 to be tested. More specifically, the body of the first fixing clamp 8 is provided with a sliding through hole, through which the support rod 7 passes. The surface of the first fixing clamp 8 is also provided with a tightening nut, which selectively passes through the surface of the first fixing clamp 8 and abuts against the surface of the support rod 7. Therefore, by adjusting the tightening nut, the first fixing clamp 8 can slide or be fixed relative to the support rod 7, thereby adjusting the height of the first fixing clamp 8.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, a linear moving device 10 is also included. The moving direction of the linear moving device 10 is perpendicular to the plane where the plate 1 to be tested is located, and the flame source 6 is fixedly installed at the moving end of the linear moving device 10.

[0029] In order to make the flame temperature of the flame source 6 acting on the first through hole 21 adjustable, a linear moving device 10 is provided to facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the flame source 6 and the first through hole 21. Specifically, the linear moving device 10 can be a linear module.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a compressed air source 11, the air outlet of which is directly opposite the first through hole 21.

[0031] In the above embodiments, the compressed gas source 11 is used to provide high-pressure gas injection, thereby simulating the high-pressure impact on the surface of the battery pack during thermal runaway. The compressed gas source 11 can be a compressed air source or a compressed nitrogen source.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a universal bamboo tube 12, one end of which is connected to the air outlet of the compressed air source 11, and the other end is directly opposite the first through hole 21.

[0033] In the above embodiments, the universal bamboo joint tube 12 is more convenient for directional adjustment and short-distance position adjustment, thereby adapting to different test requirements.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, a solenoid valve 13 is also included, which is installed in the middle of the universal bamboo tube 12.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the solenoid valve 13 can be connected to an external control device to achieve precise control over the opening and closing of the universal bamboo tube 12.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the flame source 6 is a butane spray gun.

[0037] In the above embodiments, as an easily implemented structure, a butane spray gun is used as the flame source 6, which is easy to replace and also easy to use.

[0038] The present invention also provides a test method for a simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device, specifically including the following steps:

[0039] The test plate 1 is clamped between the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3. The flame outlet of the flame source 6 is aligned with the first through hole 21. The opening and closing of the flame outlet are selectively controlled. The detection data of the first temperature measuring wire 4 and the second temperature measuring wire 5 are received. At the same time, the shape change of the test plate 1 at the first through hole 21 is observed. The temperature at the first temperature measuring wire 4 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the flame outlet of the flame source 6 and the first through hole 21.

[0040] In the above test method, the first temperature measuring wire 4 and the second temperature measuring wire 5 are connected to an external signal receiving structure to collect detection signals, thereby obtaining the temperature at the first through hole 21 and the second through hole 31. The temperature at the first through hole 21 is the test temperature of the test plate 1, and the temperature at the second through hole 31 can be used to characterize the heat insulation effect of the test plate 1. By comparing the temperature difference between the first through hole 21 and the second through hole 31, the heat insulation capacity of the test plate 1 can be known. By observing the structure of the test plate 1 at the second through hole 31 through a flame impact of a specific duration, and by comparing the temperature changes of the first temperature measuring wire 4 and the second temperature measuring wire 5, the high temperature resistance performance of the test plate 1 can be known.

[0041] The present invention also provides a test method for a simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device, specifically including the following steps:

[0042] The test plate 1 is clamped between the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3. The outlet of the compressed air source 11 is aligned with the first through hole 21. The outlet time and frequency of the compressed air source 11 are adjusted, and the structural shape of the test plate 1 at the first through hole 21 is observed.

[0043] In the above test method, the test plate 1 is impacted at the first through hole 21 by compressed air source 11, and then the structural integrity of the test plate 1 is observed at the second through hole 31. This test can detect the impact resistance of the test plate.

[0044] The present invention also provides a test method for a simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device, specifically including the following steps:

[0045] The test plate 1 is clamped between the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3. The flame outlet of the flame source 6 is aligned with the first through hole 21. The flame outlet is opened to receive the detection data from the first temperature measuring wire 4 and the second temperature measuring wire 5. The temperature at the first temperature measuring wire 4 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the flame outlet of the flame source 6 and the first through hole 21. After the flame is sprayed for a period of time, the flame is stopped. The outlet of the compressed air source 11 is aligned with the first through hole 21. After the compressed air is sprayed for a period of time, the compressed air is stopped. The above steps are repeated at least once. The structural shape of the test plate 1 at the first through hole 21 is observed.

[0046] The above experimental methods can simulate a continuous high-temperature impact state, thereby enabling the testing of the thermal runaway protection capability of the test plate 1.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulated battery pack thermal runaway test device, comprising a test plate (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The system comprises a first baffle (2), a second baffle (3), a first temperature measuring wire (4), a second temperature measuring wire (5), a flame source (6), and a compressed air source (11). The plate to be tested (1) is clamped and installed between the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3). The first baffle (2) has a first through hole (21) perpendicular to its surface, and the second baffle (3) has a second through hole (31) perpendicular to its surface. The first through hole (21) and the second through hole (31) are directly opposite each other. The side of the first baffle (2) near the plate to be tested (1) has a first through groove (22). The first through groove (22) connects the edge of the first baffle (2) and the second through hole (3). Inside the through hole (21), the second baffle (3) is provided with a second through groove (32) on the side near the plate to be tested (1). The second through groove (32) connects the edge of the second baffle (3) and the inside of the second through hole (31). The first temperature measuring wire (4) is embedded in the first through groove (22), with one end of the first temperature measuring wire (4) facing the first through hole (21). The second temperature measuring wire (5) is embedded in the second through groove (32), with one end of the second temperature measuring wire (5) facing the second through hole (31). The flame outlet of the flame source (6) faces the first through hole (21). The air outlet of the compressed air source (11) faces the first through hole (21).

2. The simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support rod (7), a first fixing clamp (8) and a second fixing clamp (9). The support rod (7) is vertically arranged, and the first fixing clamp (8) is fastened to the support rod (7). The first fixing clamp (8) can move along the length of the support rod (7). The first fixing clamp (8) and the second fixing clamp (9) are respectively clamped and installed on opposite sides of the multi-layer composite structure composed of the first baffle (2), the plate to be tested (1) and the second baffle (3).

3. The simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a linear moving device (10), the moving direction of which is perpendicular to the plane of the plate to be tested (1), and a flame source (6) is fixedly installed at the moving end of the linear moving device (10).

4. The simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a universal bamboo tube (12), one end of which is connected to the air outlet of the compressed air source (11), and the other end is directly opposite the first through hole (21).

5. The simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a solenoid valve (13), which is installed in the middle of the universal bamboo tube (12).

6. The simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flame source (6) is a butane spray gun.

7. The test method using the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The test plate (1) is clamped between the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3). The flame outlet of the flame source (6) is aligned with the first through hole (21). The opening and closing of the flame outlet is selectively controlled. The detection data of the first temperature measuring wire (4) and the second temperature measuring wire (5) are received. At the same time, the shape change of the test plate (1) at the first through hole (21) is observed. The temperature at the first temperature measuring wire (4) is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the flame outlet of the flame source (6) and the first through hole (21).

8. The test method using the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus according to any one of claims 4-5, characterized in that, include: The test plate (1) is clamped between the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3). The outlet of the compressed air source (11) is aligned with the first through hole (21). The outlet time and frequency of the compressed air source (11) are adjusted, and the structural shape of the test plate (1) at the first through hole (21) is observed.

9. A test method using the simulated battery pack thermal runaway test apparatus according to any one of claims 4-5, characterized in that, include: The test plate (1) is clamped between the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3). The flame outlet of the flame source (6) is aligned with the first through hole (21). The flame outlet is opened to receive the detection data from the first temperature measuring wire (4) and the second temperature measuring wire (5). The temperature at the first temperature measuring wire (4) is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the flame outlet of the flame source (6) and the first through hole (21). After the flame is sprayed for a period of time, the flame is stopped. The outlet of the compressed air source (11) is aligned with the first through hole (21). After the air is sprayed for a period of time, the air is stopped. The above steps are repeated at least once. The structural shape of the test plate (1) at the first through hole (21) is observed.

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