Ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system and adjustment method

Abstract

The ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system disclosed in the present invention includes an air pipe, one end of which is connected to the interior of the building, and the other end of the air pipe is connected to an air bag placed in a vacuum insulation shell. An opening and closing electric valve is provided in the air pipe, and a door and window sensor linked to the opening and closing electric valve is provided in the interior of the building. Pressure sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve are provided both inside and outside the building. The present invention also discloses an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment method. The ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system and adjustment method of the present invention actively adjust the unbalanced indoor air pressure and collect the instantaneous overpressure generated by closing the door through the air bag. The collected indoor air of the building is stored in the air bag with thermal insulation protection, achieving ultra-low energy consumption dynamic pressure difference adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of near-zero energy consumption buildings, and specifically relates to an airtightness adjustment system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings. The present invention also relates to an airtightness adjustment method for ultra-low energy consumption buildings. Background Art

[0002] The "Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" GB / T51350-2019 (hereinafter referred to as the "Standard") is one of the important national standards released in 2019. Closely integrating my country's climate characteristics, building types, energy usage characteristics, and development trends, the Standard draws extensively on and incorporates the advanced experience of developed countries. It conducts in-depth research on completed near-zero energy building demonstration projects in my country, providing a technical basis for achieving higher indoor environmental comfort and energy conservation goals, and offering technical support for the design, construction, testing, evaluation, adaptation, and operation and maintenance of near-zero energy buildings in my country. This Standard will have important guiding significance for the gradual improvement of my country's mandatory building energy efficiency standards in the medium and long term (2025-2035-2050). For the first time, the standard defines concepts such as ultra-low energy buildings, near-zero energy buildings, and zero energy buildings in my country. It clarifies binding control indicators, including indoor environmental parameters and building energy consumption indicators, proposes corresponding technical performance indicators, technical measures, and evaluation methods, and develops calculation and evaluation tools for near-zero energy buildings. It will play an important role in regulating the ultra-low energy building and near-zero energy building markets, improving design standards, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, improving the working and living environment, and guiding the improvement of relevant engineering standards and product standards. The standard clearly proposes the requirements for building airtightness for the first time, and proposes standards and testing methods for airtightness determination in the standard provisions. The airtightness standards can be found in Articles 5.0.1 (residential buildings) and 5.0.2 (public buildings).

[0003] During implementation, the Standard primarily employed enhanced sealing measures to improve building airtightness, and Standard 3.0.1 also emphasized passive design. However, passive technologies are essentially static sealing techniques, similar to "blocking water with blocking," preventing outside air from entering through gaps and holes in winter and preventing cold indoor air from leaking out in summer. While passive technologies are understandable, the overemphasis on airtightness, even requiring buildings to undergo airtightness testing, has resulted in high construction costs, difficult testing, and expensive maintenance for ultra-low energy buildings, hindering their widespread adoption.

[0004] In summary, the main problems in controlling airtightness of existing ultra-low energy consumption buildings are as follows:

[0005] (1) It can only guarantee the best airtightness at the time of delivery, but cannot adapt to the airtightness degradation during the entire life cycle of the building. During the use of the building, the passive sealing technology measures will inevitably show a trend of degradation of airtightness as the building expands and contracts and the components of the building move relative to each other. This can easily lead to "ultra-low energy consumption when built" and "continuously increasing energy consumption" during operation, causing complaints from residents due to quality issues.

[0006] (2) It cannot cope with the instantaneous overpressure caused by short-term human activities in the room. Because the mechanical energy of opening and closing doors in a relatively closed room will increase the internal energy of the indoor air, mainly in the form of kinetic energy, and the direct reaction is a short-term increase in dynamic pressure.

[0007] Therefore, in order to control the goal of air tightness and achieve the air tightness evaluation indicators, the technical scope should be expanded and active adjustment measures should be added on the basis of passive ones. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system, which solves the problems of existing building airtightness attenuation and increased energy consumption caused by indoor instantaneous overpressure.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the air tightness of an ultra-low energy consumption building.

[0010] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system, including an air pipe, one end of the air pipe is connected to the interior of the building, and the other end of the air pipe is connected to an air bag placed in a vacuum insulation shell. An opening and closing electric valve is provided in the air pipe, and door and window sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve are provided in the building interior. Pressure sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve are provided both indoors and outside the building.

[0011] The first technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that:

[0012] The airbag is equipped with an air storage pressure sensor linked to the opening and closing electric valve. A vent electric valve connected to the atmosphere is provided on the air pipe at a position away from the indoor side of the building. The vent electric valve is linked to the pressure sensors installed indoors and outside the building.

[0013] The air bag is connected to an air compressor through a pipeline, and an air supply electric valve is arranged in the communicating pipeline between the air compressor and the air bag.

[0014] The airbag is provided with an air storage pressure sensor linked to the opening and closing electric valve, and an air supply pressure sensor is provided in the pipeline between the air compressor and the air supply electric valve. Both the air supply pressure sensor and the air storage pressure sensor are linked to the air compressor and the air supply electric valve.

[0015] The air inlet of the air compressor is connected to a heat storage air filter and a non-heat storage air filter through two pipes respectively. Temperature sensors linked to the heat storage air filter and the non-heat storage air filter are installed indoors and outdoors of the building.

[0016] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment method, based on an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system including an air pipe, one end of the air pipe is connected to the building interior, the other end of the air pipe is connected to an air bag, an opening and closing electric valve is provided in the air pipe, a door and window sensor linked to the opening and closing electric valve is provided in the building interior, and pressure sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve are provided both inside and outside the building; the adjustment method comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: The door and window sensors obtain the switch status of the windows and entrance doors in the building;

[0018] Step 2: If the window is closed and the entrance door is closed or open, the on-off electric valve opens, and the indoor air in the building enters the air bag through the air pipe, or the gas in the air bag enters the indoor building through the air pipe;

[0019] If the windows and entrance doors are closed, the pressure sensors inside and outside the building will obtain the pressure difference between the two areas. If the pressure inside the building is higher than the pressure outside the building by more than 10Pa, the on-off electric valve will open, and the gas inside the building will enter the air bag through the air pipe. If the pressure inside the building is lower than the pressure outside the building by more than 10Pa, the on-off electric valve will open, and the gas will enter the building through the air bag through the air pipe. If the pressure difference between the two areas is within 10Pa, the on-off electric valve will remain closed.

[0020] If the window is open, the opening and closing electric valve remains closed.

[0021] The second technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that:

[0022] The airtightness adjustment system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings also includes a gas storage pressure sensor arranged on the air bag and linked to the opening and closing electric valve. A venting electric valve connected to the atmosphere is arranged on the air pipe at a position away from the indoor side of the building. The venting electric valve is linked to the pressure sensors arranged indoors and outside the building. The adjustment method also includes: in step 2, when the indoor gas of the building enters the air bag through the air pipe, the gas storage pressure sensor detects that the air bag is full, the opening and closing electric valve is closed, and the venting electric valve is opened.

[0023] The ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system also includes an air compressor connected to the air bag through a pipe, and an air supply electric valve is provided in the connecting pipe between the air compressor and the air bag; the adjustment method also includes: in step 2, when the gas enters the building interior from the air bag through the air pipe, the indoor pressure of the building is still lower than the outdoor pressure of the building by more than 10Pa, and the air supply electric valve and the air compressor are opened in sequence.

[0024] The airtightness adjustment system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings also includes an air storage pressure sensor arranged on the air bag and linked to the opening and closing electric valve. The air bag is connected to an air compressor through a pipe. An air supply electric valve is arranged in the connecting pipe between the air compressor and the air bag. An air supply pressure sensor is arranged in the pipe between the air compressor and the air supply electric valve. The air supply pressure sensor and the air storage pressure sensor are both linked to the air compressor and the air supply electric valve; the adjustment method also includes: when the opening and closing electric valve remains closed in step 2, the pressure value obtained by the air storage pressure sensor is less than the pressure value obtained by the air supply pressure sensor and lasts for at least 10s, then the air supply electric valve and the air compressor are opened in sequence.

[0025] The airtightness adjustment system of the ultra-low energy consumption building also includes a heat storage air filter and a non-heat storage air filter, the air inlet of the air compressor being connected to each other through two pipes. Temperature sensors linked to the heat storage air filter and the non-heat storage air filter are provided indoors and outdoors of the building; the adjustment method also includes: when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is not higher than the outdoor temperature of the building, or the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building by no more than 5°C, the non-heat storage air filter is opened; when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building by more than 5°C, the heat storage air filter is opened.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system and adjustment method of the present invention actively adjust the indoor unbalanced air pressure and collect the instantaneous overpressure generated by closing the door through the air bag, and the collected indoor air of the building is stored in the air bag with thermal insulation protection, thereby realizing ultra-low energy consumption dynamic pressure difference adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1. air pipe, 2. vacuum insulation shell, 3. air bag, 4. opening and closing electric valve, 5. air storage pressure sensor, 6. venting electric valve, 7. air compressor, 8. air supply electric valve, 9. air supply pressure sensor, 10. heat storage air filter, 11. non-heat storage air filter, 12. first door and window sensor, 13. second door and window sensor, 14. third door and window sensor, 15. indoor pressure sensor, 16. outdoor pressure sensor, 17. indoor temperature sensor, 18. outdoor temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] The present invention provides an ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system and adjustment method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the regulation system includes an air pipe 1, one end of which is connected to the interior of the building, and the other end of the air pipe 1 is connected in parallel to an air bag 3 placed in a vacuum insulation shell 2 and an evacuation electric valve 6. An opening and closing electric valve 4 is provided in the air pipe 1. Door and window sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve 4 are provided in the building interior, namely, a first door and window sensor 12 provided on the window, a second door and window sensor 13 provided on the entrance door, and a third door and window sensor 14 provided on the interior door. Indoor pressure sensors 15 and outdoor pressure sensors 16 linked to the opening and closing electric valve 4 are provided both indoors and outdoors of the building. The regulation method includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: The first door and window sensor 12 obtains the switch status of the windows in the building, and the second door and window sensor 13 and the third door and window sensor 14 obtain the switch status of the entrance door and interior door in the building;

[0032] Step 2: If the window is closed and the entrance door is closed or open, the opening and closing electric valve 4 opens, and the indoor air enters the airbag 3 through the air pipe 1, or the air in the airbag 3 enters the building through the air pipe 1. When the outward-opening entrance door is closed, a positive overpressure is generated in the room, and the positive overpressure gas enters the airbag 3 through the air pipe 1. When the outward-opening entrance door is opened, a negative overpressure is generated in the room, and the gas in the airbag 3 enters the building through the air pipe 1, thereby dynamically releasing or storing air through the airbag 3 to dynamically compensate for air pressure loss.

[0033] If the windows and entrance doors are both closed, indoor heating, human activity, or the opening and closing of indoor doors will cause the indoor pressure to increase. The indoor pressure sensor 15 and the outdoor pressure sensor 16 obtain the pressure difference between the indoor and outdoor areas of the building. If the indoor pressure of the building is higher than the outdoor pressure of the building by more than 10Pa, the on-off electric valve 4 opens, and the indoor gas of the building enters the air bag 3 through the air pipe 1. Of course, indoor cooling and other conditions will also cause the indoor pressure to decrease. If the indoor pressure of the building is lower than the outdoor pressure of the building by more than 10Pa, the on-off electric valve 4 opens, and the gas enters the indoor area of ​​the building through the air pipe 1 from the air bag 3. In the above window closed state, the on-off electric valve 4 is opened to balance the indoor and outdoor pressure difference of the building to within 10Pa, and the on-off electric valve 4 remains closed, thereby reducing the pressure difference from 50Pa in the existing "standard" to 10Pa, which helps to reduce energy consumption.

[0034] If the window is in the open state, the opening and closing electric valve 4 remains closed, the airbag 3 does not work, and the pressure difference compensation is not considered, which is a natural ventilation state.

[0035] As a further improvement of the present invention, the adjustment system and adjustment method of the present invention may further include:

[0036] During the adjustment process in step 2, when the indoor gas of the building enters the airbag 3 through the air pipe 1 and fills the airbag 3, the adjustment system also includes a gas storage pressure sensor 5 arranged on the airbag 3 and linked with the opening and closing electric valve 4, and a venting electric valve 6 connected to the atmosphere is arranged at a position on the air pipe 1 away from the indoor side of the building, and the venting electric valve 6 is linked with both the indoor pressure sensor 15 and the outdoor pressure sensor 16; the adjustment method is: when the gas storage pressure sensor 5 detects that the airbag 3 is full, the opening and closing electric valve 4 is closed, and the venting electric valve 6 is opened to release the overpressure air into the environment.

[0037] During the adjustment process in step 2, when the gas enters the building from the air bag 3 through the air pipe 1, the indoor pressure of the building is still lower than the outdoor pressure of the building by more than 10Pa, the adjustment system also includes an air compressor 7 connected to the air bag 3 through a pipeline, and an air supply electric valve 8 is provided in the connecting pipeline between the air compressor 7 and the air bag 3; the adjustment method is: the air supply electric valve 8 and the air compressor 7 are opened in turn to supply air, and when the indoor pressure is higher than the outdoor pressure by more than 10Pa, the air compressor 7 and the air supply electric valve 8 are closed in turn.

[0038] During the adjustment process of step 2, when the opening and closing electric valve 4 remains in a closed state, the adjustment system also includes an air storage pressure sensor 5 arranged on the airbag 3 and linked to the opening and closing electric valve 4. The airbag 3 is connected to an air compressor 7 through a pipeline. An air supply electric valve 8 is arranged in the connecting pipeline between the air compressor 7 and the airbag 3. An air supply pressure sensor 9 is arranged in the pipeline between the air compressor 7 and the air supply electric valve 8. The air supply pressure sensor 9 and the air storage pressure sensor 5 are both linked to the air compressor 7 and the air supply electric valve 8. The adjustment method is: when the pressure value obtained by the air storage pressure sensor 5 is less than the pressure value obtained by the air supply pressure sensor 9 and lasts for at least 10s, the air supply electric valve 8 and the air compressor 7 are opened in sequence.

[0039] When the above-mentioned air supply electric valve 8 and air compressor 7 are opened in sequence, the heat storage air filter 10 and the non-heat storage air filter 11 can also be connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 7 through two pipes respectively. The non-heat storage air filter 11 adopts an air filter with a filter element, and the heat storage air filter 10 adopts an air filter with a filter element filled with heat storage material to realize solar heat storage. Indoor temperature sensors 17 and outdoor temperature sensors 18 that are linked to the heat storage air filter 10 and the non-heat storage air filter 11 are provided indoors and outdoors in the building; the adjustment method is: when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the indoor temperature sensor 17 is not higher than the outdoor temperature of the building obtained by the outdoor temperature sensor 18, or the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the indoor temperature sensor 17 is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building obtained by the outdoor temperature sensor 18 by no more than 5°C, the non-heat storage air filter 11 is opened; when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the indoor temperature sensor 17 is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building obtained by the outdoor temperature sensor 18 by more than 5°C, the heat storage air filter 10 is opened.

[0040] Through the above-mentioned method, the ultra-low energy consumption building airtightness adjustment system and adjustment method of the present invention actively adjust the indoor unbalanced air pressure and collect the instantaneous overpressure generated by closing the door through the air bag 3, and the collected indoor air of the building is stored in the air bag 3 with thermal insulation protection, thereby realizing ultra-low energy consumption dynamic pressure difference adjustment; wherein, each sensor and electric valve, air compressor 7, air filter and other equipment are connected to the controller through the built-in wireless connection module, so as to be linked, that is, the sensor transmits the signal to the controller, and the controller controls the switch of the electric valve, air compressor 7, air filter and other equipment.

Claims

1. The airtightness adjustment method of ultra-low energy consumption building is characterized by: An airtightness regulating system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings comprises an air pipe (1), one end of the air pipe (1) is connected to the interior of the building, the other end of the air pipe (1) is connected to an air bag (3) placed in a vacuum heat-insulating shell (2), an opening and closing electric valve (4) is arranged in the air pipe (1), a door and window sensor linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4) is arranged in the interior of the building, and pressure sensors linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4) are arranged inside and outside the building; an air storage pressure sensor (5) linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4) is arranged on the air bag (3), a venting electric valve (6) connected to the atmosphere is arranged on the air pipe (1) at a position away from the interior of the building, and the venting electric valve (6) is linked to the pressure sensors arranged inside and outside the building; the air bag (3) is connected to the atmosphere through the pipe The air compressor (7) is connected to the air bag (3); an air supply electric valve (8) is provided in the connecting pipe between the air compressor (7) and the air bag (3); an air storage pressure sensor (5) linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4) is provided on the air bag (3); an air supply pressure sensor (9) is provided in the pipe between the air compressor (7) and the air supply electric valve (8); the air supply pressure sensor (9) and the air supply pressure sensor (5) are linked to the air compressor (7) and the air supply electric valve (8); the air inlet of the air compressor (7) is connected to a heat storage air filter (10) and a non-heat storage air filter (11) through two pipes respectively; temperature sensors linked to the heat storage air filter (10) and the non-heat storage air filter (11) are provided indoors and outdoors of the building; the adjustment method comprises the following steps: Step 1: The door and window sensors obtain the switch status of the windows and entrance doors in the building; Step 2: If the window is closed and the entrance door is closed or opened, the opening and closing electric valve (4) is opened, and the indoor gas of the building enters the air bag (3) through the air pipe (1), or the gas in the air bag (3) enters the indoor space of the building through the air pipe (1); If the windows and the entrance door are both closed, the pressure sensors inside and outside the building obtain the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building. If the pressure inside the building is higher than the pressure outside the building by more than 10Pa, the opening and closing electric valve (4) opens, and the gas inside the building enters the air bag (3) through the air pipe (1); if the pressure inside the building is lower than the pressure outside the building by more than 10Pa, the opening and closing electric valve (4) opens, and the gas enters the building from the air bag (3) through the air pipe (1); if the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building is within 10Pa, the opening and closing electric valve (4) remains closed. If the window is in the open state, the opening and closing electric valve (4) remains closed.

2. The airtightness adjustment method for ultra-low energy consumption buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airtightness regulating system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings further comprises a gas storage pressure sensor (5) arranged on the air bag (3) and linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4); a venting electric valve (6) connected to the atmosphere is arranged on the air pipe (1) at a position away from the indoor side of the building; the venting electric valve (6) is linked to pressure sensors arranged indoors and outdoors of the building; and the regulating method further comprises: in the step 2, when the indoor gas of the building enters the air bag (3) through the air pipe (1), the gas storage pressure sensor (5) detects that the air bag (3) is full, the opening and closing electric valve (4) is closed, and the venting electric valve (6) is opened.

3. The airtightness adjustment method for ultra-low energy consumption buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airtightness regulating system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings further comprises an air compressor (7) connected to the air bag (3) via a pipe, and an air supply electric valve (8) is provided in the pipe connecting the air compressor (7) and the air bag (3); the regulating method further comprises: in the step 2, when the gas enters the interior of the building from the air bag (3) through the air pipe (1), the pressure inside the building is still lower than the pressure outside the building by more than 10Pa, and the air supply electric valve (8) and the air compressor (7) are opened in sequence.

4. The method for adjusting airtightness of ultra-low energy consumption buildings according to claim 1, wherein: The airtightness regulating system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings further comprises an air storage pressure sensor (5) provided on the air bag (3) and linked to the opening and closing electric valve (4); the air bag (3) is connected to an air compressor (7) through a pipeline; an air supply electric valve (8) is provided in the connecting pipeline between the air compressor (7) and the air bag (3); an air supply pressure sensor (9) is provided in the pipeline between the air compressor (7) and the air supply electric valve (8); the air supply pressure sensor (9) and the air storage pressure sensor (5) are both linked to the air compressor (7) and the air supply electric valve (8); and the regulating method further comprises: when the opening and closing electric valve (4) in step 2 remains in a closed state, the pressure value obtained by the air storage pressure sensor (5) is less than the pressure value obtained by the air supply pressure sensor (9) and lasts for not less than 10 seconds, then the air supply electric valve (8) and the air compressor (7) are opened in sequence.

5. The airtightness adjustment method for ultra-low energy consumption buildings according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The airtightness regulating system for ultra-low energy consumption buildings further comprises a heat storage air filter (10) and a non-heat storage air filter (11) connected to the air inlet of the air compressor (7) through two pipes, and temperature sensors linked to the heat storage air filter (10) and the non-heat storage air filter (11) are provided indoors and outdoors of the building; the regulating method further comprises: when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is not higher than the outdoor temperature of the building, or the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building by no more than 5°C, the non-heat storage air filter (11) is opened, and when the indoor temperature of the building obtained by the temperature sensor is higher than the outdoor temperature of the building by more than 5°C, the heat storage air filter (10) is opened.

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