Multi-functional supply station for electric cold chain transport vehicles

Abstract

The present application discloses a multi-functional supply station for an electric cold-chain transport vehicle, comprising: a formic acid hydrogen production device. After the hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by the formic acid hydrogen production device are separated by a gas separation device, the hydrogen enters the anode of a fuel cell, and an electrochemical reaction occurs between the hydrogen and the oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell inside the fuel cell to generate electric energy; an energy storage battery, electrically connected to the fuel cell, for storing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell; the energy storage battery is connected to a charging pile for charging the vehicle; a dry ice manufacturing device, including a liquefaction device communicated with a carbon dioxide outlet and used for liquefying gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, a solidification and compression device for solidifying the liquefied liquid carbon dioxide to form dry ice, and a dry ice storage tank communicated with the outlet of the solidification and compression device. The multi-functional supply station for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle can not only supplement electric energy for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle, but also supplement dry ice, realizing one-stop supplementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of supply stations, and particularly to a multi-functional supply station for electric cold-chain transport vehicles. Background Art

[0002] In the cold-chain transport industry, dry ice, as a cooling medium, is extremely important for cold-chain transport. As a consumable, dry ice needs to be replenished in a timely manner during cold-chain transport.

[0003] For electric cold-chain transport vehicles, during long-distance cold-chain transport, it is necessary to replenish electric energy and dry ice on the way. However, currently, since dry ice manufacturers are relatively concentrated and there are no supply points on long-distance transport routes, effective and rapid replenishment of consumed dry ice cannot be achieved. When an electric cold-chain transport vehicle has a dry ice replenishment requirement, if it makes a special trip to a dry ice manufacturer during the transport for replenishment, the vehicle charging problem also needs to be considered simultaneously.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a multi-functional supply station that can replenish both electric energy and dry ice for electric cold-chain transport vehicles.

[0005] Application Content

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this application is to overcome the defect that the existing supply stations cannot achieve one-stop charging and dry ice replenishment, so as to provide a multi-functional supply station for electric cold-chain transport vehicles.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0008] A multi-functional supply station for an electric cold-chain transport vehicle, comprising:

[0009] A formic acid hydrogen production device, including a formic acid storage tank, a formic acid hydrogen production reactor, and a feed pump connected between the formic acid storage tank and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor. The feed pump pumps formic acid from the formic acid storage tank into the formic acid hydrogen production reactor, and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor is used to decompose formic acid to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide;

[0010] A gas separation device, connected to the formic acid hydrogen production reactor, for separating hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor. The gas separation device has a hydrogen outlet and a carbon dioxide outlet;

[0011] A fuel cell, whose anode is connected to the hydrogen outlet, and hydrogen undergoes an electrochemical reaction with oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell to generate electric energy;

[0012] An energy storage battery, connected to the fuel cell, for storing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell; the energy storage battery is connected to a charging pile for charging the vehicle;

[0013] A dry ice manufacturing device includes a liquefaction device that is connected to the carbon dioxide outlet and is used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, a solidification and compression device that solidifies the liquefied liquid carbon dioxide to form dry ice, and a dry ice storage tank that is connected to the outlet of the solidification and compression device.

[0014] Furthermore, a dry ice filter is provided between the solidification and compression device and the dry ice storage tank, and the dry ice filter is adapted to separate liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice.

[0015] Furthermore, a carbon dioxide storage tank is connected between the carbon dioxide outlet of the gas separation device and the liquefaction device; the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the dry ice filter.

[0016] Furthermore, the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell is electrically connected to the dry ice manufacturing device and provides electric energy for the dry ice manufacturing device.

[0017] Furthermore, the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell is electrically connected to the formic acid hydrogen production device and provides electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device.

[0018] Furthermore, the temperature in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor is between 25 - 150 °C, and the pressure in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor is between 0.1 - 1 Mpa.

[0019] Furthermore, the fuel cell is connected to an air compressor and an exhaust device. The air compressor is adapted to provide air for the cathode of the fuel cell; the exhaust device is adapted to discharge the water vapor in the fuel cell.

[0020] Furthermore, a charging controller is electrically connected between the fuel cell and the energy storage battery.

[0021] Furthermore, the charging pile includes a DC charging pile and an AC charging pile. A DC / AC converter is electrically connected between the energy storage battery and the AC charging pile, and a DC / DC converter is electrically connected between the energy storage battery and the DC charging pile.

[0022] Furthermore, the gas separation device is a gas separation membrane.

[0023] The technical solution of this application has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. For the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle provided by this application, since the gas separation device can separate the hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the formic acid hydrogen production reactor, the carbon dioxide will not enter the fuel cell, which can avoid the problem of shortened service life of the fuel cell caused by the entry of carbon dioxide into the fuel cell, and can also avoid the problem of reduced open-circuit voltage caused by the entry of carbon dioxide into the fuel cell. In addition, the dry ice manufacturing device provided in the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle can make dry ice from the carbon dioxide separated by the gas separation device for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle to replenish dry ice. Moreover, hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell undergo an electrochemical reaction, and the generated electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery and can be used to replenish the electric energy of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle. That is to say, the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle can not only replenish the electric energy of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle, but also replenish dry ice for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle, realizing one-stop replenishment of electric energy and dry ice.

[0025] 2. For the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle provided by this application, the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell is electrically connected to the dry ice manufacturing device and provides electric energy for the dry ice manufacturing device. The electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell is also electrically connected to the formic acid hydrogen production device and provides electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device. This design of relying on the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell to provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device and the dry ice manufacturing device is particularly important for areas with power shortages or unstable power supplies, because the electric energy generated by the fuel cell can supplement the electric energy required for the operation of the formic acid hydrogen production device and the dry ice manufacturing device during power outages, avoiding the situation where the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle cannot work due to power outages. Moreover, for remote areas where multi-functional supply stations for electric cold-chain transport vehicles need to be set up, the number of passing electric vehicles is small, and electric energy is relatively easy to be in surplus. Using the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell to provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device and the dry ice manufacturing device is also a full utilization of the surplus electric energy.

[0026] 3. For the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold-chain transport vehicle provided by this application, a charging controller is provided between the fuel cell and the energy storage battery. During the charging process of the energy storage battery, when situations such as excessive charging voltage or charging current, too high temperature of the energy storage battery, and full charging of the energy storage battery occur, the charging controller can cut off the charging current to ensure the safety of the energy storage battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the multi-functional supply station for the electric cold chain transport vehicle of the present application.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Formic acid hydrogen production device; 11. Formic acid storage tank; 12. Sampling pump; 13. Formic acid hydrogen production reactor; 2. Gas separation device; 3. Fuel cell; 4. Energy storage battery; 5. Charging controller; 6. AC charging pile; 61. DC / AC converter; 7. DC charging pile; 71. DC / DC converter; 8. Dry ice manufacturing device; 81. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 82. Liquefaction device; 83. Solidification and compression device; 84. Dry ice filter; 85. Dry ice storage tank. Specific embodiments

[0031] The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0034] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] Embodiment

[0036] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle, which includes a formic acid hydrogen production device 1, a gas separation device 2, a fuel cell 3, an energy storage battery 4, and a dry ice manufacturing device 8.

[0037] The formic acid hydrogen production device 1 includes a formic acid storage tank 11, a formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13, and a feed pump 12 connected between the formic acid storage tank 11 and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13. The feed pump 12 pumps formic acid from the formic acid storage tank 11 into the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13, and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13 is used to decompose formic acid to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Specifically, the temperature inside the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13 is between 25 - 150 °C, and the pressure inside the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13 is between 0.1 - 1 Mpa. After formic acid enters the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13, under certain temperature and pressure conditions, through the action of a catalyst, the following chemical reaction occurs: CHCOOH = H 2 + CO 2 , generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0038] The gas separation device 2 is connected to the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13. The gas separation device 2 has a hydrogen outlet and a carbon dioxide outlet. After the hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13 are separated by the gas separation device 2, the hydrogen flows out from the hydrogen outlet of the gas separation device 2 and enters the fuel cell 3, and the carbon dioxide flows out through the carbon dioxide outlet of the gas separation device 2 and enters the dry ice manufacturing device 8. Specifically, the gas separation device 2 is a gas separation membrane. Of course, the gas separation device can also be a pressure swing adsorption tower, and carbon dioxide and hydrogen are separated through the pressure swing adsorption tower.

[0039] The fuel cell 3 includes an anode and a cathode. Its anode is connected to the hydrogen outlet. The hydrogen flowing out from the hydrogen outlet of the gas separation device 2 enters the fuel cell 3 and reaches the anode of the fuel cell 3. The hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell 3 undergo an electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell 3 to generate electric energy. Specifically, the oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell 3 comes from the air provided by an air compressor (not shown) to the cathode of the fuel cell 3.

[0040] The energy storage battery 4 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 3 and is used to store the electric energy generated by the fuel cell 3; the energy storage battery 4 is connected to a charging pile for charging the vehicle.

[0041] The dry ice manufacturing device 8 includes a liquefaction device 82 connected to the carbon dioxide outlet of the gas separation device 2 and used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, a solidification compression device 83 for solidifying the liquefied liquid carbon dioxide to form dry ice, and a dry ice storage tank 85 connected to the outlet of the solidification compression device 83.

[0042] The dry ice manufacturing device 8 provided in the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle can make dry ice from the carbon dioxide separated by the gas separation device 2 for the electric cold chain transport vehicle to replenish dry ice. The electric energy generated by the fuel cell 3 provided in the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle can be stored in the energy storage battery 4 and then used to replenish the electric energy of the electric cold chain transport vehicle. That is to say, the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle provided in this embodiment can not only replenish the electric energy of the electric cold chain transport vehicle, but also replenish dry ice for the electric cold chain transport vehicle, realizing one-stop replenishment of electric energy and dry ice.

[0043] The following further analyzes the advantages of one-stop replenishment of electric energy and dry ice: As a dangerous good, dry ice manufacturers are usually located in remote areas, while for charging piles, with the booming development of the electric vehicle industry, more charging piles have been arranged in cities and towns. In this way, after the electric cold chain transport vehicle is charged, it needs to travel to a far place to replenish dry ice, and electric energy will be wasted during the journey from the charging station to the dry ice replenishment station. Especially in remote areas, due to the sparse population and few vehicles on the road, it is obviously very costly to build a dedicated charging station by connecting electric energy from a long distance through power transmission lines. Correspondingly, in remote areas, there are even fewer dry ice manufacturing enterprises and the distances between them are farther. When the electric cold chain transport vehicle replenishes dry ice after replenishing electric energy at the charging station, or replenishes electric energy after replenishing dry ice at the dry ice replenishment station, in any of these processes, compared with in cities and towns, the driving distance is farther and the consumption of electric energy or dry ice is more obvious. Against this background, hydrogen is produced by the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13, and then the electric energy generated by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell 3 is used to replenish the electric energy of the electric cold chain transport vehicle. At the same time, the carbon dioxide produced by formic acid hydrogen production is made into dry ice by the dry ice manufacturing device 8 to replenish dry ice for the electric cold chain transport vehicle. In this way, electric energy and dry ice can be replenished in one stop at the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle, which obviously has very high practical value and can avoid a large amount of electric energy consumption during the process of the electric cold chain transport vehicle traveling a long distance to the dry ice replenishment station, or can avoid a large amount of dry ice consumption during the process of the electric cold chain transport vehicle traveling a long distance to the charging station. Moreover, since the amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are almost 1:1 during the process of producing hydrogen by decomposing formic acid, if the carbon dioxide is not utilized, carbon emissions will exceed the standard.

[0044] For the situation where there is no external power supply to provide initial start-up electric energy for the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle, when leaving the factory, the energy storage battery 4 can be charged, and the electric energy stored in the energy storage battery 4 is used to start the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 and the dry ice manufacturing device 8 of the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle. After the fuel cell 3 generates electricity stably, the electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell 3 can directly provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 and the dry ice manufacturing device 8.

[0045] It should also be supplemented and explained that since the gas separation device 2 is provided in the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle, the hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the formic acid hydrogen production reactor 13 can be separated. The carbon dioxide will not enter the fuel cell 3, which can avoid the problem of shortening the service life of the fuel cell 3 caused by the entry of carbon dioxide into the fuel cell 3, and can also avoid the problem of the open circuit voltage becoming smaller due to the entry of carbon dioxide into the fuel cell 3.

[0046] The dry ice manufacturing device 8 further includes a dry ice filter 84 provided between the solidification compression device 83 and the dry ice storage tank 85 to separate liquid carbon dioxide from the dry ice. In order to avoid waste of the separated liquid carbon dioxide or excessive carbon emissions, the liquid carbon dioxide flows out from the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the dry ice filter 84 and enters the carbon dioxide storage tank 81 between the carbon dioxide outlet of the gas separation device 2 and the liquefaction device 82, and then enters the liquefaction device 82 for liquefaction and the solidification compression device 83 for solidification. In short, the carbon dioxide is not discharged into the air.

[0047] In addition to being electrically connected to the energy storage battery 4 at the power output end of the fuel cell 3 to store electric energy and provide electric energy for the electric cold chain transport vehicle, the power output end of the fuel cell 3 can also be electrically connected to the dry ice manufacturing device 8 to provide electric energy for the dry ice manufacturing device 8, and the power output end of the fuel cell 3 can also be electrically connected to the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 to provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device 1. This design of relying on the power output end of the fuel cell 3 to provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 and the dry ice manufacturing device 8 is particularly important for areas with scarce power or unstable power, because the electric energy generated by the fuel cell 3 can supplement the electric energy required for the operation of the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 and the dry ice manufacturing device 8 during power interruption, avoiding the situation that the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle cannot work due to power interruption. Moreover, for remote areas where multi-functional supply stations of electric cold chain transport vehicles need to be set up, the number of passing electric cold chain transport vehicles is small, and electric energy is relatively easy to be surplus. Using the power output end of the fuel cell 3 to provide electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device 1 and the dry ice manufacturing device 8 is also a full utilization of the surplus electric energy. Of course, the power output end of the fuel cell 3 may not be electrically connected to the dry ice manufacturing device 8 or the formic acid hydrogen production device 1.

[0048] The multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle further includes an exhaust device (not shown), and the exhaust device is communicated with the fuel cell 3 to discharge the water vapor in the fuel cell 3. Preferably, the water vapor is condensed and then introduced into a water storage device (not shown), and the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell 3 is also collected in the water storage device to supplement water for the electric cold chain transport vehicle or provide a water source for the driver and passengers.

[0049] The multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle further includes a charging controller 5 disposed between the fuel cell 3 and the energy storage battery 4. During the charging process of the energy storage battery 4, when situations such as excessive charging voltage or charging current, too high temperature of the energy storage battery 4, or the energy storage battery 4 being fully charged occur, the charging controller 5 can cut off the charging current to ensure the safety of the energy storage battery 4.

[0050] The charging piles of the multi-functional supply station of the electric cold chain transport vehicle include a DC charging pile 7 and an AC charging pile 6. A DC / DC converter 71 is electrically connected between the energy storage battery 4 and the DC charging pile 7 to convert the electric energy in the energy storage battery 4 into direct current and transmit it to the DC charging pile 7. A DC / AC converter 61 is electrically connected between the energy storage battery 4 and the AC charging pile 6 to convert the electric energy in the energy storage battery 4 into alternating current and transmit it to the AC charging pile 6.

[0051] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle, characterized in that, it includes: A formic acid hydrogen production device (1), including a formic acid storage tank (11), a formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13), and a feeding pump (12) connected between the formic acid storage tank (11) and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13). The feeding pump (12) pumps formic acid from the formic acid storage tank (11) into the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13), and the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13) is used to decompose formic acid to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide; A gas separation device (2), connected to the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13), for separating hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13). The gas separation device (2) has a hydrogen outlet and a carbon dioxide outlet; the gas separation device (2) is a pressure swing adsorption tower; A fuel cell (3), whose anode is connected to the hydrogen outlet, and hydrogen enters the fuel cell (3) to undergo an electrochemical reaction with oxygen at the cathode of the fuel cell (3) to generate electric energy; An energy storage battery (4), electrically connected to the fuel cell (3), for storing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell (3); the energy storage battery (4) is connected to a charging pile for charging the vehicle; A dry ice manufacturing device (8), including a liquefaction device (82) connected to the carbon dioxide outlet and used to liquefy gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, a solidification and compression device (83) for solidifying the liquefied liquid carbon dioxide into dry ice, and a dry ice storage tank (85) connected to the outlet of the solidification and compression device (83).

2. The multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dry ice filter (84) is provided between the solidification and compression device (83) and the dry ice storage tank (85), and the dry ice filter (84) is adapted to separate liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice.

3. The multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, A carbon dioxide storage tank (81) is connected between the carbon dioxide outlet of the gas separation device (2) and the liquefaction device (82); the carbon dioxide storage tank (81) is connected to the liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the dry ice filter (84).

4. The multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell (3) is electrically connected to the dry ice manufacturing device (8) and provides electric energy for the dry ice manufacturing device (8).

5. The multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric energy output terminal of the fuel cell (3) is electrically connected to the formic acid hydrogen production device (1) and provides electric energy for the formic acid hydrogen production device (1).

6. The multi-functional supply station for an electric cold chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13) is between 25 - 150 °C, and the pressure in the formic acid hydrogen production reactor (13) is between 0.1 - 1 Mpa.

7. The multi-functional supply station for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fuel cell (3) is connected to an air compressor and an exhaust device, the air compressor is adapted to supply air to the cathode of the fuel cell (3); the exhaust device is adapted to discharge the water vapor in the fuel cell (3).

8. The multi-functional supply station for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, a charging controller (5) is electrically connected between the fuel cell (3) and the energy storage battery (4).

9. The multi-functional supply station for the electric cold-chain transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, the charging pile includes a DC charging pile (7) and an AC charging pile (6), a DC / AC converter (61) is electrically connected between the energy storage battery (4) and the AC charging pile (6), and a DC / DC converter (71) is electrically connected between the energy storage battery (4) and the DC charging pile (7).

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