Automatic wire feeding device, automatic wire feeding method and oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of wire feeding for pulse operation in oil and gas wells. The present invention provides an automatic wire feeding device, an automatic wire feeding method and an oil and gas well pulse discharger. The automatic wire feeding device includes a main lower electrode and a main upper electrode electrically connected to a capacitor of the oil and gas well pulse discharger, and also includes a wire supply wheel for unwinding a metal wire, the metal wire released by the wire supply wheel passes through the main lower electrode and abuts against the main upper electrode; a load-bearing member, the load-bearing member is arranged below the side of the main lower electrode, and is used to withstand the downward impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire; a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism connects the load-bearing member and the wire supply wheel to transmit the impact force to the wire supply wheel, so that the wire supply wheel rotates to release the metal wire; a first energy storage component, the first energy storage component is arranged below the load-bearing member, and is used to reset the load-bearing member. The present invention does not require an external electrical device to provide a control signal, nor does it require power to be provided for the wire supply wheel, so as to achieve automatic wire feeding in a true sense.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wire feeding for pulse operation in oil and gas wells, and in particular to an automatic wire feeding device, an automatic wire feeding method and an oil and gas well pulse discharger. Background Art

[0002] The shock waves generated by pulse discharge in oil and gas wells can remove blockages and scale, transform reservoirs, and achieve the effect of increasing production and injection, so they have been widely used. Adding metal wires between the pulse discharge electrodes and stimulating the explosion of the metal wires through pulse discharge can improve the energy conversion efficiency and enhance the effect of pulse discharge. The general process of pulse discharge in oil and gas wells to generate shock waves is to charge the capacitor located in the oil and gas wells through the ground power supply. When the energy stored in the capacitor reaches the set value, the switch is triggered to release the capacitor energy through the electrode and convert it into shock waves. As a consumable, the metal wire will vaporize and disappear after each pulse discharge, so it is necessary to set a wire feeding device in the pulse discharge machine.

[0003] Traditional wire feeding devices usually receive control signals through an external control mechanism to control the power mechanism to actively output power to drive the wire feeding device to feed the wire (for example, the patent with publication number "CN103256016A" discloses an automatic wire feeding device and automatic wire feeding method for downhole electric pulse operation, etc.). This method has a relatively complex structure and poor reliability under complex working conditions of oil and gas wells. It also needs to rely on control signals and power output from the power mechanism, and cannot achieve true automatic wire feeding during the pulse discharge process.

[0004] To this end, the applicant disclosed a wire feeding device and an oil and gas well pulse discharge machine in a patent with publication number "CN110240023A". In the patent technical solution, the metal wire is fed by a wire feeding member, and then a valve member is used to change the feeding state of the metal wire under the action of an external force, so that the metal wire moves or stops, thereby simplifying the structure and achieving wire feeding operation without adding external electrical devices, thereby improving reliability to a certain extent; however, the patent technical solution still needs to provide power for the wire feeding member to feed the metal wire, and still cannot achieve true automatic wire feeding during the pulse discharge process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic wire feeding device, an automatic wire feeding method and an oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine, which do not require external electrical devices to provide control signals or provide power for the wire feeding wheel, thereby realizing true automatic wire feeding.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention are implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] An automatic wire feeding device, comprising a main lower electrode and a main upper electrode for electrically connecting to a capacitor of a pulse discharge machine in an oil and gas well, and further comprising:

[0008] A wire supply wheel for unwinding the metal wire, wherein the metal wire unwound by the wire supply wheel passes through the main lower electrode and abuts against the main upper electrode;

[0009] A load-bearing member, which is arranged at the lower side of the main lower electrode and is used to bear the downward impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire;

[0010] A transmission mechanism connects the load-bearing member and the wire feeding wheel to transmit the impact force to the wire feeding wheel, so that the wire feeding wheel rotates to release the metal wire;

[0011] The first energy storage component is arranged below the load-bearing member and is used for resetting the load-bearing member.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a sub-lower electrode and a sub-upper electrode for electrically connecting to a capacitor of an oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine. During operation, the space between the sub-upper electrode and the sub-lower electrode is filled with liquid medium.

[0013] Optionally, the auxiliary upper electrode and the auxiliary lower electrode are both conical in shape.

[0014] Optionally, the transmission mechanism comprises:

[0015] The wire feeding wheel is sleeved on the outside of the rotating wheel, the inner wall of the wire feeding wheel is provided with a plurality of ratchets along the circumferential direction, and the rotating wheel is provided with a pawl, when the pawl is engaged with the ratchet, the wire feeding wheel can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire;

[0016] A first connecting member, the first connecting member can slide in a vertical direction and a top end of the first connecting member is connected to the load-bearing member;

[0017] The second connecting member has one end hinged to the lower end of the first connecting member, and the other end hinged to the rotating wheel, and the hinge point is offset from the rotation center of the rotating wheel.

[0018] Optionally, a second energy storage component is connected between the first connecting member and the load-bearing member.

[0019] Optionally, the transmission mechanism comprises:

[0020] A first connecting member, the first connecting member can slide in a vertical direction and the top end of the first connecting member is connected to the load-bearing member, and the bottom end of the first connecting member is provided with a rack;

[0021] a first transmission shaft, the first transmission shaft being provided with a gear meshing with the rack;

[0022] The second transmission shaft is connected to the first transmission shaft through a transmission assembly. A rotating wheel is arranged on the second transmission shaft. The wire feeding wheel is sleeved on the rotating wheel. A plurality of ratchets are arranged on the inner wall of the wire feeding wheel along the circumferential direction. A pawl is arranged on the rotating wheel. When the pawl is engaged with the ratchet, the wire feeding wheel can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire.

[0023] Optionally, a second energy storage component is connected between the first connecting member and the load-bearing member.

[0024] The present invention also provides an automatic wire feeding method, which is applied to any one of the automatic wire feeding devices described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. The energy stored in the capacitor of the pulse discharger in the oil and gas well is released through the main upper electrode, and the metal wire explodes. The impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire causes the load-bearing member to move downward;

[0026] S2, the load-bearing member acts on the transmission mechanism, and drives the wire feeding wheel to rotate through the transmission mechanism to release the metal wire;

[0027] S3. The load-bearing member is reset under the action of the energy storage component to withstand the impact force generated by the next explosion of the metal wire.

[0028] Optionally, the wire feeding is assisted by the auxiliary upper electrode and the auxiliary lower electrode. When the main upper electrode and the main lower electrode work to make the wire feeding wheel release the metal wire, the auxiliary upper electrode and the auxiliary lower electrode are short-circuited by the metal wire; when the main upper electrode and the main lower electrode work abnormally and the metal wire fails to be released normally, the energy stored in the capacitor of the oil and gas downhole pulse discharger is released through the auxiliary upper electrode, and the energy generates a hydro-electric effect through the liquid medium between the auxiliary upper electrode and the auxiliary lower electrode. The impact force generated by the hydro-electric effect causes the load-bearing member to move downward.

[0029] The present invention also provides an oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine, comprising any one of the automatic wire feeding devices described above.

[0030] The present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: in the present invention, the impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire causes the load-bearing member to move downward, and the transmission of the transmission mechanism causes the wire feeding wheel to rotate, thereby feeding the metal wire between the main upper electrode and the main lower electrode, and then the load-bearing member is reset by the first energy storage component, and this process is repeated, so that the wire feeding wheel continues to automatically feed the wire. Compared with the prior art, there is no need for external electrical devices to provide control signals, and there is no need to provide power for the wire feeding wheel, thereby achieving true automatic wire feeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an automatic wire feeding device provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in the first embodiment;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in the second embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in the third embodiment;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in the fourth embodiment;

[0037] Icons: 1-main upper electrode, 2-main lower electrode, 3-wire supply wheel, 301-ratchet, 4-load-bearing member, 5-transmission mechanism, 501-rotating wheel, 502-ratchet, 503-first connecting member, 504-second connecting member, 505-rack, 506-first transmission shaft, 507-gear, 508-second transmission shaft, 509-connecting rod, 510-first pulley, 511-second pulley, 512-transmission belt, 6-first energy storage component, 7-second energy storage component, 8-auxiliary upper electrode, 9-auxiliary lower electrode, 10-housing, 11-upper support, 12-lower support, 13-conductor, 14-fixed support, 15-metal wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 An automatic wire feeding device includes a main upper electrode 1 and a main lower electrode 2, and also includes a wire feeding wheel 3, a load-bearing member 4, a transmission mechanism 5 and a first energy storage component 6.

[0040] In practical applications, the main upper electrode 1 is mounted on an upper support 11, which is fixed on a housing 10. It is easy to understand that the upper support 11 is an insulator, that is, made of an insulating material. The main lower electrode 2 is mounted on a lower support 12, which is fixed on the housing 10. The lower support 12 is generally made of a metal material. When the main upper electrode 1 is used, it is electrically connected to the capacitor of the pulse discharge machine in the oil and gas well through the conductor 13, and the energy stored in the capacitor can be discharged through the main upper electrode 1.

[0041] The wire feeding wheel 3 is used to store the metal wire 15. It is easy to understand that the metal wire 15 is wound on the wire feeding wheel 3. The metal wire 15 can be released by rotating. The metal wire 15 released by the wire feeding wheel 3 passes through the main lower electrode 2 and abuts against the main upper electrode 1. When working, the metal wire 15 explodes. The load-bearing member 4 is arranged at the lower side of the main lower electrode 2 to withstand the downward impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire 15, that is, the load-bearing member can move downward after bearing the impact force. The transmission mechanism 5 connects the load-bearing member 4 and the wire feeding wheel 3 to transmit the impact force to the wire feeding wheel 3, so that the wire feeding wheel 3 rotates to release the metal wire 15. The energy storage component is arranged below the load-bearing member 4 to reset the load-bearing member 4, that is, the first energy storage component 6 can restore the load-bearing member to its original position after moving downward to withstand the impact force generated by the next explosion of the metal wire 15.

[0042] That is to say, the present invention uses the impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire 15 to move the load-bearing member 4 downward, and uses the transmission of the transmission mechanism 5 to rotate the wire feeding wheel 3, so as to send the metal wire 15 between the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2, and then reset the load-bearing member 4 through the first energy storage component 6. This process is repeated, so that the wire feeding wheel 3 can continue to automatically feed the wire. Compared with the prior art, there is no need for external electrical devices to provide control signals, nor is there any need to provide power for the wire feeding wheel 3, thereby achieving true automatic wire feeding.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 2 The transmission mechanism 5 of this embodiment includes a rotating wheel 501, a first connecting member 503 and a second connecting member 504. The wire feeding wheel 3 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating wheel 501. The inner wall of the wire feeding wheel 3 is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth 301 along the circumferential direction. The rotating wheel 501 is provided with a pawl 502. When the pawl 502 is engaged with the ratchet teeth 301, the wire feeding wheel 3 can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire 15. That is to say, the ratchet teeth 301 and the pawl 502 can be provided so that the wire feeding wheel 3 can only rotate in one direction (i.e., the direction of releasing the metal wire 15) and cannot rotate in the opposite direction, but the rotating wheel 501 can rotate freely in both directions. In addition, those skilled in the art should know that the pawl 502 is pressed against the ratchet 301 through a spring (or spring sheet). When the rotating wheel 501 drives the pawl 502 to rotate in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire 15, the spring (or spring sheet) is compressed so that the pawl 502 can smoothly avoid the ratchet 301.

[0044] The first connecting member 503 can slide in the vertical direction and the top of the first connecting member 503 is connected to the load-bearing member 4. In practical applications, the sliding direction of the first connecting member 503 can also be limited by a guide member (not shown). For example, the guide member is fixedly arranged and a sliding hole is arranged on the guide member, and the first connecting member 503 is arranged in a rod shape and penetrates the sliding hole of the guide member; for example, the guide member can be a fixed sliding groove, and the first connecting member 503 is embedded in the sliding groove and can slide freely. In this embodiment, the first connecting member 503 is rigidly connected to the load-bearing member 4, for example, the first connecting member 503 and the load-bearing member 4 are fixedly connected (for example, welded) into a whole by a connecting rod 509. One end of the second connecting member 504 is hinged to the lower end of the first connecting member 503, and the other end of the second connecting member 504 is hinged to the rotating wheel 501, and the hinge point is offset from the rotation center of the rotating wheel 501. When the load-bearing member 4 is subjected to the impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire 15, the rotating wheel 501 is pulled to rotate through the second connecting member 504, and the ratchet 301 on the rotating wheel 501 drives the wire feeding wheel 3 to rotate to release the metal wire 15.

[0045] The first energy storage component 6 is arranged below the load-bearing member 4. Specifically, a fixed support member 14 is arranged below the load-bearing member 4. The fixed support member 14 can be fixed on the lower support member 12. The lower end of the first energy storage component 6 is fixedly connected to the fixed support member 14, and the upper end of the first energy storage component 6 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing member 4. The function of the first energy storage component 6 is to enable the load-bearing member 4 to return to the initial position after moving downward to the extreme position, so as to withstand the impact force generated by the next explosion of the metal wire 15. It is worth noting that, under the action of the ratchet 301 and the pawl 502, during the upward movement and reset of the load-bearing member 4, only the rotating wheel 501 rotates, while the wire feeding wheel 3 cannot rotate.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first energy storage component 6 is a spring. It is easy to understand that in other embodiments of the present invention, the first energy storage component 6 can also be a rubber that can be compressed and stretched, or it can be compressed air. It is easy to understand that when the first energy storage component 6 is compressed air, the specific setting method is as follows: a fixed piston cylinder is arranged below the load-bearing member 4, the bottom of the load-bearing member 4 is fixedly connected to a piston rod, and the lower end of the piston rod is provided with a piston that cooperates with the piston cylinder. When the load-bearing member 4 moves downward, the air in the piston cylinder is compressed. When the explosion impact force on the load-bearing member 4 disappears, the internal energy stored in the air causes the piston rod to move upward, thereby resetting the load-bearing member 4.

[0047] This embodiment also includes an auxiliary upper electrode 8 and an auxiliary lower electrode 9. When working, the space between the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9 is filled with liquid medium. When in use, the auxiliary upper electrode 8 is also electrically connected to the capacitor of the oil and gas well pulse discharge machine through the conductor 13, that is, the energy stored in the capacitor can also be released through the auxiliary electrode. It is worth noting that when the wire feeding wheel 3 is working normally, since there is a metal wire 15 between the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2, the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9 are short-circuited, and the energy stored in the capacitor is released from the main upper electrode 1; when the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2 work abnormally and the metal wire 15 fails to be released normally, the energy stored in the capacitor is released through the auxiliary upper electrode 8, and the energy is liquid-electric effected through the liquid medium between the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9. The impact force generated by the liquid-electric effect causes the load-bearing member 4 to move downward. It is worth noting that by setting the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9, when the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2 are abnormal and cannot feed the wire normally, the wire feeding device can also be guaranteed to be able to operate, which greatly improves the reliability of the wire feeding device.

[0048] In this embodiment, the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9 are both conical, so that the discharge position is focused on one point and the electric field is stronger.

[0049] Embodiment 2

[0050] Please refer to Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that in this embodiment, the first connecting member 503 is connected to the load-bearing member 4 via a second energy storage component 7. The second energy storage component 7 in this embodiment is also a spring, which is the same as the first energy storage component 6. In other embodiments of the present invention, the second energy storage component 7 may also be rubber or compressed air.

[0051] Embodiment 3

[0052] Please refer to Figure 4 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the specific structure of the transmission mechanism 5 of this embodiment is different. The transmission mechanism 5 of this embodiment includes a first connecting member 503, a first transmission shaft 506 and a second transmission shaft 508. The first connecting member 503 can slide in the vertical direction and the top of the first connecting member 503 is connected to the load-bearing member 4. In this embodiment, the first connecting member 503 and the load-bearing member 4 are rigidly connected to form a whole through a connecting rod 509. The bottom end of the first connecting member 503 is provided with a rack 505, and the first transmission shaft 506 is provided with a gear 507 meshing with the rack 505. The second transmission shaft 508 is connected to the first transmission shaft 506 through a transmission assembly, that is, the second transmission shaft 508 can be driven to rotate when the first transmission shaft 506 rotates through the transmission assembly.

[0053] The transmission assembly of this embodiment is a transmission belt 512 transmission method, specifically, a first pulley 510 can be set on the first transmission shaft 506, a second pulley 511 can be set on the second transmission shaft 508, and the first pulley 510 is connected to the second pulley 511 through the transmission belt 512. In other embodiments of the present invention, the transmission assembly can also be a transmission chain transmission method, specifically, a first sprocket can be set on the first transmission shaft 506, a second sprocket can be set on the second transmission shaft 508, and the first sprocket can be connected to the second sprocket through a transmission chain.

[0054] A rotating wheel 501 is provided on the second transmission shaft 508, and the wire feeding wheel 3 is sleeved on the rotating wheel 501. A plurality of ratchet teeth 301 are provided on the inner wall of the wire feeding wheel 3 along the circumferential direction, and a pawl 502 is provided on the rotating wheel 501. When the pawl 502 engages with the ratchet teeth 301, the wire feeding wheel 3 can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of the releasing wire 15. Similar to the embodiment, the pawl 502 and the ratchet teeth 301 can prevent the wire feeding wheel 3 from rotating in the opposite direction of the releasing wire 15 during the resetting process of the load-bearing member 4.

[0055] Embodiment 4

[0056] Please refer to Figure 5 The difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that in this embodiment, the first connecting member 503 is connected to the load-bearing member 4 via the second energy storage component 7. The second energy storage component 7 in this embodiment is also a spring, which is the same as the first energy storage component 6. In other embodiments of the present invention, the second energy storage component 7 may also be rubber or compressed air.

[0057] Embodiment 5

[0058] This embodiment provides an automatic wire feeding method, which is applied to the automatic wire feeding device provided in any of the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:

[0059] S1. The energy stored in the capacitor of the pulse discharge machine in the oil and gas well is released through the main upper electrode 1, and the metal wire 15 explodes. The impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire 15 causes the load-bearing member 4 to move downward. It is easy to understand that before initial use, the automatic wire feeding device is connected to the capacitor of the pulse discharge machine in the oil and gas well through the conductor 13. When in use, it is sent to the oil and gas well to be treated through a cable. The capacitor is charged by the ground power supply. After the large capacitor stores the set value, it can trigger the switch to release the energy through the main upper electrode 1.

[0060] S2, the load-bearing member 4 acts on the transmission mechanism 5, and drives the wire feeding wheel 3 to rotate through the transmission mechanism 5 to release the metal wire 15;

[0061] S3, the load-bearing member 4 is reset under the action of the first energy storage component 6 to withstand the impact force generated by the next explosion of the metal wire 15, and this is repeated to achieve automatic wire feeding. When the energy stored in the capacitor is completely released (or the metal wire 15 is used up), the oil and gas well pulse discharger and the wire feeding device are lifted out of the ground through the cable to complete the construction.

[0062] The automatic wire feeding method provided in this embodiment also assists in wire feeding through the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9. When the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2 work to make the wire feeding wheel 3 release the metal wire 15, the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9 are short-circuited by the metal wire 15; when the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2 work abnormally and the metal wire 15 cannot be released normally, the energy stored in the capacitor is released through the auxiliary upper electrode 8, and the energy generates a hydro-electric effect through the liquid medium between the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9. The impact force generated by the hydro-electric effect causes the load-bearing member 4 to move downward. It is worth mentioning that the method can ensure the operation of the wire feeding device by setting the auxiliary upper electrode 8 and the auxiliary lower electrode 9 when the main upper electrode 1 and the main lower electrode 2 are abnormal and cannot feed the wire normally, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the wire feeding device.

[0063] Embodiment 6

[0064] This embodiment provides an oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine, including the automatic wire feeding device provided by any one of the first, second, third and fourth embodiments, and the automatic wire feeding device is connected to the capacitor of the oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine through a conductor 13.

[0065] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic wire feeding device, comprising a main lower electrode (2) and a main upper electrode (1) for electrically connecting to a capacitor of a pulse discharge machine in an oil and gas well, characterized in that: Also includes: A wire supply wheel (3) for unwinding a metal wire (15), wherein the metal wire (15) unwound by the wire supply wheel (3) passes through the main lower electrode (2) and abuts against the main upper electrode (1); A load-bearing member (4), which is arranged at the lower side of the main lower electrode (2) and is used to withstand the downward impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire (15) and move downward; A transmission mechanism (5), the transmission mechanism (5) connects the load-bearing member (4) and the wire feeding wheel (3) to transmit the impact force to the wire feeding wheel (3), converting the downward movement of the load-bearing member (4) into the rotation of the wire feeding wheel (3), thereby releasing the metal wire (15); A first energy storage component (6) is arranged below the load-bearing component (4) and is used to reset the load-bearing component (4).

2. The automatic wire feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a secondary lower electrode (9) and a secondary upper electrode (8) for being electrically connected to a capacitor of an oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine. During operation, the space between the secondary upper electrode (8) and the secondary lower electrode (9) is filled with a liquid medium.

3. The automatic wire feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary upper electrode (8) and the auxiliary lower electrode (9) are both conical in shape.

4. The automatic wire feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (5) comprises: A rotating wheel (501), wherein the wire feeding wheel (3) is sleeved on the outside of the rotating wheel (501), a plurality of ratchet teeth (301) are arranged on the inner wall of the wire feeding wheel (3) along the circumferential direction, and a ratchet pawl (502) is arranged on the rotating wheel (501), and when the ratchet pawl (502) is engaged with the ratchet teeth (301), the wire feeding wheel (3) can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire (15); A first connecting member (503), the first connecting member (503) can slide in a vertical direction and the top end of the first connecting member (503) is connected to the load-bearing member (4); A second connecting member (504), one end of the second connecting member (504) is hinged to the lower end of the first connecting member (503), and the other end of the second connecting member (504) is hinged to the rotating wheel (501), and the hinge point is offset from the rotation center of the rotating wheel (501).

5. The automatic wire feeding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second energy storage component (7) is connected between the first connecting member (503) and the load-bearing member (4).

6. The automatic wire feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (5) comprises: A first connecting member (503), the first connecting member (503) can slide in a vertical direction and the top end of the first connecting member (503) is connected to the load-bearing member (4), and the bottom end of the first connecting member (503) is provided with a rack (505); A first transmission shaft (506), wherein the first transmission shaft (506) is provided with a gear (507) meshing with the rack (505); A second transmission shaft (508) is connected to the first transmission shaft (506) through a transmission assembly. A rotating wheel (501) is arranged on the second transmission shaft (508). The wire feeding wheel (3) is sleeved on the rotating wheel (501). The inner wall of the wire feeding wheel (3) is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth (301) along the circumferential direction. A ratchet pawl (502) is arranged on the rotating wheel (501). When the ratchet pawl (502) is engaged with the ratchet teeth (301), the wire feeding wheel (3) can be restricted from rotating in the opposite direction of releasing the metal wire (15).

7. The automatic wire feeding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second energy storage component (7) is connected between the first connecting member (503) and the load-bearing member (4).

8. An automatic wire feeding method, applied to the automatic wire feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, the energy stored in the capacitor of the pulse discharge machine in the oil and gas well is released through the main upper electrode (1), the metal wire (15) explodes, and the impact force generated by the explosion of the metal wire (15) causes the load-bearing member (4) to move downward; S2, the load-bearing member (4) acts on the transmission mechanism (5), and drives the wire feeding wheel (3) to rotate through the transmission mechanism (5) to release the metal wire (15); S3. The load-bearing member (4) is reset under the action of the first energy storage component (6) to withstand the impact force generated by the next explosion of the metal wire (15).

9. The automatic wire feeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The auxiliary upper electrode (8) and the auxiliary lower electrode (9) are used to assist the wire feeding. When the main upper electrode (1) and the main lower electrode (2) work to make the wire feeding wheel (3) release the metal wire (15), the auxiliary upper electrode (8) and the auxiliary lower electrode (9) are short-circuited by the metal wire (15). When the main upper electrode (1) and the main lower electrode (2) work abnormally and the metal wire (15) cannot be released normally, the energy stored in the capacitor of the oil and gas well pulse discharge machine is released through the auxiliary upper electrode (8). The energy generates a liquid-electric effect through the liquid medium between the auxiliary upper electrode (8) and the auxiliary lower electrode (9). The impact force generated by the liquid-electric effect causes the load-bearing member (4) to move downward.

10. An oil and gas downhole pulse discharge machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises the automatic wire feeding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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