A landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in tunnels

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel technology, and in particular, is a device for preventing landslides using a three-step excavation method in a tunnel, comprising a support frame group, wherein the support frame group is composed of a first support frame, a plurality of second support frames, a third support frame, and a fourth support frame, and further comprising a driving trolley, a fixing device, a supporting device, a telescopic device, an adjusting device, and a moving trolley. The device for preventing landslides using a three-step excavation method in a tunnel can fix the support frame group by providing a fixing device, thereby increasing the supporting force of the support frame group, and can automatically fix and release the fixation, facilitating position adjustment of the support frame group. By deflecting a triangular plate, the spiral drill pipe can be fixed, thereby increasing the stability of the support frame group and thus increasing the supporting effect on the tunnel, thereby solving the technical problem that in existing tunnels constructed using a three-step excavation method, the variable excavation side support reduces the supporting force of the support, and is prone to causing tunnel collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnels, in particular to a landslide prevention device used in a three-step excavation method in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground, a form of human use of underground space. Tunnels can be divided into traffic tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, municipal tunnels, and mining tunnels.

[0003] During the tunnel construction process, the three-step seven-step excavation method is adopted for excavation work. The three-step excavation method is based on the arc-shaped pilot pit excavation and retention of core soil as the basic mode. It is divided into three steps and seven excavation surfaces: upper, middle and lower. The excavation and support of each part are staggered and advanced in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The tunnel construction method requires excavation and support at the same time. When the support is not completely solidified, it cannot fully play a supporting role. At the same time, the work of the excavator will affect the support in the tunnel. The splicing between the supports reduces the supporting force, which can easily cause tunnel collapse and affect the work safety of the construction personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the technical problem that the existing tunnel is constructed using the three-step excavation method, the variable excavation side support reduces the support force of the support, which is easy to cause tunnel collapse and affect the work safety of construction workers, the present invention proposes an anti-collapse equipment for the three-step excavation method in the tunnel.

[0005] The present invention proposes a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel, comprising a support frame assembly, the support frame assembly comprising a first support frame, a plurality of second support frames, a third support frame, and a fourth support frame, and further comprising a driving trolley, a fixing device, a supporting device, a telescopic device, an adjusting device, and a moving trolley;

[0006] The driving trolley is fixedly mounted on both ends of the first support frame of the support frame group, and the driving trolley drives the support frame group to automatically move;

[0007] A fixing device, the fixing device is located on the outer surface of the support frame group and fixes the support frame group, the fixing device includes a locking mechanism and a fixing mechanism, the locking mechanism includes a triangular plate and a connecting rod for fixing, the locking mechanism is located inside the driving trolley, the deflection of the connecting rod drives the triangular plate to deflect and then fixes the driving trolley, and the fixing mechanism fixes the second support frame of the support frame group;

[0008] A support device, comprising a support plate and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the support device being located on the outer surface of the support frame assembly, the support plate supporting the inner wall of the tunnel through adjustment of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder;

[0009] A telescopic device, comprising a scissor frame component for telescoping, the telescopic device being located on the outer surface of the support frame group, and the support frame group being telescoping through the scissor frame component;

[0010] An adjusting device is located on the outer surface of the support frame assembly and adjusts the position of the moving vehicle.

[0011] Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder, the outer surface of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted to the outer surface of the shell of the driving trolley, a push plate is fixedly mounted on one end of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the push plate is located inside the shell of the driving trolley, an electromagnet is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the push plate through a connecting rod, a connecting plate is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the shell of the driving trolley, the connecting rod of the push plate is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate, and the outer surface of the electromagnet is magnetically connected to the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate;

[0012] Through the above technical solution, after the electromagnet is energized and magnetically attracted to the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate, the connecting plate can be driven to rise and fall. After the electromagnet is powered off, the pushing plate can continue to move downward without pushing the connecting plate.

[0013] Preferably, a locking motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting plate, one end of the output shaft of the locking motor passes through the lower surface of the connecting plate and is fixedly mounted with a driving gear, a driven gear is mounted on the lower surface of the connecting plate via a bearing, and the outer surface of the driving gear is meshed with the outer surface of the driven gear;

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the locking motor drives the driving gear to rotate, thereby driving the driven gear to rotate, driving the triangular plate to rotate, and being able to drill into the ground to achieve the fixation of the driving trolley.

[0015] Preferably, an auger tube is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the driven gear, a drill shell is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the auger tube, the inner wall of the drill shell is hinged to one end of the triangular plate, the outer surface of the triangular plate is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the groove of the drill shell, one end of the triangular plate is hinged to one end of the connecting rod through a pin shaft, a push rod is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the auger tube, one end of the push rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod through a pin shaft, one end of the push rod is fixedly mounted with a spring, the other end of the spring is fixedly mounted to the inner wall of the drill shell, and the other end of the push rod passes through the upper surface of the connecting plate;

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the ground of the tunnel can be quickly broken through the rotation of the spiral drill pipe and the drill shell, and the spiral drill pipe is screwed into the ground. The push plate presses the push rod, and the push rod can deflect the triangular plate outward through the connecting rod, thereby fixing the spiral drill pipe in the ground, making the driving trolley more fixed, facilitating the support work of the tunnel and increasing the supporting force.

[0017] Preferably, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixed hydraulic cylinder, one end of each of the fixed hydraulic cylinders is fixedly mounted on both ends of the second support frame of the support frame group, and one end of the piston rod of the fixed hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted with a fixing pin via a support plate;

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the fixing pin is pushed into the ground of the tunnel by the fixed hydraulic cylinder, thereby fixing the second support frame and facilitating the removal of the fixing pin.

[0019] Preferably, the outer surface of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted to the outer surface of the support frame assembly, and the outer surface of the support plate is fixedly mounted to one end of the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder;

[0020] Through the above technical solution, the support plate is pushed to move by the telescopic hydraulic cylinder, so that it can contact the inner top wall of the tunnel and play a supporting role on the inner top wall of the tunnel.

[0021] Preferably, a deflection hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the outer surfaces of both sides of the support frame group, one end of the piston rod of the deflection hydraulic cylinder is hinged to an oblique support through a pin shaft, a compression spring is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the oblique support, the other end of the compression spring is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the support frame group, and an inflatable airbag is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group;

[0022] Through the above technical solution, the diagonal brace is pushed by the deflection hydraulic cylinder so that the diagonal brace can fit with the inner wall of the tunnel. The deflection of the diagonal brace can increase the fitting area. The compression spring can facilitate the support of the diagonal brace to generate a certain supporting force. After the inflatable airbag is inflated, the gap between the support frame groups can be filled, thereby supporting the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0023] Preferably, the scissors frame component is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group, and a telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group;

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the scissors frame components respectively connect the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame, so that the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame in the support frame group can be telescopic, and the telescopic rod supports the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame without affecting the telescopic movement of the support frame group.

[0025] Preferably, the adjustment device includes a limiting groove body, the outer surface of the limiting groove body is fixedly mounted on the lower surfaces of the third support frame and the fourth support frame of the support frame group, an annular rack is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the limiting groove body, and the lower surface of the annular rack is hinged to the upper surface of the mobile trolley through a pin shaft;

[0026] Through the above technical solution, the support frame group can be driven to move by moving the mobile trolley on the three steps of the tunnel.

[0027] Preferably, an adjusting motor is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the limiting groove body, and an adjusting gear set is fixedly mounted after one end of the output shaft of the adjusting motor passes through the inner wall of the limiting groove body, and the outer surface of the adjusting gear set is meshed with the outer surface of the annular rack;

[0028] Through the above technical solution, by adjusting the rotation of the gear set to drive the annular rack to rotate, corresponding adjustments can be made according to the height of the three steps of the tunnel to achieve support for the inner top wall of the tunnel.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] 1. By setting up a fixing device, the support frame group can be fixed, the supporting force of the support frame group can be increased, and the fixing and release can be automatically performed, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the support frame group. The position can be adjusted accordingly according to the construction progress. The spiral drill pipe can be fixed by the deflection of the triangle plate, which increases the stability of the support frame group, thereby increasing the supporting effect on the tunnel, and solves the technical problem that the existing tunnel adopts the three-step excavation method for construction, the variable excavation side support reduces the supporting force of the support, and is easy to cause tunnel collapse, affecting the work safety of construction personnel.

[0031] 2. By setting up a supporting device, it can support the tunnel. By adjusting the support plate and the diagonal support, the area of contact with the tunnel can be increased, and the supporting effect can be increased. The inflation of the inflatable airbag can fill the gap between the support frame groups, support the tunnel, increase the supporting force, prevent the collapse of the tunnel, and play a buffering role. It solves the technical problem that the existing tunnel adopts the three-step excavation method for construction, the changing excavation side support reduces the supporting force of the support, easily causes the collapse of the tunnel, and affects the work safety of the construction personnel.

[0032] 3. By setting an adjustment device, the height of the mobile trolley can be automatically adjusted according to the three-step excavation method, so that the mobile trolley can contact the ground of the three steps, drive the movement of the support frame group, and at the same time support the inner wall of the tunnel. At the same time, the mobile trolley contacts the ground, which can facilitate the movement and storage of the support frame group, without the need for manual handling, reducing labor input. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A perspective view of a driving trolley structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the lifting hydraulic cylinder structure of a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A perspective view of a push plate structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A perspective view of a connecting plate structure for a landslide prevention device using a three-step excavation method in a tunnel, as proposed by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 A perspective view of a driving gear structure of a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 A perspective view of a push rod structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a triangular plate structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 A three-dimensional diagram of a fixing pin structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 A perspective view of a support plate structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 A perspective view of a diagonal bracing structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 A perspective view of a telescopic rod structure for a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 13 A perspective view of the structure of an adjusting motor for a landslide prevention device using a three-step excavation method in a tunnel, as proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 14This is a three-dimensional diagram of the annular rack structure of a landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel proposed by the present invention.

[0047] In the figure: 1. Support frame assembly; 11. Driving trolley; 12. Moving trolley; 2. Lifting hydraulic cylinder; 21. Push plate; 22. Electromagnet; 23. Connecting plate; 24. Locking motor; 25. Driving gear; 26. Driven gear; 3. Auger tube; 31. Drill shell; 32. Triangular plate; 33. Connecting rod; 34. Push rod; 35. Spring; 4. Fixed hydraulic cylinder; 41. Fixed pin; 5. Telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 51. Support plate; 52. Deflection hydraulic cylinder; 53. Diagonal support; 54. Compression spring; 55. Inflatable airbag; 6. Scissor frame component; 61. Telescopic rod; 7. Limiting slot; 71. Ring rack; 72. Adjusting motor; 73. Adjusting gear assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0049] Reference Figure 1-14 A landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel includes a support frame group 1, which is composed of a first support frame, multiple second support frames, a third support frame and a fourth support frame, and also includes a driving trolley 11, a fixing device, a supporting device, a telescopic device, an adjusting device and a moving trolley 12.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the driving trolley 11 is fixedly mounted on both ends of the first support frame of the support frame group 1, and the driving trolley 11 drives the support frame group 1 to perform automatic movement.

[0051] like Figure 3-9 As shown, the fixing device is located on the outer surface of the support frame group 1 and fixes the support frame group 1. The fixing device includes a locking mechanism and a fixing mechanism. The locking mechanism includes a triangular plate 32 and a connecting rod 33 for fixing. The locking mechanism is located inside the driving trolley 11. The deflection of the connecting rod 33 drives the triangular plate 32 to deflect and then fixes the driving trolley 11. The fixing mechanism fixes the second support frame of the support frame group 1.

[0052] The locking mechanism is installed in the internal position of the driving trolley 11. In order to fix the driving trolley 11, the locking mechanism also includes a lifting hydraulic cylinder 2. The outer surface of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixedly installed with the outer surface of the outer shell of the driving trolley 11. In order to push the triangular plate 32 to move downward, a pushing plate 21 is fixedly installed on one end of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 2. The pushing plate 21 is located inside the outer shell of the driving trolley 11. In order to drive the movement of the triangular plate 32, a connecting plate 23 is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the driving trolley 11. In order to push the movement of the connecting plate 23, an electromagnet 22 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the pushing plate 21 through a connecting rod, and then the connecting rod of the pushing plate 21 is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate 23. The outer surface of the electromagnet 22 is magnetically connected to the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate 23, driving the connecting plate 23 to rise and fall.

[0053] In order to drive the triangular plate 32 to rotate, a locking motor 24 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate 23, and then one end of the output shaft of the locking motor 24 passes through the lower surface of the connecting plate 23 and is fixedly installed with a driving gear 25. In order to drive multiple triangular plates 32 to rotate synchronously, a driven gear 26 is installed on the lower surface of the connecting plate 23 through a bearing, and then the outer surface of the driving gear 25 engages with the outer surface of the driven gear 26.

[0054] In order to facilitate the fixation of the driving trolley 11, an auger tube 3 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the driven gear 26. The spiral blades on the outer surface of the auger tube 3 are convenient for screwing into the tunnel ground. In order to facilitate breaking the soil, a drill shell 31 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the auger tube 3. In order to facilitate the deflection of the triangular plate 32, the inner wall of the drill shell 31 is hinged to one end of the triangular plate 32. The outer surface of the triangular plate 32 is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the groove of the drill shell 31. In order to promote the deflection of the triangular plate 32, one end of the triangular plate 32 is hinged to the connecting rod 33. One end of the push rod 34 is hinged by a pin. In order to promote the deflection of the connecting rod 33, a push rod 34 is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the spiral drill tube 3. One end of the push rod 34 is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 33 through a pin. In order to facilitate the reset of the push rod 34, a spring 35 is fixedly installed at one end of the push rod 34, and the other end of the spring 35 is fixedly installed to the inner wall of the drill shell 31. The other end of the push rod 34 passes through the upper surface of the connecting plate 23. The deflection of the triangular plate 32 is achieved by pushing the push plate 21 to push the movement of the push rod 34.

[0055] The fixing mechanism is installed at both ends of the support frame group 1. In order to perform automatic fixing work, a fixed hydraulic cylinder 4 is fixedly installed at both ends of the second support frame of the support frame group 1. In order to fix the second support frame, a fixing pin 41 is fixedly installed at one end of the piston rod of the fixed hydraulic cylinder 4 through a support plate.

[0056] like Figure 10-11As shown, the supporting device includes a supporting plate 51 and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 for supporting. The supporting device is located on the outer surface of the supporting frame group 1. The supporting plate 51 supports the inner wall of the tunnel through the adjustment of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5.

[0057] In order to perform the supporting work, the outer surface of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly mounted to the outer surface of the support frame assembly 1 , and the outer surface of the support plate 51 is fixedly mounted to one end of the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 .

[0058] In order to support the inner wall of the tunnel, a deflection hydraulic cylinder 52 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of both sides of the support frame group 1. One end of the piston rod of the deflection hydraulic cylinder 52 is hinged with a diagonal brace 53 through a pin shaft. In order to facilitate the deflection and resetting of the diagonal brace 53, a compression spring 54 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the diagonal brace 53. The other end of the compression spring 54 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the support frame group 1. In order to fill the gap between the support frame groups 1, an inflatable airbag 55 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the support frame group 1. The inflatable airbags 55 are connected by connecting pipes, and the inflatable airbags 55 are inflated by an air pump.

[0059] like Figure 12 As shown, the telescopic device includes a scissors frame component 6 for telescoping. The telescopic device is located on the outer surface of the support frame group 1, and the support frame group 1 performs telescoping work through the scissors frame component 6.

[0060] In order to facilitate the telescopic work between the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame of the support frame group 1, the scissors frame component 6 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the support frame group 1, and the scissors frame component 6 is sequentially installed between the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame. In order to support the support frame group 1, a telescopic rod 61 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the support frame group 1, and the telescopic rod 61 is sequentially installed between the first support frame, the second support frame, the third support frame and the fourth support frame.

[0061] like Figure 13-14 As shown, the adjusting device is located on the outer surface of the support frame group 1 and adjusts the position of the moving trolley 12.

[0062] The adjusting device is installed on the outer surface of the support frame group 1. In order to adjust the position of the mobile trolley 12, a limiting groove body 7 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the third support frame and the fourth support frame of the support frame group 1. In order to drive the movement of the mobile trolley 12, an annular rack 71 is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the limiting groove body 7, and the lower surface of the annular rack 71 is hinged to the upper surface of the mobile trolley 12 through a pin shaft.

[0063] In order to adjust the automatic movement of the annular rack 71, an adjusting motor 72 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the limiting groove body 7, and then an adjusting gear set 73 is fixedly installed after one end of the output shaft of the adjusting motor 72 passes through the inner wall of the limiting groove body 7, and the outer surface of the adjusting gear set 73 is engaged with the outer surface of the annular rack 71.

[0064] Working principle: When it is necessary to support the interior of the tunnel, the driving trolley 11 and the mobile trolley 12 are controlled to move, driving the support frame group 1 to move forward. After reaching the position where support is required, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 2 in the driving trolley 11 pushes the pushing plate 21 to move downward, and the electromagnet 22 on the pushing plate 21 is energized to adsorb the connecting plate 23 and drive the connecting plate 23 to move downward. At the same time, the locking motor 24 on the connecting plate 23 is started, driving the driving gear 25 to rotate, and the driving gear 25 drives the driven gear 26 to rotate, so that the auger tube 3 rotates, and the auger tube 3 and the drill shell 31 pass through the outer shell of the driving trolley 11 and then rotate into the ground inside the tunnel;

[0065] When the driving gear 25 contacts the inner bottom wall of the driving trolley 11, the locking motor 24 stops, and after the electromagnet 22 is powered off, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 2 pushes the push plate 21 to descend, and the push plate 21 presses the push rod 34 in the auger tube 3. The push rod 34 compresses the return spring 35 and pushes the connecting rod 33 at the same time. The connecting rod 33 pushes the triangular plate 32 to deflect outward, thereby fixing the auger tube 3;

[0066] The mobile trolley 12 continues to move, so that the support frame group 1 is stretched by the scissors frame component 6 and the telescopic rod 61. The staff holds the support frame group 1 and controls the adjustment motor 72 on the limit groove body 7 to start. The adjustment gear group 73 drives the annular rack 71 to move in the limit groove body 7, and lifts the mobile trolley 12, so that the mobile trolley 12 on the fourth support frame can be located on the highest step of the three-step tunnel excavation method, and the mobile trolley 12 on the third support frame can be located on the second step of the three steps;

[0067] After the position is determined, the fixed hydraulic cylinder 4 pushes the fixed pin 41 to be inserted into the ground of the tunnel to fix the support frame group 1, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 pushes the movement of the support plate 51 so that the support plate 51 can contact the inner wall of the tunnel to support the tunnel. At the same time, the deflection hydraulic cylinder 52 pushes the diagonal support 53 so that the diagonal support 53 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel. The tunnel squeezes the diagonal support 53 to deflect and compress the compression spring 54 to support the excavated tunnel. At the same time, the inflatable airbag 55 is inflated to support it. The tunnel can be excavated in three steps. After the excavation is completed, support is carried out. After the support is completed, the mobile trolley 12 and the drive trolley 11 drive the support frame group 1 to move forward to support the place where the support is completed to prevent the cement inside the support from drying and causing collapse during construction.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide prevention device for a three-step excavation method in a tunnel, comprising a support frame group (1), wherein the support frame group (1) is composed of a first support frame, a plurality of second support frames, a third support frame, and a fourth support frame, and is characterized in that: It also includes a driving trolley (11), a fixing device, a supporting device, a telescopic device, an adjusting device and a moving trolley (12); The driving trolley (11) is fixedly mounted on both ends of the first support frame of the support frame group (1), and the driving trolley (11) drives the support frame group (1) to automatically move; A fixing device, the fixing device is located on the outer surface of the support frame group (1) and fixes the support frame group (1), the fixing device includes a locking mechanism and a fixing mechanism, the locking mechanism includes a triangular plate (32) and a connecting rod (33) for fixing, the locking mechanism is located inside the driving trolley (11), the deflection of the connecting rod (33) drives the triangular plate (32) to deflect and then fixes the driving trolley (11), and the fixing mechanism fixes the second support frame of the support frame group (1); A supporting device, comprising a supporting plate (51) and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder (5), the supporting device being located on the outer surface of the supporting frame assembly (1), the supporting plate (51) supporting the inner wall of the tunnel through adjustment of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (5); A telescopic device, the telescopic device comprising a scissor frame component (6) for telescoping, the telescopic device being located on the outer surface of the support frame group (1), and the support frame group (1) performing telescoping work via the scissor frame component (6); An adjusting device, the adjusting device being located on the outer surface of the support frame assembly (1) and adjusting the position of the moving trolley (12); The adjusting device comprises a limiting groove body (7), the outer surface of the limiting groove body (7) is fixedly mounted on the lower surfaces of the third support frame and the fourth support frame of the support frame group (1), the inner wall of the limiting groove body (7) is slidably plugged with an annular rack (71), and the lower surface of the annular rack (71) is hinged to the upper surface of the moving trolley (12) through a pin shaft.

2. The anti-collapse device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism also includes a lifting hydraulic cylinder (2), the outer surface of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (2) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the outer shell of the driving trolley (11), a push plate (21) is fixedly mounted on one end of the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (2), the push plate (21) is located inside the outer shell of the driving trolley (11), an electromagnet (22) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the push plate (21) through a connecting rod, a connecting plate (23) is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate (23), and the outer surface of the electromagnet (22) is magnetically connected to the inner wall of the groove of the connecting plate (23).

3. The anti-collapse device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: A locking motor (24) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting plate (23); one end of the output shaft of the locking motor (24) passes through the lower surface of the connecting plate (23) and is fixedly mounted with a driving gear (25); a driven gear (26) is mounted on the lower surface of the connecting plate (23) via a bearing; the outer surface of the driving gear (25) is meshed with the outer surface of the driven gear (26).

4. The anti-collapse device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower surface of the driven gear (26) is fixedly mounted with a spiral drill tube (3), and the lower surface of the spiral drill tube (3) is fixedly mounted with a drill shell (31), the inner wall of the drill shell (31) is hinged to one end of the triangular plate (32), the outer surface of the triangular plate (32) is slidably plugged into the inner wall of the groove of the drill shell (31), one end of the triangular plate (32) is hinged to one end of the connecting rod (33) through a pin shaft, and the inner wall of the spiral drill tube (3) is slidably plugged with a push rod (34), one end of the push rod (34) is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod (33) through a pin shaft, one end of the push rod (34) is fixedly mounted with a spring (35), the other end of the spring (35) is fixedly mounted to the inner wall of the drill shell (31), and the other end of the push rod (34) passes through the upper surface of the connecting plate (23).

5. The landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism comprises a fixed hydraulic cylinder (4), one end of each of the fixed hydraulic cylinders (4) is fixedly mounted to both ends of the second support frame of the support frame group (1), and one end of the piston rod of the fixed hydraulic cylinder (4) is fixedly mounted with a fixing pin (41) via a support plate.

6. The landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (5) is fixedly mounted to the outer surface of the support frame group (1), and the outer surface of the support plate (51) is fixedly mounted to one end of the piston rod of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder (5).

7. The landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Deflection hydraulic cylinders (52) are fixedly mounted on the outer surfaces of both sides of the support frame group (1); one end of the piston rod of the deflection hydraulic cylinder (52) is hingedly connected to a diagonal brace (53) via a pin shaft; a compression spring (54) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the diagonal brace (53); the other end of the compression spring (54) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the support frame group (1); and an inflatable airbag (55) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group (1).

8. The landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scissor frame component (6) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group (1), and a telescopic rod (61) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the support frame group (1).

9. The landslide prevention device for three-step excavation method in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjusting motor (72) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the limiting groove body (7); an adjusting gear set (73) is fixedly mounted after one end of the output shaft of the adjusting motor (72) passes through the inner wall of the limiting groove body (7); and the outer surface of the adjusting gear set (73) is meshed with the outer surface of the annular rack (71).

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