An electrode winding device

Abstract

This invention discloses an electrode winding device, comprising a base. The base has two vertically upward-facing fixed supports on its left and right sides. Each support has a sliding sleeve for a high-voltage electrode to pass through, fixedly positioned at its upper center. A rotating frame with a rectangular frame structure is rotatably mounted on the outside of the two sliding sleeves via bearings. The inner ends of the two sliding sleeves are mounted and extend through the inner surface of the rotating frame at its center. The rotating frame also has a pulley steering mechanism offset from the sliding sleeves on its side, and a wire roller mounting mechanism at its end. This device enables the fabrication of a plasma discharge electrode structure capable of producing glow discharge effects, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient, fast, and efficient operation.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application No. 202110583629.3, filed on May 27, 2021, entitled "A Method for Treating Ship Exhaust Gas". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of ship exhaust gas treatment, and more specifically to an electrode winding device. Background Technology

[0003] Maritime transport is a globally recognized major source of air pollutants. In recent years, with the rapid development of international maritime trade, more and more people have begun to care about the global impact of air pollutants. Because ship exhaust emissions can easily travel long distances in the atmosphere, from ocean to land, and even from one continent to another, they have a significant impact on local and regional air quality. Furthermore, some ship emissions occur in coastal areas, and exhaust pollutants can directly spread to the continent, causing environmental problems that affect human health and ecosystems. According to statistics from the European Environment Agency (EEA), ships globally emit approximately 25 million tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx), 15 million tons of sulfur oxides (SOx), and 1.3 million tons of particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere annually.

[0004] Currently, ship exhaust SOx control technologies mainly include low-sulfur fuel technology, dry desulfurization technology, and wet scrubbing technology. Ship exhaust NOx control technologies mainly include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR system) technology and selective catalytic reduction (SCR system) technology.

[0005] Among traditional desulfurization and denitrification technologies, seawater desulfurization, while simple in operation, reliable, environmentally friendly, and economical, is not very effective in treating exhaust gases emitted from the combustion of high-sulfur fuel oil. Furthermore, the overall equipment occupies a large space, and its desulfurization efficiency is low in low-salinity sea areas. The entire desulfurization process requires the replacement of large amounts of seawater, consuming additional fuel oil to power it, increasing costs. The biggest limiting factors for dry desulfurization systems are the replenishment of the desulfurizing agent and the accumulation and treatment of reaction byproducts after exhaust gas treatment. Dry desulfurization systems have high requirements for absorbents, the desulfurizing agents have poor stability, and there are many byproducts after the reaction, making treatment and utilization complicated and requiring additional configuration equipment. EGR systems can lower the temperature of circulating exhaust gas, significantly reducing NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions from ship main engines. However, EGR operation requires strict control of the exhaust gas recirculation ratio, and the optimal recirculation flow rate needs to be continuously adjusted according to changes in load to balance economic benefits and NOx emission reduction. EGR technology has relatively high investment and operating costs, with unit investment costs typically ranging from $60 to $80 per kW, and operating costs generally accounting for 4% to 6% of the fuel cost when a ship is navigating in emission control areas. Similarly, SCR technology also suffers from large footprint, high investment and operating costs, and the SCR system is more complex, with installation costs accounting for approximately 5% to 8% of the total cost of a ship. Catalyst deactivation at low temperatures, reductant leakage, and the need to consume large amounts of urea during operation all contribute to increased operating costs.

[0006] Therefore, those skilled in the art need to find new, low-cost, and highly reliable methods for treating ship exhaust gases.

[0007] In the field of exhaust gas treatment, plasma discharge technology for purifying exhaust gases (mainly engine exhaust gases) has become a relatively efficient method in recent years. Plasma, also known as electrolytic plasma, is an ionized gaseous substance with a large number of positive and negative ions, produced by the ionization of atoms and atomic groups after some electrons are stripped away. Plasma also includes electrons, various excited-state atoms, atoms, and free radicals, thus possessing high energy levels and activity. The principle of plasma discharge treatment is to rely on the plasma generated by ionization to decompose pollutants in the exhaust gas, thereby achieving the purpose of pollutant degradation. For example, CN204051409U disclosed a toothed plate flow-equalizing cold plasma exhaust gas treatment device, and CN104941400B disclosed a discharge plasma automotive exhaust gas treatment device and its treatment method with rotating spiral electrodes; both utilize plasma technology for exhaust gas treatment.

[0008] Plasma can be classified into plasmas generated through arc discharge, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and glow discharge, based on its generation method. The first three discharge methods are the most common plasma treatment methods in the field of exhaust gas treatment. However, arc discharge's main mechanism relies on high temperature, making it more suitable for air purification and sterilization than exhaust gas treatment. Corona discharge generates plasma with a lower energy level, resulting in a lower sterilization effect compared to glow discharge plasma, and its decomposition efficiency for harmful substances such as formaldehyde is also low. Dielectric barrier discharge requires a dielectric layer between electrodes for breakdown, making its ionization structure inconvenient and hindering exhaust gas passage. Glow discharge plasma has a higher energy level and activity, primarily degrading pollutants through high-energy particles within the plasma, making it a generally ideal exhaust gas treatment method; however, conventional glow discharge methods have a small discharge area and require a low-pressure environment for formation, making practical application in exhaust gas purification difficult. Furthermore, existing exhaust gas treatment devices are mostly designed for automotive exhaust, and their treatment efficiency is unsuitable for the needs of marine exhaust gas treatment.

[0009] The inventor's research group previously applied for patent CN102548177B, which disclosed a discharge electrode structure for a plasma air purification device. This structure uses positive and negative electrodes arranged in a cross-shaped mesh, directly contacting each other after the electrodes are wrapped in insulating material for discharge. This patented technology differs from conventional ionization treatment, which relies on an electric field to discharge through non-contact electrodes. It generates low-temperature plasma at the electrode contact point based on surface discharge principles, which then diffuses outward. The low-temperature plasma generated in this way has properties similar to glow discharge plasma, exhibiting high sterilization rates, good degradation of pollutants, and low power consumption. However, this structure only generates ionization discharge at the electrode cross-contact point, resulting in relatively low efficiency. Therefore, based on this patent, the inventor's research group also applied for CN105848397B, a plasma disinfection and sterilization device with a flexible discharge electrode structure. In this patented device, a grounded electrode is spirally wound around a high-voltage electrode after being wrapped in an insulating medium to achieve ionization discharge. Its discharge principle combines the properties of dielectric barrier discharge and surface discharge, generating low-temperature plasma with a glow discharge-like effect at the electrode contact interface, making it suitable for treating exhaust gases.

[0010] However, the device in CN105848397B still has shortcomings such as material limitations, short lifespan, and limited treatment effect. It is not suitable for direct use in ship exhaust gas treatment and needs further improvement to enhance its treatment efficiency and effect. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to provide a ship exhaust gas treatment method that offers good treatment effect, high treatment efficiency, convenient implementation, and low cost. This invention also provides an electrode winding device that can conveniently and quickly realize the preparation of plasma discharge electrodes.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] A method for treating ship exhaust gas involves ionizing the ship exhaust gas and using plasma ionized particles generated by the ionization discharge to degrade harmful components in the exhaust gas. The method is characterized in that the ionization discharge is generated between the surface of a high-voltage electrode wrapped with insulating material and a grounded electrode, and the ionization discharge is a glow discharge effect.

[0014] Conventional exhaust gas treatment methods typically use plasma in the form of arc discharge or corona discharge, resulting in plasmas with low energy levels and activity. In this application, an ionization discharge phenomenon is generated between a high-voltage electrode coated with insulating material and a wound grounding electrode. This generates ionized plasma with glow discharge effects, possessing higher energy levels and activity, thus better meeting the treatment requirements of ship exhaust gas and improving treatment effectiveness and efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, two grounding electrodes are interlaced and wound around the surface of the high-voltage electrode.

[0016] This allows for a better increase in the energy level of ionized plasma, a richer variety of energy level types for ionized particles, and a significant improvement in processing efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, this method relies on connecting a ship exhaust gas treatment device based on plasma ionization into the ship's exhaust gas passage. The ship exhaust gas treatment device includes a shell, with one end of the shell being an air inlet and the other end being an air outlet. An air passage is formed in the middle of the shell, and a plasma discharge electrode is arranged in the air passage. The plasma discharge electrode includes a high-voltage electrode that is columnar in shape located in the middle. The high-voltage electrode is wrapped with an insulating material, and a grounding electrode is spirally wound around the insulating material. The plasma discharge electrode is arranged in layers along the cross-section of the air passage and is arranged in multiple layers at intervals along the air passage direction. Each layer of plasma discharge electrode includes multiple electrodes arranged in parallel at intervals.

[0018] In use, the inlet and outlet of the device are connected to the exhaust gas channel of the ship to be treated. All high-voltage and grounding electrodes are connected to the high-voltage and grounding terminals of the power supply, respectively. Specifically, a plasma AC power supply system with a high-frequency, high-voltage output circuit can be used for control (the specific structure of the control part is conventional and will not be detailed here). After the device is powered on and reaches the discharge voltage, a discharge circuit is formed between the high-voltage and grounding electrodes of the plasma discharge electrode. Based on the principles of dielectric barrier discharge and surface discharge, a low-temperature plasma with a glow discharge effect (i.e., a uniformly diffused pale blue discharge with a milliampere-level discharge current and a small number of current pulses) is generated at the electrode contact interface, achieving ionization and purification of the exhaust gas. This device employs multiple layers of electrodes spaced along the exhaust gas flow direction, with each layer containing multiple electrodes arranged parallel to each other along the cross-section of the gas passage. This significantly increases the number of ionization zones within the three-dimensional space of the gas passage, achieving three-dimensional ionization purification of the intake gas and greatly improving the exhaust gas treatment effect. It is particularly suitable for the large volume of ship exhaust gas treatment needs.

[0019] Furthermore, each pair of adjacent plasma discharge electrodes is arranged in a staggered, 90-degree-off arrangement.

[0020] In this way, by arranging adjacent layers of electrodes in an alternating manner, a three-dimensional grid-like ionization region can be better formed, thereby achieving better ionization purification of the passing airflow.

[0021] Furthermore, the plasma discharge electrodes of different layers but arranged in the same direction are staggered in the arrangement interval direction, so that there are no gaps in the projection of all plasma discharge electrodes on the cross section along the exhaust gas flow direction.

[0022] In this way, the projections of all horizontal and vertical electrodes onto the cross-section of the air duct can 100% cover the entire duct cross-section. This arrangement ensures that all exhaust pollutants can fully contact the electrode surface, guaranteeing treatment effectiveness.

[0023] Furthermore, the high-voltage electrode is a cylindrical structure made of copper.

[0024] This method has the advantages of low cost, ease of installation, and good power generation effect. Of course, other metal materials with good electrical conductivity can also be used during implementation.

[0025] Furthermore, the insulating material is a ceramic or glass fiber material.

[0026] High-temperature resistant ceramic or glass fiber materials are excellent inorganic electret materials. Compared with organic electret materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene used in the patent described in the background art, they can better withstand the high temperature of 300-500℃ in ship exhaust gas, making them particularly suitable for the treatment of high-temperature ship exhaust gas. More importantly, their surface is rougher than that of smooth polytetrafluoroethylene, giving them a better ability to retain charge. After a single discharge, the charged particles generated during the previous discharge process can be stored in the shallow layer of the material surface under the action of the electric field, greatly improving the ionization treatment effect.

[0027] Furthermore, the grounding electrode is made of carbon fiber. This material is inexpensive, easy to implement, has good conductivity, and can better control the generation of ionization discharge.

[0028] Furthermore, in the plasma discharge electrode, the grounding electrode consists of two electrodes arranged in an interlaced double helix winding structure.

[0029] Thus, compared to the single-helix grounding electrode structure in the background patent, the double-helix arrangement of two grounding electrodes increases the ionization region on the high-voltage electrode surface and reduces the ionization dark area. More importantly, the two grounding electrodes are arranged in a cross configuration. At the intersection, the grounding electrode is pressed against the high-voltage electrode surface with a different degree of tightness than at other locations. Furthermore, the current flowing through this point is different due to the contact between the two grounding electrodes. The reduced resistance at the contact point causes a sudden increase in current, resulting in a different ionization discharge effect compared to other contact points on the high-voltage electrode surface. This can generate higher-energy ionized particles (or, from the perspective of electric field superposition, compared to the parallel spiral arrangement of grounding electrodes, the electric field superposition effect between different locations on the high-voltage electrode surface and the two grounding electrodes is different, leading to different ionization energy levels and thus generating a wider variety of ionized particles). This allows the entire surface of the high-voltage electrode to generate more ionized particles of different energy levels, greatly enriching the types and quantities of ionized particles produced. This enables it to better address the diverse and slightly different treatment needs arising from the numerous harmful components in (ship) exhaust gas. Consequently, it significantly improves the overall treatment effect of (ship) exhaust gas.

[0030] Furthermore, the grounding electrode is composed of multiple woven carbon fiber filaments.

[0031] In this way, the grounding electrode is constructed from multiple woven carbon fiber filaments, giving it a certain degree of elasticity and flexible deformation capability. Therefore, at the intersection of two grounding electrodes, the lower electrode can deform and be flattened, minimizing gaps between the upper electrode and the high-voltage electrode surface, thus preventing filamentary discharges that could burn out the electrode. Furthermore, the woven structure of the grounding electrode can be viewed as forming multiple interwoven, tiny carbon fiber filament electrodes. From a microscopic perspective, this allows for the generation of localized currents of varying instantaneous magnitudes at different cross-sectional locations of the grounding electrode, resulting in ionization discharges of different energy levels at different locations, significantly enriching the types and quantities of ionized particles generated. Simultaneously, the interweaving of the carbon fiber filaments creates several micro-regions for the generation and residence of ionized particles, allowing these particles to slowly diffuse outwards along the surface of the grounding electrode. Therefore, compared to a single-piece grounding electrode, this structural approach significantly improves the ionization treatment effect of exhaust gas from multiple angles.

[0032] Furthermore, in the plasma discharge electrode, the two grounding electrodes are wound in a staggered manner, either sequentially or with the same grounding electrode always kept below the staggered position.

[0033] The first winding method involves the first grounding electrode pressing down on the second grounding electrode at the first contact point, and the second grounding electrode pressing down on the first grounding electrode at the second contact point. This method improves the contact performance between the grounding electrode and the insulation layer, minimizing the risk of gaps that could cause filamentary discharge and burn out the electrodes, thus offering higher safety. The second method, which always keeps one grounding electrode at the bottom, is more convenient for manufacturing.

[0034] Furthermore, in the plasma discharge electrode, two high-temperature resistant insulating wires are wound in opposite directions around the two grounded electrodes.

[0035] This is because when two grounding electrodes are interlaced and wound, pressure is applied at the intersection points, causing an outward expansion force to be generated on the portion of each grounding electrode between two adjacent intersection points. Although this force is very small, because the grounding electrodes are made of multiple woven carbon fiber filaments and are exposed to a very harsh high-temperature ionization environment for a long time, this force can cause the grounding electrodes to bulge in the middle between two adjacent intersection points. This can lead to gaps on the inner surface due to poor contact, and breakage of carbon fiber filaments on the outer surface. The gaps on the inner surface can cause filamentous electric discharge and burn out the electrode; the broken carbon fiber filaments on the outer surface can protrude outwards, forming burrs, which reduces the glow discharge effect. Therefore, by winding two high-temperature resistant insulating wires in the opposite direction, these wires can pass through and press down on the middle portion of the grounding electrode between two adjacent intersection points, thereby counteracting the outward tension at this point, preventing gaps on the inner surface of the grounding electrode, and better preventing burrs on the outer surface, thus avoiding the formation of tip discharge. Furthermore, by adding two more reverse-winding high-temperature resistant insulating wires, the high-temperature resistant insulating wires and the grounding electrode can together form a closed grid-like convex area on the surface of the high-voltage electrode. This closed grid-like area forms reaction pools, which facilitate the residence and contact reaction of ionized particles and harmful gases, thus completing the treatment. Therefore, this improved structure can ensure the glow discharge effect of the electrode, greatly improve its ionization treatment effect, and also better extend its service life. Further, the high-temperature resistant insulating wire is a nylon wire.

[0036] It has advantages such as good insulation effect and low cost.

[0037] In summary, the above-mentioned scheme also discloses a plasma discharge electrode structure capable of producing a glow discharge effect, namely, two grounding electrodes are wound around a high-voltage electrode encased in insulating material, forming an interlaced double-helix winding arrangement. Furthermore, the aforementioned schemes for further optimizing and improving the electrode structure, along with their advantages and effects, also apply to a single plasma discharge electrode.

[0038] In practice, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared using the following method: First, a high-voltage electrode already wrapped with insulating material is obtained, and a grounding electrode composed of multiple carbon fiber filaments is obtained. Then, during winding, one end of the grounding electrode is pulled obliquely to the surface of the high-voltage electrode end and bonded and fixed. The high-voltage electrode is pulled axially while maintaining relative rotation between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode. The grounding electrode is spirally wound to the other end of the high-voltage electrode and then bonded and fixed to the surface of the high-voltage electrode end. Then, the second grounding electrode to be wound is fixed with the high-voltage electrode end surface as the starting point. The high-voltage electrode is pushed or pulled in the opposite direction to move and reset along the axial direction at the same speed and maintain relative rotation with the grounding electrode in the same direction, so that the second grounding electrode is wound onto the high-voltage electrode and forms an intersecting arrangement with the first grounding electrode. After the second grounding electrode is wound back to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode, it is cut off and bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode side surface.

[0039] In this way, simply moving the high-voltage electrode back and forth along the axial direction once while maintaining the same rotation allows for the cross-winding of the two grounding electrodes, which is very convenient, quick, efficient, and reliable. The same method can then be used to wind two high-temperature resistant insulated wires.

[0040] In practice, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared using the following electrode winding equipment. The electrode winding equipment includes a base, with a fixed bracket vertically arranged on each of the left and right sides of the base. A sliding sleeve for the high-voltage electrode to pass through is fixedly arranged at the middle of the upper part of each fixed bracket. A rotating frame with an overall rectangular frame structure is rotatably mounted on the outside of the two sliding sleeves by means of bearings. The inner ends of the two sliding sleeves are installed and pass through the inner surface of the rotating frame at the middle position. The rotating frame also has a pulley steering mechanism on the side that is offset from the position of the sliding sleeves. A wire roller mounting mechanism is also provided at the end of the rotating frame.

[0041] In this way, when the electrode winding equipment is in use, the high-voltage electrode (already wrapped with insulating material) passes through the two sliding sleeves, and the grounding electrode or high-temperature resistant insulating wire is installed on the wire roller mounting mechanism in the form of a wire roller. Then, the grounding electrode or high-temperature resistant insulating wire to be wound is led out from the wire roller, passes around the pulley steering mechanism, and is then bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode inside the rotating frame. Then, simply pull the high-voltage electrode. Due to the misalignment of the pulley steering mechanism and the sliding sleeves, the rotating frame can be driven to rotate under the action of the reverse force, thereby completing the winding.

[0042] Furthermore, a driven gear coaxial with the slide is fixed on the rotating frame, and the driven gear is connected to the drive motor fixed on the rotating frame through a gear mechanism.

[0043] In this way, when the rotating frame is too heavy to rotate by reaction force, it can be driven by a motor to rotate, so as to facilitate the winding process.

[0044] Furthermore, a pulley steering mechanism is installed at the front and rear positions on both sides of the rotating frame. This allows for the simultaneous arrangement and sequential winding of two grounding electrodes and two high-temperature resistant insulated wires. Furthermore, each end of the rotating frame is equipped with a wire roller mounting mechanism capable of mounting two wire rollers. This facilitates the simultaneous arrangement of four wire rollers for the two grounding electrodes and two high-temperature resistant insulated wires.

[0045] Furthermore, the pulley steering mechanism includes a horizontally arranged pulley positioning bolt, the head of which is vertically slidably engaged in a dovetail groove vertically arranged inside the rotating frame. A self-locking nut is screwed onto the pulley positioning bolt to fix it in place. A steering pulley is also movably fitted onto the pulley positioning bolt.

[0046] In this way, the vertical position of the adjusting pulley can be changed, thereby adjusting the winding angle.

[0047] Furthermore, a pulley positioning nut is screwed onto each of the pulley positioning bolts on both sides of the steering pulley.

[0048] In this way, the position of the steering pulley on the pulley positioning bolt can be adjusted as needed, relying on the two pulley positioning bolts.

[0049] Furthermore, a position adjustment helical spring is also connected between one side of the steering pulley and the corresponding pulley positioning nut.

[0050] In this way, during the winding process of the grounding electrode through the steering pulley, an initial force can be applied to the helical spring. This force drives the steering pulley to move back and forth on the bolt during the winding process, thereby repeatedly changing the tension angle and tension force of the steering pulley. Furthermore, as the helical spring repeatedly expands and contracts, the resistance it encounters gradually decreases until the steering pulley gradually stops moving. Therefore, the tension force applied at each moment during the winding process can be of a different magnitude. This results in varying degrees of compression of the grounding electrode at different locations on the high-voltage electrode, leading to diverse ionization effects at different points on the grounding electrode. This generates a wider variety of ionized particles, improving the ionization treatment effect of the exhaust gas. Especially considering the structural feature of the grounding electrode itself, which is composed of multiple woven carbon fiber filaments, the different deformation patterns of the individual carbon fiber filaments under varying pressure when the pressure changes, resulting in an even wider variety of ionized particles, significantly improving the exhaust gas treatment effect.

[0051] In summary, this invention has the advantages of good ionization effect, high exhaust gas treatment efficiency, and long service life, and is especially suitable for ship exhaust gas treatment applications. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ship exhaust gas treatment device based on plasma ionization during the implementation of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left view.

[0054] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single plasma discharge electrode in the device.

[0055] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the end face of the individual grounding electrode in the equipment.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode winding equipment.

[0057] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single pulley steering mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Optimal implementation method: A method for treating ship exhaust gas, which uses ionization discharge to degrade harmful components in ship exhaust gas by relying on plasma ionization particles generated by ionization discharge. The improvement is that the ionization discharge is generated between the surface of a high-voltage electrode wrapped with insulating material and a grounded electrode wrapped around it, and the ionization discharge has a glow discharge effect.

[0060] Conventional exhaust gas treatment methods typically use plasma in the form of arc discharge or corona discharge, resulting in plasmas with low energy levels and activity. In this application, an ionization discharge phenomenon is generated between a high-voltage electrode coated with insulating material and a wound grounding electrode. This generates ionized plasma with glow discharge effects, possessing higher energy levels and activity, thus better meeting the treatment requirements of ship exhaust gas and improving treatment effectiveness and efficiency.

[0061] Among them, two grounding electrodes are interlaced on the surface of the high-voltage electrode.

[0062] This allows for a better increase in the energy level of ionized plasma, a richer variety of energy level types for ionized particles, and a significant improvement in processing efficiency.

[0063] Specifically, this method relies on integrating a plasma ionization-based ship exhaust gas treatment device into the ship's exhaust gas passage. This device, such as... Figures 1 to 4As shown, the device includes a housing 1, with one end being an air inlet and the other end being an air outlet. An air passage is formed in the middle of the housing 1, and a plasma discharge electrode is disposed within the air passage. The plasma discharge electrode includes a high-voltage electrode 2, which is cylindrical in shape and located in the middle. The high-voltage electrode 2 is wrapped with an insulating material 3, and a grounding electrode 4 is spirally wound around the insulating material 3. The plasma discharge electrode is arranged in layers along the cross-section of the air passage and is arranged in multiple layers at intervals along the air passage direction. Each layer of plasma discharge electrode includes multiple electrodes arranged in parallel at intervals.

[0064] When the above-mentioned device is in use, the air inlet and outlet of the casing are connected to the exhaust gas channel of the (ship) to be treated. All high-voltage electrodes and grounding electrodes are connected by leads to the high-voltage and grounding terminals of the power supply (in practice, a high-frequency high-voltage AC power supply with a standard sine wave output waveform is used to ensure stable operation when powering the electrodes). Specifically, a plasma AC power supply system with a high-frequency high-voltage output circuit can be used for control (the specific structure of the control part is conventional existing technology and will not be detailed here). After the device is powered on and reaches the discharge voltage, a discharge circuit is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode of the plasma discharge electrode. Based on the principles of dielectric barrier discharge and surface discharge, a low-temperature plasma with a glow discharge effect (i.e., a uniformly diffused pale blue discharge with a milliampere-level discharge current, a small number of current pulses, and a uniform, stable discharge without filaments) can be generated at the electrode contact interface, achieving ionization and purification of the exhaust gas. This device employs multiple layers of electrodes spaced apart along the exhaust gas flow direction. Each layer of electrodes has multiple electrodes arranged parallel to each other along the cross-section of the exhaust channel. This greatly increases the number of ionization regions in the three-dimensional space of the exhaust channel, enabling three-dimensional ionization purification of the intake gas and significantly improving the exhaust gas treatment effect. It is especially suitable for the treatment needs of large volumes of ship exhaust gas.

[0065] During implementation, the specific number of layers can be selected according to actual needs. The interval between two adjacent electrode layers can be 1 cm, and the interval between a single electrode in the same layer can be 5 mm.

[0066] In implementation, the shell 1 can be a cuboid structure, with specific dimensions selected according to the actual ship exhaust pipe. The left and right sides are channels, and the top, bottom, front, and rear sides can be made of stainless steel. Holes are drilled alternately on these four sides to install plasma generating electrodes. Then, the high-voltage and grounding terminals of all electrodes are led out and connected in parallel to the high-voltage and grounding terminals of a high-frequency high-voltage AC power supply to achieve control.

[0067] In this arrangement, each pair of adjacent plasma discharge electrodes is arranged in a staggered, 90-degree-off pattern.

[0068] In this way, by arranging adjacent layers of electrodes in an alternating manner, a three-dimensional grid-like ionization region can be better formed, thereby achieving better ionization purification of the passing airflow.

[0069] Among them, the plasma discharge electrodes of different layers but arranged in the same direction are staggered in the arrangement interval direction, so that there is no gap in the projection of all plasma discharge electrodes on the cross section along the exhaust gas flow direction.

[0070] In this way, the projections of all horizontal and vertical electrodes onto the cross-section of the air duct can 100% cover the entire duct cross-section. This arrangement ensures that all exhaust pollutants can fully contact the electrode surface, guaranteeing treatment effectiveness.

[0071] The high-voltage electrode 2 is a cylindrical structure made of copper. A diameter of 0.6 mm can be selected for implementation.

[0072] This method has the advantages of low cost, ease of installation, and good power generation effect. Of course, other metal materials with good electrical conductivity can also be used during implementation.

[0073] The insulating material 3 is made of ceramic or glass fiber. A thickness of 0.2 mm is optional and beneficial for surface discharge generation.

[0074] High-temperature resistant ceramic or glass fiber materials are excellent inorganic electret materials. Compared with organic electret materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene used in the patent described in the background art, they can better withstand the high temperature of 300-500℃ in ship exhaust gas, making them particularly suitable for the treatment of high-temperature ship exhaust gas. More importantly, their surface is rougher than that of smooth polytetrafluoroethylene, giving them a better ability to retain charge. After a single discharge, the charged particles generated during the previous discharge process can be stored in the shallow layer of the material surface under the action of the electric field, greatly improving the ionization treatment effect.

[0075] The grounding electrode 4 is made of carbon fiber. This material is inexpensive, easy to implement, has good conductivity, and can better control the generation of ionization discharge.

[0076] Among them, in the plasma discharge electrode, the grounding electrode 4 consists of two electrodes arranged in an interlaced double helix winding structure.

[0077] Thus, compared to the single-helix grounding electrode structure in the background patent, the double-helix arrangement of two grounding electrodes increases the ionization region on the high-voltage electrode surface and reduces the ionization dark area. More importantly, the two grounding electrodes are arranged in a cross configuration. At the intersection, the grounding electrode is pressed against the high-voltage electrode surface with a different degree of tightness than at other locations. Furthermore, the current flowing through this point is different due to the contact between the two grounding electrodes. The reduced resistance at the contact point causes a sudden increase in current, resulting in a different ionization discharge effect compared to other contact points on the high-voltage electrode surface. This can generate higher-energy ionized particles (or, from the perspective of electric field superposition, compared to the parallel spiral arrangement of grounding electrodes, the electric field superposition effect between different locations on the high-voltage electrode surface and the two grounding electrodes is different, leading to different ionization energy levels and thus generating a wider variety of ionized particles). This allows the entire surface of the high-voltage electrode to generate more ionized particles of different energy levels, greatly enriching the types and quantities of ionized particles produced. This enables it to better address the diverse and slightly different treatment needs arising from the numerous harmful components in (ship) exhaust gas. Consequently, it significantly improves the overall treatment effect of (ship) exhaust gas.

[0078] The grounding electrode 4 is composed of multiple carbon fiber filaments 6 woven together. Specifically, it can be a cluster of carbon fibers with a diameter of 0.2 mm, consisting of 1k carbon fiber filaments with a diameter of 7 μm.

[0079] In this way, the grounding electrode is constructed from multiple woven carbon fiber filaments, giving it a certain degree of elasticity and flexible deformation capability. Therefore, at the intersection of two grounding electrodes, the lower electrode can deform and be flattened, minimizing gaps between the upper electrode and the high-voltage electrode surface, thus preventing filamentary discharges that could burn out the electrode. Furthermore, the woven structure of the grounding electrode can be viewed as forming multiple interwoven, tiny carbon fiber filament electrodes. From a microscopic perspective, this allows for the generation of localized currents of varying instantaneous magnitudes at different cross-sectional locations of the grounding electrode, resulting in ionization discharges of different energy levels at different locations, significantly enriching the types and quantities of ionized particles generated. Simultaneously, the interweaving of the carbon fiber filaments creates several micro-regions for the generation and residence of ionized particles, allowing these particles to slowly diffuse outwards along the surface of the grounding electrode. Therefore, compared to a single-piece grounding electrode, this structural approach significantly improves the ionization treatment effect of exhaust gas from multiple angles.

[0080] In the plasma discharge electrode, the two grounding electrodes 4 are wound in a staggered manner, either by alternating vertical and horizontal arrangements or by keeping the same grounding electrode below the staggered position.

[0081] The first winding method involves the first grounding electrode pressing down on the second grounding electrode at the first contact point, and the second grounding electrode pressing down on the first grounding electrode at the second contact point. This method improves the contact performance between the grounding electrode and the insulation layer, minimizing the risk of gaps that could cause filamentary discharge and burn out the electrodes, thus offering higher safety. The second method, which always keeps one grounding electrode at the bottom, is more convenient for manufacturing.

[0082] Among them, in the plasma discharge electrode, two high-temperature resistant insulating wires 5 are wound in opposite directions around the two grounded electrodes.

[0083] This is because when two grounding electrodes are interlaced and wound, pressure is applied at the intersection points, causing an outward expansion force to be generated on the portion of each grounding electrode between two adjacent intersection points. Although this force is very small, because the grounding electrodes are made of multiple woven carbon fiber filaments and are exposed to a very harsh high-temperature ionization environment for a long time, this force can cause the grounding electrodes to bulge in the middle between two adjacent intersection points. This can lead to gaps on the inner surface due to poor contact, and breakage of carbon fiber filaments on the outer surface. The gaps on the inner surface can cause filamentous electric discharge and burn out the electrode; the broken carbon fiber filaments on the outer surface can protrude outwards, forming burrs, which reduces the glow discharge effect. Therefore, by winding two high-temperature resistant insulating wires in the opposite direction, these wires can pass through and press down on the middle portion of the grounding electrode between two adjacent intersection points, thereby counteracting the outward tension at this point, preventing gaps on the inner surface of the grounding electrode, and better preventing burrs on the outer surface, thus avoiding the formation of tip discharge. Furthermore, by adding two more reverse-winding high-temperature resistant insulating wires, the high-temperature resistant insulating wires and the grounding electrode together form a closed grid-like convex area on the surface of the high-voltage electrode. This closed grid-like area forms reaction pools, which facilitate the residence and contact reaction of ionized particles and harmful gases, thus completing the treatment. Therefore, this improved structure can ensure the glow discharge effect of the electrode, greatly improve its ionization treatment effect, and also better extend its service life. In implementation, the two high-temperature resistant insulating wires can be set 180° away from the two grounding electrodes so that they pass through and press against the grounding electrodes at the center position between two adjacent intersection points, improving the above-mentioned effect. The high temperature resistance refers to the ability to withstand the high temperature of exhaust gas of 300-400 degrees Celsius.

[0084] The high-temperature resistant insulated wire 5 is a nylon wire. A diameter of 0.1 mm can be selected for implementation.

[0085] It has advantages such as good insulation effect and low cost.

[0086] In summary, the above-mentioned scheme also discloses a plasma discharge electrode structure capable of producing a glow discharge effect, namely, two grounding electrodes are wound around a high-voltage electrode encased in insulating material, forming an interlaced double-helix winding arrangement. Furthermore, the aforementioned schemes for further optimizing and improving the electrode structure, along with their advantages and effects, also apply to a single plasma discharge electrode.

[0087] In practice, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be prepared using the following method: First, a high-voltage electrode already wrapped with insulating material is obtained, and a grounding electrode composed of multiple carbon fiber filaments is obtained. Then, during winding, one end of the grounding electrode is pulled obliquely to the surface of the high-voltage electrode end and bonded and fixed. The high-voltage electrode is pulled axially while maintaining relative rotation between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode. The grounding electrode is spirally wound to the other end of the high-voltage electrode and then bonded and fixed to the surface of the high-voltage electrode end. Then, the second grounding electrode to be wound is fixed with the high-voltage electrode end surface as the starting point. The high-voltage electrode is pushed or pulled in the opposite direction to move and reset along the axial direction at the same speed and maintain relative rotation with the grounding electrode in the same direction, so that the second grounding electrode is wound onto the high-voltage electrode and forms an intersecting arrangement with the first grounding electrode. After the second grounding electrode is wound back to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode, it is cut off and bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode side surface.

[0088] In this way, simply moving the high-voltage electrode back and forth along the axial direction once while maintaining the same rotation allows for the cross-winding of the two grounding electrodes, which is very convenient, quick, efficient, and reliable. The same method can then be used to wind two high-temperature resistant insulated wires.

[0089] In implementation, the plasma discharge electrode structure can be adopted as follows: Figure 5-6 The electrode winding device shown includes a base 7, with a fixed bracket 8 vertically arranged on each of the left and right sides of the base 7. A sliding sleeve 9 for a high-voltage electrode to pass through is fixedly arranged at the middle of the upper part of each fixed bracket 8. A rotating frame 10 with an overall rectangular frame structure is rotatably mounted on the outside of the two sliding sleeves 9 by means of bearings. The inner ends of the two sliding sleeves 9 are installed and pass through the inner surface of the middle position of the rotating frame. The side of the rotating frame also has a pulley steering mechanism 11 that is offset from the position of the sliding sleeves. A wire roller mounting mechanism 12 is also provided at the end of the rotating frame.

[0090] In this way, when the electrode winding equipment is in use, the high-voltage electrode (already wrapped with insulating material) passes through the two sliding sleeves, and the grounding electrode or high-temperature resistant insulating wire is installed on the wire roller mounting mechanism in the form of a wire roller. Then, the grounding electrode or high-temperature resistant insulating wire to be wound is led out from the wire roller, passes around the pulley steering mechanism, and is then bonded and fixed to the starting end of the high-voltage electrode inside the rotating frame. Then, simply pull the high-voltage electrode. Due to the misalignment of the pulley steering mechanism and the sliding sleeves, the rotating frame can be driven to rotate under the action of the reverse force, thereby completing the winding.

[0091] The rotating frame 10 also has a driven gear coaxial with the slide cylinder, which is connected to a drive motor fixed on the rotating frame via a gear mechanism. (Not shown in the figure.)

[0092] In this way, when the rotating frame is too heavy to rotate by reaction force, it can be driven by a motor to rotate, so as to facilitate the winding process.

[0093] The rotating frame has a pulley steering mechanism 11 at the front and rear positions on both sides. This allows for the simultaneous arrangement and sequential winding of two grounding electrodes and two high-temperature insulated wires. Each end of the rotating frame has a wire roller mounting mechanism 12 capable of mounting two wire rollers. This facilitates the simultaneous arrangement of four wire rollers for the two grounding electrodes and two high-temperature insulated wires.

[0094] The pulley steering mechanism 11 includes a horizontally arranged pulley positioning bolt 13. The head of the pulley positioning bolt 13 is vertically slidably engaged in a dovetail groove vertically arranged inside the rotating frame. A self-locking nut 14 is screwed onto the pulley positioning bolt to fix it. A steering pulley 15 is also movably sleeved on the pulley positioning bolt.

[0095] In this way, the vertical position of the adjusting pulley can be changed, thereby adjusting the winding angle.

[0096] Among them, a pulley positioning nut 16 is screwed onto the pulley positioning bolts 13 on both sides of the steering pulley 15.

[0097] In this way, the position of the steering pulley on the pulley positioning bolt can be adjusted as needed, relying on the two pulley positioning bolts.

[0098] A position adjustment helical spring 17 is also connected between one side of the steering pulley and the corresponding pulley positioning nut.

[0099] In this way, during the winding process of the grounding electrode through the steering pulley, an initial force can be applied to the helical spring. This force drives the steering pulley to move back and forth on the bolt during the winding process, thereby repeatedly changing the tension angle and tension force of the steering pulley. Furthermore, as the helical spring repeatedly expands and contracts, the resistance it encounters gradually decreases until the steering pulley gradually stops moving. Therefore, the tension force applied at each moment during the winding process can be of a different magnitude. This results in varying degrees of compression of the grounding electrode at different locations on the high-voltage electrode, leading to diverse ionization effects at different points on the grounding electrode. This generates a wider variety of ionized particles, improving the ionization treatment effect of the exhaust gas. Especially considering the structural feature of the grounding electrode itself, which is composed of multiple woven carbon fiber filaments, the different deformation patterns of the individual carbon fiber filaments under varying pressure when the pressure changes, resulting in an even wider variety of ionized particles, significantly improving the exhaust gas treatment effect.

[0100] In summary, the device of the present invention can be placed inside the exhaust gas duct of a ship and directly treats the generated high-temperature gas through a hierarchical mesh electrode structure, which can effectively improve the pollutant treatment efficiency. Moreover, the device is simple, occupies a small area, has low energy consumption, is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and significantly reduces operating costs.

Claims

1. An electrode winding device, comprising a base, characterized in that, A fixed bracket is vertically mounted on each of the left and right sides of the base. A sliding sleeve for the high voltage electrode to pass through is fixedly mounted in the middle of the upper part of each fixed bracket. A rotating frame with an overall rectangular frame structure is rotatably mounted on the outside of the two sliding sleeves by means of bearings. The inner ends of the two sliding sleeves are mounted on and pass through the inner surface of the rotating frame in the middle position. The rotating frame also has a pulley steering mechanism on the side that is offset from the position of the sliding sleeves. A wire roller mounting mechanism is also provided at the end of the rotating frame. The pulley steering mechanism includes a horizontally arranged pulley positioning bolt. The head of the pulley positioning bolt is vertically slidably engaged in a dovetail groove vertically arranged inside the rotating frame. A self-locking nut is screwed onto the pulley positioning bolt to fix the pulley positioning bolt. A steering pulley is also movably sleeved on the pulley positioning bolt. Each of the pulley positioning bolts on both sides of the steering pulley is also screwed with a pulley positioning nut; A position-adjusting helical spring is also connected between one side of the steering pulley and the corresponding pulley positioning nut. This allows an initial force to be applied to the helical spring during the winding process of the grounding electrode through the steering pulley. This force enables the steering pulley to move back and forth on the bolt during the winding process, thereby repeatedly changing the tension angle and tension force of the steering pulley. This ensures that the tension force applied at each moment during the winding process is different, resulting in different degrees of compression of the grounding electrode at each position on the high-voltage electrode.

2. The electrode winding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A driven gear coaxial with the slide is also fixed on the rotating frame. The driven gear is connected to the drive motor fixed on the rotating frame through a gear mechanism.

3. The electrode winding device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A pulley steering mechanism is installed at the front and rear positions on both sides of the rotating frame.

4. The electrode winding device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Each end of the rotating frame is equipped with a roller mounting mechanism capable of mounting two rollers.

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