Dynamic monitoring and dynamic response control method of aquifer for well construction

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers for well construction, and relates to the technical field of well construction. The method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers during well construction includes the following specific dynamic intelligent monitoring method steps: S1. Drill holes at fixed points to explore and release aquifers; S2. Perform waterproof and fixed treatment on the exploration and release holes; S3. Set sensors at fixed points to perform hydrological intelligent dynamic monitoring of underground aquifers; S4. Perform groundwater prevention and control according to needs; and also includes the following specific dynamic response control method steps: c1. Drain and reduce pressure; c2. Check and seal the poorly sealed holes; c3. Establish a prevention mechanism. By setting sensors at fixed points to perform hydrological intelligent dynamic monitoring of underground aquifers, and then perform groundwater prevention and control, it is convenient to make corresponding dynamic response control in time when draining and reducing pressure is adopted when the water flow in the aquifer changes drastically, so as to ensure the safety of underground production and eliminate the threat of water damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of well construction, and in particular to a method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers used in well construction. Background Art

[0002] At present, more than 90% of my country's coal production comes from underground mining. Coal mine shafts, as safe passages to ensure the transportation or lifting of personnel, equipment, materials, resources, etc., are the primary project for underground coal resource mining. When traditional construction methods are used to build coal mines, it is difficult to carry out disasters such as water discharge, sand burst, and shaft wall collapse due to the rich and loose strata. Therefore, at this stage, coal mine construction generally uses the special freezing well drilling method for construction. However, when the special freezing well drilling method is used, there are many people going down the mine, poor working environment, serious occupational injuries, and great construction difficulty. Therefore, the construction of mines with fewer people, safety, and greenness is an important demand and inevitable trend for the development of coal at this stage. Mine construction is referred to as well construction, which refers to well construction technology and equipment with self-sensing, self-learning, and self-decision-making functions. It is based on the 5G technology ecosystem, with intelligent control systems as the core and automated construction technology as the means. The entire operation process has the characteristics of real-time perception, holographic interconnection, intelligent control, and continuous optimization, realizing a safe and efficient well construction engineering technology management system with "many safety inspections and no on-site operations" during the construction process.

[0003] When constructing a well, the surface of some well fields, especially the Kekegai well field, is often covered by loose sediments of the Quaternary System. The interior is mainly composed of Neogene aeolian sand, Upper Pleistocene Salawusu Formation, and Middle and Lower Pleistocene loess. The strata exposed by the drilling are, from top to bottom, the Luohe Formation of the Lower Cretaceous System, the Anding Formation of the Middle Jurassic System, the Zhiluo Formation, and the Yan'an Formation; the Luohe Formation of the Cretaceous System is an indirect aquifer with medium or strong water-richness, and the Zhiluo Formation is a fractured confined aquifer with weak water-richness. Therefore, when constructing a well, it is often necessary to make certain dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control for the address aquifer. At the same time, in order to maintain the long-term stability of the wellbore during the construction and operation period during the vertical shaft excavation, it is necessary to prevent the groundwater and confined water of the aquifer from flowing into the wellbore along the pores and fractures or rushing into the wellbore with quicksand to cause diameter reduction and well collapse accidents. However, the current insufficient water prevention and control capabilities for the complex geological conditions in the west cannot meet the needs of wellbore excavation. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers for well construction, which solves the problem that when the water flow in the aquifer changes drastically during well construction, relevant data cannot be obtained in time, underground production safety cannot be ensured, and the threat of water damage cannot be eliminated.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A dynamic intelligent monitoring method for aquifers for well construction, comprising the following specific implementation steps:

[0008] S1. Drill holes at designated locations for aquifer exploration: select a wide area near the well construction site to ensure that there are no signs of water in the surrounding area, that is, the drilling site should be located in a safe location far away from the water accumulation point. After taking reinforcement measures, check the tunnel support and ventilation conditions at the drilling rig installation site to ensure that the tunnel support and ventilation conditions are in good safety conditions, install the drilling rig steadily and firmly, and start drilling according to the drilling azimuth and inclination angle specified in the design and according to the precautions;

[0009] S2. Waterproof and fix the exploration and release boreholes in the aquifer: For the fixed exploration and release boreholes, carry out groundwater pumping, grouting and advanced pipe-roofing operations in sequence to ensure the fixation of the boreholes, and then use inclined shaft excavation technology to pass through the aquiferous and impermeable strata. Under the premise of safety assurance, by using the transparent geological model of advanced detection and GIS geological information, the water body and unfavorable geological body in front of the excavation of the open full-section tunnel boring machine in multi-physical fields can be accurately predicted in advance. Hydrological safety assurance monitoring is carried out on the pore groundwater of the Quaternary loose layer in key aquifer sections, the pore and fissure aquifer of the Luohe Formation in the Lower Cretaceous System, the fissure and pressure-bearing water of the clastic rock of the Yan'an Formation in the Jurassic System, and key areas with structural development, as well as intelligent early warning linkage, to ensure the safe advancement of the excavation process of the full-section tunnel boring machine;

[0010] S3. Set sensors at fixed points to conduct intelligent dynamic monitoring and processing of hydrology in underground aquifers: Place multiple sensors of measured physical quantities into underground aquifers through exploration and drilling, and combine sensors with ground central station, underground industrial Ethernet ring network, mining optical terminal, underground monitoring substation and underground explosion-proof power supply to form a real-time hydrological detection system, which can detect water volume, water pressure and water temperature in real time. With the help of Internet of Things, intelligent perception, big data, 5G technology, simulation technology and cloud computing technology, control feedback perception, multi-action coordination, analysis and calculation, and intelligent decision-making operations of well construction equipment and surrounding rock stability can be carried out under complex geological conditions;

[0011] S4. According to the water control needs of well construction through inclined wells passing through aquifers, the real-time hydrological detection system is used to understand the water gushing rules of different aquifers and the hydraulic connection rules of different layers, forming a groundwater control guarantee system. In view of the excessive water pressure caused by hydraulic connection behind the wall in the case of long distance and great burial depth, groundwater control is carried out by surface precipitation, segmented pumping and drainage, grouting to stop water in the sprayed anchor support section, and drainage and pressure reduction.

[0012] Preferably, the specific operation steps of the safety assurance measures for inclined shaft excavation in step S2 include:

[0013] a1. Take grouting and water blocking measures for local strata to reinforce the surrounding rock around the wellbore, increase the strength of the surrounding rock, reduce water permeability, and control water dripping from the roof;

[0014] a2. Place the pump as close as possible to the inclined shaft excavation working face. At the same time, when designing the drainage system, it should be designed to be no less than twice the maximum water inflow and configured with dual power supplies to ensure the safety of the drainage system.

[0015] Preferably, in the S2 step, when the inclined shaft passes through the fully weathered or strongly weathered Luohe Formation strata and the stratum unconformity contact zone, if a sudden water gushing is encountered, the belt conveyor is removed, the warehouse door is closed, and the operation is changed to the spiral excavator to reinforce the stratum ahead before excavation.

[0016] Preferably, the real-time hydrological detection system in step S3 is mainly composed of sensors and execution equipment, a data transmission system, and a data processing system.

[0017] Preferably, the dynamic response control method of the dynamic intelligent monitoring method of aquifer for well construction includes the following specific operation steps:

[0018] b1. Drainage and pressure reduction: Under the premise of implementing safety measures, increase the number of drainage holes, increase the length of the bare hole section of the aquifer to improve the drainage effect, shorten the roof drainage time, improve the drainage efficiency, arrange drainage and pressure reduction projects, drain part of the aquifer water before the working face is recovered, ensure the safety of the working face recovery, and at the same time, drain and reduce the pressure through artificial drainage projects to reduce the water pressure to within the safety critical water pressure, reduce the peak water volume, and eliminate the threat of water damage;

[0019] b2. Check and seal the poorly sealed boreholes: Under the premise that the operation under safety conditions is completed, the new boreholes and the previously poorly sealed boreholes are checked and sealed before the working face is recovered. At the same time, advance detection is strengthened, and attention is paid to the water dripping around the tunnels. Water exploration and drainage measures are taken to ensure the safety of underground production;

[0020] b3. Establish a prevention mechanism: Establish a prevention mechanism when disastrous weather occurs to avoid large numbers of casualties caused by natural disasters.

[0021] Preferably, the safety measures in step b1 specifically include the following steps:

[0022] c1. Review the original water accumulation data, determine the water discharge volume and the number of discharge holes, further adjust the drainage capacity, set up temporary water tanks, and clean up the water tanks and ditches;

[0023] c2. Set up weir plates, assign dedicated personnel to monitor the subsequent water release, and record the water release volume to facilitate timely handling of abnormalities;

[0024] c3. Strengthen ventilation at the water discharge site and increase the number of harmful gas detections.

[0025] Preferably, the safety condition operation in step b2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] d1. Before the construction of underground tunnels, the data of the boreholes that may be affected in the first mining area shall be reviewed to fully understand the sealing conditions of the boreholes. For boreholes with unclear or ambiguous data, they shall be treated as potential safety hazards;

[0027] d2. During the mining of tunnel excavation and working face, all personnel in the area that may be threatened by water disasters shall be evacuated when they are 20-30m away from the borehole, and sufficient sealing materials and drainage equipment shall be prepared at the work site to drain water immediately when there is water, and then the exploration and drainage work shall be carried out to ensure the safety of construction;

[0028] d3. Directly pass the water exploration borehole through the borehole. After passing through the borehole, if water gushes out, let the water be discharged along the borehole. At the same time, immediately start the drainage pump to pump out the water, and have a dedicated person observe the changes in the water. If the amount of water gushing out increases within 3 hours, it means that the borehole is connected to the aquifer or surface water source. Then report the situation step by step, and immediately start the disaster prevention and control plan for discussion and processing.

[0029] Preferably, the specific operation steps of step b3 include:

[0030] e1. Strengthen dispatching and inspection work during the rainy season, take the initiative to contact meteorological, water conservancy and flood control departments for water quality disaster warning, grasp the information of rainstorm and flood disasters that may endanger the safe production of coal mines, pay close attention to the forecast and warning information of disastrous weather, grasp the flood situation and water conditions, take timely and proactive measures, and communicate information with neighboring mines. When abnormal conditions occur in the mine, immediately warn the neighboring mines;

[0031] e2. Conduct inspections of the mine area and surrounding coal mines, ground collapse pits, mining fissures, and reservoirs, ditches, rivers, culverts, and embankment projects that may affect mine safety;

[0032] e3. Observe the changes in the amount of water inflow from the mine and establish a system for timely evacuation of personnel in the event of major water hazards.

[0033] (III) Beneficial effects

[0034] The present invention provides a method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers for well construction, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention conducts aquifer exploration and release through fixed-point drilling, performs waterproof and fixed treatment on the aquifer exploration and release drilling holes, sets sensors at fixed points to conduct intelligent dynamic monitoring and processing of the hydrology of the underground aquifer, and performs corresponding groundwater prevention and control treatment according to the water prevention and control needs of well construction through the aquifer through the inclined well. With the help of the Internet of Things, intelligent perception, big data, 5G technology, simulation technology, and cloud computing technology, mutual feedback perception, multi-action coordination, analysis and calculation, and intelligent decision-making operations between well construction equipment and surrounding rock stability control are carried out under complex geological conditions, forming intelligent perception and intelligent regulation of fully mechanized well construction, thereby ensuring the underground safety of well construction.

[0036] 2. The present invention adopts hydrophobic pressure reduction when the water flow in the aquifer changes drastically, seals the bad boreholes for inspection and sealing, and establishes a preventive mechanism to achieve dynamic response control of the aquifer during well construction, thereby ensuring underground production safety, eliminating the threat of water disasters, and avoiding large numbers of casualties caused by natural disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic comparison table of geological conditions of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for comparing geological conditions of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the implementation steps of the dynamic intelligent monitoring of aquifers of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example:

[0042] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for dynamic intelligent monitoring and dynamic response control of aquifers for well construction, including the following specific implementation steps:

[0043] S1. Drill holes at designated locations for aquifer exploration: Due to the obvious unevenness of the burial, distribution and hydrodynamic conditions of bedrock fissure water, it is generally necessary to explore the water volume, water pressure, water temperature, and water source of the aquifer to ensure the safe and normal lowering of the aquifer dynamic intelligent monitoring sensor before it can be managed. Therefore, a wide area near the well construction site is selected to ensure that there are no signs of water outflow around, that is, the drilling site is located in a safe location far away from the water accumulation point. After taking reinforcement measures, check the tunnel support and ventilation conditions of the drilling rig installation site to ensure that the tunnel support and ventilation conditions are in good safety condition, install the drilling rig steadily and firmly, and start drilling according to the precautions based on the drilling rig orientation and inclination specified in the design;

[0044] S2. Waterproof and fix the exploration and release boreholes in the aquifer: For the fixed exploration and release boreholes, carry out groundwater pumping, grouting and advanced pipe-roofing operations in sequence to ensure the fixation of the boreholes. Then, use the inclined shaft excavation technology to pass through the aquiferous and water-blocking strata. Under the premise of safety guarantee, by using the transparent geological model of advanced detection and GIS geological information, the multi-physical field TBM full-section tunnel boring machine can accurately predict the water body and unfavorable geological body in front of the excavation. The Quaternary loose layer holes in the key aquifer section are Hydrological safety monitoring is carried out in key areas of tectonic development, such as the pore-fissure confined water of the Luohe Formation in the Lower Cretaceous System, the fissure confined water of the clastic rock of the Yan'an Formation in the Jurassic System, and intelligent early warning linkage, so as to achieve safe advancement of the tunneling process of the full-section tunnel boring machine. Advanced detection is a necessary geological safety guarantee for shaft and tunnel excavation. A series of key technical problems need to be solved for long-distance inclined shafts that may pass through special unfavorable geological areas such as loose surrounding rock, soft rock deformation, fault fracture zone, rich strata, high water pressure, and harmful gas;

[0045] S3. Set sensors at fixed points to conduct intelligent dynamic monitoring and processing of hydrology in underground aquifers: Place multiple sensors of measured physical quantities into underground aquifers through exploration and drilling, and combine sensors with ground central station, underground industrial Ethernet ring network, mining optical terminal, underground monitoring substation and underground explosion-proof power supply to form a real-time hydrological detection system, which can detect water volume, water pressure and water temperature in real time. With the help of Internet of Things, intelligent perception, big data, 5G technology, simulation technology and cloud computing technology, control feedback perception, multi-action coordination, analysis and calculation, and intelligent decision-making operations of well construction equipment and surrounding rock stability can be carried out under complex geological conditions;

[0046] S4. According to the water control needs of well construction under the inclined shaft through the aquifer, the real-time hydrological detection system is used to grasp the water gushing rules of different aquifers and the hydraulic connection rules of different layers, forming a groundwater control guarantee system. In particular, for the excessive water pressure caused by hydraulic connection behind the wall in the case of long distance and great burial depth, it is necessary to adopt groundwater prevention and control measures such as surface precipitation, segmented drainage, grouting and water stopping in the anchor support section, and drainage and pressure reduction. According to the geological survey data and actual excavation parameters, a dynamic evaluation model of the excavability of the surrounding rock is established. With the help of AI technology, the Internet of Things and remote efficient video monitoring technology, a full-section tunnel boring machine excavation equipment operation status monitoring system is developed, which can realize the status of the belt conveyor system, the highly mechanized and automated operation of the anchor spraying net support, steel frame support or segment assembly on site, as well as the monitoring of multi-action and multi-function areas such as the advancement speed, excavation status, and cutter head speed; at the same time, by scanning the effective cross-sectional contour of the wellbore, the image signal is fed back in real time, and a broken surrounding rock classification and landslide classification method is constructed to realize intelligent identification of tunnel landslide types and online real-time early warning.

[0047] Due to the use of double-shield full-section tunnel boring machines for excavation, the earth pressure balance shield mode can be used for excavation construction in soft rock and water-rich sections, and the pipe segments can be supported. At the same time, grouting and filling behind the pipe segment wall and pressure relief holes are designed to form water-proof and waterproof pressure relief measures, which can ensure the smooth excavation of the full-section tunnel boring machine unit in soft rock and water-rich strata. The following measures can be taken for the water pressure resistance design of the pipe segments in water-rich strata in strongly weathered zones:

[0048] g1. Drain holes are reserved in the pipe segments and pressure relief valves are installed. When the water pressure exceeds 0.5MPa, the water stop valve automatically opens to release the pressure, thus eliminating the damage to the pipe segments caused by high water pressure.

[0049] g2. Water-stopping is carried out in sections every 45m. A waterproof layer is formed behind the segment wall using pea gravel + waterproof ring + supplementary grouting to avoid continuous transmission of formation water pressure and prevent the formation of high water pressure.

[0050] g3. Grouting water blocking measures are adopted in local strata to reinforce the surrounding rock around the shaft, increase the surrounding rock strength and reduce water permeability. The water-rich strata of Luohe Formation in Xiaojihan Coal Mine were successfully controlled by injecting BASF nano-grouting materials to control the water dripping from the roof. This experience can be promoted and used.

[0051] By focusing on the key technologies and process difficulties of full-section tunnel boring machines for main and auxiliary inclined shafts with long distances and deep burial depths in water-rich and soft strata, a special open full-section tunnel boring machine equipment suitable for inclined shaft excavation in Kekegai Coal Mine was developed; the large-scale excavation method of loose surface strata was used to successfully realize the start of the full-section tunnel boring machine excavation equipment, and the interaction between the shaft wall and the confining pressure and the disturbance of the loose layer by large construction machinery were solved, which would cause insufficient bearing capacity and unstable structure of unstable strata, easily cause shaft wall collapse, shaft shrinkage and foundation instability; the grouting performance of weakly cemented strata is poor, and it is easy to soften, muddy and disintegrate when exposed to water, and is prone to accidents such as roof falls, bottom drums and collapses.

[0052] The precautions for fixed-point drilling in step S1 include:

[0053] a1. When drilling, pay attention to identifying the changes in the thickness of coal and rock layers and record the depth of layer change. Generally, every time you drill 10m or change the drilling tools, measure the drill rod and verify the hole depth. Check it again before finishing the hole to prevent water damage caused by incorrect hole depth;

[0054] a2. When harmful gas is found to be ejected during drilling, ventilation should be strengthened and the borehole should be sealed with yellow mud or wooden plugs. If it cannot be handled, work should be stopped immediately, power should be cut off, and personnel should be evacuated to the ventilation lane;

[0055] a3. If there is a low-lying section prone to water accumulation in the tunnel for exploration and drainage, it is necessary to use drainage equipment to clean the tunnel and hang cables and pipes. Before drilling construction, ensure that the drainage line is unobstructed, the water tank, water pump, and drainage pipeline are intact and can operate normally;

[0056] a4. During the drilling process, monitor the water discharge from the borehole, measure the water volume, and keep records. When the water volume suddenly increases, use the gate valve to control the water volume or close the gate valve, and notify the dispatching room by phone to promptly evacuate the workers in the area that may be threatened by water damage;

[0057] a5. If the coal rock is found to be soft, flaky, or under pressure during drilling, or if the water pressure during drilling suddenly increases, stop excavation immediately and check the pressure in the hole without pulling out the drill rod. If the pressure in the hole is very high, the drill rod should be fixed immediately using the orifice blowout preventer and report to the dispatch room immediately. If an emergency occurs and there is no time to pull out the drill rod, the orifice blowout preventer should be used to leave the remaining drill rod in the borehole, or the drill rod should be cut off and the gate valve should be closed to stop the water to prevent more serious accidents.

[0058] The safety measures for inclined shaft excavation in step S2 include:

[0059] b1. Take grouting and water blocking measures in local strata to strengthen the surrounding rock around the wellbore, increase the strength of the surrounding rock, reduce water permeability, and control water dripping from the roof;

[0060] b2. Place the pump as close as possible to the inclined shaft excavation working face to facilitate drainage. At the same time, when designing the drainage system, design it according to no less than twice the maximum water inflow and configure it with dual power supplies to ensure the safety of the drainage system;

[0061] b3. When the inclined shaft passes through the fully weathered or strongly weathered Luohe Formation strata and the unconformity contact zone of the strata, there may be undetected pore water flowing into the warehouse. At this time, if a sudden water inrush occurs, the belt conveyor should be immediately dismantled, the warehouse door should be closed, and the spiral excavator should be used instead. If necessary, the stratum ahead should be reinforced before excavation.

[0062] The real-time hydrological detection system in step S3 is mainly composed of sensors and execution equipment, data transmission system, and data processing system.

[0063] The specific steps are as follows:

[0064] c1. Drainage and pressure reduction: In order to prevent the drainage boreholes from forming water channels for the roof sandstone fissure aquifer water during the mining process of the working face, these boreholes should be closed in time after the static reserves of the aquifer are completely drained. Under the premise of implementing safety measures, the number of drainage holes and the length of the bare hole section of the aquifer are increased to improve the drainage effect, shorten the roof drainage time, improve the drainage efficiency, arrange drainage and pressure reduction projects, and drain part of the aquifer water in advance before the mining of the working face to ensure the safety of the mining of the working face. At the same time, drainage and pressure reduction are carried out through artificial drainage projects to reduce the water pressure to within the safety critical water pressure, reduce the peak water volume, and eliminate the threat of water damage;

[0065] c2. Check and seal the poorly sealed boreholes: Under the premise of being in safe conditions, check and seal the new boreholes and the previously poorly sealed boreholes before the working face is mined. At the same time, strengthen advance detection, pay attention to the water dripping around the tunnel, and take water exploration and release measures to ensure the safety of underground production;

[0066] c3. Establish a prevention mechanism: Establish a prevention mechanism when disastrous weather occurs to avoid large numbers of casualties caused by natural disasters.

[0067] The safety measures in step c1 specifically include the following steps:

[0068] d1. After detecting water accumulation or water pressure, the original water accumulation data should be reviewed, the water discharge volume and the number of discharge holes should be determined, the drainage capacity should be further adjusted, temporary water tanks should be set up, and the water tanks and ditches should be cleaned;

[0069] d2. Set up weir plates, assign special personnel to monitor the water discharge and record the water discharge volume to facilitate timely handling of abnormalities;

[0070] d3. Strengthen ventilation at the water discharge site and increase the number of harmful gas detections;

[0071] d4. Immediately after the water discharge is completed, calculate the error between the discharged water volume and the expected water accumulation volume, find out the cause, so as to prevent residual water accumulation.

[0072] The safety conditions in step c2 specifically include the following steps:

[0073] e1. Before the construction of underground tunnels, the borehole data that may be affected in the first mining area shall be reviewed to fully understand the sealing conditions of the boreholes. For boreholes with unclear or ambiguous data, they must be treated as "poorly sealed boreholes" and handled as potential safety hazards;

[0074] e2. During tunnel excavation and face mining, water exploration and drainage work must be carried out at 30m away from the borehole to ensure construction safety. Before the water exploration and drainage work, sufficient sealing materials and drainage equipment must be prepared at the work site to drain water immediately when there is water. At the same time, all people in the area that may be threatened by water disasters must be evacuated before the water exploration and drainage work can be carried out;

[0075] e3. The construction must be done with accurate calculations, and the water exploration borehole must be placed directly through the borehole. After passing through the borehole, if water gushes out, the drill rod must not be pulled out to allow the water to drain along the borehole. At this time, the drainage pump must be started immediately to pump out the water, and a dedicated person must observe the changes in the water. If the amount of water gushing out increases within 3 hours, it means that the borehole is connected to the aquifer or surface water source. At this time, it must be reported step by step, and the disaster prevention and control plan must be immediately started for discussion and processing;

[0076] e4. During excavation near the goaf, if there is any phenomenon such as "sweating", cooling or water gushing from the bottom plate in the tunnel, water exploration should be carried out. If the water pressure in the goaf is high, it should be sealed and intercepted in time to avoid flooding accidents.

[0077] The specific steps of step c3 include:

[0078] f1. Strengthen dispatching and inspection work during the rainy season, take the initiative to contact meteorological, water conservancy and flood control departments for water quality disaster warning, grasp the information of rainstorm and flood disasters that may endanger the safe production of coal mines, pay close attention to the forecast and warning information of disastrous weather, grasp the flood situation and water conditions, take timely and proactive measures, and communicate information with neighboring mines. When abnormal conditions occur in the mine, immediately warn the neighboring mines;

[0079] f2. Conduct inspections of the mine field and surrounding coal mines, ground collapse pits, mining fissures, and reservoirs, ditches, rivers, culverts, and embankment projects that may affect mine safety;

[0080] f3. Keep an eye on changes in the amount of water inflow from the mine and establish a system for timely evacuation of personnel in the event of major water hazards.

[0081] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dynamic intelligent monitoring method for aquifers used for well construction, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps include the following: S1. Drill holes at designated locations for aquifer exploration: select a wide area near the well construction site to ensure that there are no signs of water in the surrounding area, that is, the drilling site should be located in a safe location far away from the water accumulation point. After taking reinforcement measures, check the tunnel support and ventilation conditions at the drilling rig installation site to ensure that the tunnel support and ventilation conditions are in good safety conditions, install the drilling rig steadily and firmly, and start drilling according to the drilling azimuth and inclination angle specified in the design and according to the precautions; S2. Waterproof and fix the exploration and release boreholes in the aquifer: For the fixed exploration and release boreholes, carry out groundwater pumping, grouting and advanced pipe-roofing operations in sequence to ensure the fixation of the boreholes, and then use inclined shaft excavation technology to pass through the aquiferous and impermeable strata. Under the premise of safety assurance, by using the transparent geological model of advanced detection and GIS geological information, the water body and unfavorable geological body in front of the excavation of the open full-section tunnel boring machine in multi-physical fields can be accurately predicted in advance. Hydrological safety assurance monitoring is carried out on the pore groundwater of the Quaternary loose layer in key aquifer sections, the pore and fissure aquifer of the Luohe Formation in the Lower Cretaceous System, the fissure and pressure-bearing water of the clastic rock of the Yan'an Formation in the Jurassic System, and key areas with structural development, as well as intelligent early warning linkage, to ensure the safe advancement of the excavation process of the full-section tunnel boring machine; S3. Set sensors at fixed points to conduct intelligent dynamic monitoring and processing of hydrology in underground aquifers: Place multiple sensors of measured physical quantities into underground aquifers through exploration and drilling, and combine sensors with ground central station, underground industrial Ethernet ring network, mining optical terminal, underground monitoring substation and underground explosion-proof power supply to form a real-time hydrological detection system, which can detect water volume, water pressure and water temperature in real time. With the help of Internet of Things, intelligent perception, big data, 5G technology, simulation technology and cloud computing technology, control feedback perception, multi-action coordination, analysis and calculation, and intelligent decision-making operations of well construction equipment and surrounding rock stability can be carried out under complex geological conditions; S4. According to the water control needs of well construction through inclined wells passing through aquifers, the real-time hydrological detection system is used to understand the water gushing rules of different aquifers and the hydraulic connection rules of different layers, forming a groundwater control guarantee system. In view of the excessive water pressure caused by hydraulic connection behind the wall in the case of long distance and great burial depth, groundwater control is carried out by surface precipitation, segmented pumping and drainage, grouting to stop water in the sprayed anchor support section, and drainage and pressure reduction.

2. The method for dynamic intelligent monitoring of aquifers for well construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the safety guarantee measures for inclined shaft excavation in step S2 include: a1. Take grouting and water blocking measures for local strata to reinforce the surrounding rock around the wellbore, increase the strength of the surrounding rock, reduce water permeability, and control water dripping from the roof; a2. Place the pump as close as possible to the inclined shaft excavation working face. At the same time, when designing the drainage system, it should be designed to be no less than twice the maximum water inflow and configured with dual power supplies to ensure the safety of the drainage system.

3. The method for dynamic intelligent monitoring of aquifers for well construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, when the inclined shaft passes through the fully weathered or strongly weathered Luohe Formation strata and the stratum unconformity contact zone, if a sudden water inrush is encountered, the belt conveyor is removed, the warehouse door is closed, and the spiral excavator is used instead to reinforce the stratum ahead before excavation.

4. The method for dynamic intelligent monitoring of aquifers for well construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The real-time hydrological detection system in step S3 is mainly composed of sensors and execution equipment, a data transmission system, and a data processing system.

5. The dynamic response control method of the dynamic intelligent monitoring method of aquifer for well construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: b1. Drainage and pressure reduction: Under the premise of implementing safety measures, increase the number of drainage holes, increase the length of the bare hole section of the aquifer to improve the drainage effect, shorten the roof drainage time, improve the drainage efficiency, arrange drainage and pressure reduction projects, drain part of the aquifer water before the working face is recovered, ensure the safety of the working face recovery, and at the same time, drain and reduce the pressure through artificial drainage projects to reduce the water pressure to within the safety critical water pressure, reduce the peak water volume, and eliminate the threat of water damage; b2. Check and seal the poorly sealed boreholes: Under the premise that the operation under safety conditions is completed, the new boreholes and the previously poorly sealed boreholes are checked and sealed before the working face is recovered. At the same time, advance detection is strengthened, and attention is paid to the water dripping around the tunnels. Water exploration and drainage measures are taken to ensure the safety of underground production; b3. Establish a prevention mechanism: Establish a prevention mechanism when disastrous weather occurs to avoid large numbers of casualties caused by natural disasters.

6. The dynamic response control method of the dynamic intelligent monitoring method of aquifer for well construction according to claim 5 is characterized by: The safety measures in step b1 specifically include the following steps: c1. Review the original water accumulation data, determine the water discharge volume and the number of discharge holes, further adjust the drainage capacity, set up temporary water tanks, and clean up the water tanks and ditches; c2. Set up weir plates, assign dedicated personnel to monitor the subsequent water release, and record the water release volume to facilitate timely handling of abnormalities; c3. Strengthen ventilation at the water discharge site and increase the number of harmful gas detections.

7. The dynamic response control method of the dynamic intelligent monitoring method of aquifer for well construction according to claim 5 is characterized by: The safety condition operation in step b2 specifically includes the following steps: d1. Before the construction of underground tunnels, the data of the boreholes that may be affected in the first mining area shall be reviewed to fully understand the sealing conditions of the boreholes. For boreholes with unclear or ambiguous data, they shall be treated as potential safety hazards; d2. During the mining of tunnel excavation and working face, all personnel in the area that may be threatened by water disasters shall be evacuated when they are 20-30m away from the borehole, and sufficient sealing materials and drainage equipment shall be prepared at the work site to drain water immediately when there is water, and then the exploration and drainage work shall be carried out to ensure the safety of construction; d3. Directly pass the water exploration borehole through the borehole. After passing through the borehole, if water gushes out, let the water be discharged along the borehole. At the same time, immediately start the drainage pump to pump out the water, and have a dedicated person observe the changes in the water. If the amount of water gushing out increases within 3 hours, it means that the borehole is connected to the aquifer or surface water source. Then report the situation step by step, and immediately start the disaster prevention and control plan for discussion and processing.

8. The dynamic response control method of the dynamic intelligent monitoring method of aquifer for well construction according to claim 5 is characterized by: The specific operation steps of step b3 include: e1. Strengthen dispatching and inspection work during the rainy season, take the initiative to contact meteorological, water conservancy and flood control departments for water quality disaster warning, grasp the information of rainstorm and flood disasters that may endanger the safe production of coal mines, pay close attention to the forecast and warning information of disastrous weather, grasp the flood situation and water conditions, take timely and proactive measures, and communicate information with neighboring mines. When abnormal conditions occur in the mine, immediately warn the neighboring mines; e2. The scope of the mine field and the surrounding coal mines, ground collapse pits, mining cracks, and Conduct inspections of reservoirs, ditches, rivers, culverts, and embankment projects that may affect mine safety; e3. Observe the changes in the amount of water inflow from the mine and establish a system for timely evacuation of personnel in the event of major water hazards.

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