Coastal ecological slope protection structure and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention provides a coastal ecological slope protection structure and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of engineering construction technology. The structure comprises: a foundation trench, a base bed being provided at the bottom of the foundation trench; a footing provided at the top of the base bed, one side of the footing being a stone bottom protection; a slope protection section being provided on the other side of the footing, the top of the slope protection section being provided with a retaining wall corresponding to the footing; the slope protection section being paved with a non-woven geotextile layer, a graded gravel layer, a two-piece stone cushion layer, a dry block stone layer, and a landscape layer, in order from bottom to top. The present invention employs a sloped revetment with a thick riprap base bed at the bottom, which greatly improves stability, extends service life, and reduces construction and maintenance costs. The concrete blocks used for the bottom protection can increase the strength of the revetment, and backfilling with gravel changes the slope, making processing more convenient. Vegetation can also be planted on the paved surface to form an ecological slope protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, and in particular to a coastal ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Slope protection refers to various paving and planting methods used on slopes to prevent erosion. Coastal slope protection is particularly common in coastal areas. Existing coastal ecological slope protection systems still have some shortcomings: they typically use a concrete base, which can crack over time, compromising their effectiveness. Furthermore, existing slope protection systems have high slopes, making them prone to landslides. Construction is difficult and costly, and their practicality is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a coastal ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a coastal ecological slope protection structure, comprising:

[0006] A foundation trench, wherein a base bed is provided at the bottom of the foundation trench;

[0007] A foot guard is provided on the top of the base bed, and one side of the foot guard is a stone bottom guard;

[0008] The other side of the foot guard is a slope protection section, and the top of the slope protection section is provided with a retaining wall corresponding to the foot guard; the slope protection section is paved with a non-woven geotextile layer, a graded crushed stone layer, a two-piece stone cushion layer, a dry block stone layer and a landscape layer from bottom to top.

[0009] Preferably, the slope protection section includes a horizontal section and a slope section, the retaining wall is located in the horizontal section, and the retaining wall is provided on two stone cushion layers, and the graded crushed stone layer is located in the slope section.

[0010] Preferably, the landscape layer is made by mixing graded crushed stone and hydraulic binder.

[0011] Preferably, the base bed is formed by compacting crushed stones.

[0012] Preferably, the other side of the foundation trench corresponding to the slope protection section is a side slope, the bottom of the side slope is connected to the top of the foundation trench; and a base bed slope is provided on the side of the base bed corresponding to the side slope.

[0013] Preferably, the slope of the foundation trench is 1:2, the slope of the side slope is 1:5; and the slope of the base bed slope is 1:2.

[0014] Preferably, the foot guard and the retaining wall are both made of concrete.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method of the coastal ecological slope protection structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Exploring the construction area, topography and geological conditions, and surveying and setting out the explored areas;

[0017] Step 2: Excavate the foundation pit, focusing on elevation control and supplemented by soil quality verification. When the excavation reaches the design elevation, check the soil quality.

[0018] Step 3: Throw stones into the excavated foundation trench to form a base bed, and then compact and level the base bed;

[0019] Step 4: Install the foot guard on the base bed, backfill the gravel above the base bed slope to form a block stone bottom protection, and then excavate the slope;

[0020] Step 5: Excavate the slope protection section on the side of the base bed close to the coast;

[0021] Step 6: Lay a non-woven geotextile layer on the slope of the slope protection section, backfill the graded crushed stone layer on the slope of the slope section, and then backfill two stone cushion layers and dry block layers on the entire slope of the slope protection section; set up a retaining wall on the two stone cushion layers in the horizontal section;

[0022] Step 7: On the surface of the dry block stone layer, graded crushed stone and hydraulic adhesive are fully mixed, paved and solidified to form a porous and permeable structure, i.e., the landscape layer;

[0023] Step 8: Plant vegetation on the surface of the landscape layer and cover it with sea sand.

[0024] Preferably, during the tamping of the base bed, it should be tamped in sections, with an overlap length of 4m, a tamping hammer bottom area of ​​3㎡, a hammer bottom pressure of 60kPa, a drop distance of 3m, an impact energy of 240kJ / ㎡ per tamping, and the tamping hammer should have a vertical drainage channel; before tamping, the riprap surface layer should be properly leveled with a local height difference of 300mm. After the base bed is tamped, a tamping inspection should be carried out. During the inspection, an 8m section of the base bed should be randomly inspected in each tamping construction section. The original tamping hammer and the original tamping can be repeated once, that is, the tamping hammers are arranged adjacent to each other, without half-tamping, and the average settlement of the repeated tamping is 30mm.

[0025] Preferably, the hydraulic binder is polyurethane, and the mixing ratio of graded crushed stone and polyurethane is 100:65, and the mixture is stirred by a hand-held mixer at a temperature of 30°C;

[0026] The foot guard is made of C35 concrete blocks with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 in the splash zone and 0.40 in other areas;

[0027] In the concrete mixture of C35 concrete, the maximum percentage of chloride ions in the mass of cementitious materials is: 0.06% for prestressed concrete, 0.10% for reinforced concrete, and 1.3% for plain concrete.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the sloped revetment is adopted, and the thick riprap base bed is adopted at the bottom, which greatly improves the stability, prolongs the service life, and reduces the construction and maintenance costs; the bottom protection concrete blocks adopted can improve the strength of the revetment, and the slope is changed by backfilling gravel, making the processing more convenient; at the same time, vegetation can be planted on the pavement to form an ecological slope protection.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, will become apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the coastal slope protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Among them: 1-foundation trench; 2-base bed; 3-foot protection; 4-stone bottom protection; 5-retaining wall; 6-non-woven geotextile layer; 7-graded crushed stone layer; 8-two-piece stone cushion layer; 9-dry block stone layer; 10-landscape layer; 11-horizontal section; 12-slope section; 13-side slope; 14-base bed slope; 15-dry beach area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0035] It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be understood to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless as defined herein.

[0036] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a," "an," "said," and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0037] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and integrate different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless otherwise inconsistent.

[0038] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0039] In the description of this specification, the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present technology and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present technology.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," and "disposed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection or disposition, detachable connection or disposition, or integral connection or disposition. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this technology based on specific circumstances.

[0041] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment 1, a coastal ecological slope protection structure is provided, comprising:

[0045] A foundation trench 1 is provided with a base bed 2 at the bottom thereof; the base bed 2 is formed by compacting crushed stones.

[0046] A foot guard 3 is provided on the top of the base bed 2, and one side of the foot guard 3 is a block stone bottom guard 4;

[0047] The other side of the foot guard 3 is a slope protection section, and the top of the slope protection section is provided with a retaining wall 5 corresponding to the foot guard 3; the slope protection section is paved with a non-woven geotextile layer 6, a graded crushed stone layer 7, a two-piece stone cushion layer 8, a dry block stone layer 9 and a landscape layer 10 from bottom to top.

[0048] The slope protection section includes a horizontal section 11 and a slope section 12 . The retaining wall 5 is located in the horizontal section 11 and is provided on a two-stone cushion layer 8 . One side of the retaining wall 5 is backfilled with two stones. The graded crushed stone layer 7 is located in the slope section 12 .

[0049] The landscape layer 10 is made by mixing graded crushed stones and hydraulic binder.

[0050] On the other side of the foundation trench 1, corresponding to the slope protection section, is a side slope 13, the bottom of which connects to the top of the foundation trench 1. A base slope 14 is provided on the side of the base bed 2 corresponding to the side slope. After construction is completed, artificial sand filling is performed between the side slope 13 and the slope protection section to form a dry beach area 15. The particle size of the fine sand backfilled can be 0.3 to 0.6 mm.

[0051] The slope of the foundation trench 1 is 1:2, the slope of the side slope 13 is 1:5, and the slope of the base bed slope 14 is 1:2.

[0052] In this embodiment 1, the foot guard 3 and the retaining wall 5 are both made of concrete.

[0053] In this embodiment 1, a construction method of the above-mentioned coastal ecological slope protection structure is also provided, and the construction method includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Exploring the construction area, topography and geological conditions, and surveying and setting out the explored areas;

[0055] Step 2: Excavate the foundation pit, focusing on elevation control and supplemented by soil quality verification. When the excavation reaches the design elevation, check the soil quality.

[0056] Step 3: Throw stones into the excavated foundation trench to form a base bed, and then compact and level the base bed;

[0057] Step 4: Install the foot guard on the base bed, backfill the gravel above the base bed slope to form a block stone bottom protection, and then excavate the slope;

[0058] Step 5: Excavate the slope protection section on the side of the base bed close to the coast;

[0059] Step 6: Lay a non-woven geotextile layer on the slope of the slope protection section, backfill the graded crushed stone layer on the slope of the slope section, and then backfill two stone cushion layers and dry block layers on the entire slope of the slope protection section;

[0060] Step 7: On the surface of the dry block stone layer, graded crushed stone and hydraulic adhesive are fully mixed, paved and solidified to form a porous and permeable structure, i.e., the landscape layer;

[0061] Step 8: Plant vegetation 17 on the surface of the landscape layer and cover it with sea sand 16.

[0062] During the compaction of the base bed by hammer, compaction should be carried out in sections with an overlap length of 4m, a bottom area of ​​3㎡, a pressure of 60kPa on the bottom of the hammer, a drop distance of 3m, an impact energy of 240kJ / ㎡ for each compaction, and a vertical drainage channel for the compaction hammer. Before compaction, the riprap surface layer should be properly leveled with a local height difference of 300mm. After compaction of the base bed, a compaction inspection should be carried out. During the inspection, a 8m section of the base bed should be randomly inspected in each compaction construction section. The original compaction hammer and the original compaction can be repeated once, that is, the compaction hammers are arranged adjacent to each other, and half a compaction is not pressed. The average settlement of the repeated compaction is 30mm.

[0063] The hydraulic binder used was polyurethane, and the mixing ratio of graded crushed stone and polyurethane was 100:65, which was stirred by a hand-held mixer at a temperature of 30°C.

[0064] The foot guard is made of C35 concrete blocks with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 in the splash zone and 0.40 in other areas;

[0065] In the concrete mixture of C35 concrete, the maximum percentage of chloride ions in the mass of cementitious materials is: 0.06% for prestressed concrete, 0.10% for reinforced concrete, and 1.3% for plain concrete.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] In this embodiment 2, taking the specific situation of a bay coastal zone as an example, an ecological slope protection structure for the bay coastal zone and a construction method of the structure are provided.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the meteorological, hydrological, and engineering geological construction conditions of the bay coastal zone, the total length of the ecological slope protection constructed for the bay coastal zone is about 1,750 meters, which is divided into two sections according to different elevations. The length of Section I slope protection is 520 meters, and the top elevation is 4.5 meters; the length of Section II slope protection is 1,230 meters, and the top elevation is 5.5 meters.

[0069] In this embodiment 2, the structural schemes of each section of the coastal ecological slope protection structure are as follows:

[0070] Structural scheme for slope protection section I (mileage 0+000~mileage 0+520): adopt slope type slope protection structure scheme, with the slope protection top elevation of 4.5m. First, excavate the foundation pit, and backfill the pit with 10~100kg blocks of stone to form the base bed; then excavate the existing beach to form a slope with a slope of 1:2 (i.e. the slope of the slope protection section). On the 1:2 slope, a 300mm thick ecological landscape layer, a 400mm dry block stone layer, a 300mm thick two-piece stone cushion layer, a backfill graded crushed stone layer and two layers of 400g / m 2 Non-woven geotextile, the final slope protection structure has a slope gradient of 1:3, and a 3m wide horizontal section is set at the top of the slope. In order to increase the stability of the slope protection, a C30 plain concrete retaining wall is cast in situ at the foot of the slope (i.e., retaining wall 5), and the retaining wall bearing layer is beach rock; the footing is 1m wide and 0.8m high, and a 3m wide 200-400kg stone bottom protection is set in front of the retaining wall (i.e., two pieces of backfill stone on one side of the retaining wall 5 in Example 1). After the surface protection construction is completed, the slope is covered with 500mm thick sand (using excavated sand), and the rest is combined with artificial sand replenishment to cover the beach. After the slope protection is completed, if the slope ratio of the rear sand dam is steeper than 1:2, the sand dam will be locally sloped to ensure that its slope ratio is not steeper than 1:2. After the sand replenishment is completed, the exposed surface of the slope protection and the upper sand dam slope need to be greened, and the plant roots are used to consolidate and protect the slope. The type of green plant is tentatively determined to be saddle vine suitable for growing in the engineering environment.

[0071] Slope protection for Section II (mileage 0+520 to 1+750): A sloped slope protection structure is employed, with a top elevation of 5.5m. Its structure is essentially the same as Section I, differing in that some areas are geologically uninvolved by beach rock or are buried at a significant depth. After excavation, a 10-100kg block bed is employed, with a base elevation of approximately -1.0m and a top elevation of 0.5m. A cast-in-place C30 plain concrete retaining wall, the same dimensions as Section I, is placed on the outside, with a 3m-wide, 200-400kg block bed.

[0072] In Example 2, an artificial sand replenishment project was carried out along the bank between the side slope and the slope section, with a length of 2,000 meters. This resulted in a dry beach surface approximately 15 to 40 meters wide, with a slope of 1:60 and an elevation of 3.5 to 4.0 meters. The wet beach surface was approximately 30 meters wide and had an elevation of 0.0 meters. The sand replenishment volume was 294,900 cubic meters (accounting for 5% loss during the construction period). A new ecological slope protection of 1,750 meters was constructed at the sand dam behind the dry beach, with a top elevation of 4.5 meters and 5.5 meters. The ecological slope protection was connected to the natural slope, and green vegetation (saddle vine) was planted on the protective barrier.

[0073] In this embodiment 2, the calculation principles for the thickness of the dry block stone layer for ecological slope protection and the stable weight of the bottom protection stone in front of the embankment are as follows:

[0074] Calculation conditions include:

[0075] Wave conditions: The waves at the ecological slope protection area refer to the design wave elements at the -2m isobath in the engineering area, as shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078] Water flow conditions: According to the observation data of the tidal current observation station in winter and summer in the bay area, the maximum tidal current velocity at the measuring point is 0.71m / s.

[0079] Design load: The design load of ecological slope protection mainly considers deadweight load and wave load. The wave load is calculated by referring to the design value of the maximum positive wave pressure intensity on the fence board structure surface:

[0080] p M =0.85γH=0.85×10.25×2.03=17.7kPa

[0081] The calculation methods include: the calculation of bank slope stability refers to the requirements of the "Code for Design of Foundations for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS147-1-2017), and the slide6.0 bank slope stability calculation software is used; the thickness of the dry block stone surface layer and the stable weight of the bottom protection stone in front of the embankment refer to the "Code for Design of Breakwaters and Bank Protection" (JTS154-1-2018).

[0082] The calculation formula for the thickness h of the dry block stone surface layer is:

[0083]

[0084] m=cotα

[0085] Where γ represents the density of water (kN / m 3 ), γ b Indicates the weight of the face stone (kN / m 3 ), H represents the design wave height, K mdIndicates the coefficient related to m value and d / H value, K δ represents the Potain coefficient, m represents the slope coefficient, and α represents the angle between the slope section and the horizontal plane.

[0086] In this embodiment 2, the calculation results of the thickness of the dry masonry blocks are shown in Table 2.

[0087] Table 2

[0088] Regional Location Design wave height Face protection Calculation results Value slope protection 2.03 Dry stone masonry 0.38m 0.4m

[0089] In this embodiment 2, the weight of the bottom protection stone blocks in front of the embankment is calculated as follows:

[0090] First, the maximum wave bottom velocity V in front of the slope embankment max It can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Where L represents the calculated wavelength, which is 33 meters; g represents the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 m / s 2 ; d represents the water depth in front of the dike, which is 4.2 meters; then, calculate V max The speed is 1.27m / s, and the stable weight of the bottom protection stone in front of the embankment is 200-400kg, as shown in Table 3.

[0093] Table 3

[0094]

[0095] In this embodiment 2, the raw materials of concrete include cement, aggregate, mixing water and admixtures.

[0096] Among them, the cement used in this embodiment should be silicate cement or ordinary silicate cement with a grade of not less than 42.5. In addition to complying with the "Concrete Construction Specifications for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202-2011) of the Ministry of Transport, the quality of the cement used should also comply with the relevant current national standards such as "Silicate Cement, Ordinary Portland Cement" (GB175). When cement is delivered to the site, it should be accompanied by a quality certificate from the cement manufacturer, and its variety, grade, packaging (or bulk warehouse number), and date of manufacture should be inspected and accepted. The on-site inspection of cement should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Water Transport Engineering Quality Inspection Standard" (JTS257). When the quality has changed significantly due to improper storage or the cement has been out of the factory for more than 3 months, its quality should be retested before use, and used according to the results of the retest.

[0097] The aggregate used in this embodiment includes fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.

[0098] Fine aggregate should be hard, well-graded, medium-coarse sand with a nominal particle size of less than 5mm. The following materials are strictly prohibited as fine aggregate for this project: alkali-reactive fine aggregate; sea sand; blast furnace slag, artificially produced sand, gravel, limestone, and recycled concrete. The particle gradation of fine aggregate should comply with the requirements of Table 4.2.3-2 of the current industry standard, "Concrete Construction Specifications for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202). On-site inspection of fine aggregate should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standards, "Concrete Quality Control Standards for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202-2) and "Quality Inspection Standards for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS257).

[0099] Coarse aggregate should be gravel with hard texture, good gradation, few needle-like particles and small void ratio. It must not be contaminated with organic matter or harmful substances such as dust particles, clay blocks, flaky particles, shale, alkaline, and sub-sandy soil. Its physical properties and impurity content must meet the requirements of the specifications. The particle gradation of coarse aggregate should meet the requirements of Table 4.3.5 of the current industry standard "Concrete Construction Specifications for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202). The selection of particle gradation of coarse aggregate must be able to produce concrete that meets the requirements of workability and strength. The on-site inspection of coarse aggregate should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standards "Quality Control Standards for Concrete for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202-2) and "Quality Inspection Standards for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS257).

[0100] In this embodiment, the concrete mixing water used should be drinking water that does not contain impurities that could affect the proper setting and hardening of cement or promote steel corrosion. The chloride ion content in the water must not exceed 200 mg / L. When using natural mineralized water, the pH must be no less than 4, and the sulfate content must be no more than 0.22%. The use of seawater is strictly prohibited. The mixing water must comply with the industry standard "Specifications for Concrete Construction in Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202-2011).

[0101] In this embodiment, the use of the admixtures used should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the "Concrete Construction Code for Water Transport Engineering" (JTS202-2011). ① The use of admixtures in concrete must be approved by the supervising engineer. The contractor shall conduct necessary tests as required by the supervising engineer to determine the amount and effect of the admixture. ② No admixtures containing chloride salts shall be used in reinforced concrete. Air entraining agents shall not be used. ③ When more than one admixture is used in the same mixing, it is necessary to clarify the impact of one admixture on another admixture to prevent segregation, and obtain the approval of the supervising engineer. ④ The amount of admixture added must be strictly controlled.

[0102] In Example 2, the ecological slope protection backfill stone is 10-100 kg stone, and the graded crushed stone particle size range of the landscape layer is 2-4 cm. The stone materials used should meet the following requirements:

[0103] (1) Use fresh rocks that are not severely weathered, cracked, or flaky;

[0104] (2) Uniaxial saturated compressive strength: not less than 30 MPa;

[0105] (3) The softening coefficient should be greater than 0.75;

[0106] (4) The water absorption rate of the rock (measured as a proportion of void volume) should not be greater than 0.8;

[0107] (5) The weight of the rock should be greater than 24kN / m 3 ;

[0108] (6) The ratio of the maximum side length to the minimum side length of the stone should not be greater than 1.5 to 2;

[0109] (7) The size and weight of the stone blocks should meet the design requirements.

[0110] (8) It should be hard granite produced in quarrying and meet the requirements of the specifications, and the source should be approved.

[0111] In this embodiment, the filter geotextile (ie, non-woven geotextile layer) is made of non-woven geotextile, and the unit weight of the geotextile is not less than 400g / m 2 The soil retention and permeability of the selected filter geotextile should comply with the relevant provisions of the "Technical Specifications for the Application of Geosynthetics in Water Transport Engineering" JTJ239-2005. 2 The vertical permeability coefficient of non-woven geotextile is greater than 1.0×10 -2 cm / s, and other technical indicators are shown in Table 4.

[0112] Table 4

[0113]

[0114] In this embodiment 2, the following points should be noted when laying the non-woven geotextile:

[0115] (1) When laying the filter cloth, it should be kept smooth and appropriately tight. After the non-woven fabric is laid, the upper part should be backfilled in time to prevent it from being washed away by water flow and waves.

[0116] (2) The integrity of the nonwoven geotextile should be maintained along the cross-section of the filter cloth. Two adjacent geotextiles can be joined longitudinally by overlapping or sewing. The longitudinal and transverse seam or overlap widths are: 1.5m underwater and 1.0m on land. Three 10cm wide seams should be used.

[0117] (3) During the processing, transportation, stacking and laying of anti-filter geotextiles, care should be taken to protect them and they should not be damaged or aged. Otherwise, remedial measures should be taken in a timely manner.

[0118] (4) If the non-woven geotextile is damaged or has holes, it should be repaired in time. The same material should be used for repair, and the seam width should not be less than the designed overlap width.

[0119] In summary, in the embodiments of the present invention, the two-piece stone refers to a stone material between block stone (more than 10 kg) and crushed stone (particle size of 2 to 8 cm) in port and coastal engineering, and is usually used for the transition between these two types of stone, block stone leveling, crushed stone foundation cushioning, etc.

[0120] The ecological slope protection landscape layer adopts the structure of "hydraulic binder + graded crushed stone". The hydraulic binder is determined by the strength requirements of the landscape layer material. The landscape layer must be fully rinsed and dried before mixing with crushed stone. Referring to the relevant reports on the physical model test of the wave section of the ecological slope protection landscape layer, when the thickness of the landscape layer is 300mm, it can resist H 13％ =4.09m wave impact.

[0121] The materials for making the retaining wall and retaining foot are not limited to the above-mentioned C30 plain concrete, C35 concrete and other materials. Those skilled in the art can select other suitable materials for making the retaining wall and retaining foot according to actual conditions. Other suitable materials used are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0122] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention without the need for creative work should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coastal ecological slope protection structure, characterized in that: include: A base trench (1), wherein a base bed (2) is provided at the bottom of the base trench (1); A foot guard (3) is provided on the top of the base bed (2), and one side of the foot guard (3) is a block stone bottom guard (4); The other side of the foot guard (3) is a slope protection section, and a retaining wall (5) corresponding to the foot guard (3) is provided on the top of the slope protection section; the slope protection section is sequentially paved with a non-woven geotextile layer (6), a graded crushed stone layer (7), a two-piece stone cushion layer (8), a dry block stone layer (9) and a landscape layer (10) from bottom to top; The slope protection section includes a horizontal section (11) and a slope section (12), the retaining wall (5) is located in the horizontal section (11), and the retaining wall (5) is provided on two stone cushion layers (8), and the graded crushed stone layer (7) is located in the slope section (12); On the other side of the base trench (1) corresponding to the slope protection section is a side slope (13), the bottom of the side slope (13) is connected to the top of the base trench (1); a base slope (14) is provided on the side of the base bed (2) corresponding to the side slope; the block stone bottom protection (4) is provided on the base bed (2) and the base slope (14); The landscape layer (10) is made by mixing graded crushed stone and hydraulic binder; the base bed (2) is formed by compacting crushed stone; the hydraulic binder is polyurethane, the mixing ratio of graded crushed stone and polyurethane is 100:65, and the mixture is stirred at 30°C by a hand mixer; the foot guard is C35 concrete block, and the water-binder ratio is 0.35 in the splash zone and 0.40 in other areas; In the concrete mixture of C35 concrete, the maximum percentage of chloride ions in the mass of cementitious materials is: 0.06% for prestressed concrete, 0.10% for reinforced concrete, and 1.3% for plain concrete.

2. The coastal ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slope of the foundation trench (1) is 1:2, the slope of the side slope (13) is 1:5; and the slope of the base bed slope (14) is 1:

2.

3. The coastal ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The foot guard (3) and the retaining wall (5) are both made of concrete.

4. A construction method for a coastal ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Exploring the construction area, topography and geological conditions, and surveying and setting out the explored areas; Step 2: Excavate the foundation pit, focusing on elevation control and supplemented by soil quality verification. When the excavation reaches the design elevation, check the soil quality. Step 3: Throw stones into the excavated foundation trench to form a base bed, and then compact and level the base bed; Step 4: Install the foot guard on the base bed, backfill the gravel above the base bed slope to form a block stone bottom protection, and then excavate the slope; Step 5: Excavate the slope protection section on the side of the base bed close to the coast; Step 6: Lay a non-woven geotextile layer on the slope of the slope protection section, backfill the graded crushed stone layer on the slope of the slope section, and then backfill two stone cushion layers and dry block layers on the entire slope of the slope protection section; Step 7: On the surface of the dry block stone layer, graded crushed stone and hydraulic adhesive are fully mixed, paved and solidified to form a porous and permeable structure, i.e., the landscape layer; Step 8: Plant vegetation on the surface of the landscape layer and cover it with sea sand.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the compaction of the base bed, compaction is carried out in sections, the overlap length of the section compaction is 4m, the bottom area of ​​the rammer is 3㎡, the pressure of the hammer bottom is 60kPa, the drop distance is 3m, the impact energy of each rammer is 240kJ / ㎡, and the rammer has a vertical drainage channel; before compaction, the riprap surface layer is properly leveled, and the local height difference is 300mm. After the base bed is compacted, the compaction inspection is carried out. During the inspection, each ramming construction section is randomly inspected for 8m of the base bed. The original rammer and the original rammer can be repeated once, that is, the rammers are arranged adjacent to each other, and half of the rammer is not pressed. The average settlement of the repeated rammer is 30mm.

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