System and method for adaptive charging of a battery system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present specification provide a system (100) and a method (600) for adaptive charging of a battery system (120) comprising a plurality of battery cells, the method (600) comprising: receiving a current value of at least one functional indicator representing a current state of each battery cell (S602); determining two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator from a look-up table of each battery cell based on the current value of the at least one functional indicator of the respective battery cell (S606); determining a current value of a charging parameter of the respective battery cell based on a value of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the look-up table (S608); charging the battery system according to the current value of the charging parameter determined for the respective battery cell (S612).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present specification relates to systems and methods for adaptive charging of a battery system, and more particularly, to systems and methods for adaptive charging of a battery system based on at least one functional indicator indicative of a current state of each battery cell in the battery system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Power can be provided by a power source such as a battery. A battery is a device composed of one or more electrochemical cells, which have external connections that can be used to power electrical devices such as mobile phones, light bulbs, and electric vehicles. When power is provided using a battery, the electrochemical cells generate electrical energy through a chemical reaction.

[0003] To provide sufficient power to drive large electrical devices such as electric vehicles, many battery cells are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a battery pack. The battery pack is one of the core components of an electric vehicle, and its safety is critical to the overall safety of the vehicle. After multiple discharge / charge cycles (e.g., all or part), the state of the battery pack, such as the state of health (SOH) of each battery cell, deteriorates significantly. Charging the battery pack with inappropriate charging parameters (e.g., charging current and / or charging voltage) can accelerate the degradation of the capacity (e.g., capacitance) of each battery cell and even cause safety problems.

[0004] Conventional charging schemes typically use preset charging parameters without considering the state and condition of the battery pack being charged. They also do not allow users to select charging parameters according to different charging preferences. For example, when time is limited, users can prefer fast charging (e.g., charging using a larger charging current), but in other cases, users prefer to protect the health of the battery pack (e.g., charging using a smaller charging current). However, in conventional charging schemes, the charging strategy is predetermined and cannot be modified according to the user's preference and / or the current state of the battery pack (e.g., the state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell). SUMMARY

[0005] Some embodiments of the specification provide a system for adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells. The system comprises a communication interface configured to receive current values indicative of at least one functional indicator of a current state of each battery cell. The system further comprises a memory storing a plurality of lookup tables for the plurality of battery cells, each lookup table specifying values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for a respective battery cell. The system further comprises at least one processor coupled to the communication interface and the memory. The at least one processor is configured to determine, from the lookup table for each battery cell, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator based on the current values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell. The at least one processor is further configured to determine a current value of the charging parameter for the respective battery cell based on the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table. The at least one processor is further configured to charge the battery system based on the current values of the charging parameter determined for the respective battery cells.

[0006] Some embodiments of the specification also provide a method of adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells. The method comprises receiving, by a communication interface, current values indicative of at least one functional indicator of a current state of each battery cell. The method further comprises determining, from a lookup table for each battery cell, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator based on the current values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell. The lookup table for each battery cell specifies values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell. The method further comprises determining a current value of the charging parameter for the respective battery cell based on the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table. The method further comprises charging the battery system based on the current values of the charging parameter determined for the respective battery cells.

[0007] Some embodiments of the specification further provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells. The method comprises receiving current values indicative of at least one functional indicator of a current state of each battery cell. The method further comprises determining, from a lookup table for each battery cell, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator based on the current values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell. The lookup table for each battery cell specifies values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell. The method further comprises determining a current value of the charging parameter for the respective battery cell based on the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table. The method further comprises charging the battery system based on the current values of the charging parameter determined for the respective battery cells.

[0008] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for adaptive charging of a battery system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description.

[0010] Figure 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary server for adaptive charging of a battery system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description.

[0011] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram for determining a current value of a charging parameter based on different charging modes, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description.

[0012] Figure 4 is an exemplary topological schematic diagram of a battery system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description.

[0013] Figure 5 is an exemplary module diagram of a battery charging system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description.

[0014] Figure 6 is an exemplary flowchart of a method for adaptive charging of a battery system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wherever possible, the same or like reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. Reference characters s denoted by an added prime symbol (‘) in any figure serve to indicate a similar element.

[0016] Embodiments of the present description provide systems and methods for adaptive charging of a battery system based on a current state of each battery cell within the battery system. In some embodiments, the battery system can be part of a vehicle, such as an electric vehicle. The battery system can be charged using charging parameters determined based on at least one current functional indicator (e.g., SOC and / or temperature) of each battery cell, a lookup table for the individual battery cells, and a selected charging mode (e.g., selected by a user). This enables the charging strategy to meet the needs and preferences of the user while taking into account the current state and condition of each battery and the health of the vehicle.

[0017] In some embodiments, the current state of charge of each battery cell can be represented by at least one functional indicator, which includes the SOC and temperature of the battery cell. The determined charging parameter can be the charging current. In some embodiments, the charging current of each battery cell can be adaptively determined based on a corresponding lookup table, and the charging current for charging the battery system can then be calculated based on the determined charging current of each battery cell. Each lookup table can specify values of the charging parameter of the respective battery cell corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator of the battery cell. The lookup table of each battery can be determined according to the vehicle conditions (e.g., vehicle mileage), the conditions of the battery (e.g., number of charge / discharge cycles), SOH, internal resistance and temperature of the battery, and the charging parameter used when the battery is in brand new state (e.g., SOH of 100), etc. In some embodiments, the battery SOH indicates the health level of the battery relative to its brand new state. SOH is a percentage, with 0% indicating complete damage and 100% indicating brand new.

[0018] When determining the current value of the charging parameter of each battery, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator can be determined from the lookup table of the battery cell, where the current value of the at least one functional indicator is within the range formed by the two discrete values. The current value of the charging parameter can be determined by manipulating the value of the charging parameter corresponding to the determined discrete values in the lookup table. In some embodiments, the lookup value of the charging parameter operates according to the charging mode, reflecting the user's preference (e.g., selected by the user) for charging the battery system. For example, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the larger value (e.g., in fast mode) or the smaller value (e.g., in protection mode) between the two lookup values of the charging parameter, or an interpolation of the two lookup values (e.g., in hosting mode).

[0019] Therefore, the charging parameter of the battery system can be determined based on the current state of the battery system (e.g., the SOC and / or temperature of each battery cell of the battery system) and the personal preference of the user (e.g., the selection of the charging mode).

[0020] In some embodiments, the lookup table can be updated periodically to better reflect the current state and conditions of the battery system. In some embodiments, the current value of the charging parameter can be dynamically adjusted periodically (e.g., at predetermined intervals) according to the state and conditions of the respective battery cells. This can further improve the charging performance while providing better protection for the battery system.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system 100 for adaptive charging of a battery system (hereinafter referred to as "system 100") according to some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 includes a battery system 102 and a charging device 104. The battery system 102 includes a plurality of battery cells 106, and the charging device 104 is configured to charge the battery system 102. The battery system 102 can be a battery system of a vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, etc. Figure 1As shown, the system 100 can include a vehicle 110 having a battery system 120, a charging station 130 for charging the battery system 120, and a server 140 for controlling the charging station 130 to adaptively charge the battery system 120 (e.g., generate charging parameters). In some embodiments, the server 140 can receive information about the conditions of the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120, and can determine boundary values of charging parameters corresponding to different states of individual battery cells in the battery system 120 based on look-up tables of the individual battery cells.

[0022] For each battery cell, the server 140 can receive information about the current state of charge of the battery cell, and determine a current value of the charging parameter of the battery cell based on the look-up table of the battery cell and a user-selected charging mode. The user-selected charging mode can determine how the current value of the charging parameter is determined based on the data looked up from the look-up table. The server 140 can then cause / instruct the charging station 130 to charge the battery system 120 using the determined current value of the charging parameter.

[0023] Consistent with some embodiments, the vehicle 110 can be an electric vehicle having an electric motor, or a hybrid vehicle including an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor. The vehicle 110 can be powered by the battery system 120, which includes a battery pack for providing power to the electric motor. The battery pack can have a plurality of battery cells in series and / or in parallel (to be described in detail below) to provide greater power output.

[0024] In some embodiments, the vehicle 110 can be charged at the charging station 130. In some embodiments, the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120 can be equipped with sensors (not shown) for detecting / measuring functional indicators, e.g., including charging data 102 indicative of the state of charge of each battery cell in the battery system 120, and status data 103 indicative of the health of the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120. In some embodiments, the sensors can include battery state sensor units, including, e.g., voltage sensors, current and / or temperature sensors, for measuring indicators of the battery cells of the battery system 120. In some embodiments, the sensors can also include vehicle condition assessment units, e.g., odometers, for measuring the health of the vehicle 110.

[0025] In some embodiments, the charging station 130 can be an infrastructure for providing electrical energy for charging of plug-in electric vehicles, including electric vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, in accordance with charging instructions 104 (e.g., including determined charging parameters) received from the server 140. The charging station 130 can charge multiple electric vehicles at the same time.

[0026] In some embodiments, the charging station 130 can be additionally equipped with sensors (not shown) for detecting / measuring charging parameters for controlling the charging of the battery system 120. For example, an electrical sensor (e.g., a current sensor) coupled with the charging station 130 can monitor the charging parameters (e.g., the charging current of each battery cell in the battery system 120), and thus, the charging parameters can be adjusted once the charging parameters deviate from the determined charging parameters received from the server 140 to some extent (e.g., the difference is greater than a threshold).

[0027] In some embodiments, the charging data 102 can include current functional indicators indicative of the current state of the battery cells. For example, the charging data 102 can include the temperature and SOC of each battery cell. The SOC of a battery indicates the charge level of the battery (e.g., battery cell or battery system 120) relative to its capacity. The SOC is a percentage, with 0% indicating an empty charge and 100% indicating a full charge. In some embodiments, the state data 103 can include the health of the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120. For example, the state data 103 can include information about the state of the vehicle 110, such as the mileage of the vehicle 110, information about the state of the battery cells, such as the number of charge and discharge cycles, SOH, internal resistance, and temperature of the battery cells, and the boundary values of the battery cell charging parameters when the battery cells are in a brand new state (e.g., SOH = 100), etc.

[0028] In some embodiments, the charging data 102 and the state data 103 can be stored in the memory and / or storage coupled to the sensors. For example, the charging data 102 and the state data 103 can be stored in *.xls, *.xlsx, *.csv, etc. formats. It should be understood that the format of storing the charging data 102 and the state data 103 is not limited to the formats disclosed in the present specification and can be modified for other charging purposes.

[0029] In some embodiments, the charging data 102 and the state data 103 can be uploaded to the server 140 in real time (e.g., through a transmission stream from the sensors to the server 140) or collectively after a period of time (e.g., every few seconds, every few minutes, etc.) through a network (not shown). In some embodiments, the network can be a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless network (e.g., radio waves), a cellular network, a satellite communication network, and / or a local or short-range wireless network (e.g., Bluetooth TMor near field communication (NFC)) for transmitting the charge related information of the battery system 120. In some other embodiments, the charge data 102 and the status data 103 can also be uploaded to the server 140 through a direct link (e.g., through a communication cable). For example, the server 140 can be an integral part of the battery system 120 or the vehicle 110, and can be electrically connected to the battery system 120 or the vehicle 110 to receive the data.

[0030] As described below in connection with Figure 2 The server 140 can generate the boundary values of the charging parameters of each battery cell based on the status data 103 and store the boundary values in the lookup table of each battery cell, as described below in connection with

[0031] In some embodiments, the system 100 can optionally include a display device (not shown) for displaying the candidate charging modes, e.g., for the user to select from. It is conceivable that the system 100 can include more or fewer components than those shown in Figure 1

[0032] Figure 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary server 140 for adaptive charging of the battery system 120 according to some embodiments of the present specification. Consistent with the disclosure herein, the server 140 can receive the charge data 102 and the status data 103, and can generate the charging instructions 104 including the current charging parameters determined for the charging station 130 to charge the battery system 120. Although the server 140 is shown as a physical standalone device as Figure 2 described below in connection with Figure 5 The lookup table can be determined by a server in a remote location in the cloud, and the rest of the functions can be implemented by a processor equipped on the vehicle 110 or the charging station 130, as described below in connection with

[0033] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 ​As shown, the server 140 can include a communication interface 202 and a processor 204. In some embodiments, the server 140 can also include a memory 206 and a storage 208. In some embodiments, the server 140 can have the different modules in a single device, such as an integrated circuit (IC) chip (implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)) or a separate device with a dedicated function. In some embodiments, one or more components of the server 140 can be located in a cloud computing environment, or can also be located in a single location or distributed locations. The components of the server 140 can be located in an integrated device or distributed in different locations but communicate with each other through a network (not shown).

[0034] The communication interface 202 can receive data (e.g., the charging data 102 and the status data 103) from the vehicle 110 or the battery system 120 and can send data (e.g., the charging instructions 104) to the charging station 130 through a communication cable, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless network (e.g., radio waves), a cellular network, a satellite communication link, and / or a local or short-range wireless network (e.g., Bluetooth TM ) or other communication methods. In some embodiments, the communication interface 202 can be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, a cable modem, a satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication connection. As another example, the communication interface 202 can be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links can also be implemented by the communication interface 202. In such implementations, the communication interface 202 can send and receive electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.

[0035] Consistent with some embodiments, the communication interface 202 can further provide the received data to the storage 208 for storage or to the processor 204 for processing. The communication interface 202 can also receive the charging instructions 104 generated by the processor 204 and provide the charging instructions 104 to the charging station 130.

[0036] Processor 204 may include any suitable type of general-purpose or special-purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor, or microcontroller. Processor 204 may be configured as a separate processor module dedicated to processing charging data 102 and status data 103. Alternatively, processor 204 may be configured as a shared processor module for performing other functions unrelated to the adaptive charging battery system 120. In some embodiments, charging data 102 and status data 103 may be processed separately in separate locations. For example, processor module 102 for processing charging data may be located on vehicle 110 or battery system 120, and processor module 103 for processing status data may be located at a remote location such as the cloud. This can save computing power and communication bandwidth of vehicle 110 for performing adaptive charging of battery system 120 disclosed herein.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, processor 204 may include multiple modules, such as a charging parameter boundary value determination unit 210, a charging parameter value range determination unit 212, a charging mode selection unit 214, a current charging parameter determination unit 216, etc. These modules (and any corresponding sub-modules or sub-units) may be hardware units of processor 204 (e.g., portions of integrated circuits), designed to be used in conjunction with other components or software units implemented by processor 204 by executing at least a portion of a program. This program may be stored on a computer-readable medium and, when executed by processor 204, may perform one or more functions. Although Figure 2 Units 210-216, all located within a single processor 204, are shown, but it is conceivable that these units could be distributed among multiple processors that are adjacent to or remote from each other.

[0038] After receiving charging data 102 and status data 103 from vehicle 110 or battery system 120, charging parameter boundary value determination unit 210 can generate boundary values ​​for the charging parameters based on the status data 103. The boundary values ​​for the charging parameters can be stored in a lookup table that maps the boundary values ​​to multiple discrete values ​​of at least one functional indicator for each battery cell. In some embodiments, the charging parameters may be charging current, and the functional indicators may include SOC and battery temperature.

[0039] For example, Table 1 shows an exemplary lookup table for battery cells (x, y) in a battery pack, indicating boundary values ​​for the charging current, corresponding to different values ​​for the state of charge (SOC) and temperature of the battery cell.

[0040]

[0041] Table 1

[0042] As shown in Table 1, the first row of Table 1 includes a series of discrete SOC values, for example, from 10 to 100. The first column of Table 1 includes a series of discrete values of operating temperature b, for example, from -30 to 30. Each data point (e.g., the value in each cell) of the lookup table in Table 1 represents a calculated boundary value of the maximum charging current for the corresponding SOC value and temperature value. For example, data point i xy-22 represents the maximum charging current value of the battery, corresponding to an SOC value of 20 and a battery temperature of -20°C.

[0043] Each data point of Table 1 can be determined based on the state data 103, which includes information about the conditions of the vehicle 110 (e.g., the mileage of the vehicle 110), information about the state of the battery, such as the number of completed charge-discharge cycles, SOH, the internal resistance and temperature of the battery when the battery is brand new (e.g., SOH = 100), and the charging current of the battery, etc.

[0044] For example, data point i xy-ab in Table 1 (e.g., the value in the a-th row and b-th column) can be determined according to Equation (1):

[0045] i xy-ab = f(MI, T c , SOH, R, T e , Inew xy ) (1)

[0046] where f is a function of a plurality of parameters, including MI (mileage of the vehicle 110), T (number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery), SOH (state of health of the battery), R (internal resistance R of the battery), T e (temperature of the battery), and Inew xy (boundary value of the charging parameter table when SOH = 100).

[0047] It is contemplated that any suitable functional indicator other than the battery SOC and the battery temperature can also be considered. The span of the discrete values in Table 1 is not limited to the example shown in the table. Other sizes of span or non-uniform span can be used in determining the charging parameters to provide a more accurate lookup function (e.g., for determining the range of values). For example, a smaller span of SOC and temperature can be used corresponding to more common operating scenarios, such as SOC of 20%-95% and temperature of 10°C-25°C.

[0048] In some embodiments, the charging parameter boundary value determining unit 210 can periodically update Table 1 for each battery cell based on changes in the state data 103 to better reflect the dynamic health of the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120. For example, Table 1 can be updated each time the SOH of a battery cell changes by a certain degree (e.g., a change greater than a predetermined threshold).

[0049] In some embodiments, the charging parameter value range determination unit 212 can determine the value range from a lookup table (e.g., Table 1) based on the charging data 102. For example, the charging data 102 can include current values of the functional indicators of each battery cell in the battery system 120 (e.g., the SOC and temperature of each battery cell). The value range can be determined in such a way that the current SOC and temperature of the battery cell provided by the charging data 102 falls within the value range. In some embodiments, the value range is defined by two data points in Table 1 as its upper and lower limits, respectively.

[0050] For example, in the battery cell (x, y) of Table 1, when the battery cell has current SOC and temperature values of (a1, b1) ∈ (a, b), (a’, b’), the battery cell can be identified with current SOC and temperature values of (a, b) and (a’, b’). (a, b) and (a’, b’) are two data points determined in Table 1, which are strictly adjusted to cover (a1, b1). For example, a and a’ are the closest temperature values in Table 1 that satisfy a1 ∈ (a, a’), and b and b’ are the closest SOC values in Table 1 that satisfy b1 ∈ (b, b’).

[0051] In some embodiments, the charging mode selection unit 214 can select a charging mode from a plurality of candidate charging modes. For example, the plurality of candidate charging modes can include a fast mode, a protection mode, and a hosting mode. Each charging mode specifies a different algorithm for processing the data points determined in Table 1 to determine the current value of the charging parameter. In some embodiments, the charging mode selection unit 214 can present the plurality of candidate charging modes on a display for selection by a user based on the user’s needs and / or preferences.

[0052] In some embodiments, the current charging parameter determination unit 216 can determine the current value of the charging parameter based on the selected charging mode. The current charging parameter determination unit 216 can operate on the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined data points in the lookup table according to the determination method associated with the selected charging mode.

[0053] For example, Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating determination of the current value of the charging parameter based on different charging modes according to embodiments of the present specification is shown. As shown in Figure 3 When the fast mode is selected, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the larger value between the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined data points. For example, the charging current of the battery can be determined as the larger value between the charging current values corresponding to the two determined data points. When the protection mode is selected, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the smaller value between the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined data points. For example, the charging current of the battery can be determined as the smaller value between the charging current values corresponding to the two determined data points. Confirmed. When the managed mode is selected, the current value of the charging parameters can be determined as an interpolation corresponding to the charging parameter values ​​at two defined data points. For example, this can be achieved by ignoring the effect of the temperature difference between the two defined discrete values ​​in Table 1 (e.g., ),pass Determine the battery's charging current.

[0054] It is foreseeable that the multiple candidate charging modes are not limited to those disclosed in this specification. Other suitable charging modes implementing other suitable methods for determining current charging parameters may also be provided for user selection. In some embodiments, the charging mode may be automatically selected by the server 140 based on the condition of the vehicle or battery system or circumstances related to a charging event, without user input.

[0055] In some embodiments, the total charging current for charging the battery system 120 can be determined based on the current charging current determined for each battery cell of the battery system 120 and the topology of the battery cell connections in the battery system 120. For example, Figure 4 This is an exemplary topology diagram of a battery system 120 according to some embodiments of this specification. Figure 4 As shown, the battery system 120 may include m battery packs connected in parallel, each battery pack including n battery cells connected in series. For example, the battery cells of the first battery pack include C11, C12, ..., C1n; the battery cells of the second battery pack include C21, C22, ..., C2n; and so on, with the battery cells of the m-th battery pack including Cm1, Cm2, ..., Cmn. In some embodiments, the charging current of the battery system 120 at a temperature of a℃ and a SOC of b can be determined as I. ab =n*min(I xy-ab ), where min(I xy-ab ) represents the minimum current charging current among all the current charging currents of all defined battery cells in battery system 120.

[0056] In some embodiments, the current charging parameter determination unit 216 can dynamically adjust the charging current of each battery cell based on periodically received measurements of the current values ​​of functional indicators of the battery cells (e.g., periodically measured charging data 102). The charging current of the battery system 120 can be updated accordingly. For example, the charging data 102 can be measured at predetermined intervals and sent to the server 140, and the current value of the charging current of each battery cell can be dynamically adjusted accordingly.

[0057] In some embodiments, the current charging parameter determination unit 216 may further generate a charging command 104 including a charging current for charging the battery system 120. The charging command enables the charging station 130 to charge the battery system 120 based on the current charging current determined by the server 140.

[0058] In some embodiments, server 140 may further include memory 206 and storage 208. Memory 206 and storage 208 may include any suitable type of mass storage for storing any type of information that processor 204 may need to process. Memory 206 and storage 208 may be volatile or non-volatile, magnetic, semiconductor, magnetic tape, optical, removable, non-removable, or other types of storage devices or tangible (i.e., non-transitory) computer-readable media, including but not limited to ROM, flash memory, dynamic RAM, and static RAM. Memory 206 and / or storage 208 may be configured to store one or more computer programs that can be executed by processor 204 to adaptively charge the battery system 120 disclosed herein. For example, memory 206 and / or storage 208 may be configured to store programs executable by processor 204 to generate a lookup table containing boundary values ​​of charging parameters, determine discrete values ​​in the lookup table based on the measured state and conditions of each battery cell in the battery system, determine the current charging parameters for each battery cell, and generate a battery system charging description.

[0059] Memory 206 and / or storage 208 can be further configured to store information and data used by processor 204. For example, memory 206 and / or storage 208 can be configured to store various types of data (e.g., charging data 102, status data 103, etc.). Memory 206 and / or storage 208 can also store intermediate data, such as lookup tables, current charging parameters determined for each battery cell, etc. Various types of data can be permanently stored, periodically deleted, or ignored immediately after processing certain data segments.

[0060] Figure 5 A block diagram of an exemplary battery charging system 500 according to an embodiment of this specification is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the battery charging system 500 may include an evaluation system 510, a battery system 520, and a charging station 530. In some embodiments, the evaluation system 510 may assess the health status of the vehicle and / or battery system, determine lookup tables, etc. For example, the evaluation system 510 may include... Figure 2 The charging parameter boundary value determination unit 210 is used to determine a lookup table based on the status data 103 received from the battery system 520.

[0061] Battery system 520 can be a vehicle (e.g., Figure 1part of the vehicle 110 in FIG. 1, and can include a battery management system (BMS) module, an interface module, and a battery pack. In some embodiments, the BMS can be configured to manage charging of the battery (e.g., determine charging parameters and generate charging instructions accordingly), and monitor the battery status. For example, the BMS module can include a charging parameter value range determination unit 212 and a current charging parameter determination unit 216 in FIG. 2 to determine the charging parameters of the battery pack and generate charging instructions accordingly. The interface module can be configured to allow a user to select a charging mode to charge the battery pack. For example, the interface module can cooperate with a charging mode selection unit 214 in FIG. 2 to allow the user to select a charging mode based on the user’s preference. The battery pack can be a battery pack 400 in FIG. 4. Figure 2 Figure 2 Figure 4

[0062] In some embodiments, the charging station 530 can receive charging instructions (e.g., the charging instructions 104) including the charging parameters of the battery pack in the battery system 520.

[0063] Figure 6 A flowchart of an exemplary method 600 for adaptive charging of a battery system 120 according to embodiments of the present specification is shown. In some embodiments, the method 600 can be implemented by the system 100 and / or 500. The method 600 can include steps S602-S612 as described below. It should be understood that some steps can be optional to perform the disclosure provided by the present specification. In addition, some steps can be performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown. Figure 6

[0064] In step S602, the server 140 can receive charging data (e.g., the charging data 102) associated with each battery cell in the battery system 120 and status data (e.g., the status data 103) associated with the vehicle 110 and the battery system 120. In some embodiments, the charging data 102 can include current values of at least one functional indicator. For example, the charging data 102 can include the temperature and SOC of each respective battery cell. In some embodiments, the status data 103 can include information about the status of the vehicle 110 (e.g., the mileage of the vehicle 110), information about the status of the individual battery cells, such as the number of charge-discharge cycles, SOH, internal resistance, and temperature of the battery cells, and the boundary values of the battery cell charging parameters when the battery cell is in a brand-new state (e.g., SOH = 100), etc.

[0065] In step S604, a lookup table for each battery cell can be determined based on the status data 103. For example, each lookup table can be determined according to the above formula (1). ​​​​

[0066] In step S606, two discrete values (e.g., two determined data points) of at least one functional indicator from the lookup table of each battery cell can be determined based on the charging data 102 of the battery cell. For example, in the battery cell (x, y) of Table 1, when the battery cell has current SOC and temperature values of (al, bl) e (a, b), (a', b'), the battery cell can be identified with current SOC and temperature values (a, b) and (a', b'). (a, b) and (a', b') are two data points determined in Table 1 that are strictly adjusted to encompass (al, bl). For example, a and a' are the closest temperature values in Table 1 that satisfy al e (a, a'), and b and b' are the closest SOC values in Table 1 that satisfy bl e (b, b').

[0067] In step S608, the current value of the charging parameter of each battery cell is determined based on the determined data points and the user-selected charging mode. In some embodiments, the charging mode can be selected from a fast mode, a protection mode, and a hosted mode. The charging parameter can be determined according to the selection of the charging mode. In one example, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the larger value between the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined data points in the fast mode. In another example, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the smaller value between the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined data points in the protection mode. In yet another example, the current value of the charging parameter can be determined as the interpolation of the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined data points in the hosted mode.

[0068] In step S610, the total value of the charging parameter of the battery system can be determined based on the current value of the charging parameter determined for each battery cell. For example, a battery system (e.g., the battery system 120) can have m battery packs in parallel, each battery pack including n battery cells in series. The charging parameter of such a battery system can be determined as ab = n * min(I xy-ab ), where min(J xy-qb ) represents the minimum current charging current determined for all battery cells (x, y) within the battery system having temperature a °C and SOC b.

[0069] In step S612, the server 140 generates charging instructions (e.g., the charging instructions 104) indicating the charging parameter of the battery system. In some embodiments, the charging instructions are provided to the charging station 130, where the battery system is charged according to the charging instructions.

[0070] In some embodiments, the method 600 can further include periodically updating the lookup table to better reflect the current health of the battery system and the operating environment. In some embodiments, the method 600 can further include dynamically adjusting the current values of the charging parameters based on periodically measuring the current state of the battery system (e.g., measuring the current values of the functional metrics of the individual battery cells at predetermined intervals). This can further improve the charging performance while providing better protection for the battery system.

[0071] Another aspect of the present specification relates to a non-transitory computer- readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the above-described methods. The computer-readable medium can include volatile or non-volatile, magnetic, semiconductor, tape, optical, removable, non-removable, or other types of computer- readable media or computer-readable storage devices. For example, the computer-readable medium can be a storage device or storage module having computer instructions stored thereon, as disclosed. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium can be a disk or flash drive having computer instructions stored thereon.

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed systems and related methods. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples of the disclosed systems and related methods.

[0073] The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, with the true scope of the application being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A system for adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells, comprising: a communication interface configured to receive current values of at least one functional indicator indicative of a current state of each battery cell; a memory to store a plurality of lookup tables for the plurality of battery cells, each lookup table specifying values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for a respective battery cell; and at least one processor coupled to the communication interface and the memory, the at least one processor configured to: determine, from the lookup table, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for each battery cell based on the current values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell; determine a current value of the charging parameter for the respective battery cell based on the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the determined discrete values in the lookup table; and charge the battery system based on the determined current values of the charging parameter for the respective battery cells; the communication interface is further configured to receive a selected charging mode, and the at least one processor is configured to process the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table according to the selected charging mode for determining the current value of the charging parameter for the respective battery cell.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, the at least one functional indicator of the battery system comprises at least one of a temperature of the battery cell or a state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein, the lookup table for each battery cell specifies values of the charging parameter for each set of discrete values of the state of charge (SOC) and the temperature.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein, the charging parameter is a charging current for charging the battery system.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, the current values of the at least one functional indicator are between the two determined discrete values.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein, the selected charging mode is a fast mode, the current value is determined as a larger one of the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein, the selected charging mode is a protection mode, the current value is determined as a smaller one of the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein, the selected charging mode is a hosting mode, the current value is determined based on an interpolation of the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein, the at least one processor is further configured to dynamically adjust the current value of the charging parameter for each battery cell based on periodically measured current values of the functional indicator for the respective battery cell.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein, the at least one processor is further configured to periodically update the lookup table for each battery cell based on a current state of each battery cell.

11. A method for adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells, comprising: receiving current values of at least one functional indicator indicative of a current state of each battery cell; determining, from a lookup table for each battery cell, two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator based on the current values of the at least one functional indicator for the respective battery cell, wherein the lookup table specifies values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator for a respective battery cell; determining a current value of a charging parameter for each battery cell based on the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table; and charging the battery system based on the current values of the charging parameter determined for each battery cell; the determining a current value of a charging parameter for each battery cell further includes processing the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table according to a selected charging mode.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, the at least one functional indicator of the battery system includes at least one of a temperature of the battery cell or a state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein, the lookup table for each battery cell specifies values of a charging parameter for each set of discrete values of the state of charge (SOC) and the temperature.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein, the charging parameter is a charging current used to charge the battery system.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein, the current value of the at least one functional indicator is between the two determined discrete values.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein, the method further includes dynamically adjusting the current value of the charging parameter for each battery cell based on periodically measured current values of the functional indicator of each battery cell.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein, the method further includes periodically updating the lookup table based on a current state of each battery cell.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for adaptive charging of a battery system comprising a plurality of battery cells, the method comprising: receiving a current value of at least one functional indicator indicative of a current state of each battery cell; determining two discrete values of the at least one functional indicator from a lookup table for each battery cell based on the current value of the at least one functional indicator of each battery cell, wherein the lookup table specifies values of a charging parameter corresponding to a plurality of discrete values of the at least one functional indicator of each battery cell; determining a current value of a charging parameter for each battery cell based on the charging parameter values corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table; and charging the battery system based on the current values of the charging parameter determined for each battery cell; the method further includes receiving a selected charging mode, and the determining a current value of a charging parameter for each battery cell further includes processing the values of the charging parameter corresponding to the two determined discrete values in the lookup table according to the selected charging mode.

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