A highly active anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst

Abstract

The present invention discloses a highly active anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst, which relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells. The anode catalyst is prepared by wrapping a perovskite structure material on the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst; the perovskite structure material is: [La x Sr (1‑x) y Ti (1‑z‑a) Ni z B a O 3±δ , wherein B is one or both of Cu and Zn, δ represents the oxygen non-stoichiometric value generated by doping, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, 0.9 ≤ y ≤ 1.1, 0 < z ≤ 0.4, 0 < a ≤ 0.4. In the present invention, a perovskite structure material is wrapped on the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst to obtain a highly active anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst. The perovskite structure anode material plays a role in improving the electrode activity and anti-carbon deposition, and nickel oxide plays a role as a skeleton and improving the anode conductivity. When a battery is prepared with this anode catalyst and methanol or ethanol is used as the fuel, the battery has the characteristics of high performance, anti-carbon deposition, and good stability.​

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, and particularly to a high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst. Background Art

[0002] Energy and environment have become two hot issues related to the sustainable development of human society. With the continuous advancement of the modernization process of human society, the contradiction between the dependence on energy and the increasing depletion of fossil energy has become increasingly acute. A large amount of pollutants and greenhouse gases such as CO2 are emitted during the production and use of energy, which is one of the important air pollution sources. Finding clean, efficient energy technologies with low CO2 net emissions has become an urgent need for the development of human society.

[0003] A solid oxide fuel cell is an energy conversion device that can efficiently convert the chemical energy in fuel gases (such as methanol, natural gas, ethanol, etc.) into electrical energy, without using noble metal catalysts, adopting an all-solid-state structure, with low emissions and low noise. It is an ideal technology for distributed power stations and centralized power stations, and can also be applied to vehicle auxiliary power supplies, portable power supplies, etc. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, improve the long-term stability and reliability of the battery, and meet the requirements of commercial applications, improving the performance and stability of solid oxide fuel cells has become the focus of research and development at home and abroad.

[0004] As renewable energy sources, methanol and ethanol have characteristics such as high volumetric energy density, cleanliness, and portability. Therefore, using methanol and ethanol as fuels for solid oxide fuel cells has begun to arouse great research interest. However, when using methanol and ethanol as fuels, the performance of the fuel cell is relatively low compared to fuel cells based on hydrogen fuel. The complex electrochemical process and carbon coking will significantly increase the activity loss of the anode, and thus reduce the battery performance, resulting in poor battery stability. Therefore, high-activity, anti-carbon deposition anode materials are crucial for solid oxide fuel cells using methanol or ethanol as fuels to meet commercial requirements.

[0005] Nickel-based anodes have become the commonly used anode materials for current solid oxide fuel cells due to their high conductivity and good activity. However, when using methanol or ethanol as fuels, carbon deposition is very likely to occur on the nickel-based anode, resulting in continuous reduction of electrode activity and even deactivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst. The present invention uses a perovskite-structured material to wrap the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst to obtain a high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst. When a battery is prepared using this anode catalyst and methanol or ethanol is used as the fuel, the battery has characteristics such as high performance, anti-carbon deposition, and good stability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to the first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst is proposed.

[0009] In one embodiment, the anode catalyst is prepared by wrapping a perovskite-structured material on the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst;

[0010] The perovskite-structured material is: [La x Sr (1-x) y Ti (1-z-a) Ni z B a O 3±δ , where B is one or both of Cu and Zn, δ represents the oxygen non-stoichiometry value caused by doping, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, 0.9 ≤ y ≤ 1.1, 0 < z ≤ 0.4, 0 < a ≤ 0.4.

[0011] Optionally, the perovskite-structured material is prepared by a sol-gel method, a glycine method, a co-precipitation method, a citric acid method or a solid-state reaction method.

[0012] Optionally, the mass percentage content of the perovskite-structured material is 0.1% to 50%.

[0013] Optionally, the mass percentage content of the perovskite-structured material is 1% to 40%.

[0014] Optionally, the particle size of the perovskite-structured material is 0.1 to 300 nanometers.

[0015] Optionally, the particle size of the perovskite-structured material is 1 to 200 nanometers.

[0016] Optionally, the perovskite-structured material wrapping on the surface of the nickel oxide catalyst includes the following steps:

[0017] Prepare a solution with the perovskite-structured material, then directly immerse the solution onto the surface of the nickel oxide catalyst, and calcine to obtain a nickel-based anode catalyst wrapped with the perovskite-structured material;

[0018] Or configure a solution according to the stoichiometric ratio of the perovskite-structured material, then directly immerse the solution onto the nickel-based composite anode, and calcine to obtain a nickel-based anode catalyst wrapped with the perovskite-structured material.

[0019] Optionally, the mass percentage concentration of the solution is 0.2% to 20%.

[0020] Optionally, the calcination temperature is 800 to 1300 °C, and the calcination time is 2 to 10 hours. ​

[0021] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell is provided.

[0022] In one embodiment, the electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell includes the above-mentioned highly active anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst.

[0023] According to the third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a solid oxide fuel cell is provided.

[0024] In one embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell includes the above-mentioned electrode.

[0025] The solid oxide fuel cell can have various structures, including but not limited to flat plate type, tubular type, anode-supported type, and electrolyte-supported type.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The battery anode catalyst prepared by the present invention is a perovskite-structured material wrapped on the surface of the nickel oxide catalyst, which effectively increases the active sites of the electrode, reduces the polarization resistance of the battery, and improves the performance of the battery; it can effectively improve the anti-carbon deposition performance of the battery and enhance the stability of the battery when using methanol or ethanol as fuel.

[0028] 2. The battery anode catalyst prepared by the present invention can be used in solid oxide fuel cells with various configurations such as flat plate type, tubular type, anode-supported type, and electrolyte-supported type. The preparation method of the catalyst has low cost, is simple and easy to scale up; it is of great significance for promoting the practical application of solid oxide fuel cell technology. Specific Embodiments

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ , with a particle size of about 2 nanometers, is prepared into a highly dispersed solution and then impregnated on the surface of nickel oxide. After calcination at 800 °C for 2 hours, the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ The encapsulated nickel-based anode catalyst, in which the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.7 6Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ has a mass percentage of 10%.

[0032] Using the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, mixed with gadolinium-doped ceria (Gd 0.2 Ce 0.8 O2, GDC) (by weight ratio 50:50) to prepare a composite anode, with a GDC film as the electrolyte, and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O3 and GDC mixed (weight ratio 50:50) as the cathode to prepare a battery.

[0033] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel, the battery performance of the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material is compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 50%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 80%. The battery has good stability. When using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 60%.

[0034] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:1) as the fuel, the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti0.6 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.1 O 3±δ The cell performance of the battery with the encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material is compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. The cell performance is improved by about 35% at 600 °C and about 50% at 500 °C. The battery has good stability. When a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:1) is used as the fuel for the stability test at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 50%.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ , with a particle size of about 15 nm, is prepared into a highly dispersed solution and then impregnated on the surface of nickel oxide. After calcination at 900 °C for 2 hours, the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ encapsulated nickel-based anode catalyst is obtained, in which the mass percentage of the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ is 20%.

[0037] Using the perovskite-structured material La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, it is mixed with GDC (weight ratio 50:50) to prepare a composite anode, the GDC membrane is used as the electrolyte, and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O3 and GDC are mixed (weight ratio 50:50) as the cathode to prepare a battery.

[0038] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as the comparative battery, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) is used as the fuel, the perovskite-structured material La0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ The cell performance of the encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material was compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell. At 600 °C, the cell performance increased by about 30%, and at 500 °C, the cell performance increased by about 60%. The cell had good stability. When using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel for the stability test at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell, the decay rate per 100 hours decreased by 80%.

[0039] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC cell as the reference cell, when using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:1) as the fuel, for the perovskite structure La 0.18 Sr 0.76 Ti 0.7 Ni 0.15 Cu 0.15 O 3±δ The cell performance of the encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material was compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell. When operating at 600 °C, the cell performance increased by about 25%, and when operating at 500 °C, the cell performance increased by about 45%. The cell had good stability. When using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:1) as the fuel for the stability test at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode cell, the decay rate per 100 hours decreased by 70%.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] The perovskite structure material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ was prepared by the citric acid method, with a particle size of about 40 nm. After being prepared into a highly dispersed solution, it was impregnated on the surface of nickel oxide and calcined at 900 °C for 2 hours to obtain the perovskite structure material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ encapsulated nickel-based anode catalyst, where the mass percentage of the perovskite structure material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ was 30%.

[0042] Using the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, mixed with GDC (by weight ratio of 50:50) to prepare a composite anode, GDC film as the electrolyte, La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O3 and GDC are mixed (weight ratio of 50:50) as the cathode to prepare the battery.

[0043] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as the reference battery, when using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio of 1:1) as the fuel, the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the battery performance is improved by about 30% at 600 °C and about 55% at 500 °C. The battery has good stability. When using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio of 1:1) as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 60%.

[0044] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as the reference battery, when using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio of 1:0.5) as the fuel, the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.25 Zn 0.25 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the battery performance is improved by about 28% at 600 °C and about 50% at 500 °C. The battery has good stability. When using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio of 1:0.5) as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 80%.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] According to the stoichiometric ratio La 0.1 Sr 0.85Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ (Lanthanum nitrate: strontium nitrate: tetrabutyl titanate: nickel nitrate: copper nitrate = 0.1: 0.85: 0.8: 0.1: 0.1) Prepare a solution, immerse the solution on the surface of nickel oxide, and calcine at 900 °C for 2 hours to obtain a perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based anode catalyst, wherein the mass percentage of the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ is 5%.

[0047] Use the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, mix it with GDC (by weight ratio 60:40) to prepare a composite anode, use the GDC film as the electrolyte, and mix La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O3 and GDC (weight ratio 50:50) as the cathode to prepare a battery.

[0048] Using the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel, compare the battery performance of the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 50%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 90%. The battery has good stability. At 600 °C, use a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel for stability testing. Compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 85%.

[0049] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) as fuel, the perovskite-structured material La 0.1 Sr 0.85 Ti 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material was compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance increased by about 40%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance increased by about 80%. The battery has good stability. When using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) as fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours decreased by 75%.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] According to the stoichiometric ratio La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ (lanthanum nitrate: strontium nitrate: tetrabutyl titanate: nickel nitrate: zinc nitrate = 0.2:0.75:0.6:0.2:0.2) to prepare a solution, impregnate the solution onto the surface of nickel oxide, and calcine at 1000 °C for 2 hours to obtain the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based anode catalyst, where the mass percentage of the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ is 10%.

[0052] Using the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ -coated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, mix it with GDC (by weight ratio 60:40) to prepare a composite anode, use the GDC film as the electrolyte, and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8A battery was prepared with a mixture of O3 and GDC (weight ratio 50:50) as the cathode.

[0053] Using a traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a reference battery, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) was used as the fuel, for the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ The battery performance of the battery with the nickel-based catalyst wrapped with O as the anode catalytic material was compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance increased by about 45%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance increased by about 80%. The battery had good stability. When a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) was used as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours decreased by 90%.

[0054] Using a traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a reference battery, when a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) was used as the fuel, for the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.6 Ni 0.2 Zn 0.2 O 3±δ The battery performance of the battery with the nickel-based catalyst wrapped with O as the anode catalytic material was compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance increased by about 40%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance increased by about 70%. The battery had good stability. When a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) was used as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours decreased by 85%.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] According to the stoichiometric ratio La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O 3±δ (lanthanum nitrate: strontium nitrate: tetrabutyl titanate: nickel nitrate: copper nitrate: zinc nitrate = 0.2:0.75:0.5:0.2:0.15:0.15), a solution was prepared, and the solution was impregnated on the surface of nickel oxide and calcined at 1250 °C for 2 hours to obtain the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O 3± The mass percentage of the wrapped nickel-based anode catalyst, where the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O 3± is 25%.

[0057] Using the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O 3± wrapped nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material, mixed with GDC (by weight ratio 60:40) to prepare a composite anode, GDC film as the electrolyte, La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O3 and GDC are mixed (weight ratio 50:50) as the cathode to prepare the battery.

[0058] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel, the battery performance of the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O 3± wrapped nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material is compared with the performance of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 45%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 90%. The battery has good stability. A stability test is carried out at 600 °C using a mixed solution of ethanol and water (molar ratio 1:2) as the fuel. Compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 80%.

[0059] Taking the traditional Ni-GDC / GDC / LSCF-GDC battery as a comparative battery, when using a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) as the fuel, the perovskite-structured material La 0.2 Sr 0.75 Ti 0.5 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.15 Zn 0.15 O3± The battery performance of the battery with the encapsulated nickel-based catalyst as the anode catalytic material is compared with that of the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery. At 600 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 50%, and at 500 °C, the battery performance is improved by about 95%. The battery has good stability. When a mixed solution of methanol and water (molar ratio 1:0.5) is used as the fuel for stability testing at 600 °C, compared with the traditional Ni-GDC anode battery, the decay rate per 100 hours is reduced by 90%.

[0060] In the present invention, a perovskite structure material is coated on the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst to obtain a highly active anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst. The perovskite structure anode material plays a role in improving the electrode activity and anti-carbon deposition, and the nickel oxide plays a role as a skeleton and in increasing the anode conductivity. When this battery anode catalyst is used in a solid oxide fuel cell and methanol or ethanol is used as the fuel, it has the characteristics of high anti-carbon deposition and high activity. The battery anode catalyst of the present invention can greatly improve the performance and stability of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0061] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the essence of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst, characterized in that, The anode catalyst is prepared by wrapping a perovskite-structured material on the surface of a nickel oxide catalyst; The perovskite structure material is: [La x Sr (1-x) y Ti (1-z-a) Ni z B a O 3±δ , where B is one or both of Cu and Zn, δ represents the oxygen non-stoichiometric value caused by doping, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, 0.9 ≤ y ≤ 1.1, 0 < z ≤ 0.4, 0 < a ≤ 0.4;​ The mass percentage content of the perovskite-structured material is 1% to 40%; The particle size of the perovskite-structured material is 1 to 200 nanometers; Wrapping the perovskite-structured material on the surface of the nickel oxide catalyst includes the following steps: Preparing a solution with the perovskite-structured material, then directly impregnating the solution onto the surface of the nickel oxide catalyst, and calcining to obtain a nickel-based anode catalyst wrapped with the perovskite-structured material; Or preparing a solution according to the stoichiometric ratio of the perovskite-structured material, then directly impregnating the solution onto the nickel-based composite anode, and calcining to obtain a nickel-based anode catalyst wrapped with the perovskite-structured material; The mass percentage concentration of the solution is 0.2% to 20%; The calcination temperature is 800 to 1300 °C, and the calcination time is 2 to 10 hours; The anode catalyst is used in a solid oxide fuel cell, using methanol or ethanol as fuel.

2. An electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, It includes the high-activity anti-carbon deposition solid oxide fuel cell anode catalyst described in claim 1.

3. A solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, It includes the electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell described in claim 2.