A multi-stage adjustable shear forming apparatus and method for a blade edge plate part

Abstract

The present application relates to plate parts multi-order adjustable shearing precision plastic forming technical field, specifically a kind of multi-order adjustable shearing forming equipment and method of plate parts with blade edge.It is based on rolling forming principle, motion execution mechanism carries out reciprocating linear motion under the drive of hydraulic cylinder, shearing forming mechanism is installed a group of different specifications of roller, roller specification increases along the processing direction in turn and roller is all driven wheel;Upper die plate is installed with pressing mechanism, ensure that plate does not move in the processing process;Lower die plate is installed with plate positioning mechanism, ensure the consistency of forming;To adapt to different plate thickness shearing deformation, lower die plate design continuous fine adjustment mechanism, realize the distance adjustment of upper die plate and lower die plate.The present application is a kind of local progressive shearing forming method, forming piece shearing deformation amount is continuously adjustable, forming force is small, roller is conveniently combined and used, can realize that the deformation organization is uniform and small, and the plate parts with blade edge with excellent performance processing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of multi-stage adjustable shearing precision plastic forming of plate parts, in particular to a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming equipment and method for plate parts with cutting edges. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the plate forming process, the organization and texture of the plate can be adjusted by introducing shear deformation to obtain fine equiaxed crystal organization to improve the plate forming performance. Liu Wen-hui et al. proposed the following patent: "A metal plate strong shear rolling forming method and device" (publication number CN104646416A), which installs an additional die on a double-roller rolling mill to realize strong shear rolling forming of the plate. "Shearing extrusion-rolling composite forming method and device for preparing high-performance plate" (publication number CN106984667B), which uses a shearing extrusion forming device for repeated shearing forming, improves the surface quality of the plate through rolling deformation, and improves the forming performance of the metal plate. Xin Ya-jun et al. proposed "A plate shearing test device" (publication number CN110595916A), which applies a load to the plate to be tested to produce a shearing effect on the plate to be tested. The above-mentioned forming methods have the following disadvantages: the adjustment is not flexible, and the forming precision is difficult to control. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the technical bottlenecks existing in the current plate shearing forming and the forming needs of plate parts with cutting edges, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming equipment and method for plate parts with cutting edges of different materials and sizes. According to the size of the plate edge, a set of different size rollers are designed, and the rollers are driven by the motion execution mechanism to realize multi-stage shearing forming of the plate, thereby meeting the forming needs of plate parts with cutting edges.

[0004] The technical solution of the present application is:

[0005] A multi-stage adjustable shearing forming equipment for plate parts with cutting edges, the mechanical structure of the equipment includes: an upper die plate, a motion execution mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a shearing forming mechanism, a pressing mechanism, a fine adjustment mechanism, and a lower die plate. The specific structure is as follows:

[0006] The upper die plate and the lower die plate are arranged in parallel, the upper die plate is provided with a pressing mechanism, the pressing mechanism is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the upper die plate, and a pressing plate is installed at an output end of the hydraulic cylinder; one side of the upper die plate is provided with an extension plate, a movement execution mechanism is installed at the bottom of the extension plate, the movement execution mechanism is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a shearing forming mechanism, and the shearing forming mechanism is provided with a plurality of rollers of different specifications; the top of the lower die plate is provided with a gap continuous fine adjustment mechanism between the upper die plate and the lower die plate, a positioning mechanism is arranged on the top of the workbench of the fine adjustment mechanism, the positioning mechanism is used for positioning the plate part with a blade edge, and the pressing plate of the pressing mechanism is used for pressing the plate part with a blade edge after positioning, and the rollers of the shearing forming mechanism are used for processing the plate part with a blade edge.

[0007] The positioning mechanism is installed on the workbench with the fine adjustment mechanism, the bottom surface of the workbench is a wedge surface, the top surface of the wedge block is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the wedge block through a flange.

[0008] The positioning mechanism is installed on the workbench with the fine adjustment mechanism, the bottom surface of the workbench is a wedge surface, the top surface of the wedge block is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the wedge block through a flange.

[0009] The movement execution mechanism is installed on the upper die plate and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, can move linearly, is connected with the shearing forming mechanism through a flange, is provided with a plurality of driven rollers of different specifications, the outer shape contour of the roller is designed according to the specifications of the plate part with a blade edge, the specifications of the rollers should be increased in turn along the rolling direction, and the shearing forming mechanism completes multi-stage adjustable progressive shearing forming of the plate part with a blade edge under the driving of the movement execution mechanism.

[0010] The positioning mechanism is installed on the workbench with the fine adjustment mechanism, the bottom surface of the workbench is a wedge surface, the top surface of the wedge block is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the wedge block through a flange.

[0011] The positioning mechanism is installed on the workbench with the fine adjustment mechanism, the bottom surface of the workbench is a wedge surface, the top surface of the wedge block is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the wedge block through a flange.

[0012] The application discloses a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of a plate part with a blade edge.

[0013] The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of the plate part with the blade edge is based on a rolling forming principle, a motion executing mechanism is driven to perform reciprocating linear motion under the driving of a hydraulic cylinder, a group of different-specification rollers are installed on the shearing forming mechanism, the specifications of the rollers are sequentially increased along a processing direction, and the rollers are all driven rollers; a pressing mechanism is installed on an upper die plate to ensure that the plate does not move during processing; a plate positioning mechanism is installed on a lower die plate to ensure forming consistency; and a continuous fine adjustment mechanism is designed on the lower die plate to realize adjustment of the distance between the upper die plate and the lower die plate.

[0014] The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of the plate part with the blade edge realizes hot forming and cold forming of the plate part with the blade edge of different materials.

[0015] The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of the plate part with the blade edge realizes single-side processing and single-face forming of a wedge-shaped blade edge, single-side processing and double-face forming of a conical blade edge, double-side processing and single-face forming of a wedge-shaped blade edge, or double-side processing and double-face forming of a conical blade edge according to actual product requirements.

[0016] The design idea of the application is:

[0017] The application is based on the principle of plate plastic forming, and realizes processing of the plate part with the blade edge by using a progressive forming method; the forming mechanism is composed of an upper die plate provided with a motion executing mechanism and a pressing mechanism, a lower die plate provided with a positioning mechanism, and a continuous fine adjustment mechanism for adjusting the gap between the upper die plate and the lower die plate; the forming mechanism is a group of rollers; the rollers are driven by the motion executing mechanism on the upper die plate, and the edge of the plate is rolled by the specially designed roller profile, so that multi-stage continuous shearing forming of the edge of the plate is realized, and the plate part with the blade edge is processed. The mechanical structure of the forming method is composed of the upper die plate provided with the motion executing mechanism and the pressing mechanism, the lower die plate provided with the positioning mechanism, and the fine adjustment mechanism for adjusting the gap between the upper die plate and the lower die plate; the motion executing mechanism, the pressing mechanism and the fine adjustment mechanism for adjusting the gap between the die plates are driven by a hydraulic cylinder, and the forming speed can be adjusted by flow control. In order to ensure good control performance of the system, a PLC control is adopted in the control system, the control system has a good man-machine interface, the forming speed, deformation amount and the gap adjustment between the upper die plate and the lower die plate can be flexibly adjusted according to the blade edge specification and forming process requirements, the forming parameters can be accurately controlled, and precise forming of the plate part with the blade edge is realized. A grating safety protection system is added in the design of the control system, so that the system has a safety protection function and the safety of system operation is improved.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0019] (1) The present application adopts a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method, which can realize the processing of a blade edge plate part, has the advantages of simple forming equipment structure, convenient replacement of forming rollers, small forming force, etc.

[0020] (2) The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of the blade edge plate of the present application is a multi-stage progressive shearing forming method, which has continuous adjustable shearing deformation of the formed part, small forming force, and convenient combination of rollers for use, and can realize the processing of a blade edge plate part with single-sided or double-sided blade edge, uniform and small deformation structure, and excellent performance. It can also be used for hot forming or cold forming of blade edge plate parts made of different materials such as ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and composite materials.

[0021] (3) The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method of the present application enables the edge of the plate to undergo multiple plastic deformations in a single forming process to obtain a blade edge with significantly refined microstructure. The microstructure of the blade edge of the formed plate part is refined, and a blade edge plate part with excellent performance can be obtained.

[0022] (4) The forming method of the present application can realize the processing of symmetrical and asymmetrical blade edge plate parts. The microstructure of the shearing deformation zone can be refined by multi-stage adjustable shearing forming, and the performance of the blade edge plate part can be improved.

[0023] (5) The shearing forming mechanism of the present application is designed with a continuous fine adjustment mechanism for the gap between the upper die plate and the lower die plate, which can realize shearing forming of different deformation amounts and different plate thicknesses, and the fine adjustment mechanism has a locking function.

[0024] (6) The shearing forming mechanism of the present application is designed with a pressing and positioning mechanism to ensure the consistency of the forming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a structure example diagram of a blade edge plate part. Among them, (a) single-sided single-sided blade edge, (b) single-sided double-sided blade edge, (c) double-sided single-sided blade edge, (d) double-sided double-sided blade edge.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage shearing forming equipment for the blade edge plate of the present application.

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the motion execution mechanism and the shearing forming mechanism.

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the plate pressing mechanism.

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the plate positioning mechanism.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fine-tuning mechanism for the spacing between the upper and lower templates.

[0031] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1 Upper template (11 Extension plate, 12 Connecting plate, 13 Upper template mounting ear), 2 Motion actuator (21 Hydraulic cylinder), 3 Positioning mechanism, 4 Shearing and forming mechanism (41 Roller), 5 Clamping mechanism (51 Hydraulic cylinder, 52 Pressure plate), 6 Fine adjustment mechanism (61 Hydraulic cylinder, 62 Wedge block), 7 Lower template (71 Lower template mounting ear), 8 Screw, 9 Worktable. Detailed Implementation

[0032] In practical implementation, this invention can be used in a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method for cutting edge sheet metal parts. It adopts a local progressive forming method to process cutting edge sheet metal parts, so that the edge of the sheet metal undergoes multiple plastic deformations (more than two hot forming or cold forming) in a single forming process, thereby obtaining cutting edge sheet metal parts with significantly refined microstructure.

[0033] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the multi-stage adjustable shearing and forming equipment for sheet metal parts with cutting edges of the present invention includes the following mechanical structure: upper template 1, motion execution mechanism 2, positioning mechanism 3, shearing and forming mechanism 4, clamping mechanism 5, fine adjustment mechanism 6, and lower template 7. The specific structure is as follows:

[0034] The upper template 1 and lower template 7 are arranged in a horizontally parallel manner. The upper template 1 is equipped with a clamping mechanism 5, which includes a hydraulic cylinder 51 and a pressure plate 52. The hydraulic cylinder 51 is installed on the upper template 1, and its output end is connected to the pressure plate 52. A horizontal extension plate 11 is provided on one side of the upper template 1. The extension plate 11 is connected to the lower template 7 by a connecting plate 12. A motion execution mechanism 2 is installed at the bottom of the extension plate 11. The motion execution mechanism 2 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 21, which is connected to a shearing and forming mechanism 4. A roller 41 is installed on the shearing and forming mechanism 4. The lower template 7 is equipped with a continuous fine-tuning mechanism 6 for the gap between the upper template 1 and the lower template 7. A positioning mechanism 3 is provided on the top worktable 9 of the fine-tuning mechanism 6 to realize the positioning of the bladed plate parts. After the pressure plate 52 of the clamping mechanism 5 clamps the bladed plate parts, the bladed plate parts are processed by the roller 41 of the shearing and forming mechanism 4.

[0035] The positioning mechanism 3 is installed on the workbench 9. The bottom surface of the workbench 9 is a wedge-shaped surface, and the top surface of the wedge block 62 is a wedge-shaped surface that is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench 9. The hydraulic cylinder 61 is connected to one side of the wedge block 62. The hydraulic cylinder 61 drives the wedge block 62 to complete the fine adjustment of the gap between the upper template 1 and the lower template 7. After the adjustment is completed, the gap between the upper template 1 and the lower template 7 is fixed by the locking device.

[0036] The locking device is provided with a screw rod 8 and a nut, and the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 7 are connected and fixed through the matched screw rod 8 and the nut, the upper die plate installation ears 13 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the upper die plate 1, the lower die plate installation ears 71 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the lower die plate 7, and the upper die plate installation ears 13 and the lower die plate installation ears 71 correspond to each other and are connected through the matched screw rod 8 and the nut.

[0037] The present application is based on the rolling forming principle, the motion execution mechanism 2 can perform reciprocating linear motion under the driving of the hydraulic cylinder 21, a group of different specifications of rollers 41 are installed on the shearing forming mechanism 4, the specifications of the rollers 41 increase in turn along the processing direction, and the rollers are all driven rollers; the pressing mechanism 5 is installed on the upper die plate 1 to ensure that the plate does not move during processing; the plate positioning mechanism 3 is installed on the lower die plate 7 to ensure the consistency of forming. In order to adapt to different plate thicknesses and shearing deformation, the continuous fine adjustment mechanism 6 is designed on the lower die plate 7 to realize the spacing adjustment of the upper die plate 1 and the lower die plate 7.

[0038] As shown in Figure 3 , the motion execution mechanism 2 is installed on the upper die plate 1 and can perform linear reciprocating motion under the driving of the hydraulic cylinder 21, the shearing forming mechanism 4 is installed on the motion execution mechanism 2, a group of different specifications of driven rollers 41 are installed on the shearing forming mechanism 4, the outer shape of the roller 41 is designed according to the specifications of the plate part with a blade, and the specifications of the rollers should increase in turn along the rolling direction. The shearing forming mechanism 4 completes the multi-stage (two stages or more) shearing forming of the plate part with a blade under the driving of the motion execution mechanism 2, the shearing forming process is a multi-stage adjustable progressive forming, the shearing deformation can be continuously adjusted according to actual needs, and the shearing processing of the blade plate part can be completed in a single pass.

[0039] As shown in Figure 4 , in order to ensure that the plate does not move during the multi-stage shearing forming process, the plate pressing mechanism 5 is designed, which is installed on the upper die plate 1, the pressing force of the pressing mechanism 5 is provided by the hydraulic cylinder 51, the pressing force can be accurately adjusted according to the plate material, thickness and process requirements, and at the same time, the surface quality of the part is not affected by the pressing force.

[0040] As shown in Figure 5 , in order to ensure the consistency of the forming of the plate with a blade, the plate positioning mechanism 3 is designed, which is a cylindrical pin (cylindrical positioning pin) arranged on the workbench 9, the plate part with a blade is positioned by the cylindrical pin, and the consistency of the plate forming is ensured.

[0041] As shown in Figure 6As shown, in order to adapt to the shearing and forming of multi-specification bladed plates, a fine-tuning mechanism 6 for the spacing between the upper template 1 and the lower template 7 is designed. The fine-tuning mechanism 6 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 61. The position of the wedge block 62 is adjusted by hydraulic drive to achieve the purpose of adjusting the spacing between the upper template 1 and the lower template 7, ensuring that the shearing and forming mechanism 4 can adapt to the shearing and forming of plates of different thicknesses and achieve fine-tuning of the shearing deformation of the plates. At the same time, in order to ensure the stability of the shearing and forming, the continuous fine-tuning mechanism is designed with a locking device.

[0042] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-stage adjustable shearing forming equipment and method for sheet metal parts with cutting edges, which is used for shearing sheet metal parts with cutting edges (…). Figure 1 When performing multi-stage adjustable shearing, the specific process is as follows:

[0043] The sheet metal is placed on the worktable 9 using manual or robotic feeding. It is positioned by cylindrical pins (cylindrical positioning pins). After positioning, pressing the clamping button on the PLC control panel activates the clamping mechanism 5 on the upper template 1 to clamp the sheet metal. Upon detecting the clamping completion signal, the control system presses the start button on the PLC control panel. The motion actuator 2 drives the shearing and forming mechanism 4 to perform multi-stage shearing and forming processing on the positioned sheet metal. The motion actuator 2 has both single-step and automatic operation modes. After processing, the motion actuator 2 can automatically return or be manually returned to its original position. When the motion actuator 2 returns to its original position, the clamping mechanism 5 is opened, and the formed sheet metal part with a cutting edge is removed. Depending on actual product requirements, single-sided processing of a single-sided wedge-shaped cutting edge, single-sided processing of a double-sided conical cutting edge, double-sided processing of a single-sided wedge-shaped cutting edge, and double-sided processing of a double-sided conical cutting edge can be achieved. Figure 1 ).

[0044] Furthermore, while the upper and lower templates of this invention are relatively parallel, they are not necessarily horizontally positioned and can be adjusted as needed. For example, they can be tilted simultaneously or even arranged vertically at the same time.

[0045] The results show that this invention is a localized progressive shearing forming method. The shear deformation of the formed part is continuously adjustable, the forming force is small, and the rollers can be easily combined. It can process sheet metal parts with single or double cutting edges, uniform and fine microstructure, and excellent performance. It can also be used for hot forming or cold forming of ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and composite materials. The multi-stage adjustable shearing forming method for sheet metal with cutting edges of this invention has advantages such as high forming efficiency, small equipment tonnage, and multi-stage adjustable shear deformation. The formed parts have uniform and fine microstructure and good performance.

Claims

1. A multi-stage adjustable shear-forming apparatus for a blade-edged sheet metal part, characterized by, The mechanical structure of the equipment comprises an upper die plate, a motion execution mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a shearing and forming mechanism, a pressing mechanism, a fine adjustment mechanism, and a lower die plate, and has the following specific structure: The upper die plate and the lower die plate are arranged in parallel, the pressing mechanism is installed on the upper die plate, the pressing mechanism is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the upper die plate, and a pressing plate is installed on the output end of the hydraulic cylinder; one side of the upper die plate is provided with an extension plate, the bottom of the extension plate is provided with the motion execution mechanism, the motion execution mechanism is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the shearing and forming mechanism, the shearing and forming mechanism is installed with a group of rollers of different specifications; the top of the lower die plate is provided with the gap continuous fine adjustment mechanism between the upper die plate and the lower die plate, the positioning mechanism is arranged on the workbench at the top of the fine adjustment mechanism, the positioning mechanism is used for positioning the plate part with a blade edge, and the pressing plate of the pressing mechanism is used for pressing the plate part with a blade edge after positioning; and the rollers of the shearing and forming mechanism are used for processing the plate part with a blade edge. The motion execution mechanism is installed on the upper die plate and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to realize linear reciprocating motion, the motion execution mechanism is connected with the shearing and forming mechanism through a flange, a group of driven rollers of different specifications are installed on the shearing and forming mechanism, the outer shape contour of the rollers is designed according to the specifications of the plate part with a blade edge, and the specifications of the rollers should be increased in turn along the rolling direction; the shearing and forming mechanism is driven by the motion execution mechanism to complete the multi-stage adjustable progressive shearing and forming of the plate part with a blade edge. The local progressive forming mode is used to realize the processing of the part with a blade edge, the edge of the plate is subjected to plastic deformation for multiple times in a single forming process, and the plate part with a blade edge with obviously refined microstructure is obtained. The positioning mechanism is installed on the workbench with the fine adjustment mechanism, the bottom surface of the workbench is a wedge surface, the top surface of the wedge block is in close contact with the bottom surface of the workbench, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the wedge block through a flange; the gap adjustment between the upper die plate and the lower die plate is realized through the fine adjustment mechanism, and the gap between the upper die plate and the lower die plate is fixed after the adjustment is completed through the locking device. The locking device is provided with a screw rod and a nut, the upper die plate and the lower die plate are connected and fixed through the matched screw rod and nut, the upper die plate mounting ears are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the upper die plate, the lower die plate mounting ears are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the lower die plate, and the upper die plate mounting ears and the lower die plate mounting ears are one-to-one corresponding and are connected through the matched screw rod and nut.

2. The multi-stage adjustable blanking apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The positioning mechanism adopts a cylindrical pin, the plate part with a blade edge is positioned through the cylindrical pin, and the consistency of plate forming is ensured.

3. The multi-stage adjustable blanking apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The control system takes PLC as the control core, has a man-machine interaction interface, accurately controls the forming parameters, realizes the precise forming of the plate part with a blade edge, increases the grating system in the control system, improves the safety protection function of the system, and ensures the safety of workers.

4. A multi-stage adjustable shear forming method of a blade-edged sheet part using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, The local progressive forming mode is used to realize the processing of the part with a blade edge, the edge of the plate is subjected to plastic deformation for multiple times in a single forming process, and the plate part with a blade edge with obviously refined microstructure is obtained.

5. The multi-stage adjustable blanking method of a blade-edged sheet metal part according to claim 4, wherein Based on the principle of rolling forming, the motion execution mechanism performs reciprocating linear motion under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder, a set of different specifications of rollers are installed on the shearing forming mechanism, the roller specifications increase in turn along the processing direction and the rollers are all driven rollers; the upper die plate is provided with a pressing mechanism to ensure that the plate does not move during processing; the lower die plate is provided with a plate positioning mechanism to ensure consistency of forming; in order to adapt to different plate thickness shearing deformation, a continuous fine adjustment mechanism is designed on the lower die plate to realize adjustment of the distance between the upper die plate and the lower die plate.

6. The multi-stage adjustable blanking method of a blade-edged sheet metal part according to claim 4, wherein When multi-stage adjustable shearing processing is performed on the blade edge plate parts, hot forming and cold forming of different material blade edge plate parts are realized.

7. The multi-stage adjustable blanking method of a blade-edged sheet metal part according to claim 6, wherein According to actual product requirements, single-sided processing single-sided forming wedge-shaped blade edge, single-sided processing double-sided forming conical blade edge, double-sided processing single-sided forming wedge-shaped blade edge or double-sided processing double-sided forming conical blade edge is realized.

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