A photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system and construction method adapted to complex terrain

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system and construction method suitable for complex terrain. The system includes multiple columns arranged at intervals along undulating ground. The tops of the columns are each provided with a bearing seat, which supports the main shaft through the bearing seat. Bearing seat connectors are provided on both sides of the top of the columns, providing a mounting surface for the bearing seat and a connection surface for fixing to the top sides of the columns. The bearing seat connectors are capable of translation when initially connected to the columns and the bearing seats. The main shaft is mounted on the bearing seat, and the photovoltaic module is fixed to the main shaft. Under the deadweight of the main shaft and the photovoltaic module, the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the columns is balanced, the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground is reduced, and the inclination angle of the main shaft caused by the undulating ground is balanced. The columns are pre-buried to an equal depth, and the spacing is calculated to minimize the deflection of the main shaft after curvature calculation. The present invention can adapt to complex terrain with undulations, saves steel, and is easy to construct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of large-scale photovoltaic power stations, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system and a construction method that can adapt to complex terrain. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for clean energy in China and the gradual advancement of the semiconductor industry, the cost of high-efficiency photovoltaic modules has fallen, making the development of large-scale solar photovoltaic power plants possible. To improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation in large-scale photovoltaic power plants, tracking brackets are often used to rotate the solar panels, increasing the area of ​​sunlight projected onto the panels. The gain effect of trackers is more significant at higher latitudes, which is of great significance in the vast Chinese environment.

[0003] The more components a tracking bracket can drive, the lower the average cost of the tracker, which in turn shortens the project's payback period. Therefore, a tracking bracket's rotating shaft typically drives dozens or even hundreds of components, and the total length of the shaft can approach or even exceed 100 meters. This creates numerous challenges for bracket construction and assembly.

[0004] To prevent the main shaft from deforming excessively under its own weight or load, supporting columns are typically placed approximately every 10 meters. A large-scale photovoltaic power station may involve hundreds or even thousands of columns. For ease of transportation and management, columns of the same specifications are typically used within a single project. Due to the length of the main shaft, the ground surface in the installation area is large and often undulating. Directly leveling the ground using civil engineering takes a long time and is costly. Therefore, the industry typically adjusts the depth of the columns by adjusting their drive depth to ensure absolute levelness of the main shaft. However, this method is less adaptable to slopes. For a project with a span of 100 meters, a 1% slope corresponds to a 1-meter height difference, requiring all columns to be extended by 1 meter beyond the minimum embedded depth and above-ground height. The main shaft itself is typically located approximately 2-3 meters above ground level. Adding a 1-meter increase in columns significantly increases steel usage and construction costs, severely limiting the applicability of flat single-axis tracker systems.

[0005] Even if prefabricated columns of varying lengths are used to reduce the amount of pre-buried pile foundation construction, a significant amount of steel is still required. Therefore, for sloping terrain, some have proposed an inclined layout, where the main axis is angled with the horizontal and the structure is kept as parallel to the ground as possible. This approach can reduce steel consumption to a certain extent on flat slopes, but the depth of column drive still needs to be adjusted for complex, undulating terrain, limiting its adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system and construction method that can adapt to complex terrain. It can adapt to complex terrain with undulations, save steel, and facilitate construction.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following technical solutions:

[0008] A photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adaptable to complex terrain comprises a plurality of columns arranged at intervals along undulating ground, wherein the tops of the columns are provided with bearing seats, and the main shaft is supported by the bearing seats; bearing seat connectors are provided on both sides of the tops of the columns, and the bearing seat connectors provide a mounting plane for the bearing seat and a connection plane for fixing with both sides of the tops of the columns; the bearing seat connectors are capable of translation when initially connected to the columns and the bearing seats, the main shaft is mounted on the bearing seats, and the photovoltaic modules are fixed on the main shaft, and under the action of the dead weight of the main shaft and the photovoltaic modules, the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the columns is balanced, the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground is reduced, and the inclination angle of the main shaft caused by the undulating ground is balanced; the pre-buried depths of the columns are equal, and the spacing is minimized after curvature calculation so as to minimize the deflection of the main shaft.

[0009] As a preferred solution, a photovoltaic component is installed on the main shaft, and the main shaft is clamped by a bearing seat slider inside the bearing seat. By driving the main shaft to rotate around its own axis, the photovoltaic component can be driven to rotate within a set angle range.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the bearing seat is composed of two parts, upper and lower, which are assembled in a detachable manner. The bearing seat slider and the bearing seat are matched with an arc surface along the axial direction of the main shaft. The bearing seat slider can be adjusted by sliding. After the main shaft is clamped by the bearing seat slider, the minimum axial sliding range relative to the bearing seat is not less than ±δ z , δ z The calculation expression is as follows:

[0011] δ z =c f |L i,j -h i,j |

[0012] Where: c f is a safety factor.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the curvature of the plurality of columns is calculated after the positions are initially selected. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] Where: κ is the curvature; y i is the relative height of the ground where the i-th column is located;

[0016] h is the theoretical horizontal spacing between columns;

[0017] For slopes less than 20%, the calculation expression is simplified to:

[0018] κ=|y i+1 +y i-1 -2y i | / h 2

[0019] Compare the calculated curvature κ with the reference curvature κ0:

[0020] When κ≤κ0, the deflection of the main axis is fully utilized to adapt to the terrain, and the buried depth of all columns is the same;

[0021] When κ>κ0, adjust the layout position so that κ≤κ0;

[0022] The maximum curvature is used as the objective function, and the minimum value of the objective function is obtained to optimize the position of the column.

[0023] As a preferred solution, for a flexural modulus of 2.0×10 4 ≤W≤5.4×10 4 mm 3 The principal axis has a reference curvature κ0 = 0.01.

[0024] As a preferred solution, the actual horizontal spacing of the plurality of columns is calculated using the following calculation expression:

[0025]

[0026] Where: h i,j is the actual horizontal distance between the i-th column and the j-th column;

[0027] L i,j is the main axis length between the i-th column and the j-th column;

[0028] y i is the height of the i-th column, y j is the height of the j-th column.

[0029] As a preferred solution, a first waist hole is provided on the plane where the bearing seat connector is connected to the column, and a second waist hole is provided on the plane where the bearing seat is installed; a column waist hole is provided on the surface where the column is connected to the bearing seat connector, and a bearing seat waist hole is provided on the surface where the bearing seat is connected to the bearing seat connector; the first waist hole and the column waist hole intersect with each other, and the second waist hole and the bearing seat waist hole intersect with each other; a first bolt is used to pass through the first waist hole and the column waist hole to connect the bearing seat connector and the column; a second bolt is used to pass through the second waist hole and the bearing seat waist hole to connect the bearing seat and the bearing seat connector.

[0030] As a preferred solution, the waist hole of the column is opened vertically, the first waist hole is opened horizontally, and the first waist hole has a curvature.

[0031] A construction method of the photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain comprises the following steps:

[0032] Select the location of the columns, drive them into the ground, make sure the depth is the same, and pour cement;

[0033] After the column is completely fixed, preliminarily connect the bearing seat to the column through the bearing seat connector;

[0034] Install the main shaft on the bearing seat and fix the photovoltaic module on the main shaft;

[0035] Automatically adjust under the weight of the main shaft and photovoltaic panels to balance the horizontal error caused by column positioning, reduce the stress caused by the height difference of the uneven ground, and balance the main shaft inclination caused by the uneven ground;

[0036] Tighten the connection between the bearing seat connector, the bearing seat and the column.

[0037] As a preferred solution, the selection of the column positions includes performing curvature calculation after the initial selection of the positions of the multiple columns. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Where: κ is the curvature; y i is the relative height of the ground where the i-th column is located;

[0040] h is the theoretical horizontal spacing between columns;

[0041] For slopes less than 20%, the calculation expression is simplified to:

[0042] κ=|y i+1 +y i-1 -2y i | / h 2

[0043] Compare the calculated curvature κ with the reference curvature κ0:

[0044] When κ≤κ0, the main axis deflection is fully utilized to adapt to the terrain, and the buried depth of all columns is the same;

[0045] When κ>κ0, adjust the layout position so that κ≤κ0;

[0046] The maximum curvature is used as the objective function, and the minimum value of the objective function is obtained to optimize the position of the column.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The main shaft is supported by a bearing seat arranged on the top of the column, and the bearing seat is installed on the column through a bearing seat connector. The bearing seat connector can move horizontally when initially connected to the column and the bearing seat. Under the action of the dead weight of the main shaft and the photovoltaic component, the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the column is balanced, the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground is reduced, and the inclination of the main shaft caused by the undulating ground is balanced. The pre-buried depths of the columns of multiple columns are equal, and the spacing minimizes the deflection of the main shaft after curvature calculation. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system of the present invention utilizes the deflection of the main shaft to compensate for the terrain undulation, reduces the buried depth of the column, and at the same time, dynamically determines the piling position of the column according to the terrain, reduces the installation stress, is suitable for undulating large-span (>50m) complex terrain, saves steel and is easy to construct, and is of great significance for the construction of large-scale photovoltaic power stations and saving steel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of adjusting the position of columns according to terrain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a single column and a bearing seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] In the attached figure: 1-main shaft; 2-bearing seat; 22-bearing seat waist hole; 3-column; 31-column waist hole; 4-undulating ground; 5-column embedded depth; 6-bearing seat connecting piece; 61-first waist hole; 62-second waist hole; 71-first bolt; 72-second bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0054] See also Figure 1The present invention is a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system suitable for complex terrain, comprising a plurality of columns 3 arranged at intervals along an undulating surface 4. Each column 3 is provided with a bearing seat 2 at the top, which supports a main shaft 1 and provides support and positioning functions. The main shaft 1 is mounted at a certain height above the undulating surface 4 and can rotate within a certain range through the bearing seat 2. Figure 3 A bearing seat connector 6 is provided on both sides of the top of the column 3. The bearing seat connector 6 provides a mounting surface for the bearing seat 2 and a connection surface for fixing with both sides of the top of the column 3. A first waist hole 61 is provided on the plane where the bearing seat connector 6 connects to the column 3, and a second waist hole 62 is provided on the plane where the bearing seat 2 is mounted. A column waist hole 31 is provided on the surface where the column 3 connects to the bearing seat connector 6, and a bearing seat waist hole 22 is provided on the surface where the bearing seat 2 connects to the bearing seat connector 6. The first waist hole 61 and the column waist hole 31 intersect with each other, and the second waist hole 62 and the bearing seat waist hole 22 intersect with each other. A first bolt 71 is passed through the first waist hole 61 and the column waist hole 31 to connect the bearing seat connector 6 to the column 3. A second bolt 72 is passed through the second waist hole 62 and the bearing seat waist hole 22 to connect the bearing seat 2 to the bearing seat connector 6. The column waist hole 31 of this embodiment is opened vertically, and the first waist hole 61 is opened horizontally. The first waist hole 61 has an arc, which allows the installation process to have errors along the axial direction of the main shaft 1 and the angle difference between the bearing seat 2 and the ground. A photovoltaic component is installed on the main shaft 1, and the interior of the bearing seat 2 clamps the main shaft 1 through a bearing seat slider. The main shaft 1 is driven by a central rotating mechanism or driven by a push rod to rotate around its own axis, and can drive the photovoltaic component to rotate within a set angle range. The bearing seat 2 of the embodiment of the present invention is assembled by detachable splicing of the upper and lower parts. The bearing seat slider and the bearing seat 2 are matched with an arc surface along the axial direction of the main shaft 1. The bearing seat slider can be adjusted by sliding. After the main shaft 1 is clamped by the bearing seat slider, the minimum axial sliding range relative to the bearing seat 2 is not less than ±δ z , δ z The calculation expression is as follows:

[0055] δ z =c f |L i,j -h i,j |;

[0056] Where: c f is a safety factor, preferably 1.5.

[0057] Through the support system structure of the present invention, the bearing seat connector 6 allows a certain angle between the bearing seat 2 and the column 3 during the installation process, reducing the bending of the main shaft 1 at the bearing seat 2, so that the bending mainly occurs between the columns 1.

[0058] The bearing seat connector 6 is able to translate when initially connected to the column 3 and the bearing seat 2. The main shaft 1 is mounted on the bearing seat 2, and the photovoltaic module is fixed on the main shaft 1. Under the action of the self-weight of the main shaft 1 and the photovoltaic module, the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the column 3 is balanced, the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground 4 is reduced, and the inclination angle of the main shaft 1 caused by the undulating ground 4 is balanced; the pre-buried depths 5 of the multiple columns 3 are equal, and the spacing is minimized after curvature calculation to minimize the deflection of the main shaft 1.

[0059] See also Figure 2 After the initial positions of the multiple columns 3 are selected, the curvature calculation is performed. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Where: κ is the curvature; y i is the relative height of the i-th column 3 from the ground, in meters;

[0062] h is the theoretical horizontal spacing between the columns 3, in m;

[0063] For slopes less than 20%, the calculation expression is simplified to:

[0064] κ=|y i+1 +y i-1 -2y i | / h 2

[0065] Compare the calculated curvature κ with the reference curvature κ0:

[0066] When κ≤κ0, the deflection of the main axis 1 is fully utilized to adapt to the terrain, and the buried depth of all columns 3 is the same;

[0067] When κ>κ0, adjust the layout position so that κ≤κ0;

[0068] When the layout location is limited, local civil engineering methods can be used or the burial depth of a single column can be adjusted to make κ≤κ0.

[0069] For a flexural modulus of 2.0×10 4 ≤W≤5.4×10 4 mm 3 The principal axis is 1, with a reference curvature κ0 = 0.01.

[0070] The maximum curvature is used as the objective function, and the minimum value of the objective function is obtained to optimize the position of column 3.

[0071] The spindle deflection is calculated using the finite element method, replacing the above curvature with the deflection.

[0072] The actual horizontal spacing of multiple columns 3 is calculated using the following expression:

[0073]

[0074] Where: h i,j is the actual horizontal distance between the i-th column 3 and the j-th column 3;

[0075] L i,j is the length of the main axis 1 between the i-th column 3 and the j-th column 3;

[0076] y i is the height of the i-th column 3, y j is the height of the j-th column 3.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, after initially selecting positions a', b', c', and d' for column 3, curvature calculation is performed. The curvature at position c' is too high, necessitating adjustment of column 3. Aiming to minimize the deflection of spindle 1, the columns are moved to positions a, b, c, and d after iterative optimization. Ideally, the buried depth of columns 3 at positions a, b, c, and d is the same. In this case, the length of the precast column 3 can be calculated as the sum of the ground clearance and buried depth of spindle 1.

[0078] After selecting the position of column 3, during the construction process, column 3 is first driven into the ground to a uniform depth and cement is poured. After column 3 is fully secured, bearing seat 2 is assembled using bearing seat connector 6, but at this point, first bolt 71 and second bolt 72 are not fully tightened. It is worth noting that the present invention is not limited to the type of bearing connection, but rather aims to reduce the bending of the main shaft 1 at column 3, so that the maximum bending of the main shaft 1 occurs in the middle of column 3. For the upper and lower detachable bearing seat 2 used in the embodiment of the present invention, after the lower part is assembled, the main shaft 1 is placed on the bearing seat 2. If the main shaft 1 can be initially secured, the photovoltaic module can be first fixed to the main shaft 1 to increase the weight of the main shaft 1. Under the weight of the main shaft 1 and the photovoltaic module, the main shaft 1 can better fit the lower bearing seat 2, at which point the upper and lower halves of the bearing seat 2 can be fully connected. It is worth noting that the present invention is not limited to the type of bearing seat 2, but rather aims to reduce the manpower required for installation. This method can also be used for other bearing types. First, pass through the higher-positioned bearing seat 2, mount all or part of the components, and then pass through the other bearing seats 2. After the main shaft 1 and the bearing seat 2 are matched, the connection between the first bolt 71 and the second bolt 72 on the bearing seat connector 6 can be adjusted to reduce the installation stress. The bearing seat waist hole 22 corresponding to the second bolt 72 and the second waist hole 62 are a set of vertical waist holes, which balance part of the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the column 3. The column waist hole 31 corresponding to the second bolt 71 can partially adjust the height of the bearing seat and reduce the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground 4; and the first waist hole 61 has an arc correction, which can balance the inclination angle of the main shaft 1 caused by the undulating ground 4, so that the axial direction of the main shaft 1 is as consistent as possible with the axial direction of the bearing seat 2, reducing the bending of the main shaft 1 at the bearing seat 2.

[0079] In the photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrains of the present invention, the main shaft 1 between the columns 3 is allowed to bend to a certain extent, but the main shaft 1 near the columns 3 hardly bends, effectively reducing the bending deformation of the main shaft 1 at the bearing seat 2.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and replacements, and these modifications and replacements are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of columns (3) arranged at intervals along an undulating ground (4), wherein the top of each column (3) is provided with a bearing seat (2), and the main shaft (1) is supported by the bearing seat (2); bearing seat connectors (6) are provided on both sides of the top of the column (3), and the bearing seat connectors (6) provide a mounting plane for the bearing seat (2) and a connection plane for fixing with both sides of the top of the column (3); the bearing seat connectors (6) are capable of translation when initially connected to the column (3) and the bearing seat (2); the main shaft (1) is mounted on the bearing seat (2), and the photovoltaic module is fixed on the main shaft (1); under the action of the dead weight of the main shaft (1) and the photovoltaic module, the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the column (3) is balanced, the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground (4) is reduced, and the inclination angle of the main shaft (1) caused by the undulating ground (4) is balanced; the pre-buried depths (5) of the columns of the plurality of columns (3) are equal, and the spacing is such that the deflection of the main shaft (1) is minimized after curvature calculation; After the positions of the plurality of columns (3) are initially selected, the curvature calculation is performed, and the calculation expression is as follows: Where: κ is the curvature; y i is the relative height of the ground at the location of the i-th column (3); h is the theoretical horizontal spacing between the columns (3); For slopes less than 20%, the calculation expression is simplified to: κ=|y i+1 +y i-1 -2y i | / h 2 Compare the calculated curvature κ with the reference curvature κ0: When κ≤κ0, the deflection of the main axis (1) is fully utilized to adapt to the terrain, and the burial depth of all columns (3) is the same; When κ>κ0, adjust the layout position so that κ≤k0; Taking the maximum curvature as the objective function, the position of the column (3) is optimized by finding the minimum value of the objective function; The plane where the bearing seat connecting piece (6) is connected to the column (3) is provided with a first waist hole (61), and the plane where the bearing seat (2) is installed is provided with a second waist hole (62); the surface where the column (3) is connected to the bearing seat connecting piece (6) is provided with a column waist hole (31), and the surface where the bearing seat (2) is connected to the bearing seat connecting piece (6) is provided with a bearing seat waist hole (22); the first waist hole (61) and the column waist hole (31) intersect with each other, and the second waist hole (62) and the bearing seat waist hole (22) intersect with each other; a first bolt (71) is used to pass through the first waist hole (61) and the column waist hole (31) to connect the bearing seat connecting piece (6) to the column (3); a second bolt (72) is used to pass through the second waist hole (62) and the bearing seat waist hole (22) to connect the bearing seat (2) to the bearing seat connecting piece (6).

2. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: A photovoltaic assembly is mounted on the main shaft (1), and the interior of the bearing seat (2) clamps the main shaft (1) via a bearing seat slider. By driving the main shaft (1) to rotate around its own axis, the photovoltaic assembly can be driven to rotate within a set angle range.

3. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bearing seat (2) is composed of two parts, upper and lower, which are assembled in a detachable manner. The bearing seat slider and the bearing seat (2) are matched with each other in an arc surface along the axial direction of the main shaft (1). The bearing seat slider can be adjusted by sliding. After the main shaft (1) is clamped by the bearing seat slider, the minimum sliding range of the axial direction relative to the bearing seat (2) is not less than ±δ z , δ z The calculation expression is as follows: d z =c f |L i,j -h i,j | Where: c f is the safety factor; h i,j is the actual horizontal distance between the i-th column (3) and the j-th column (3); L i,j is the length of the main axis (1) between the i-th column (3) and the j-th column (3).

4. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: For a flexural modulus of 2.0×10 4 ≤W≤5.4×10 4 mm 3 The principal axis (1) has a reference curvature k0 = 0.

01.

5. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actual horizontal spacing of the plurality of columns (3) is calculated using the following calculation expression: Where: h i,j is the actual horizontal distance between the i-th column (3) and the j-th column (3); L i,j is the length of the main axis (1) between the i-th column (3) and the j-th column (3); y i is the height of the i-th column (3), y j is the height of the j-th column (3).

6. The photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column waist hole (31) is opened vertically, the first waist hole (61) is opened horizontally, and the first waist hole (61) has an arc.

7. A construction method for a photovoltaic flat single-axis tracking bracket system adapted to complex terrain as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select the position of the column (3), drive the column (3) into the ground, control the driving depth to be the same, and pour cement; After the column (3) is completely fixed, the bearing seat (2) and the column (3) are preliminarily connected through the bearing seat connector (6); Mounting the main shaft (1) on the bearing seat (2), and fixing the photovoltaic module on the main shaft (1); Automatically adjust under the deadweight of the main shaft (1) and the photovoltaic modules, balancing the horizontal error caused by the positioning of the columns (3), reducing the stress caused by the height difference of the undulating ground (4), and balancing the inclination of the main shaft (1) caused by the undulating ground (4); Tighten the connection between the bearing seat connector (6), the bearing seat (2) and the column (3).

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The position of the selected column (3) includes performing curvature calculation after the initial position selection of multiple columns (3), and the calculation expression is as follows: Where: κ is the curvature; y i is the relative height of the ground at the location of the i-th column (3); h is the theoretical horizontal spacing between the columns (3); For slopes less than 20%, the calculation expression is simplified to: κ=|y i+1 +y i-1 -2y i | / h 2 Compare the calculated curvature κ with the reference curvature κ0: When κ≤κ0, the deflection of the main axis (1) is fully utilized to adapt to the terrain, and the buried depth of all columns (3) is the same; When κ>κ0, adjust the layout position so that κ≤κ0; The maximum curvature is used as the objective function, and the minimum value of the objective function is obtained to optimize the position of the column (3).

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