Bionic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate

Abstract

The application relates to the field of medical devices and discloses a bionic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate which comprises a positioning plate, a pressure nail test model fixed at one end of the positioning plate, and a tension nail test model fixed at one end of the pressure nail test model, an included angle is formed between the tension nail test model and the pressure nail test model, the included angle is an acute angle; one end of the pressure nail test model is fixed at one side of the surface of the positioning plate, a straight line in the length direction of the pressure nail test model is perpendicular to the surface of the positioning plate, the tension nail test model and the pressure nail test model are located in the same plane; and a plurality of positioning holes are arranged on the positioning plate in a spaced mode. The application can effectively improve the positioning deviation of the tension nail and the pressure nail caused by human operation errors in hip joint surgery, and the effect of prosthesis assembly is affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical devices, and in particular to a biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the popularization of hip replacement technology and the improvement of stem design in biocompatible femoral prostheses, the clinical application of various hip prostheses has been increasing. Traditional total hip prostheses disrupt the normal biomechanical structure of the proximal femur, achieving fixation solely through friction with the medullary cavity. Elderly patients, whose bone density is generally lower, are prone to complications such as prosthesis subsidence and rotation early in implantation. Furthermore, traditional total hip prostheses suffer from stress shielding effects, reducing stress distribution in the proximal femur and leading to continuous bone loss during remodeling, resulting in long-term complications such as aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fractures.

[0003] To address the common clinical problems associated with traditional total hip prostheses, Zhang Dianying's team proposed a lever reconstruction balance theory based on the normal biomechanical characteristics of the proximal femur. This theory posits that the proximal femur forms a force-reducing lever structure, with the physiological fulcrum close to the center of the femoral head, and the lever arm composed of pressure and tension trabecular bone.

[0004] In related technologies, bionic prostheses typically include a ball head and a pressure pin. A tension pin is also fixed to the side of the ball head where the pressure pin is located. The tension pin passes through the pressure pin and is intersected with it. The fixation point between the ball head and the tension pin forms a new hip joint fulcrum. The position of this hip joint fulcrum is close to the ball head, allowing the postoperative prosthetic joint to reconstruct a force-intensive lever structure in conjunction with the remaining bone, including the femoral neck.

[0005] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that errors caused by human operation during hip surgery can lead to positioning deviations in tension screws and pressure screws. This results in the pressure screws being unable to accurately pass through the pre-drilled holes, making it impossible to establish a reconstruction fulcrum that is close to or coincides with the physiological fulcrum of the proximal femoral head, thus affecting the fitting and lifespan of the prosthesis. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to effectively improve the problem that the positioning deviation of tension screws and pressure screws is easily caused by human error in hip joint surgery, which affects the fitting of the prosthesis, this application provides a bionic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide.

[0007] The biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate includes a positioning plate, a pressure screw template fixed at one end to the positioning plate, and a tension screw template fixed at one end to the pressure screw template. There is an angle between the tension screw template and the pressure screw template, and the angle is an acute angle.

[0009] One end of the pressure nail test mold is fixed to one side of the positioning plate. The straight line along the length of the pressure nail test mold is perpendicular to the surface of the positioning plate. The tension nail test mold and the pressure nail test mold are located in the same plane.

[0010] Multiple positioning holes are spaced apart on the positioning plate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, during the operation, when using an oscillating saw to cut the femoral neck, a positioning plate is used to ensure that the plate surface coincides with the osteotomy end face. At this time, the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion is located above the tension screw trial mold, which helps the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion to resist the subsequent implanted tension screw, facilitating the stability of the prosthesis. After determining the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion, the operator can observe the width of the cancellous bone of the femoral neck through the positioning hole, and then determine the center of the femoral neck. After completing the positioning, Kirschner wires are used for positioning, a soft drill is used to drill a hole, and the pressure screw prosthesis is implanted. After the pressure screw is implanted, the ball head trial mold is used to position the angle of the tension screw, ensuring that the position of the tension screw prosthesis is determined and will not deviate. This positioning guide plate is simple to operate and accurate in positioning, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of the operation. At the same time, the positioning hole can guide the pressure screw to the determined implantation angle, thereby effectively reducing deviation and shortening the operation time. In addition, this application can bring the reconstruction point of the proximal femur closer to the physiological fulcrum and biomimetically reconstruct the pressure and tension trabeculae, restoring the original force-bearing lever structure.

[0012] Optionally, a viewing plate is provided in the middle of the positioning plate for easy observation, and the positioning hole is made on the viewing plate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the fluoroscopic plate makes it easier for staff to observe the width of the cancellous bone of the femoral neck, thereby making it easier for staff to determine the center of the femoral neck and shortening the operation time.

[0014] Optionally, multiple horizontal lines are etched at intervals along the width of the viewing plate, with the horizontal lines parallel to the straight line along the length of the viewing plate, and multiple positioning holes are spaced apart along the length of the horizontal lines.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the transverse control line can help staff determine the center of the femoral neck, making it easier for staff to observe and positioning more accurately.

[0016] Optionally, multiple longitudinal lines are engraved along the length of the perspective plate. The longitudinal lines are parallel to the straight line in the width direction of the perspective plate. The longitudinal lines intersect with the transverse lines, and the positioning holes are opened at the intersection of the longitudinal lines and the transverse lines.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the longitudinal and transverse lines work together to make the position of the positioning holes clearer and more convenient for workers to position them.

[0018] Optionally, graduations are engraved on the end of each horizontal line on the positioning plate, and graduations are engraved on the end of each vertical line on the positioning plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, since both the vertical and horizontal lines are engraved at intervals, the distance between two adjacent lines is equal. The scale can help the staff to more clearly identify the positioning holes and determine the distance to the center point.

[0020] Optionally, both the vertical and horizontal lines can be drawn in an odd number, with the line drawn at the middle position being the center line.

[0021] Optionally, a "zero" point is marked at the end of the center line on the positioning plate, and scales are marked on both sides of the "zero" point in a direction away from the "zero" point, with the scales corresponding to the marking lines one by one.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the "zero" point is the center, and the symmetrically engraved numbers make the position of the positioning hole clearer and easier for staff to perform center positioning, reducing errors and minimizing the impact of prosthesis assembly.

[0023] Optionally, the positioning plate, pressure nail mold, and tension nail mold are all made of resin.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the resin is lightweight, making it easy for staff to handle.

[0025] Optionally, an arc-shaped edge can be added to the side of the positioning plate away from the pressure nail mold.

[0026] Optionally, the positioning holes located on the same horizontal line are connected.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, more reference positioning points can be provided for staff, thereby making the center determination more accurate, reducing errors, and minimizing the impact on prosthesis assembly.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] By setting up positioning plates, pressure nail test molds, and tension nail test molds, the reconstruction point of the proximal femur can be brought close to the physiological fulcrum, and the pressure and tension trabeculae can be biomimetically reconstructed to restore the original force-consuming lever structure.

[0030] By setting up a fluoroscopic board, it becomes easier for staff to determine the center of the femoral neck, thus shortening the operation time;

[0031] By setting horizontal control lines, staff can be helped to determine the center of the femoral neck, making it easier for them to observe and locate the femoral neck more accurately. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide from another perspective.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tension nail test mold; 2. Pressure nail test mold; 3. Positioning plate; 31. Groove; 4. Perspective plate; 41. Horizontal control line; 42. Vertical control line; 43. Positioning hole. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-2 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0036] This application discloses a biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate.

[0037] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 A biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide includes a positioning plate 3, a pressure screw mold 2 fixed at one end to the positioning plate 3, and a tension screw mold 1 fixed at one end to the pressure screw mold 2. The straight line along the length direction of the pressure screw mold 2 is perpendicular to the surface of the positioning plate 3, and the axis of the tension screw mold 1 is in the same plane as the axis of the pressure screw mold 2. The positioning plate 3, the pressure screw mold 2, and the tension screw mold 1 are all made of resin.

[0038] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 One side of the positioning plate 3 is machined into an arc shape to adapt to the end face of the bone resection during surgery, making the positioning more accurate and achieving better surgical results. The center of the arc containing the arc side is located inside the positioning plate 3.

[0039] The pressure nail test mold 2 is strip-shaped with a rectangular cross-section. One end of the pressure nail test mold 2 is fixed to the middle position on the side of the positioning plate 3 away from the arc edge of the positioning plate 3, and the other end is suspended.

[0040] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 Tension nail mold 1 is strip-shaped, and pressure nail mold 2 has a rectangular cross-section. One end of tension nail mold 1 is fixed to the side of pressure nail mold 2, and the other end is suspended. The area of ​​the rectangular cross-section of tension nail mold 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the rectangular cross-section of pressure nail mold 2.

[0041] In this embodiment, the angle between the straight line containing the length direction of the tension nail test mold 1 and the straight line containing the length direction of the pressure nail test mold 2 is 40°. This angle is consistent with the angle between the tension nail and the pressure nail when they are implanted. During the surgery, this angle will be adjusted according to the patient's individual condition.

[0042] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 A groove 31 is provided at the center of the positioning plate 3, and a transparent plate 4 adapted to the groove 31 is fitted into the groove 31. The surface of the transparent plate 4 is coplanar with the surface of the positioning plate 3. The transparent plate 4 is located in the middle of the positioning plate 3. The line containing the length direction of the transparent plate 4 is parallel to the line containing the length direction of the positioning plate 3, and the line containing the width direction of the transparent plate 4 is parallel to the line containing the width direction of the positioning plate 3.

[0043] Multiple horizontal lines 41 are drawn at intervals along the width direction of the perspective plate 4, and multiple vertical lines 42 are drawn at intervals along the length direction of the perspective plate 4 on the side of the perspective plate 4 near the curved edge of the pressure plate.

[0044] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The horizontal lines 41 are parallel to the straight line along the length of the perspective plate 4. There are 7 horizontal lines 41 at intervals along the width of the perspective plate 4. The horizontal lines 41 divide the perspective plate 4 into 8 equal areas.

[0045] The vertical lines 42 are parallel to the straight line in the width direction of the perspective plate 4, and the horizontal lines 41 are also drawn at intervals along the length direction of the perspective plate 4. The distance between each two adjacent vertical lines 42 is equal to the distance between each two adjacent horizontal lines 41.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The two ends of the horizontal control line 41 are connected to the two sides of the perspective plate 4, and one end of the vertical control line 42 is connected to the side of the perspective plate 4 near the arc edge of the positioning plate 3, and the other end is connected to the horizontal control line 41 that is furthest from the arc edge of the positioning plate 3.

[0047] Positioning holes 43 are provided at the intersections of the vertical line 42 and the five horizontal lines 41 located in the middle position, for a total of 35 positioning holes 43. The seven positioning holes 43 on the same horizontal line 41 are connected to each other.

[0048] Marking scales are engraved on the positioning plate 3 at the ends of each horizontal line 41 and vertical line 42.

[0049] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2The horizontal line 41 located in the middle is the center line, and the number 0 is engraved at the end of the center line, representing the "zero" point. At the ends of the three horizontal lines 41 located on the side of the center line closest to the curved edge of the positioning plate 3, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 are engraved sequentially in the direction gradually moving closer to the curved edge of the positioning plate 3. Similarly, at the ends of the three horizontal lines 41 located on the side of the center line away from the curved edge of the positioning plate 3, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 are engraved sequentially in the direction gradually moving away from the curved edge of the positioning plate 3.

[0050] Combination Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The vertical line 42, located in the middle, is the center line. The number 0 is marked at the end of the center line, which is the "zero" point. The numbers 1, 2, and 3 are marked at the ends of the vertical lines on both sides of the center line in a direction that gradually moves away from the center line.

[0051] The implementation principle of a biomimetic prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate in this application embodiment is as follows: During the operation, when the femoral neck is cut using an oscillating saw, the positioning plate 3 is used to make the surface of the fluoroscopic plate 4 coincide with the osteotomy end face. At this time, the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion is located above the tension screw trial mold 1, which helps the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion to resist the subsequent implanted tension screw, thus facilitating the stability of the prosthesis. After determining the reference point of the greater trochanter protrusion, the operator can observe the width of the cancellous bone of the femoral neck through the fluoroscopic plate 4, and then use the numbers engraved on the positioning plate 3 to locate and determine the center of the femoral neck. After the positioning is completed, Kirschner wires are used for positioning, a soft drill is used to drill holes, and the pressure screw prosthesis is implanted. After the pressure screw is implanted, the ball head trial mold is used to position the angle of the tension screw to ensure that the implantation position of the tension screw prosthesis is determined and will not deviate.

[0052] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A bionic prosthetic osteotomy positioning guide, characterized in that: The device comprises a positioning plate (3), a pressure nail test model (2) fixed at one end of the positioning plate (3), and a tension nail test model (1) fixed at one end of the pressure nail test model (2), and an included angle exists between the tension nail test model (1) and the pressure nail test model (2), and the included angle is an acute angle. One end of the pressure nail test model (2) is fixed at one side of the plate surface of the positioning plate (3), and a straight line in the length direction of the pressure nail test model (2) is perpendicular to the plate surface of the positioning plate (3), and the tension nail test model (1) and the pressure nail test model (2) are located in the same plane. A plurality of positioning holes (43) are arranged at intervals on the positioning plate (3). A perspective plate (4) for observation is arranged at the middle position of the positioning plate (3), and the positioning holes (43) are arranged on the perspective plate (4). A plurality of horizontal lines (41) are drawn at intervals along the width direction of the perspective plate (4) on the perspective plate (4), the horizontal lines (41) are parallel to the straight line in the length direction of the perspective plate (4), and the plurality of positioning holes (43) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the horizontal lines (41). A plurality of vertical lines (42) are drawn at intervals along the length direction of the perspective plate (4) on the perspective plate (4), the vertical lines (42) are parallel to the straight line in the width direction of the perspective plate (4), the vertical lines (42) intersect with the horizontal lines (41), and the positioning holes (43) are arranged at the intersection positions of the vertical lines (42) and the horizontal lines (41). A scale is drawn at the end of each horizontal line (41) on the positioning plate (3), and a scale is drawn at the end of each vertical line (42) on the positioning plate (3).

2. The bionic type prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of horizontal lines (41) and vertical lines (42) drawn is odd, and the drawn line at the middle position is the center line.

3. The bionic type prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: A "zero" point is drawn at the end of the center line on the positioning plate (3), and scales are drawn in sequence on both sides of the "zero" point on the positioning plate (3) in the direction away from the "zero" point, and the scales correspond to the drawn lines one by one.

4. The bionic type prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate (3), the pressure nail test model (2), and the tension nail test model (1) are all made of resin.

5. The bionic type prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side edge of the positioning plate (3) away from the pressure nail test model (2) is processed into an arc-shaped edge.

6. The bionic type prosthesis osteotomy positioning guide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning holes (43) located on the same horizontal line (41) are connected.

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