A method and system based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna. The steps are as follows: establishing a magnetic antenna equivalent circuit model based on the basic reception theory of the magnetic antenna; establishing a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit based on the magnetic antenna equivalent circuit model; generating a uniform magnetic field by building a Helmholtz ring coil test bench to simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment generated by the lightning channel; testing the effects of different parameters based on the magnetic antenna coupling lightning electromagnetic wave system and processing the obtained data and frequency response curve analysis. The present invention establishes an equivalent circuit for a multi-turn ring antenna to receive lightning electromagnetic wave signals, generates a uniform magnetic field by building a Helmholtz ring coil test bench to simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment generated by the lightning channel, analyzes the effects of different sampling parameters of the multi-turn ring antenna on its ability to couple lightning electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic environment, and obtains important parameters that affect the antenna's reception performance, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the magnetic antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to lightning science, and in particular to a method and system based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals. Background Art

[0002] Lightning is a rapid electrical discharge between charged clouds or between charged clouds and the ground (or an object), often accompanied by lightning and thunder. During the lightning discharge process, two types of hazards are often caused: direct lightning strikes and lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEPs). LEPs are short-lived, transient electromagnetic phenomena that are more destructive than direct lightning strikes. When antennas are coupled with the highly energetic LEP signals, they damage their amplifying circuits and other electronic equipment, causing them to fail or permanently damage them. This has a number of serious and adverse impacts on our daily lives. To study the various physical properties of lightning, the design of magnetic antennas and their use to receive and couple its electromagnetic wave pulse signals have attracted increasing attention. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals, so as to accurately reflect the changing trends of the magnitude of lightning electromagnetic waves and lightning currents, as well as the ratio of voltage to magnetic induction intensity, as the frequency changes under different parameter selection combinations.

[0004] Technical Solution: The method described in this invention is based on a magnetic antenna coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signal. Using a combination of theoretical and experimental methods, an equivalent circuit for a multi-turn loop antenna to receive lightning electromagnetic wave signals is established. A uniform magnetic field is generated by building a Helmholtz ring coil test bench to simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment generated by a lightning channel. The method analyzes the effects of different sampling parameters on the multi-turn loop antenna's ability to couple lightning electromagnetic waves in this electromagnetic environment. The method accurately reflects the changing trends of the magnitude of lightning electromagnetic waves and lightning currents, as well as the ratio of voltage to magnetic induction intensity, as a function of frequency under different parameter combinations. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0005] (1) Establish the equivalent circuit model of magnetic antenna based on the basic reception theory of magnetic antenna.

[0006] (1.1) The surface area of ​​the loop antenna is A L ; B N is the plane normal magnetic field component of the loop antenna; R L is the resistance value of C, C0, and R0 in parallel; L is the inductance of the loop antenna; the relationship between the above parameters is derived from the circuit principle:

[0007]

[0008] In the formula, U0 represents the output voltage across the load resistor R0.

[0009] (1.2) In the simplest case, a loop antenna is a rectangular planar coil with a coaxial axis OO that coincides with the symmetry axis of the loop; assume that this loop antenna is located in the vertical plane and a vertically polarized wave with its propagation direction in the horizontal plane making an angle passes through; since it is a vertically polarized wave, electromotive forces are induced only on the vertical wires ασ and δτ of the loop; the electromagnetic wave first reaches the wire δτ and induces an electromotive force in it:

[0010] e θz =E m sinωt

[0011] When there are N turns in the loop coil, the electromotive forces induced on N wires are:

[0012]

[0013] In the formula, E m is the amplitude of the electric field strength.

[0014] (2) Establish a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit based on the equivalent circuit model of the magnetic antenna.

[0015] [[ID=३०]](3) Generate a uniform magnetic field by building a Helmholtz circular coil test bench to simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment generated by a lightning channel.

[0016] Let a be the radius of the Helmholtz circle, h be the distance between the two circles. In the region r < a, assume the magnetic field generated by coil 1 is B (1) , and the magnetic field generated by coil 2 is B (2) . According to the additivity property of the magnetic field, the axial component of the combined magnetic field of coil 1 and coil 2 is:

[0017]

[0018] where L n represents the nth-order magnetic field coefficient of a single circular coil, and β = h / a.

[0019] Its central magnetic field is:

[0020]

[0021] where μ0 = 4π×10 -7 , and I is the current of the Helmholtz circular coil.

[0022] (4) Based on the magnetic antenna coupled lightning electromagnetic wave system, test the effects caused by different parameters, process the obtained data, and analyze the frequency response curve.

[0023] A system based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals, capable of implementing the above-mentioned method of coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on magnetic antenna, includes a lightning electromagnetic field receiving system and a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit. The lightning electromagnetic field receiving system is used to receive, store and output electromagnetic wave signals and their data, and the magnetic antenna signal processing circuit is used to modulate the electromagnetic wave signals in the magnetic antenna equivalent circuit.

[0024] A computer storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals.

[0025] A computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals is implemented.

[0026] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. The present invention uses a ferrite material with higher resistivity and non-reciprocity as the magnetic core. Compared with previous magnetic loop antennas using hollow or ordinary materials, it suppresses the generation of eddy current losses and reduces energy loss. It can also modulate the transmission direction of microwave signals through its inherent magnetic anisotropy, thereby improving the antenna's reception performance.

[0028] 2. The present invention simulates the magnetic field under the lightning electromagnetic wave environment by building a Helmholtz ring coil test bench, which can create a highly uniform magnetic field and fully ensure the constancy of the magnetic field, meeting actual needs;

[0029] 3. The present invention obtains important parameters that affect the antenna's receiving performance by changing the capacitance and resistance values ​​in the magnetic antenna's equivalent circuit model, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the magnetic antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the resonant equivalent circuit;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-turn toroidal coil; Figure 3 (a) is a simplified diagram. Figure 3 (b) is the equivalent diagram, Figure 3 (c) is the decomposition of a multi-turn ring;

[0033] Figure 4 is a graphic representation of the derivation of the loop antenna pattern equation;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-turn loop antenna;

[0035] Figure 6 is the directional pattern of the loop antenna;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the Helmholtz toroidal coil;

[0038] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the test waveform with a frequency of 1kHz; Figure 9 (a) is the normal waveform, Figure 9 (b) is the distorted waveform;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the frequency response curve for the same resistance but different capacitance; Figure 10 (a) Frequency response curves of different capacitors when 10Ω, Figure 10 (b) is the frequency response curve of different capacitors when 20Ω, Figure 10 (c) is the frequency response curve of different capacitors when 30Ω, Figure 10 (d) is the frequency response curve of different capacitors at 40Ω. Figure 10 (e) Frequency response curves of different capacitors when the value is 50Ω;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the frequency response curve for the same capacitance but different resistance; Figure 11 (a) is the frequency response curve of different resistances at 50pF. Figure 11 (b) is the frequency response curve of different resistances at 100pF. Figure 11 (c) is the frequency response curve of different resistances at 1000pF. Figure 11 (d) Frequency response curves of different resistances at 0.01μF. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The present invention proposes a system and method based on magnetic antenna coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0043] (1) An equivalent circuit model of a magnetic antenna is established based on the basic receiving theory of a magnetic antenna. Specifically, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when a loop antenna is placed in a changing magnetic field, it will generate an induced electromotive force. When the loop antenna is placed in a uniform alternating magnetic field with an angular frequency of ω and the axis of the winding is parallel to the magnetic field intensity H, the voltage generated at both ends of the loop antenna is:

[0044]

[0045] Where μ0 is the initial magnetic permeability, n is the number of turns of the coil, and A is the area of ​​each coil.

[0046] In the frequency domain, we assume:

[0047] B(t)=B0·e j2πft (2)

[0048] Then we have:

[0049] V=-j·N·A·ω·B0·e jωt (3)

[0050] The scale factor of the induction coil is calculated as:

[0051] |V / B|=|V / B0|=N·A·ω (4)

[0052] At the same time, the induced electromotive force Ee at both ends of the antenna is calculated as:

[0053] E e =μ0μ r ωHAn (5)

[0054] Where μ0 is the magnetic permeability of air, μ r is the relative magnetic permeability.

[0055] According to electromagnetic field theory, the relationship between magnetic field intensity H and electric field intensity E is:

[0056]

[0057] That is:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, which is 3×10 8 m / s.

[0060] Substituting E / c0 into equation (2.5) yields:

[0061]

[0062] Where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, expressed in meters.

[0063] In order to facilitate numerical calculations, the loop antenna can be analyzed in the frequency domain; Figure 2 As shown, U L (ω) is the induced electromotive force generated by the magnetic lines of force in the closed loop of the loop antenna. L in the figure is the inductance of the loop antenna. The internal resistance of the antenna can be ignored. Therefore, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, we can get:

[0064] U L (ω)=A L ·j·ω·B N (9)

[0065] Where, the surface area of ​​the loop antenna is A L , the unit is m 2 ; B N is the normal magnetic field component of the loop antenna plane, in T. According to the circuit principle, the output voltage at both ends of the load resistor R0 can be deduced as:

[0066]

[0067] In the above formula, the resistance value of C, C0, and R0 in parallel is R L .

[0068] In the simplest case, a loop antenna is a rectangular planar coil with the same rotation axis OO coinciding with the symmetry axis of the loop. Figure 3 As shown, it is assumed that the loop antenna is located in the plumb plane and has a propagation direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the loop coil in the horizontal plane. A vertically polarized wave passes through the loop. Since it is a vertically polarized wave, it only induces an electromotive force on the plumb bob wires ασ and δτ in the loop. The electromagnetic wave first reaches the wire δτ and induces an electromotive force in it:

[0069] e θz =E m sinωt (11)

[0070] Among them, E m is the amplitude of the electric field strength.

[0071] Then, the electromagnetic wave passes through the wire ασ, and due to the path difference of the wave Delayed in phase Angle. At this time, the electromotive force induced on the wire is:

[0072]

[0073] Then using the known trigonometric formula, we can get:

[0074]

[0075] Replace the obtained expression with:

[0076]

[0077] When there are N turns in the toroidal coil, as Figure 4 As shown, considering that the electromotive force induced on all N wires on one side of the toroidal coil is the same in value and phase, this result should be increased to N times, that is:

[0078]

[0079] In the long wave and medium-long wave bands, m<<λ, so we can get:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Taking into account the area of ​​the toroidal coil S = hm, we can write the formula for the instantaneous value of the synthetic electromotive force in the toroidal coil as follows:

[0083]

[0084] The amplitude of this electromotive force is equal to:

[0085]

[0086] According to the above formula, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0087] The loop antenna has directivity in the horizontal plane, and its radiation pattern is an 8-shaped pattern. Figure 5 As shown, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the toroidal coil The electromagnetic wave has no path difference between the two opposite plumb wires on the toroidal coil. Therefore, the electromotive force induced on the wire on one side of the toroidal coil is completely offset by the electromotive force acting on the wire on the other side. As a result, there is no reception (E mα =0).

[0088] As the direction of the electromagnetic wave approaches the plane of the toroidal coil, the path difference of the electromagnetic wave to the opposite plumb bob side of the coil also increases. and At this time, the mutual cancellation of the electromotive force in the ring coil and the conductor is almost completely eliminated, so the maximum amplitude of the resultant electromotive force is: Converting the electromotive force and electric field strength in the toroidal coil into effective values, we obtain: The formula of the electromotive force in the known receiving antenna is: Eα =Egh λ By comparison, it can be concluded that the effective height of the loop receiving antenna is equal to:

[0089]

[0090] The application of magnetic antennas is generally reflected in the measurement of magnetic field strength. If the induced voltages of two orthogonal loop antennas are ratioed, the azimuth angle θ of the incident electromagnetic wave can be obtained:

[0091]

[0092] U EW and U NS Represent the induced voltages on the two orthogonal antennas respectively.

[0093] (2) Based on the basic receiving theory of the magnetic antenna and its equivalent circuit in step (1), a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit is established; specifically:

[0094] Signal processing circuits generally consist of amplifiers, filters, and linearization circuits. The magnetic antenna signal processing circuit used in the experiment consists of four components: a differential amplifier circuit, a secondary amplifier circuit, a low-pass filter, and a follower circuit. The coupled antenna signal is sampled by resistor R and capacitor C, converted into a voltage signal, and then amplified by the amplifier. After the initial amplification stage, the signal does not reach a level that can be recognized and analyzed by the back-end equipment, so further amplification is required.

[0095] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, IC1 forms the core of the differential amplifier. The inverting and non-inverting inputs of the integrated operational amplifier (OPA) each carry the input voltages flowing through the load resistors. The inverting input is then connected back to the output resistor via the feedback resistor. To ensure resistance balance between the two inputs of the op amp and to avoid and reduce the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), the feedback and grounding resistors are typically small. Reducing the feedback and grounding resistors improves CMRR and maintains balanced resistance between the two inputs to ground.

[0096] IC2 is a secondary amplifier. To better amplify AC and slowly varying signals and achieve circuit integration, the preamplifier and postamplifier circuits can be directly coupled. The preamplifier circuit should use low-power, low-noise acoustic tubes, and the quiescent operating point should be adjusted to the lowest possible level to improve noise characteristics. Generally speaking, the noise level of the entire secondary amplifier circuit is determined by the noise level of the preceding circuit. The main function of the low-pass filter is to combine the integrated operational amplifier with the circuit consisting of resistor R and capacitor C to form an active low-pass filter with high voltage and strong load capacity, which is used to control the frequency band of the input electromagnetic signal.

[0097] IC3 is a voltage follower that has the ability to reduce the output resistance of the pre-stage follower and increase the input resistance of the post-stage follower. After passing through these four parts, the magnetic signal collected by the antenna will be converted into a voltage signal and accurately recorded. Special attention should be paid to the impedance matching problem at the connection of each stage of the circuit to retain the signal source to the greatest extent possible.

[0098] (3) Establish an experimental magnetic field under an analog lightning electromagnetic wave environment; specifically: First, simulate the magnetic field under an analog lightning electromagnetic wave environment and build a Helmholtz circular coil test bench. The Helmholtz circular coil is composed of two coils with the same diameter, placed coaxially and parallel to each other, and the distance between the two coils is much smaller than the coil radius. Its magnetic field characteristic is that within the range where the two coils are separated, the magnetic field has high uniformity and can be approximated as a constant magnetic field within a certain area.

[0099] The Helmholtz circular coil is as Figure 7 shown, where a is the radius of the circle, h is the distance between the two circles, within the region of r < a, let the magnetic field generated by coil 1 be B (1) , and the magnetic field generated by coil 2 be B (2) . According to the additive property of the magnetic field, the axial component of the combined magnetic field of coil 1 and coil 2 is

[0100]

[0101] where L n represents the nth-order magnetic field coefficient of a single circular coil, and β = h / a.

[0102] Its central magnetic field is:

[0103]

[0104] Uniformity:

[0105]

[0106] where μ0 = 4π × 10 -7 , and I is the current of the Helmholtz circular coil.

[0107] When the same-direction current is passed through these two identical, parallel, and coaxial current-carrying coils of the Helmholtz circular coil, when the distance between the two coils is equal to the radius of the coil, the total magnetic field of the two current-carrying coils is uniform within a relatively large range near the coaxial midpoint. According to the voltage data in the signal channel, the distance between the Helmholtz circular coils is obtained, and its value is 27.5 cm. Use two stools of the same height to place the two current-carrying coils of the Helmholtz ring coil at the same height in a straight line, and then hang the ferrite rod antenna with a small ring coil wrapped with multiple turns at the midpoint of the coaxial line of the Helmholtz ring coil, so that it is placed in a standard uniform magnetic field.

[0108] Secondly, based on the Helmholtz ring coil test bench, the signal source is connected in series with a resistor box, and then the magnetic antenna and capacitor are connected in series. A resistor box is connected in parallel at both ends of the adjustable capacitor, and then this closed circuit is connected to the magnetic antenna signal processing circuit. The capacitor can initially be selected by connecting two 100pF capacitors in series and then connecting the entire circuit. After the series connection, a 50pF capacitor can be obtained. After that, the capacitance value can be replaced in order from low to high. The positive pole of the magnetic antenna signal processing circuit is connected to a DC regulated power supply and a signal source generator, and the negative pole of the magnetic antenna signal processing circuit is connected to an oscilloscope, which processes, outputs, and displays the final signal.

[0109] (4) Based on the test of the influence of different parameters on the magnetic antenna coupling lightning electromagnetic wave system, the obtained data and frequency response curve analysis are processed; specifically: the frequency response curve of the magnetic antenna refers to the difference in the magnetic antenna's processing ability for signals of different frequencies, and different sampling parameters also have a certain influence on the ability of the magnetic antenna to couple and receive lightning electromagnetic waves. Therefore, we need to study the influence of the magnetic antenna frequency response curve after selecting different sampling parameters. Generally speaking, if the static operating point Q is set too high, the output will easily enter the saturation region, and the output waveform will be clipped; if the static operating point Q is set too low, the output will easily enter the cutoff region, and the output waveform will be capped, resulting in clipping. Whether it is upper clipping or lower clipping, it will cause distortion of the output waveform.

[0110] (4.1) Test waveform analysis:

[0111] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, when the input voltage amplitude Vpp of the signal source is 1V and the frequency is 1kHz, the resistance is 10Ω and the capacitance is 100pF, the amplitude of the signal channel CH1 displayed by the oscilloscope output is 1V, and the voltage amplitude of the signal channel CH2 is 3.6V. Since the peak voltage of channel CH2 of 3.6V is much smaller than the critical peak-to-peak voltage of waveform distortion of 20.50V, the waveform appears normal.

[0112] When the signal source input voltage amplitude Vpp is 7V and the frequency is 1kHz, with a resistance of 10Ω and a capacitance of 100pF, the oscilloscope output shows that the amplitude of signal channel CH1 is 6.250V, and the voltage amplitude of signal channel CH2 is 21.25V. Since the peak voltage of channel CH2, 21.25V, is greater than the critical voltage for waveform distortion, clipping occurs, and the waveform is distorted.

[0113] (4.2) Analysis of measurement results of different sampling parameters for normal waveform:

[0114] ①At 1Vpp, select the frequency response value of the magnetic antenna with the same resistance but different capacitance;

[0115] When the input voltage of the signal source is 1Vpp and the resistance is set to 10Ω, the first set of frequency loudness test results can be obtained by changing the capacitance value and frequency. Similarly, the measurement results of the other four sets of parameter values ​​can be obtained when the resistance is set to 20Ω, 30Ω, 40Ω, and 50Ω. Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the overall regular trend of the frequency response curves of these five groups of resistance values ​​is that the low-frequency part (100Hz~1kHz) rises sharply, and at the inflection point of 1kHz, the curve becomes a flat straight line and maintains a maximum value unchanged until the frequency increases to 200kHz, at which time the curve begins to show a downward trend.

[0116] In the frequency band where the curve enters the flat straight line, it can be clearly seen that the maximum values ​​that can be achieved by the frequency response curves of different capacitance values ​​at the same resistance are related to each other (see Table 1).

[0117] Table 1 Frequency response curves of magnetic antennas with the same resistance and different capacitance at 1Vpp Maximum value

[0118] Frequency response value (V / nT) U / B(50pF) U / B(100pF) U / B(1000pF) U / B(0.01μF) U / B(10Ω) 0.063 0.065 0.068 0.070 U / B(20Ω) 0.120 0.120 0.130 0.130 U / B(30Ω) 0.160 0.170 0.180 0.185 U / B(40Ω) 0.200 0.230 0.240 0.250 U / B(50Ω) 0.250 0.280 0.300 0.300

[0119] ②At 1Vpp, select the frequency response value of the magnetic antenna with the same capacitance but different resistance;

[0120] When the input voltage of the signal source is 1Vpp, the capacitance is set to 50pF, 100pF, 1000pF and 0.01μF, and the resistance value and frequency are changed, four sets of measurement results can be obtained. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, no matter it is 50pF, 100pF, 1000pF or 0.01μF, the overall trend of their frequency response curves is that they rise sharply in the frequency range of 100Hz~1kHz. With 1kHz as the inflection point, the steep increase trend of the curve suddenly changes to a relatively flat state, and finally shows a downward trend in the frequency band of 200kHz~500kHz.

[0121] The measurement results show that in both cases, the magnetic antenna frequency response curves show a linear increase with increasing frequency in the early low-frequency range, a relatively flat trend in the 1kHz to 300kHz range, and a decreasing trend after 300kHz. This method accurately reflects the frequency-dependent trends of the magnitude of lightning electromagnetic waves and lightning currents, as well as the ratio of voltage to magnetic induction intensity, under different parameter combinations. This method provides guidance for research on the characteristics of magnetic antennas coupling and receiving lightning electromagnetic waves, as well as for improving the detection accuracy of magnetic antennas.

Claims

1. A method for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Establish a magnetic antenna equivalent circuit model based on the basic reception theory of magnetic antenna; (2) Establish a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit based on the magnetic antenna equivalent circuit model; (3) A uniform magnetic field is generated by building a Helmholtz ring coil test bench to simulate the lightning electromagnetic environment generated by the lightning channel; (4) Based on the magnetic antenna coupled lightning electromagnetic wave system, the impact of different parameters is tested and the obtained data and frequency response curve analysis are processed.

2. The method for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (1) is specifically as follows: 1.

1. The surface area of ​​the loop antenna is A L ; B N is the plane normal magnetic field component of the loop antenna; R L is the resistance value of C, C0, and R0 in parallel; L is the inductance of the loop antenna; the relationship between the above parameters is derived from the circuit principle: Where U0 represents the output voltage at both ends of the load resistor R0; 1.

2. In the simplest case, a loop antenna is a rectangular planar coil with the same rotation axis and the symmetry axis of the loop. Assume that the loop antenna is located in the plumb plane and has a propagation direction that is parallel to the plane of the loop coil in the horizontal plane. The vertically polarized wave of the angle passes through; because it is a vertically polarized wave, it only induces electromotive force on the plumb wires ασ and δτ of the loop; the electromagnetic wave first reaches the wire δτ and induces electromotive force in it: And θz =And m sinωt; When there are N turns in the toroidal coil, the electromotive force induced on the N wires is: Where, E m is the amplitude of the electric field strength.

3. The method for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (3) is specifically as follows: Let \(a\) be the radius of the Helmholtz ring, \(h\) be the distance between the two rings. In the region where \(r < a\), assume the magnetic field generated by coil 1 is \(B\) (1) , and the magnetic field generated by coil 2 is \(B\) (2) . According to the additive property of the magnetic field, the axial component of the combined magnetic field of coil 1 and coil 2 is: Among them L n Represents the n-order magnetic field coefficient of a single toroidal coil, β = h / a; The central magnetic field is: where μ0 = 4π × 10 -7 , I is the current of the Helmholtz ring coil.

4. A system based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals, wherein the system can implement a method based on magnetic antenna coupling of lightning electromagnetic wave signals according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It includes a lightning electromagnetic field receiving system and a magnetic antenna signal processing circuit. The lightning electromagnetic field receiving system is used to receive, store and output electromagnetic wave signals and their data. The magnetic antenna signal processing circuit is used to modulate the electromagnetic wave signals in the magnetic antenna equivalent circuit.

5. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna is implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the method for coupling lightning electromagnetic wave signals based on a magnetic antenna is implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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