A surface static correction method and device for complex surface areas

Abstract

The present invention provides a surface static correction method and device for a complex surface area, the method comprising: determining the first arrival data according to the original seismic data; determining the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the first arrival data; determining the replacement velocity according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer; determining the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity; obtaining the dominant high-speed top surface parameter according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, and determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement velocity; determining the fitted high-frequency component according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter; reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, and determining the total static correction amount. The present invention effectively improves the imaging quality of the seismic profile of complex surface terrain conditions by fitting and reconstructing the static correction amounts of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities, and ensures the reliability of the underground structural morphology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration and seismic data processing, and in particular to a surface static correction method and device for complex surface areas. Background Art

[0002] This section is intended to provide a background or context to embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. No description herein is admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

[0003] In terrestrial seismic exploration in complex piedmont areas, the surface of the area involved includes deserts, loess-covered areas, Gobi, piedmont belts, mountains and other types. The seismic data processing for complex surface conditions often involves a large area, diverse surface types, and complex and changeable near-surface velocity structures. The complex and diverse surface conditions have a great impact on seismic data processing and cannot accurately reflect the morphology of underground geological structures. Therefore, accurately estimating the surface velocity model and eliminating the static correction problem caused by complex surface factors on seismic data is one of the key technologies in seismic data processing.

[0004] At present, static correction methods include model static correction, first-arrival wave refraction static correction and first-arrival wave tomographic inversion static correction. Model static correction is achieved by selecting a reference surface, establishing a near-surface model and calculating static correction values. It is suitable for areas with relatively stable low-velocity drop layers, but cannot meet the requirements for complex surface layers. First-arrival wave refraction static correction requires the presence of a stable refraction interface near the surface. In actual situations, it is difficult to identify the first-arrival wave information of the same refraction layer, which will affect the static correction effect. It is suitable for deserts and loess plateaus with relatively stable refraction layers. First-arrival wave tomographic static correction is not constrained by drastic lateral changes in the surface and is suitable for complex piedmont areas. However, the single-parameter tomographic static correction method cannot solve the surface influence of complex and diverse surface conditions, and cannot accurately calculate the static correction for the entire area. For complex piedmont areas with multiple surface types, how to flexibly use the tomographic static correction method and make it applicable to actual complex surface conditions is a difficult problem encountered in current actual production applications.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a new solution that can solve the above technical problems is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, which effectively improves the imaging quality of a seismic profile under complex surface terrain conditions and ensures the reliability of underground structural morphology by fitting and reconstructing the static correction values ​​of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities. The method includes:

[0007] Determine the first arrival data based on the original seismic data;

[0008] Based on the first arrival data, determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer;

[0009] Determine the replacement speed based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer;

[0010] According to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity, the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters is determined;

[0011] The dominant high-speed top surface parameters are obtained according to the dominant parameter static correction area, and the uniform low-frequency component of the whole area is determined in combination with the replacement speed;

[0012] According to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, the fitting high-frequency component is determined;

[0013] The unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area are reconstructed in the shot point domain and the receiver point domain respectively to determine the total static correction.

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a surface static correction device for a complex surface area, comprising:

[0015] A first arrival data determination module is used to determine the first arrival data based on the original seismic data;

[0016] A high-speed layer top boundary determination module is used to determine the high-speed layer top boundary according to the first arrival data;

[0017] A replacement speed determination module, used for determining a replacement speed according to a top boundary of a high-speed layer;

[0018] A module for determining a region of dominant parameter static correction is used to determine a region of dominant parameter static correction according to a high-speed layer top boundary and a replacement speed;

[0019] The module for determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area is used to obtain the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters according to the advantageous parameter static correction area, and determine the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement speed;

[0020] A fitting high-frequency component determination module is used to determine the fitting high-frequency component according to the dominant parameter static correction amount area;

[0021] The total static correction amount determination module is used to reconstruct the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the entire area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, and determine the total static correction amount.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned surface static correction method for a complex surface area when executing the computer program.

[0023] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the above-mentioned surface static correction method for a complex surface area.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present invention, firstly, the initial arrival data is determined according to the original seismic data; then, the top boundary of the high-speed layer is determined according to the initial arrival data; then, the replacement velocity is determined according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer; and the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter is determined according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity; the next step is to obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameter according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, and determine the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement velocity; the next step is to determine the fitting high-frequency component according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter; finally, the unified low-frequency component and the fitting high-frequency component of the whole area are reconstructed in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction. Compared with the conventional single-parameter tomography static correction, the structural morphology of the stacked profile corresponding to the reconstructed total static correction is not changed, and the profile imaging quality is improved. The present invention realizes the fitting and reconstruction of static corrections of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities, which well solves the problem of the superior fitting of different static correction methods under complex surface conditions, effectively improves the imaging quality of three-dimensional seismic profiles under complex surface terrain conditions, eliminates the influence of the near surface, and ensures the reliability of the structural morphology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a first arrival diagram of a single shot in a work area of ​​a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a plane diagram of the tomographic static correction amount A of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a plane diagram of the tomographic static correction quantity B of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a plan view of unified low-frequency static correction quantities in a work area of ​​a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the plane fitting of high-frequency components of different tomographic static corrections of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a stacked section of tomographic static correction A of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 9 This is a stacked section of tomographic static correction B of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.10 The present invention is an embodiment of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area using a stacked profile of static correction quantities reconstructed based on variogram fitting.

[0036] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a computer device for running a surface static correction method for a complex surface area implemented by the present invention.

[0037] Fig.12 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a surface static correction device for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Here, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, which effectively improves the imaging quality of a seismic profile under complex surface terrain conditions and ensures the reliability of underground structural morphology by fitting and reconstructing the static correction values ​​of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities. The method includes:

[0040] Step S01: determining the first arrival data according to the original seismic data;

[0041] Step S02: Determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the first arrival data;

[0042] Step S03: Determine the replacement speed according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer;

[0043] Step S04: determining the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement speed;

[0044] Step S05: Obtaining the dominant high-speed top surface parameters according to the dominant parameter static correction area, and determining the uniform low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement speed;

[0045] Step S06: Determine the fitting high-frequency component according to the dominant parameter static correction area;

[0046] Step S07: reconstruct the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the entire area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction amount.

[0047] A surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: first, determining the first arrival data according to the original seismic data; then determining the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the first arrival data; then determining the replacement velocity according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer; continuing to determine the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity; next, obtaining the dominant high-speed top surface parameter according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, and determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement velocity; next, determining the fitting high-frequency component according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter; finally, reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitting high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction amount. Compared with the conventional single-parameter tomographic static correction amount, the structural morphology of the stacked profile corresponding to the reconstructed total static correction amount of the present invention does not change, and the profile imaging quality is improved. The present invention realizes the fitting and reconstruction of static correction amounts of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities, which well solves the problem of advantageous fitting of different static correction methods under complex surface conditions, effectively improves the imaging quality of three-dimensional seismic profiles under complex surface terrain conditions, eliminates the influence of the near surface, and ensures the reliability of the structural morphology.

[0048] For complex piedmont areas with various surface types, how to obtain accurate total static correction through tomographic static correction and make it applicable to the actual complex surface conditions is a problem that the embodiments of the present invention focus on solving. In order to solve this problem, combined with Figure 2 According to the process shown, when an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, the specific implementation may include: determining the first arrival data based on the original seismic data; determining the top boundary of the high-speed layer based on the first arrival data; determining the replacement velocity based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer; determining the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity; obtaining the dominant high-speed top surface parameter based on the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, and determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement velocity; determining the fitted high-frequency component based on the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter; reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, and determining the total static correction amount.

[0049] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a high-precision static correction method suitable for seismic data processing in complex areas of various surface types. The method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can achieve advantageous fitting and reconstruction of static correction values ​​of different replacement speeds and low speed reduction zones, and well solve the problem of complementary advantages of different parameter tomography static corrections under complex surface conditions, effectively improve the imaging quality of seismic profiles under complex surface terrain conditions, and ensure the reliability of underground structural morphology. The embodiment of the present invention is based on a zoned "double-variable" static correction method based on tomographic inversion. According to the complexity of the work area, different high-speed layer top boundaries and corresponding replacement speeds ("double-variable speed") in different areas are determined to calculate different static correction amounts, and the area with better imaging effect than other parameter static correction amounts is selected. The best parameter shot point static correction high-frequency amount and the detection point static correction high-frequency amount are fitted in two domains respectively, and the boundary of the transition of the static correction high-frequency amount in the dominant area is processed by a variation fitting function. Then, the unified low-frequency component of the tomographic static correction amount and the high-frequency component obtained by the dominant fitting are reconstructed to realize the fitting and reconstruction of the static correction amounts in different areas, solve the problem of dominant fitting of different static correction parameters under complex surface conditions, eliminate the influence of the near surface, and ensure the reliability of the underground structural morphology.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a single shot first arrival diagram of a work area of ​​a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, when implementing a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the aforementioned determination of the first arrival data based on the original seismic data may include:

[0051] Obtain first arrival data from the original seismic data; in order to obtain accurate first arrival data, it is necessary to edit and pick the low signal-to-noise ratio area to ensure that the input first arrival data is better to be incomplete than to be excessive. The aforementioned editing and picking in the low signal-to-noise ratio area can be implemented manually or by other tools, and is not limited to manual editing and picking. The aforementioned original seismic data can include: the first arrival wave data of the original shot collection in the seismic work area.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a plane diagram of the tomographic static correction amount A of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, when implementing a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the aforementioned first arrival data includes: first arrival wave time;

[0053] Based on the first arrival data, determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer, including:

[0054] Based on the first arrival wave time in the first arrival data, the near-surface velocity model is inverted using the tomography method, and the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions.

[0055] The top boundary of the high-speed layer is determined according to the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer.

[0056] In the embodiment, in order to determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer, it can mainly include: after the first arrival wave moment is picked up as mentioned above, firstly, based on the first arrival wave moment in the first arrival data, different high-speed layer top boundary parameters corresponding to different regions are designed and tested, so as to select the optimal parameters of different regions for inversion calculation of static correction by comparing and analyzing the imaging effect of the stacked profile in the future. The main methods include: based on the first arrival wave moment in the first arrival data, the near-surface velocity model is inverted by the tomography method, and the high-speed layer top boundary parameters are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions; then the high-speed layer top boundary parameters are screened to obtain the high-speed layer top boundary. Another implementation method of this embodiment can be based on the accurately picked first arrival wave moment, and the high-speed layer top boundary parameters are designed and tested by performing double-variable speed tomography static correction calculation on the whole area to obtain the high-speed layer top boundary, so as to compare and analyze the imaging effect of the stacked profile in the future, and finally determine the optimal high-speed layer top boundary parameters of the partition to calculate the static correction.

[0057] When implementing a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, determining the replacement velocity according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer may include:

[0058] The corresponding replacement speeds are selected based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer, and the optimal replacement speed parameters in different regions are selected to invert and calculate the high-frequency static correction to obtain the replacement speed. Through the above method, the replacement speed finally obtained is more consistent with the different lateral fluctuations in the actual complex area.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a plane diagram of the tomographic static correction amount B of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, when a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention is specifically implemented, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned determination of the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity includes:

[0060] Calculate the tomographic statics corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and replacement velocity respectively;

[0061] Decompose the tomographic static correction into low-frequency static correction and high-frequency static correction;

[0062] Apply high-frequency static correction to pre-stack seismic data for stack imaging to determine the stack data volume;

[0063] On the stacked data volume, the stacked sections are analyzed by using the quantitative signal-to-noise ratio to determine the dominant area range of each static correction value and the data fitting boundary;

[0064] The dominant region range and data fitting boundary of each static correction value are screened to determine the dominant parameter static correction value region.

[0065] In an embodiment, in order to determine the dominant parameter static correction area, the following steps may be included:

[0066] First, the tomographic static corrections corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and the replacement velocity obtained above are calculated respectively; then, the tomographic static corrections obtained by the above calculation are decomposed into low-frequency static corrections and high-frequency static corrections; then, the pre-stack seismic data is superimposed and imaged using the high-frequency static corrections obtained by the above decomposition to obtain a superimposed data body; next, on the superimposed data body, the stacked profile is analyzed using the quantitative signal-to-noise ratio to determine the dominant area range and data fitting boundary of each static correction; finally, the dominant area range and data fitting boundary of each static correction are screened, and the dominant parameter static correction area is selected therefrom. Among them, the above screening process generally selects the area with better imaging effect than other parameter static corrections as the dominant parameter static correction area. The embodiment of the present invention can achieve the dominant fitting and reconstruction of static corrections of different replacement velocities and low deceleration zones, which well solves the problem of complementary advantages of tomographic static corrections of different parameters under complex surface conditions, effectively improves the imaging quality of seismic profiles under complex surface terrain conditions, and ensures the reliability of underground structural morphology. According to the complexity of the work area, the top boundaries of the high-speed layers in different areas and the corresponding replacement speeds ("double speed change") are determined to calculate different static correction values, and the areas with better imaging effects than other parameter static correction values ​​are selected.

[0067] Figure 6 The unified low-frequency static correction volume plane diagram of the working area of ​​a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 6 As shown, when a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention is specifically implemented, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned dominant high-speed top surface parameter is obtained according to the dominant parameter static correction amount area, and the uniform low-frequency component of the whole area is determined in combination with the replacement speed, including:

[0068] Analyze the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters and obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameters;

[0069] Determine the basic static correction amount according to the replacement speed and the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters;

[0070] Determine the low-frequency smoothing radius based on the surface characteristics;

[0071] According to the low-frequency smoothing radius, the basic static correction is decomposed into low-frequency components and high-frequency components;

[0072] The low-frequency component is determined as a uniform low-frequency component for the entire region.

[0073] In an embodiment, in order to determine the uniform low-frequency component of the entire region, the following steps may be included:

[0074] First, the dominant parameter static correction area is analyzed to obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameters; then, the basic static correction is calculated based on the replacement speed and the dominant high-speed top surface parameters; next, the low-frequency smoothing radius is determined based on the surface characteristics; the surface characteristics may include: the shape and size of the underground structure; among the shapes and sizes of the underground structure, the structure radius ≤ the low-frequency smoothing radius; then, based on the low-frequency smoothing radius, the basic static correction is decomposed into low-frequency components and high-frequency components; finally, the low-frequency component is determined as a unified low-frequency component for the entire area to prepare data for subsequent fitting and reconstruction.

[0075] When implementing a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned determination of the fitting high-frequency component based on the static correction amount area of ​​the dominant parameter includes:

[0076] At the data fitting boundary of the dominant parameter static correction area, the high-frequency values ​​of shot point static correction are fitted in the shot point domain, and the high-frequency values ​​of detection point static correction are fitted in the detection point domain. The boundary of the transition of high-frequency values ​​of different tomographic static corrections is processed using the variation fitting function to determine the fitted high-frequency components.

[0077] In an embodiment, in order to determine the fitting high-frequency component, the following steps may be included:

[0078] At the data fitting boundary of the dominant parameter static correction area, the high frequency of the shot point static correction and the high frequency of the detection point static correction are fitted in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, that is, the high frequency of the shot point static correction is fitted in the shot point domain and the high frequency of the detection point static correction is fitted in the detection point domain;

[0079] Then, the variance fitting function ST A H =(ST C1 H *D1+ST C2 H *D2) / (D1+D2), perform boundary transition processing on the optimal static correction values ​​of different selected areas, where D1 is the distance from a certain point P in the transition area to the outer boundary line B, D2 is the distance from point P to the inner boundary imaginary line, and D1+D2 is the width of the transition area, which should be determined according to the surface undulation and the designed arrangement length. D1+D2≥designed arrangement length. The values ​​of D1 and D2 are generally selected from 1 / 2 to 3 / 2 times the field construction design arrangement length. A H It represents the new high-frequency static correction after variation fitting in the dominant area; STC1 H Indicates the original high-frequency static correction value within the range from a certain point P to the outer boundary line B in the transition area; ST C2 H Represents the original high-frequency static correction value within the range from point P to the inner boundary dotted line; * represents the star multiplication.

[0080] The expression of the variation fitting function mentioned above is for illustration only. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, during implementation, the above formula may be deformed in a certain form and other parameters or data may be added, or other specific formulas may be provided as needed. All of these variations should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] When implementing a surface static correction method for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitting high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction value may include: on the basis of obtaining the above-mentioned unified low-frequency component and the fitting high-frequency component of the whole area, reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitting high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction value ST A =ST C1 L +ST C2 H Among them, ST A Indicates the total static correction; ST C1 L Indicates the unified low-frequency static correction value for the entire area; ST C2 H It represents the new high-frequency static correction obtained by variation fitting in the transition zone.

[0082] The above-mentioned expression of the total static correction is for illustration only. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, during implementation, the above formula may be deformed in a certain form and other parameters or data may be added, or other specific formulas may be provided as needed. All of these variations should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] The embodiment of the present invention fits the high-frequency quantity of static correction of the best parameter shot point and the high-frequency quantity of static correction of the detection point in two domains respectively, uses the variation fitting function to process the boundary of the transition of the high-frequency quantity of static correction in the dominant area, and then reconstructs the unified low-frequency component of the tomographic static correction quantity and the high-frequency component obtained by the dominant fitting, so as to realize the fitting and reconstruction of the static correction quantity in different areas, solve the problem of the dominant fitting of different static correction parameters under different surface conditions under complex surface conditions, eliminate the influence of the near surface, and ensure the reliability of the underground structural morphology.

[0084] After the total static correction is obtained, the quality of the total static correction is monitored. Compared with the single constant speed parameter tomographic static correction, the structure of the stacked section corresponding to the partitioned "double speed" static correction used in the embodiment of the present invention has not changed fundamentally, but the quality of the section imaging is improved. The total static correction is analyzed by stacking the sections, such as Figure 8 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 By comparison, it can be seen that the imaging effect of tomographic static correction is good in the Gobi area on the left side of the work area, while the effect of refraction static correction in the desert area on the right side is better than that of a single parameter. The stacked profile of static correction values ​​reconstructed based on variogram fitting combines the advantages of the two methods. The structural morphology of the reconstructed static correction stacked profile has not changed. At the same time, the imaging quality of the profile reflection event axis has been significantly improved, with better continuity, and a relatively good static correction application effect has been achieved, proving the advantages of the static correction processing technology based on variogram fitting reconstruction.

[0085] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a process of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, which mainly includes:

[0086] In step 101, the original seismic data is input; first, the seismic data is first picked. In order to obtain accurate first arrival time, manual editing and picking are required for low signal-to-noise ratio areas. The picked first arrival time is used as the input data of step 102, such as Figure 3 The process proceeds to step 102.

[0087] In step 102, different groups of high-speed top boundaries (surfaces) are tested; based on the accurately picked first arrival wave time, the near-surface velocity model is inverted by using the tomography method through design and experiment, and the high-speed layer top boundary parameters are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions. The high-speed layer top boundary parameters are used to perform double-variable velocity tomography static correction calculations to obtain the high-speed layer top boundary. This is to subsequently compare and analyze the imaging effect of the stacked profile, and finally determine the optimal high-speed layer top boundary parameters for the partition to calculate the static correction amount, such as Figure 4 As shown in (speed, unit: m / s; horizontal distance, unit: m; depth, unit: m). The process proceeds to step 103.

[0088] In step 103, the corresponding replacement speed is determined; the corresponding different replacement speeds are selected based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer in step 102, which is more consistent with the different lateral fluctuations of the actual complex area. The process enters step 104.

[0089] In step 104, the corresponding high-frequency static corrections are calculated respectively and the dominant parameter static correction area of ​​each static correction is selected; the tomographic static corrections corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and the replacement velocity are calculated respectively and decomposed into low-frequency static corrections and high-frequency static corrections. The pre-stack seismic data is stacked and imaged using the high-frequency static corrections. On the stacked data volume, the signal-to-noise ratio and continuity are used to analyze the stacked profile imaging quality (such as Figure 5 As shown, the signal-to-noise ratio and continuity of the stacked profile in the circle are the best), and finally the range of the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter containing the top velocity of each high-speed layer and the data fitting boundary are determined. The process enters step 105.

[0090] In step 105, a unified low-frequency value of the whole area is calculated using a unified replacement speed and a dominant high-speed top boundary; a basic static correction value of the tomography is calculated using a unified replacement speed and a dominant high-speed top surface parameter, and a low-frequency smoothing radius is determined according to the shape and size of the underground structure, where the structure radius is ≤ the low-frequency smoothing radius. The basic static correction value is decomposed into a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component, and the low-frequency component is determined as a unified low-frequency value of the whole area, so as to prepare data for subsequent fitting and reconstruction, such as Figure 6 The process proceeds to step 106.

[0091] In step 106, each high-frequency component is subjected to transition processing using a variogram fitting function at the fitting boundary; the boundary of the transition of high-frequency quantities of different tomographic static corrections is processed using a variogram fitting function in the dominant parameter static correction region determined in step 104 to determine the fitting high-frequency component, such as Figure 7 The process proceeds to step 107.

[0092] In step 107, the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area are reconstructed in the shot point domain and the receiver point domain; the unified low-frequency component of the whole area of ​​the tomographic static correction and the fitted high-frequency component obtained by fitting the variogram in step 6 are reconstructed in the shot point domain and the receiver point domain respectively to determine the total static correction. The process proceeds to step 108.

[0093] In step 108, the outputted new total static correction is analyzed by stacking sections, such as Figure 8 and Fig. 9 By comparison, it can be seen that the Gobi area on the left side of the work area has a better profile imaging effect with a replacement velocity of 2000 m / s. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 By comparison, the desert area on the right has a better profile imaging effect with a replacement velocity of 1800 m / s computed tomography static correction, such as Fig.10As shown in the figure, the stacked profile of the static correction value reconstructed based on the fitting of the variogram combines the advantages of two velocity interfaces and replacement velocity. The structural morphology of the reconstructed static correction stacked profile has not changed. At the same time, the imaging quality of the profile reflection event axis has been significantly improved, with better continuity, and a relatively good static correction application effect has been achieved, which proves the advantage of using the partitioned "double-speed" static correction processing technology.

[0094] The present invention provides a surface static correction method for complex and diverse surface areas. The method is based on a zoned "double-variable" static correction method of tomographic inversion. According to the complexity of the work area, different high-speed layer top boundaries and corresponding replacement speeds ("double-variable speed") in different areas are determined to calculate different static correction values, and areas with better imaging effects than other parameter static correction values ​​are selected. The best parameter shot point static correction high-frequency value and the detection point static correction high-frequency value are fitted in two domains respectively, and the boundary of the transition of the static correction high-frequency value in the dominant area is processed by a variation fitting function. Then, the unified low-frequency component of the tomographic static correction value and the high-frequency component obtained by the dominant fitting are reconstructed to realize the fitting and reconstruction of the static correction values ​​in different areas, solve the problem of the dominant fitting of different static correction parameters under complex surface conditions, eliminate the influence of the near surface, and ensure the reliability of the underground structural morphology.

[0095] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a computer device for running a surface static correction method for a complex surface area implemented by the present invention, such as Fig.11 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned surface static correction method for a complex surface area when executing the computer program.

[0096] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the above-mentioned surface static correction method for a complex surface area.

[0097] The present invention also provides a surface static correction device for a complex surface area, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the device to solve the problem is similar to that of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of a surface static correction method for a complex surface area, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0098] Fig.12 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surface static correction device for a complex surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.12 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a surface static correction device for complex surface areas, which may include:

[0099] The first arrival data determination module N01 is used to determine the first arrival data according to the original seismic data;

[0100] The high-speed layer top boundary determination module N02 is used to determine the high-speed layer top boundary according to the first arrival data;

[0101] A replacement speed determination module N03, used to determine the replacement speed according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer;

[0102] The dominant parameter static correction amount region determination module N04 is used to determine the dominant parameter static correction amount region according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement speed;

[0103] The module N05 for determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area is used to obtain the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters according to the advantageous parameter static correction area, and determine the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement speed;

[0104] The fitting high-frequency component determination module N06 is used to determine the fitting high-frequency component according to the dominant parameter static correction amount area;

[0105] The total static correction amount determination module N07 is used to reconstruct the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the entire area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, and determine the total static correction amount.

[0106] When implementing a surface static correction device for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the aforementioned first arrival data includes: first arrival wave time;

[0107] The first arrival data determination module is specifically used for:

[0108] Based on the first arrival wave time in the first arrival data, the near-surface velocity model is inverted using the tomography method, and the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions.

[0109] The top boundary of the high-speed layer is determined according to the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer.

[0110] When implementing a surface static correction device for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the aforementioned dominant parameter static correction amount region determination module is specifically used to:

[0111] Calculate the tomographic statics corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and replacement velocity respectively;

[0112] Decompose the tomographic static correction into low-frequency static correction and high-frequency static correction;

[0113] Apply high-frequency static correction to pre-stack seismic data for stack imaging to determine the stack data volume;

[0114] On the stacked data volume, the stacked sections are analyzed by using the quantitative signal-to-noise ratio to determine the dominant area range of each static correction value and the data fitting boundary;

[0115] The dominant region range and data fitting boundary of each static correction value are screened to determine the dominant parameter static correction value region.

[0116] When implementing a surface static correction device for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the aforementioned whole-area unified low-frequency component determination module is specifically used to:

[0117] Analyze the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters and obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameters;

[0118] Determine the basic static correction amount according to the replacement speed and the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters;

[0119] Determine the low-frequency smoothing radius based on the surface characteristics;

[0120] According to the low-frequency smoothing radius, the basic static correction is decomposed into low-frequency components and high-frequency components;

[0121] The low-frequency component is determined as a uniform low-frequency component for the entire region.

[0122] When implementing a surface static correction device for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned fitting high-frequency component determination module is specifically used to:

[0123] At the data fitting boundary of the dominant parameter static correction area, the high-frequency values ​​of shot point static correction are fitted in the shot point domain, and the high-frequency values ​​of detection point static correction are fitted in the detection point domain. The boundary of the transition of high-frequency values ​​of different tomographic static corrections is processed using the variation fitting function to determine the fitted high-frequency components.

[0124] In summary, the surface static correction method and device for a complex surface area provided by an embodiment of the present invention include: first, determining the first arrival data according to the original seismic data; then determining the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the first arrival data; then determining the replacement velocity according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer; continuing to determine the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter according to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity; next, obtaining the dominant high-speed top surface parameter according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, and determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement velocity; next, determining the fitted high-frequency component according to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter; finally, reconstructing the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively, and determining the total static correction. Compared with the conventional single-parameter tomographic static correction, the structural morphology of the stacked section corresponding to the reconstructed total static correction of the present invention has not changed, and the section imaging quality has been improved. The present invention realizes the fitting and reconstruction of static correction quantities of different variable high-speed layer top boundaries and variable replacement velocities, which well solves the problem of advantageous fitting of different static correction methods under complex surface conditions, effectively improves the imaging quality of three-dimensional seismic profiles under complex surface terrain conditions, eliminates the influence of the near surface, and ensures the reliability of structural morphology.

[0125] The present invention provides a surface static correction method for complex and diverse surface areas. The method is based on a zoned "double-variable" static correction method of tomographic inversion. According to the complexity of the work area, different high-speed layer top boundaries and corresponding replacement speeds ("double-variable speed") in different areas are determined to calculate different static correction values, and areas with better imaging effects than other parameter static correction values ​​are selected. The best parameter shot point static correction high-frequency value and the detection point static correction high-frequency value are fitted in two domains respectively, and the boundary of the transition of the static correction high-frequency value in the dominant area is processed by a variation fitting function. Then, the unified low-frequency component of the tomographic static correction value and the high-frequency component obtained by the dominant fitting are reconstructed to realize the fitting and reconstruction of the static correction values ​​in different areas, solve the problem of the dominant fitting of different static correction parameters under complex surface conditions, eliminate the influence of the near surface, and ensure the reliability of the underground structural morphology.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0127] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0128] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0129] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0130] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface static correction method for complex surface areas, characterized in that: include: Determine the first arrival data based on the original seismic data; Based on the first arrival data, determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer; Determine the replacement speed based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer; According to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity, the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters is determined; The dominant high-speed top surface parameters are obtained according to the dominant parameter static correction area, and the uniform low-frequency component of the whole area is determined in combination with the replacement speed; According to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, the fitting high-frequency component is determined; The unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the whole area are reconstructed in the shot point domain and the receiver point domain respectively to determine the total static correction amount; The first arrival data includes: first arrival wave time; Based on the first arrival data, determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer, including: Based on the first arrival wave time in the first arrival data, the near-surface velocity model is inverted using the tomography method, and the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions. Determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer; Determine the replacement speed based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer, including: The corresponding replacement velocities are selected based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer, and the optimal replacement velocity parameters in different regions are selected to invert and calculate the high-frequency static correction to obtain the replacement velocity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the top boundary of the high-speed layer and the replacement velocity, the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters is determined, including: Calculate the tomographic statics corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and replacement velocity respectively; Decompose the tomographic static correction into low-frequency static correction and high-frequency static correction; Apply high-frequency static correction to pre-stack seismic data for stack imaging to determine the stack data volume; On the stacked data volume, the stacked sections are analyzed by using the quantitative signal-to-noise ratio to determine the dominant area range of each static correction value and the data fitting boundary; The dominant region range and data fitting boundary of each static correction value are screened to determine the dominant parameter static correction value region.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The dominant high-speed top surface parameters are obtained according to the dominant parameter static correction area, and the uniform low-frequency components of the whole area are determined in combination with the replacement speed, including: Analyze the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters and obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameters; Determine the basic static correction amount according to the replacement speed and the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters; Determine the low-frequency smoothing radius based on the surface characteristics; According to the low-frequency smoothing radius, the basic static correction is decomposed into low-frequency components and high-frequency components; The low-frequency component is determined as a uniform low-frequency component for the entire region.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that According to the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameter, the fitting high-frequency components are determined, including: At the data fitting boundary of the dominant parameter static correction area, the high-frequency values ​​of shot point static correction are fitted in the shot point domain, and the high-frequency values ​​of detection point static correction are fitted in the detection point domain. The boundary of the transition of high-frequency values ​​of different tomographic static corrections is processed using the variation fitting function to determine the fitted high-frequency components.

5. A surface static correction device for complex surface areas, characterized in that: include: A first arrival data determination module is used to determine the first arrival data based on the original seismic data; A high-speed layer top boundary determination module is used to determine the high-speed layer top boundary according to the first arrival data; A replacement speed determination module, used for determining a replacement speed according to a top boundary of a high-speed layer; A module for determining a region of dominant parameter static correction is used to determine a region of dominant parameter static correction according to a high-speed layer top boundary and a replacement speed; The module for determining the unified low-frequency component of the whole area is used to obtain the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters according to the advantageous parameter static correction area, and determine the unified low-frequency component of the whole area in combination with the replacement speed; A fitting high-frequency component determination module is used to determine the fitting high-frequency component according to the dominant parameter static correction amount area; The total static correction amount determination module is used to reconstruct the unified low-frequency component and the fitted high-frequency component of the entire area in the shot point domain and the detection point domain respectively to determine the total static correction amount; The first arrival data includes: first arrival wave time; The first arrival data determination module is specifically used for: Based on the first arrival wave time in the first arrival data, the near-surface velocity model is inverted using the tomography method, and the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer are determined by different replacement velocity values ​​corresponding to different regions. Determine the top boundary of the high-speed layer according to the top boundary parameters of the high-speed layer; Replace the speed determination module, specifically for: The corresponding replacement velocities are selected based on the top boundary of the high-speed layer, and the optimal replacement velocity parameters in different regions are selected to invert and calculate the high-frequency static correction to obtain the replacement velocity.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The module for determining the area of ​​the dominant parameter static correction is specifically used for: Calculate the tomographic statics corresponding to the high-speed layer top boundary and replacement velocity respectively; Decompose the tomographic static correction into low-frequency static correction and high-frequency static correction; Apply high-frequency static correction to pre-stack seismic data for stack imaging to determine the stack data volume; On the stacked data volume, the stacked sections are analyzed by using the quantitative signal-to-noise ratio to determine the dominant area range of each static correction value and the data fitting boundary; The dominant region range and data fitting boundary of each static correction value are screened to determine the dominant parameter static correction value region.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The low-frequency component determination module is unified across the region, specifically used for: Analyze the static correction area of ​​the dominant parameters and obtain the dominant high-speed top surface parameters; Determine the basic static correction amount according to the replacement speed and the advantageous high-speed top surface parameters; Determine the low-frequency smoothing radius based on the surface characteristics; According to the low-frequency smoothing radius, the basic static correction is decomposed into low-frequency components and high-frequency components; The low-frequency component is determined as a uniform low-frequency component for the entire region.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The fitting high frequency component determination module is specifically used for: At the data fitting boundary of the dominant parameter static correction area, the high-frequency values ​​of shot point static correction are fitted in the shot point domain, and the high-frequency values ​​of detection point static correction are fitted in the detection point domain. The boundary of the transition of high-frequency values ​​of different tomographic static corrections is processed using the variation fitting function to determine the fitted high-frequency components.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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