A method and device for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency modulation

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for optimizing the reserve capacity of power plants participating in primary frequency regulation. The method includes: acquiring the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when a frequency disturbance occurs in the power grid; and optimizing the reserve capacity of renewable energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time. The technical solution provided by this invention utilizes the rapid frequency response characteristics of renewable energy sources to quickly compensate for power grid power deficits, thereby reducing the maximum frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the power grid. Simultaneously, by optimizing the reserve capacity of renewable energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation, the frequency support capability of a high-proportion renewable energy power grid is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power generation operation control, specifically to a method and apparatus for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, research on technologies for new energy sources to participate in grid primary frequency regulation has received increasing attention. Technologies for wind power participation in grid frequency regulation mainly include virtual synchronous generation, virtual inertia control, and droop control. Technologies for photovoltaic power participation in grid frequency regulation mainly include virtual synchronous generation. These studies help solve the response and control problems of new energy power generation equipment to grid frequency disturbances. However, primary frequency regulation is a process in which all frequency-regulated power sources in the grid continuously provide active power support according to frequency deviation. The active power adjustment of frequency-regulated power sources is naturally distributed according to the droop coefficient. The primary frequency regulation capacity of the grid is jointly determined by all frequency-regulated power sources. Based on the actual situation of the grid, and following the principle of "clear frequency regulation responsibilities and coordinated cooperation among different types of units," the frequency regulation dead zone and droop coefficient of different types of power sources have been optimized to achieve coordinated rapid frequency regulation behavior of wind power, photovoltaic power, and conventional thermal power. Since the primary frequency regulation capacity of conventional thermal power can currently meet the needs of rapid power frequency control, no reserve of active power from new energy sources to cope with low-frequency disturbances in the grid has been considered.

[0003] As the proportion of installed capacity and actual electricity generated by new energy sources increases, the space for conventional thermal power will be further squeezed. Reserved active power reserves for new energy sources to cope with low-frequency grid disturbances will become an important technical measure. Excessive active power reserves will affect the absorption of new energy, while insufficient reserves will lead to insufficient primary frequency regulation capacity of the grid; both must be balanced. Under these conditions, how to reserve active power reserves for new energy sources has not been systematically studied in previous research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for optimizing the reserve capacity of power plants participating in primary frequency regulation. By optimizing the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation, the frequency support capability of high-proportion new energy power grids can be improved.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, the improvement of which is that the method includes:

[0007] Acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances;

[0008] The reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid is optimized based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0009] Preferably, the step of obtaining the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences a frequency disturbance includes:

[0010] Adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid to induce frequency disturbances;

[0011] Obtain the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0012] Preferably, the step of optimizing the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid includes:

[0013] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0014] Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0015] Furthermore, the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include:

[0016] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the transient frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased by 1%P. eRR The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0017] If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased by 1%P. eGR Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0018] Among them, P eRR P represents the rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,Z H represents the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. GR P represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. eGR This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0019] Furthermore, the objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid includes:

[0020] The objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] In the above formula, F is the objective function value of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and ΔP RR,u Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R Let u ∈ [1-N] be the number of new energy power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R ], ΔP GR,k Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the k-th thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G Let k be the number of thermal power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, k∈[1-N]. G ], k R,u Let k be the marker for the u-th new energy power station participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G,k This is the marker for the k-th thermal power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, where k R,u When k = 1, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.R,u When k = 0, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When k = 1, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When = 0, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0023] Furthermore, the constraints of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid include:

[0024] The following formula is used to determine the constraint condition for the sum of primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the optimization model of reserve capacity for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid:

[0025]

[0026] The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity constraints of new energy power plants in the optimization model for power plant reserve capacity participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid are determined by the following formula:

[0027] ΔP RR,u ≤min(ΔP RR,u,max ,P R,u,max -P R,u )

[0028] The frequency change rate constraint of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0029] η≤R f

[0030] The constraint condition for determining the time of occurrence of the maximum frequency offset in the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0031] t d ≤t fset

[0032] t r ≤t rset

[0033] The constraint condition for determining the maximum offset of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is as follows:

[0034] Δf max ≤Δf set

[0035] In the above formula, ΔP Rmin ΔP represents the minimum primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,u,maxP represents the maximum primary frequency regulation capacity allocated to the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u,max Let P be the maximum power generation capacity of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u Let R be the output of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, and let η be the frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. f Given the maximum frequency change rate t of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. fset t represents the frequency recovery time threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. r Let t be the frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. rset t represents the acceptable frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. d Let Δf be the maximum frequency offset time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. max Δf represents the maximum frequency offset of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. set This is the transient frequency offset threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0036] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention provides a backup capacity optimization device for a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, wherein the improvement is that the device includes:

[0037] The acquisition module is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0038] The optimization module is used to optimize the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0039] Preferably, the acquisition module includes:

[0040] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, causing frequency disturbances in it.

[0041] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0042] Preferably, the optimization module is specifically used for:

[0043] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0044] Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0045] Furthermore, the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include:

[0046] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the transient frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased by 1%P. eRR The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0047] If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased by 1%P. eGR Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0048] Among them, P eRR P represents the rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,Z H represents the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. GRP represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. eGR This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0049] Compared with the closest existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0050] This invention provides a method and apparatus for optimizing the reserve capacity of power plants participating in primary frequency regulation. By acquiring the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances, the reserve capacity of renewable energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation is optimized based on these parameters. The technical solution provided by this invention allows for appropriate reserve provisions in renewable energy sources, meeting system inertia requirements. It leverages the rapid frequency response characteristics of renewable energy to quickly compensate for power grid power deficits, reducing the maximum frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the power grid. Furthermore, the support effect of renewable energy on primary frequency regulation is only related to the provided regulation capacity, independent of the number of power plants participating in primary frequency regulation. This allows for flexible adjustments when formulating renewable energy primary frequency regulation reserve configuration schemes. Simultaneously, by optimizing the reserve capacity of renewable energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation, the frequency support capability of a high-proportion renewable energy power grid is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, provided by the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, provided by the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is the backup capacity optimization model for new energy participating in the primary frequency regulation of the system in the embodiment;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the power grid frequency curves before and after the optimization of the standby capacity for a single frequency regulation in the embodiment.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the grid frequency curves when different numbers of new energy sources are turned on, as shown in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] This invention provides a method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0060] Acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances;

[0061] The reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid is optimized based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0062] In this embodiment, obtaining the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences a frequency disturbance includes:

[0063] Adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid to induce frequency disturbances;

[0064] Obtain the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0065] In this embodiment, optimizing the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid includes:

[0066] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0067] Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0068] Furthermore, the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include:

[0069] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the transient frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased by 1%P. eRR The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0070] If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased by 1%P. eGR Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0071] Among them, P eRR P represents the rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,Z H represents the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. GR P represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. eGR This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0072] Furthermore, the objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid includes:

[0073] The objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] In the above formula, F is the objective function value of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and ΔP RR,u Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R Let u ∈ [1-N] be the number of new energy power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R ], ΔP GR,k Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the k-th thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G Let k be the number of thermal power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, k∈[1-N]. G ], k R,u Let k be the marker for the u-th new energy power station participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G,k This is the marker for the k-th thermal power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, where k R,u When k = 1, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. R,u When k = 0, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When k = 1, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When = 0, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0076] Furthermore, the constraints of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid include:

[0077] The following formula is used to determine the constraint condition for the sum of primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the optimization model of reserve capacity for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid:

[0078]

[0079] The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity constraints of new energy power plants in the optimization model for power plant reserve capacity participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid are determined by the following formula:

[0080] ΔP RR,u ≤min(ΔP RR,u,max ,P R,u,max -P R,u )

[0081] The frequency change rate constraint of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0082] η≤R f

[0083] The constraint condition for determining the time of occurrence of the maximum frequency offset in the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0084] t d ≤t fset

[0085] t r ≤t rset

[0086] The constraint condition for determining the maximum offset of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is as follows:

[0087] Δf max ≤Δf set

[0088] In the above formula, ΔP Rmin ΔP represents the minimum primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,u,max P represents the maximum primary frequency regulation capacity allocated to the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u,max Let P be the maximum power generation capacity of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u Let R be the output of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, and let η be the frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. f Given the maximum frequency change rate t of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. fset t represents the frequency recovery time threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. r Let t be the frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. rset t represents the acceptable frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. d Let Δf be the maximum frequency offset time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. max Δf represents the maximum frequency offset of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. set This is the transient frequency offset threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] This invention provides a backup capacity optimization device for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the device includes:

[0091] The acquisition module is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0092] The optimization module is used to optimize the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances.

[0093] In this embodiment, the acquisition module includes:

[0094] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, causing frequency disturbances in it.

[0095] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0096] In this embodiment, the optimization module is specifically used for:

[0097] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0098] Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0099] Furthermore, the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include:

[0100] If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the transient frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased by 1%P. eRR The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0101] If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased by 1%P. eGR Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0102] Among them, P eRR P represents the rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,Z H represents the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. GR P represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. eGR This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0103] Furthermore, the objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid includes:

[0104] The objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] In the above formula, F is the objective function value of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and ΔP RR,u Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R Let u ∈ [1-N] be the number of new energy power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R ], ΔP GR,k Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the k-th thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. GLet k be the number of thermal power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, k∈[1-N]. G ], k R,u Let k be the marker for the u-th new energy power station participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G,k This is the marker for the k-th thermal power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, where k R,u When k = 1, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. R,u When k = 0, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When k = 1, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When = 0, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0107] Furthermore, the constraints of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid include:

[0108] The following formula is used to determine the constraint condition for the sum of primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the optimization model of reserve capacity for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid:

[0109]

[0110] The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity constraints of new energy power plants in the optimization model for power plant reserve capacity participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid are determined by the following formula:

[0111] ΔP RR,u ≤min(ΔP RR,u,max ,P R,u,max -P R,u )

[0112] The frequency change rate constraint of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0113] η≤R f

[0114] The constraint condition for determining the time of occurrence of the maximum frequency offset in the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0115] t d ≤t fset

[0116] t r ≤t rset

[0117] The constraint condition for determining the maximum offset of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is as follows:

[0118] Δf max ≤Δf set

[0119] In the above formula, ΔP Rmin ΔP represents the minimum primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,u,max P represents the maximum primary frequency regulation capacity allocated to the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u,max Let P be the maximum power generation capacity of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u Let R be the output of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, and let η be the frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. f Given the maximum frequency change rate t of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. fset t represents the frequency recovery time threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. r Let t be the frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. rset t represents the acceptable frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. d Let Δf be the maximum frequency offset time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. max Δf represents the maximum frequency offset of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. set This is the transient frequency offset threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0120] Example 3:

[0121] This invention provides a method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, the method comprising:

[0122] Step 1: Establish an optimization model for the reserve capacity of power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. The objective function of the model is:

[0123]

[0124] In the above formula, F is the objective function value of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and ΔP RR,u Let N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R Let u ∈ [1-N] be the number of new energy power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R ], ΔP GR,kLet N be the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of the k-th thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G Let k be the number of thermal power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, k∈[1-N]. G ], k R,u Let k be the marker for the u-th new energy power station participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. G,k This is the marker for the k-th thermal power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, where k R,u When k = 1, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. R,u When k = 0, the u-th new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When k = 1, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. G,k When = 0, the kth thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

[0125] The constraints of the objective function include:

[0126] The following formula is used to determine the constraint condition for the sum of primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the optimization model of reserve capacity for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid:

[0127]

[0128] The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity constraints of new energy power plants in the optimization model for power plant reserve capacity participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid are determined by the following formula:

[0129] ΔP RR,u ≤min(ΔP RR,u,max ,P R,u,max -P R,u )

[0130] The frequency change rate constraint of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0131] η≤R f

[0132] The constraint condition for determining the time of occurrence of the maximum frequency offset in the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula:

[0133] t d ≤t fset

[0134] t r ≤t rset

[0135] The constraint condition for determining the maximum offset of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is as follows:

[0136] Δf max ≤Δf set

[0137] In the above formula, ΔP Rmin ΔP represents the minimum primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. RR,u,max P represents the maximum primary frequency regulation capacity allocated to the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u,max Let P be the maximum power generation capacity of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. R,u Let R be the output of the u-th renewable energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, and let η be the frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. f Given the maximum frequency change rate t of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. fset t represents the frequency recovery time threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. r Let t be the frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. rset t represents the acceptable frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. d Let Δf be the maximum frequency offset time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. max Δf represents the maximum frequency offset of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. set This is the transient frequency offset threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

[0138] Step 2: Solve the optimization model for the reserve capacity of the power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, such as... Figure 3 As shown:

[0139] Step a: Set acceptable transient frequency offset parameters for the system, including the maximum frequency offset and recovery time; then calculate the system inertia and frequency regulation reserve requirements offline, where the system is a power grid. The calculation formula is shown below:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] In the above formula, H min To meet the minimum inertia requirement of the power grid, S sys H represents the total capacity of the power grid. i S is the inertial constant of the i-th power station;Ni H represents the rated capacity of the i-th power station. R S is the inertial constant of the primary frequency regulation standby unit. R This is the reserve capacity for primary frequency regulation.

[0143] Step b: Under the given initial operating mode, calculate the initial power flow, read the initial output of each power station, the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of each unit, the response time and the adjustment time, and establish an optimization model;

[0144] Step c: Set up a large unit tripping or large load fluctuation causing frequency disturbance. Use electromechanical transient time domain simulation to determine whether to optimize the various constraints in the model. If the transient frequency offset or recovery time is less than or equal to the acceptable index, output the primary frequency regulation standby configuration result; if it is greater, proceed to step d.

[0145] Step d: Check if the transient frequency offset acceptable index is not met. If the maximum frequency offset is greater than the acceptable index, it indicates that the system's primary frequency regulation reserve capacity is insufficient, and proceed to step e. If the system frequency recovery time is greater than the acceptable index, it indicates that the system's primary frequency regulation speed is insufficient, and proceed to step f. If both indexes are greater than the acceptable index, prioritize adjusting the system's primary frequency regulation reserve capacity, and proceed to step e.

[0146] Step e: Add a conventional frequency regulation unit, or increase the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of each unit by 1% of the capacity of the frequency regulation unit, and proceed to step c;

[0147] Step f: Increase the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of new energy power generation by 1% of the new energy power plant capacity to replace the primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of thermal power units, and proceed to step c.

[0148] Simulation verification of the method proposed in this embodiment is conducted: Based on an actual power grid with appropriate simplification, the total installed capacity after simplification is 1453MW, of which 1000MW is renewable energy installed capacity. The operating mode consists of 11 conventional generating units and 53 renewable energy power plants. The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity is 75MW, and primary frequency regulation is entirely undertaken by conventional generating units. A frequency disturbance is simulated in the power grid, and two generators are disconnected within 1 second, with a total disconnected capacity of 7.5MW. The given requirements for power grid frequency regulation are a maximum frequency offset of 0.3Hz and a recovery time of 15s.

[0149] Comparative analysis of power grid frequency transient characteristics before and after optimization: While maintaining the same operating mode and total reserve capacity, 45 renewable energy power plants were selected to participate in frequency regulation. After optimization, the reserve capacity of conventional units is 59MW, and the reserve capacity of renewable energy is 16MW. A comparison of transient frequency characteristics before and after optimization is provided below. Figure 4As shown in the figure, since the power-on method was not adjusted, the overall inertia level of the system remained unchanged, and the system frequency change rate also remained unchanged. However, after the new energy source participated in the system's first frequency regulation, the system frequency recovery time was 13.8s, which was 12.02s shorter than the original standby mode. In addition, due to the rapid response of the new energy source to compensate for the system's power deficit, the maximum frequency deviation of the system was also improved compared to before optimization.

[0150] Comparative analysis of system transient frequency variation characteristics under different new energy start-up methods: such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, changing the startup mode of new energy sources has no impact on the system's inertia level. Keeping the primary frequency regulation reserve of new energy sources constant, the system's transient frequency change characteristics are essentially the same under different startup modes. For new energy sources participating in primary frequency regulation, it is only necessary to comprehensively consider the frequency regulation support requirements, absorption requirements, and the economically necessary reserve capacity from a system perspective, and then arrange the reserve plan according to certain principles. The impact of the new energy startup mode is not required. Therefore, the primary frequency regulation reserve configuration scheme for new energy power generation can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of each power station while meeting the total capacity requirements.

[0151] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0152] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0153] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0154] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0155] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the reserve capacity of a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances; The reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid is optimized based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances. If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in primary frequency regulation and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in primary frequency regulation and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in primary frequency regulation and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in primary frequency regulation in the power grid. The reserve capacity of new energy power plants and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include: If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased. The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. ; If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased. Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. in, The rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This refers to the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The acquisition of transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbance includes: Adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid to induce frequency disturbances; Obtain the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid includes: The objective function of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula: In the above formula, The objective function value is given by the optimization model for the reserve capacity of power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid Primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of a new energy power plant This represents the number of new energy power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. , The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid Primary frequency regulation reserve capacity of a thermal power plant This represents the number of thermal power plants in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. , The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid The marker indicating that a new energy power station participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid The markers for a thermal power plant participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, where, when When =1, the first... in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid... A new energy power station participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, when When =0, the first... in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid... Each new energy power station does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. When =1, the first... in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid... A thermal power plant participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, when When =0, the first... in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid... Each thermal power plant does not participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The constraints of the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid include: The following formula is used to determine the constraint condition for the sum of primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the optimization model of reserve capacity for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid: The primary frequency regulation reserve capacity constraints of new energy power plants in the optimization model for power plant reserve capacity participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid are determined by the following formula: The frequency change rate constraint of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula: The constraint condition for determining the time of occurrence of the maximum frequency offset in the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is determined by the following formula: The constraint condition for determining the maximum offset of the reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of the power grid is as follows: In the above formula, This represents the minimum primary frequency regulation reserve capacity in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. Assigned to the first in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid The maximum primary frequency regulation capacity of each new energy power station The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid The maximum power generation capacity of each new energy power station The first electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid The output of each new energy power station The frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. Given the maximum frequency change rate of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the frequency recovery time threshold for the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This refers to the frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. The acceptable frequency recovery time for the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the maximum frequency offset time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the maximum frequency offset of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This is the transient frequency offset threshold of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

5. A backup capacity optimization device for a power plant participating in primary frequency regulation, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances. The optimization module is used to optimize the reserve capacity of new energy power plants or thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid based on the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time when the power grid experiences frequency disturbances. The optimization module is specifically used for: If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold, then solve the pre-established reserve capacity optimization model for power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid, and obtain the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and the optimal reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. Otherwise, adjust the reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid until the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the power grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the power grid frequency recovery time threshold. Then, take the adjusted reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid as the optimal reserve capacity of new energy power plants and thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. The reserve capacity of new energy power plants and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid include: If the transient frequency offset is less than or equal to the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is greater than the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of the new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid will be increased. The reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid will be reduced in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. ; If the transient frequency offset is greater than the grid transient frequency offset threshold and the frequency recovery time is less than or equal to the grid frequency recovery time threshold, then the reserve capacity of new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid remains unchanged, and the reserve capacity of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the grid is increased. Alternatively, select any thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid that is not participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid and enable it to start up and participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. in, The rated capacity of the new energy power station in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This refers to the additional reserve capacity added to new energy power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the number of thermal power plants participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid. This represents the rated capacity of a thermal power plant in the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The acquisition module includes: The adjustment unit is used to adjust the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid, causing frequency disturbances in it. The acquisition unit is used to acquire the transient frequency offset and frequency recovery time of the electromechanical transient time-domain simulation system corresponding to the power grid.

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