First arrival picking method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present application provides a first arrival picking method, device, equipment and storage medium, including acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes multiple seismic traces; based on a picking time window of a preset size, using an energy ratio method to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace; determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information; determining first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and in particular to a first arrival picking method, device, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Since the 1960s, vibrators have become one of the important excitation sources in seismic exploration. In the field of international seismic exploration, vibrators have become the most important excitation source and are widely used in oil and gas exploration and development. In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of geophysical exploration technology and equipment, as well as the continuous and large demand for energy in the development of the national economy and strategic security, seismic exploration has gradually moved to high-difficulty areas. As oil exploration gradually moves towards the international market, vibrator technology is also widely used in actual exploration, especially the efficient acquisition method of vibrators, which greatly improves the exploration efficiency and reduces the cost of vibrator seismic exploration.

[0003] At present, there are five main methods for efficient acquisition of vibroseis: Flip-Flop Sweep, Slip Sweep, Independent Simultaneous Sources, Distance Separated Simultaneous Sweeping, and DS4. Among them, the independent scanning technology (ISS) is to disperse multiple groups of vibroseis sources within the planned construction range, and deploy all the corresponding ground acquisition equipment at one time to form a super arrangement. A super arrangement receiving and acquisition system for seismic instruments is established. Each group of vibroseis sources is independent of each other and does not need to be connected to the instrument. The two systems of vibroseis sources and instruments work independently. After the vibroseis sources arrive at the excitation point and are ready, they are excited autonomously, and the instrument receives in real time. In general, the seismic data collected by the independent scanning technology (ISS) are seriously interfered by the noise of neighboring shots, and the initial arrival point is difficult to identify. Moreover, efficient construction leads to a doubling of the original seismic data, which poses a challenge to subsequent seismic data processing, especially first-arrival picking. Among the related technologies, the accuracy of first-arrival picking is not high and the efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present application provides a first-arrival picking method, device, equipment and storage medium.

[0005] The present application provides a first arrival picking method, comprising:

[0006] Acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces;

[0007] Based on the preset picking time window, the energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace;

[0008] Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0009] First target first arrival information is determined from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0010] In some embodiments, determining the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio includes:

[0011] Determine a signal-to-noise ratio that is greater than or equal to a signal-to-noise ratio threshold as a target signal-to-noise ratio;

[0012] The initial first-arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio is determined as the first target first-arrival information.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0014] Based on the preset offset information, each seismic trace is grouped to obtain each offset trace gather;

[0015] Determine first target first arrival information corresponding to a target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from each offset gather;

[0016] Determine the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather;

[0017] With the offset as the abscissa and the first arrival time as the ordinate, the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather is output based on the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0019] Determine the first arrival distribution density of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather;

[0020] Determining a main trend of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the first arrival distribution density;

[0021] The first target first arrival information outside the main trend is deleted to obtain the second target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0023] receiving deletion information of the third target first arrival information in the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather;

[0024] Based on the deletion information, the third target first arrival information is deleted to obtain fourth target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0026] Based on the seismic data, determining a search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace;

[0027] Based on the search center point and the preset time window boundary, a picking time window of a preset size is determined.

[0028] In some embodiments, determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic traces in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information includes:

[0029] Determine the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0030] The signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic traces in each picking time window is determined based on the background noise.

[0031] The embodiment of the present application provides a first arrival picking device, comprising:

[0032] An acquisition module, used for acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces;

[0033] A first determination module is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace by using an energy ratio method based on a picking time window of a preset size;

[0034] The second determination module is used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0035] The third determination module is used to determine the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0036] An embodiment of the present application provides a first-arrival picking device, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, any one of the first-arrival picking methods described above is executed.

[0037] An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, which stores a computer program that can be executed by one or more processors and can be used to implement any of the first-arrival picking methods described above.

[0038] The present application provides a first arrival picking method, device, equipment and storage medium, which uses an energy ratio method to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic channel based on a picking time window of a preset size, and then calculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic channel in the picking window corresponding to each initial first arrival information, and determines the first target first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio, which can improve the accuracy of first arrival picking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Hereinafter, the present application will be described in more detail based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of another first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of another first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the implementation process of another first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of single shot first arrival information after extraction of ISS seismic records in a certain work area provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of single shot first arrival information extracted by energy ratio from ISS seismic records of a certain work area provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a comparison of the first arrival of a single shot before and after batch rejection provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the comparison of the single shot first arrival picking effect before and after batch elimination of autonomous scanning seismic records provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig. 9 A comparative schematic diagram of a single-shot tomography static correction provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.10 A schematic diagram for comparing the effects of a single-shot tomography correction stacked section provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first arrival picking device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.12A schematic diagram of the composition structure of the first-arrival picking device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components and the drawings are not drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] In the following description, reference is made to “some embodiments”, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it will be understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0055] If similar descriptions of "first\second\third" appear in the application documents, the following instructions will be added. In the following description, the terms "first\second\third" involved are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It can be understood that "first\second\third" can be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0057] Based on the problems existing in the related art, an embodiment of the present application provides a first-arrival picking method, which is applied to a first-arrival picking device. The first-arrival picking device can be a computer, a mobile terminal, etc. The function implemented by the first-arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by calling a program code by a processor of an electronic device, wherein the program code can be stored in a computer storage medium.

[0058] Embodiment 1

[0059] The present application embodiment provides a first arrival picking method. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the implementation process of a first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0060] Step S101, obtaining seismic data of a controllable vibrator.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, the first arrival picking device can be connected to the acquisition instrument to obtain the seismic data of the controllable vibrator collected by the acquisition instrument. The seismic data includes multiple seismic traces.

[0062] Step S102: Based on a picking time window of a preset size, an energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present application, a preset size of the picking window can be pre-set, and the search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace can be determined based on the seismic data; based on the search center point and the preset time window boundary, the preset size of the picking window is determined. There are multiple search center points for each seismic trace, and the range of the preset time window boundary can be within 50ms to 150ms above and below the search center point, that is, the range of the preset size of the picking window is 100ms to 300ms. Exemplarily, the preset time window boundary is 100ms above and below the search center point, then the preset size of the picking window is 200. In an embodiment of the present application, the preset time window boundary needs to be tested, and too large or too small will affect the picking accuracy and speed. In some embodiments, the guiding speed of the first arrival trend picking dynamic correction can be pre-set as the center point, and the picking window of the preset size is determined based on the time window boundary. Exemplarily, with the picking guiding speed as the center point, 50-150ms above and below are taken as the time window boundary, that is, the time window size is 100-300ms.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, by presetting a picking time window of a preset size, the energy ratio method can be used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace. In the embodiment of the present application, the initial first arrival information may include the first arrival starting point, the first arrival time, and the like.

[0065] Step S103, determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, after each initial first arrival information is determined, the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined, and then the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be calculated. In the embodiment of the present application, the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined based on the cross-correlation method; the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window is determined based on the background noise.

[0067] Step S104, determining first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, a signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be pre-set, and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be obtained based on empirical data. After the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value is pre-set, the size relationship between each signal-to-noise ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be compared, so as to determine the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on the size relationship. In the embodiment of the present application, a signal-to-noise ratio greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be determined as the target signal-to-noise ratio; the initial first arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio can be determined as the first target first arrival information. The initial first arrival information corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be deleted. In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be adjusted to control the picking accuracy. For example, when the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value is small, then there may be more signal-to-noise ratios greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and the first target first arrival information obtained is also more. When the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value is large, the signal-to-noise ratio greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value is relatively small, and the first target first arrival information obtained is also relatively small.

[0069] The present application provides a first arrival picking method which is based on a picking time window of preset size, adopts an energy ratio method to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic channel, and then calculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic channel in the picking window corresponding to each initial first arrival information, and determines the first target first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio, which can improve the accuracy of first arrival picking.

[0070] Embodiment 2

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, the present application further provides a first arrival picking method. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of another first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0072] Step S201, acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, the first arrival picking device can be connected to the acquisition instrument to obtain the seismic data of the controllable vibroseis collected by the acquisition instrument. The seismic data includes multiple seismic traces.

[0074] Step S202: Based on a preset picking time window, an energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present application, a preset size of the picking window can be pre-set, and the search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace can be determined based on the seismic data; based on the search center point and the preset time window boundary, the preset size of the picking window is determined. There are multiple search center points for each seismic trace, and the range of the preset time window boundary can be within 50ms to 150ms above and below the search center point, that is, the range of the preset size of the picking window is 100ms to 300ms. Exemplarily, the preset time window boundary is 100ms above and below the search center point, then the preset size of the picking window is 200. In an embodiment of the present application, the preset time window boundary needs to be tested, and too large or too small will affect the picking accuracy and speed. In some embodiments, the guiding speed of the first arrival trend picking dynamic correction can be pre-set as the center point, and the picking window of the preset size is determined based on the time window boundary. Exemplarily, with the picking guiding speed as the center point, 50-150ms above and below are taken as the time window boundary, that is, the time window size is 100-300ms. By presetting a preset size of the picking time window, the energy ratio method can be used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace. In the embodiment of the present application, the initial first arrival information may include the first arrival starting point, the first arrival time, and the like.

[0076] Step S203, determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present application, after each initial first arrival information is determined, the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined, and then the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be calculated. In the embodiment of the present application, the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined based on the cross-correlation method; the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window is determined based on the background noise.

[0078] Step S204, comparing the signal-to-noise ratio of each seismic trace in each picking time window with the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, step S205 is executed, and when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, step S207 is executed. In the embodiment of the present application, the signal-to-noise ratio threshold can be adjusted to control the picking accuracy.

[0080] Step S205: determine a signal-to-noise ratio that is greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold as a target signal-to-noise ratio.

[0081] Step S206: determining the initial first-arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio as the first target first-arrival information.

[0082] Step S207: delete the first arrival information corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio that is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0083] The first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application determines the initial first arrival information by the energy ratio method, and then calculates the seismic trace signal-to-noise ratio of the picking window corresponding to each initial first arrival information, and controls the picking accuracy of the first arrival by the signal-to-noise ratio threshold. The method provided in the embodiment of the present application can realize the picking of the first arrival in areas with large background noise, serious interference from adjacent shots, and low signal-to-noise ratio.

[0084] Embodiment 3

[0085] Based on the above embodiments, the present application further provides a first arrival picking method. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of another first arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, including:

[0086] Step S301, acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the first arrival picking device can be connected to the acquisition instrument to obtain the seismic data of the controllable vibrator collected by the acquisition instrument.

[0088] Step S302: Based on a picking time window of a preset size, an energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present application, a picking window of a preset size can be pre-set, and the search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace can be determined based on the seismic data; based on the search center point and the preset time window boundary, a picking time window of a preset size can be determined. In the embodiment of the present application, by pre-setting a picking time window of a preset size, the energy ratio method can be used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace. In the embodiment of the present application, the initial first arrival information can include the first arrival starting point, the first arrival time, etc.

[0090] Step S303, determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present application, after each initial first arrival information is determined, the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined, and then the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be calculated. In the embodiment of the present application, the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information can be determined based on the cross-correlation method; the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window is determined based on the background noise.

[0092] Step S304: determining first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present application, a signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be preset, and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be obtained based on empirical data. After the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value is preset, the size relationship between each signal-to-noise ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be compared, so as to determine the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on the size relationship. In an embodiment of the present application, a signal-to-noise ratio greater than or equal to the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be determined as a target signal-to-noise ratio; the initial first arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio is determined as the first target first arrival information. The initial first arrival information corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be deleted. In an embodiment of the present application, the size of the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value can be adjusted to control the picking accuracy.

[0094] Step S305: grouping the seismic traces based on the preset offset information to obtain offset trace gathers.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the offset distance information can be pre-set. After the offset distance information is determined, each seismic trace can be grouped according to the offset distance information to obtain each offset distance gather. In the embodiment of the present application, when setting the offset distance information, the surface conditions can be considered. When the surface conditions are complex, the offset distance information can be set smaller to obtain more offset distance gathers. In the embodiment of the present application, when there are many offset distance gathers, multiple guide speeds can be obtained when picking up the first arrival, so that the space change of the dynamic calibration speed can be realized, and the first arrival automatic picking can be better guided.

[0096] Step S306, determining the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from various offset gathers.

[0097] In the embodiment of the present application, the target offset gather is determined from each offset gather, and the target offset gather may be all of the offset gathers or may be selected from the offset gathers. After the target offset gather is determined, the first target initial arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather may be determined.

[0098] Step S307: determining the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0099] Step S308, using the offset as the abscissa and the first arrival time as the ordinate, outputting the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather is transferred to the CMP domain according to the shot spacing information and the first arrival time information, so that the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather can be intuitively displayed.

[0101] In some embodiments, after step S308, the method further includes:

[0102] Step S309, determining the first arrival distribution density of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather.

[0103] In the embodiment of the present application, after the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather output in the CMP domain is obtained, the distribution density of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather output in the CMP domain may be calculated.

[0104] Step S310: determining a main trend of first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the first arrival distribution density.

[0105] In the embodiment of the present application, the main trend of the first target first arrival information in the CMP domain can be determined based on the density.

[0106] Step S311, deleting the first target first arrival information outside the main trend to obtain the second target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, after the main trend is determined, the first target initial arrival information outside the main trend can be determined, and the first target initial arrival information can be deleted to obtain the final second target initial arrival information.

[0108] The first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application can batch delete the first arrival information of the first target that is unexpected from the main trend according to the distribution density of the first arrival information of the first target in the CMP, and obtain the final second target first arrival information, that is, retain the most accurate first arrival information, and then when performing static correction based on the second target first arrival information, better well correction effect can be achieved.

[0109] Embodiment 4

[0110] Based on the above embodiments, the present application further provides a first arrival picking method, the first arrival picking method comprising:

[0111] Step S401, acquiring seismic data of a vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces;

[0112] Step S402, based on a preset picking time window, an energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace;

[0113] Step S403, determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0114] Step S404: determining first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0115] Step S405, grouping the seismic traces based on the preset offset information to obtain offset trace gathers;

[0116] Step S406, determining the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from various offset gathers;

[0117] Step S407, determining the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather;

[0118] Step S408, using the offset as the abscissa and the first arrival time as the ordinate, outputting the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather.

[0119] Step S409: receiving deletion information of the third target first arrival information in the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather.

[0120] In an embodiment of the present application, the first arrival picking device can receive a user's input operation, and the input operation is used to delete the third target first arrival information in the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset range set. After the first arrival picking device receives the input operation, it determines the third target first arrival information.

[0121] Step S410: based on the deletion information, the third target first arrival information is deleted to obtain fourth target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0122] In the embodiment of the present application, the first arrival picking device deletes the first arrival information of the third target based on the deletion information, and only displays the first arrival information of the fourth target corresponding to the target offset gather in the CMP domain.

[0123] The first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application can receive the user's operation after displaying the first arrival information of the first target in the CMP domain, and batch delete the first arrival information of the third target, thereby improving the efficiency of first arrival picking. The human-computer interaction operation is adopted, and the processing of the first arrival information is more intuitive and simple.

[0124] Embodiment 5

[0125] Based on the foregoing embodiments, the present application provides a first arrival picking method, including:

[0126] Step S501, defining the picking guide speed.

[0127] Seismic records are grouped by offset. The more complex the surface, the more offset groups can be appropriately increased, so as to accurately pick up the NMO guidance velocity along the first arrival trend. For areas with complex terrain, multiple guidance velocities can be picked up to achieve spatial variation of the NMO velocity and better guide the automatic picking of the first arrival.

[0128] Step S502, selecting a picking time window.

[0129] Taking the picking guide speed as the center point, 50ms-150ms are taken as the time window boundaries, that is, the time window size is 100ms-300ms. The determination of the time window size needs to be tested. Too large or too small will affect the picking accuracy and speed.

[0130] Step S503, automatic picking up at first arrival.

[0131] According to the cross-correlation method, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in the time window is statistically calculated. Then, the picking position is determined according to the energy ratio method. During the picking process, the picking accuracy can be controlled by the threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0132] Step S504: Batch edit and delete CMP domains.

[0133] According to the density of the first arrival distribution, the first arrival points outside the main trend are deleted in batches, and only the most accurate first arrivals are retained for post-processing.

[0134] The first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application utilizes the background noise recognition technology of relevant attributes and the intelligent correlation energy ratio method to quickly and accurately locate the first arrival picking point. This method is particularly suitable for picking first arrivals in areas with large background noise, severe interference from adjacent shots, and low signal-to-noise ratio. Human-computer interactive batch editing removes first arrival picking points, further improving the first arrival picking accuracy and efficiency. The first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the application is applied to ISS seismic data with large data volume and high coverage times, and a good first arrival picking and static correction effect is achieved. The first arrival picking quality meets the requirements of static correction and later seismic data processing.

[0135] Embodiment 6

[0136] Based on the above embodiments, the present application provides a first arrival picking method. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of another first arrival picking method provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown as follows: Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0137] Step S601, using the correlation energy ratio method to identify the first arrival take-off point.

[0138] First, input the ISS seismic data, select the appropriate picking time window, and determine the first arrival picking position according to the correlation energy ratio method.

[0139] Step S602, determining whether the first arrival take-off point is identified.

[0140] In the embodiment of the present application, when the initial arrival point is identified, step S603 is executed.

[0141] Step S603: identifying the relevant attribute background noise.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the background noise is estimated based on the cross-correlation method, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic traces in the time window is statistically calculated.

[0143] Step S604: determine whether the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than a signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0144] In the embodiment of the present application, when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, step S605 is executed, and when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, step S605 is executed. The picking accuracy can be controlled by the threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0145] Step S605, deleting the first arrival picking position whose signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0146] Step S606: convert the first arrival pick-up position corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio being greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold to the CMP domain.

[0147] Step S607, determining whether the first arrival time is deviated.

[0148] When there is a deviation in the first arrival time, step S608 is executed, and when there is no deviation in the first arrival time, step S609 is executed.

[0149] Step S608, deleting the first arrival picking position whose first arrival time deviates.

[0150] Step S609, outputting the first arrival picking position with no first arrival time offset.

[0151] In the embodiment of the present application, according to the density of the first arrival distribution, the first arrival points outside the main trend are deleted in batches, and only the most accurate first arrivals are retained for post-processing.

[0152] Step S610, performing quality inspection.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, when the quality inspection fails, step S603 is executed, and when the quality inspection passes, step S611 is executed.

[0154] Step S611, static correction is performed using the first arrival pick-up position that has passed the quality inspection.

[0155] The following is a case analysis of the first arrival picking of ISS seismic data in a certain work area. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first arrival information of a single shot after extraction of ISS seismic records in a certain work area. Figure 5 As shown, through Figure 5 It can be seen that the background noise of the high single shot is serious, the first arrival energy is not prominent, and the interference of neighboring shots is also mixed in the seismic record, which makes it very difficult to accurately pick up the first arrival.

[0156] The seismic records are divided into 8 groups according to the shot offset, and the picking guide speed is defined. Since the surface of the test area is relatively simple, 3-10 dynamic correction guide speeds can well control the first arrival trend. The picking window is defined as a window range of 280ms centered on the guide speed. The first arrival is picked using the correlation energy ratio method. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of single shot first arrival information extracted by energy ratio from ISS seismic records of a certain work area provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 6 As shown, through Figure 6 and Figure 5 In comparison, it can be seen Figure 6 The first arrival accuracy of the pick-up is higher.

[0157] The first arrivals are screened by signal-to-noise ratio and converted to the CMP domain. According to the first arrival distribution density, the first arrival anomalies are eliminated in batches, and only the most accurate first arrivals are retained for subsequent static correction processing. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a comparison of the first arrival of a single shot before and after batch elimination provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, in Figure 7 The left picture in the figure is the first arrival picture of a single shot without batch elimination. Figure 7 The middle right picture is a single shot first arrival map after batch elimination. It can be seen that the first arrival distribution abnormal points and the first arrival points with low distribution density have been deleted.

[0158] Figure 8 A schematic diagram comparing the single shot first arrival picking effect before and after batch elimination of autonomous scanning seismic records provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 8 The middle left picture is a schematic diagram of the single shot first arrival picking effect without batch culling. Figure 8 The middle right picture is a schematic diagram of the single shot first arrival picking effect after batch removal. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the first arrival point mistakenly picked at the interface between the neighboring shot interference and the first arrival of the seismic record has been well eliminated.

[0159] Applying tomostatic correction to autonomous scanning seismic records. Fig. 9 A comparative schematic diagram of a single-shot tomography static correction provided in an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 9 The middle left figure is a schematic diagram of the effect of static correction of the initial arrival point in the prior art. Fig. 9 The middle right figure is a schematic diagram of the effect of static correction using the initial arrival point obtained in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 As shown, after the initial arrival point obtained in the embodiment of the present application is subjected to static correction, the initial arrival obtained is smooth and the continuity of the same-direction axis is better. Fig.10 A schematic diagram for comparing the effects of a single-shot tomography correction stacking section provided in an embodiment of the present application, Fig.10 The middle left figure is a schematic diagram of the effect of static correction superposition section at the first arrival point in the prior art. Fig.10 The figure on the right is a schematic diagram of the effect of the stacked section using the first arrival point obtained in the embodiment of the present application for static correction. Fig.10 As shown, on the stacked section, the continuity of the same-direction axis of the stacked section obtained by the embodiment of the present application for static correction at the initial arrival point is significantly improved. After applying the tomographic static correction technology to the autonomous scanning data, a good static correction effect is achieved.

[0160] Embodiment 7

[0161] Based on the foregoing embodiments, the embodiments of the present application provide a first-arrival picking device, and the modules included in the device, as well as the units included in each module, can be implemented by a processor in a computer device; of course, they can also be implemented by a specific logic circuit; in the implementation process, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor (MPU, Microprocessor Unit), a digital signal processor (DSP, Digital Signal Processing) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array), etc.

[0162] The embodiment of the present application provides a first arrival picking device, Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first arrival picking device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, the first arrival picking device 1100 includes:

[0163] An acquisition module 1101 is used to acquire seismic data of a vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces;

[0164] A first determination module 1102 is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace by using an energy ratio method based on a picking time window of a preset size;

[0165] The second determination module 1103 is used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0166] The third determination module 1104 is used to determine the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on various signal-to-noise ratios, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information.

[0167] In some embodiments, the third determining module 1104 includes:

[0168] A first determining unit, configured to determine a signal-to-noise ratio greater than or equal to a signal-to-noise ratio threshold as a target signal-to-noise ratio;

[0169] The second determining unit is used to determine that the initial first-arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio is the first target first-arrival information.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first arrival picking device 1100 further includes:

[0171] A grouping module, used for grouping each seismic trace based on preset offset information to obtain each offset trace gather;

[0172] A fourth determination module is used to determine first target first arrival information corresponding to a target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from various offset gathers;

[0173] A fifth determination module, configured to determine the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather;

[0174] The output module is used to output the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather, with the offset as the horizontal coordinate and the first arrival time as the vertical coordinate.

[0175] In some embodiments, the first arrival picking device 1100 further includes:

[0176] A sixth determination module, used to determine the first arrival distribution density of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather;

[0177] A seventh determination module, configured to determine a main trend of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the first arrival distribution density;

[0178] The first deletion module is used to delete the first target first arrival information outside the main trend to obtain the second target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0179] In some embodiments, the first arrival picking device 1100 further includes:

[0180] A receiving module, used for receiving deletion information of the third target first arrival information in the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather;

[0181] The second deletion module is used to delete the third target first arrival information based on the deletion information to obtain the fourth target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first arrival picking device 1100 further includes:

[0183] An eighth determination module, used to determine the search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace based on the seismic data;

[0184] The ninth determination module is used to determine a picking time window of a preset size based on the search center point and a preset time window boundary.

[0185] In some embodiments, the second determining module 1103 includes:

[0186] The third determination unit is used to determine the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information;

[0187] The fourth determination unit is used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window based on the background noise.

[0188] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, if the above-mentioned first arrival picking method is implemented in the form of a software function module, and when it is sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM, ReadOnly Memory), a disk or an optical disk. In this way, the embodiment of the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0189] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the first arrival picking method provided in the above embodiment are implemented.

[0190] Embodiment 8

[0191] The embodiment of the present application provides a first arrival picking device; Fig.12A schematic diagram of the composition structure of the first arrival picking device provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Fig.12 As shown, the electronic device 1200 includes: a processor 1201, at least one communication bus 1202, a user interface 1203, at least one external communication interface 1204, and a memory 1205. The communication bus 1202 is configured to realize the connection communication between these components. The user interface 1203 may include a display screen, and the external communication interface 1204 may include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The processor 1201 is configured to execute the program of the first-arrival picking method stored in the memory to implement the steps in the first-arrival picking method provided in the above embodiment.

[0192] The description of the above display device and storage medium embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the computer device and storage medium embodiments of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of this application for understanding.

[0193] It should be noted here that the description of the above storage medium and device embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the storage medium and device embodiments of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of this application for understanding.

[0194] It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. The above-mentioned sequence numbers of the embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0195] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0196] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0197] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0198] In addition, all functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be a separate unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0199] A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that: all or part of the steps of implementing the above-mentioned method embodiment can be completed by hardware related to program instructions, and the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it executes the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiment; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: mobile storage devices, read-only memories (ROM, Read Only Memory), disks or optical disks, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0200] Alternatively, if the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present application is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for a controller to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0201] The above is only an implementation method of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A first arrival picking method, characterized in that: include: Acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces; Based on the preset picking time window, the energy ratio method is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace; Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace within the picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information; Determining first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information; the method further comprises: Based on the preset offset information, each seismic trace is grouped to obtain each offset trace gather; Determine first target first arrival information corresponding to a target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from each offset gather; Determine the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather; With the offset as the abscissa and the first arrival time as the ordinate, the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather is output based on the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining the first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio comprises: Determine a signal-to-noise ratio that is greater than or equal to a signal-to-noise ratio threshold as a target signal-to-noise ratio; The initial first-arrival information corresponding to the target signal-to-noise ratio is determined as the first target first-arrival information.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Determine the first arrival distribution density of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather; Determining a main trend of the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the first arrival distribution density; The first target first arrival information outside the main trend is deleted to obtain the second target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: receiving deletion information of the third target first arrival information in the first target first arrival information corresponding to the output target offset gather; Based on the deletion information, the third target first arrival information is deleted to obtain the fourth target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on the seismic data, determining a search center point of the first arrival of each seismic trace; Based on the search center point and the preset time window boundary, a picking time window of a preset size is determined.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic traces in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information comprises: Determine the background noise of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information; The signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic traces in each picking time window is determined based on the background noise.

7. A first arrival picking device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used for acquiring seismic data of a controllable vibrator, wherein the seismic data includes a plurality of seismic traces; A first determination module is used to determine the initial first arrival information of each seismic trace by using an energy ratio method based on a picking time window of a preset size; The second determination module is used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace in each picking time window corresponding to each initial first arrival information; a third determination module, configured to determine first target first arrival information from the initial first arrival information based on each signal-to-noise ratio, so as to perform first arrival picking based on the first target first arrival information; the device further comprises: A grouping module, used for grouping each seismic trace based on preset offset information to obtain each offset trace gather; A fourth determination module is used to determine first target first arrival information corresponding to a target offset gather, wherein the target offset gather is determined from various offset gathers; A fifth determination module, configured to determine the offset information and the first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather based on the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather; The output module is used to output the first target first arrival information corresponding to the target offset gather based on the offset information and first arrival time information of each seismic trace in the target offset gather, with the offset as the horizontal coordinate and the first arrival time as the vertical coordinate.

8. A first arrival picking device, characterized in that: It comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the first arrival picking method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is executed.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that: The computer program stored in the storage medium can be executed by one or more processors and can be used to implement the first-arrival picking method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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