A stator, motor, powertrain and mechanical device

Abstract

This application provides a stator, a motor, a powertrain, and a mechanical device. The stator includes a stator core, a coil winding, a first end plate, and a second end plate. The stator core contains the coil winding. The stator core includes multiple axially extending notches for forming a first coolant flow channel. The multiple notches are arranged circumferentially along the stator core, and each notch penetrates the stator core axially. The first coolant flow channel communicates with the coolant inlet area of ​​the stator core. The end faces at both ends of the stator core along the axial direction are a first end face and a second end face, respectively. A first end plate is mounted on the first end face, and a second end plate is mounted on the second end face. A second coolant flow channel is formed between the first end plate and the first end face, and the second coolant flow channel communicates with the first coolant flow channel. The first end plate includes multiple first nozzles, which communicate with the second coolant flow channel and face the coil winding. The motor has fewer components, a lower risk of leakage, and better heat dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a stator, motor, powertrain, and mechanical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] An electric motor is an electromagnetic device that converts or transmits electrical energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main function is to generate driving torque, serving as a power source for electrical appliances or various machines. With the miniaturization of electric motors in powertrains, their power density is gradually increasing. As the power density of electric motors increases, improving their heat dissipation efficiency and capacity has become a pressing technical problem to be solved.

[0003] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an electric motor in the prior art, such as... Figure 1 As shown, current motors mainly consist of a housing 1, a stator 2, an end cover 3, an oil spray ring 4, and a rotor 5. The stator 2 includes a stator core 21 and coil windings 22. The oil spray ring 4 is assembled between the stator core 21 and the end cover 3, spraying coolant onto the coil windings 22 to dissipate heat. To ensure sealing, the oil spray ring 4 needs to be sealed to the stator core 21, the housing 1, and the end cover 3, resulting in a high risk of leakage. Furthermore, due to manufacturing tolerances, dimensional accuracy is difficult to guarantee, and the oil spray ring 4 may be damaged by compression, leading to coolant leakage. Therefore, existing motor cooling solutions suffer from high leakage risk, susceptibility to damage, and a large number of components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a stator, motor, powertrain, and mechanical equipment to reduce the number of motor components, the risk of leakage in the motor's liquid cooling system, lower cost, and better heat dissipation.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a stator comprising a stator core, a coil winding, a first end plate, and a second end plate. The inner surface of the stator core has a plurality of first coil slots for winding the coil winding, such that the coil winding is at least partially located within the first coil slots. The stator core also includes a plurality of axially extending notches for forming a first coolant flow channel. Specifically, the plurality of notches are arranged circumferentially along the stator core, and each notch penetrates the stator core axially. The first coolant flow channel communicates with a liquid inlet area of ​​the stator core, which in turn communicates with the liquid inlet of a motor; that is, coolant enters the liquid inlet area from the liquid inlet and then enters the first coolant flow channel. The end faces at both ends of the stator core along the axial direction are a first end face and a second end face, respectively. The first end plate is mounted on one side of the first end face of the stator core, and the second end plate is mounted on one side of the second end face of the stator core. A second coolant channel is formed between the first end plate and the first end face, and the second coolant channel is connected to the first coolant channel, allowing coolant to flow from the first coolant channel to the second coolant channel. The first end plate includes multiple first nozzles, which are connected to the second coolant channel and face the coil winding. Coolant is then sprayed from the first nozzles onto the coil winding. In other words, in this application's technical solution, the coolant enters the motor through the inlet, flows sequentially through the first and second coolant channels, and is sprayed onto the coil winding through the first nozzles. Specifically, while the coolant is in the first and second coolant channels, it cools the stator core; afterwards, it is sprayed onto the coil winding to cool it. In this application's technical solution, the motor's coolant channel is located in the stator, requiring only the cooperation of the first and second end plates, which helps reduce the number of motor components. Furthermore, the fact that only the first and second end plates are sealed to the housing reduces the risk of leakage and ensures high sealing reliability, thereby improving the motor's heat dissipation. In summary, this solution helps ensure effective heat dissipation and extends the motor's lifespan. In addition, the motor structure in this solution is relatively simple, reducing costs and improving assembly and disassembly efficiency.

[0006] In the specific technical solution, the location and form of the aforementioned notch are not limited. For example, the cross-section of the notch can be open; specifically, the notch is located on the outer surface of the stator core and is in the form of a first groove. When the stator is installed into the motor housing, the notch engages with the inner surface of the housing to form a first coolant flow channel. This solution results in a relatively simple stator structure. Alternatively, the cross-section of the notch can be a closed hole; specifically, the notch is located inside the stator core and is in the form of a through hole, which forms the first coolant flow channel. In this solution, the first coolant flow channel is completely located inside the stator core, further reducing the risk of leakage.

[0007] Furthermore, the stator core may include at least two layers of first coolant channels arranged radially along the stator core, with each layer of first coolant channels arranged circumferentially. Specifically, it may include first grooves and through holes, or it may include through holes in different layers. This design helps to increase the amount of coolant in the motor's liquid cooling system, thereby improving the motor's heat dissipation effect.

[0008] In a further technical solution, a second coolant flow channel can be formed between the second end plate and the second end face, and this second coolant flow channel is connected to the first coolant flow channel. The second end plate includes a plurality of second nozzles, which are connected to the second coolant flow channel and face the coil winding. This solution can cool the coil winding at both ends of the stator core along the axial direction, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the coil winding.

[0009] Specifically, the first and second end plates can be symmetrically positioned on both sides of the stator core. This design simplifies the stator manufacturing and assembly processes and ensures more uniform heat dissipation.

[0010] In another technical solution, a second coolant flow channel can be formed between the second end plate and the second end face, and the second end plate has a second nozzle. The stator core is also provided with a third coolant flow channel and a fourth coolant flow channel, which extend axially and penetrate the stator core, and are arranged circumferentially along the stator core. One end of the third coolant flow channel is connected to the second coolant flow channel on the first end face, and the other end is connected to the second nozzle; one end of the fourth coolant flow channel is connected to another second coolant flow channel on the second end face, and the other end is connected to the first nozzle. That is, after the coolant enters the first coolant flow channel, it flows along the first coolant flow channel to both ends. Part of it flows towards the first end face to the second coolant flow channel, then to the third coolant flow channel, and is then sprayed from the second nozzle on the second end plate to the coil winding located on one side of the second end face; the other part flows towards the second end face to another second coolant flow channel, then to the fourth coolant flow channel, and is then sprayed from the first nozzle on the first end plate to the coil winding located on the first end face. This helps improve the uniformity of heat dissipation in the stator core along the axial direction. In this embodiment, the coolant spends a longer time inside the stator core, thus improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0011] Specifically, the third and fourth coolant channels can be arranged alternately to improve the heat dissipation uniformity of the stator core in both the axial and circumferential directions.

[0012] Furthermore, the stator core can also be provided with at least two layers of flow channels arranged radially along the stator core, each layer including a third coolant flow channel and a fourth coolant flow channel. This design helps to increase the flow rate of coolant within the motor and improve the motor's heat dissipation effect.

[0013] The location of the aforementioned liquid inlet area is not specifically limited. In one technical solution, the liquid inlet area is located in the middle of the stator core along the axial direction, so that after the coolant enters the first coolant flow channel from the liquid inlet area, it flows along the first coolant flow channel to both ends of the first coolant flow channel.

[0014] In another technical solution, the aforementioned liquid inlet area can also be located at one end of the stator core near the second end face, so that after the coolant enters the first coolant flow channel from the liquid inlet area, it flows along the first coolant flow channel toward the first end face.

[0015] The second end plate is attached to the end face of the stator core and includes multiple second nozzles facing the coil windings. The stator core has a fifth coolant channel extending axially and penetrating the stator core. The end of the fifth coolant channel near the first end face communicates with the second coolant channel, and the other end communicates with the second nozzles. Coolant enters the first coolant channel from the inlet area and then enters the second coolant channel located on the first end face. Subsequently, a portion of the coolant is sprayed from the first nozzle of the first end plate onto the coil windings located on the first end face of the stator core, while the other portion flows into the fifth coolant channel, then through the fifth coolant channel to the second end plate, and is sprayed from the second nozzles onto the coil windings located on the second end face of the stator core. In this embodiment, the fifth coolant channel is closer to the heat source, which, in addition to dissipating heat from the coil windings, also enhances the motor's heat dissipation effect.

[0016] To form the aforementioned second coolant flow channel, the first end plate can include a plate body and a protrusion fixed to the plate body facing the stator core, the protrusion abutting against the end face of the stator core. A gap is then formed between the plate body and the end face of the stator core, creating the second coolant flow channel. This design helps reduce the number of stator components and simplifies the stator assembly process.

[0017] To improve the uniformity of coolant sprayed from the first nozzle, a second coolant channel can be connected to at least two first coolant channels, and a second coolant channel can be connected to at least two first nozzles. Since the coolant flow rates differ in different first coolant channels, this technical solution uses a second coolant channel to collect the coolant from multiple first coolant channels and then distribute it to the connected first nozzles. This results in a more uniform distribution of coolant from all first nozzles connected to a second coolant channel, improving the heat dissipation uniformity of the coil winding.

[0018] Multiple second coolant channels are formed between the first end plate and the first end face, with at least two adjacent second coolant channels connected. This design allows the coolant in adjacent second coolant channels to be collected and redistributed, resulting in more uniform coolant sprayed from the first nozzles and further improving the heat dissipation uniformity of the coil winding.

[0019] In a further technical solution, any two adjacent second coolant channels can be connected. In this solution, the coolant in all the first coolant channels is collected in the second coolant channels, making the coolant sprayed from all the first nozzles more uniform, further improving the heat dissipation uniformity of the coil winding.

[0020] In another technical solution, a second coolant flow channel can be formed between the first end plate and the first end face. This second coolant flow channel is connected to all the first coolant flow channels and also to all the first nozzles. In this solution, the coolant in all the first coolant flow channels flows into the same second coolant flow channel and is then distributed to each of the first nozzles, improving the uniformity of the coolant sprayed from all the first nozzles and further enhancing the heat dissipation uniformity of the coil winding.

[0021] Specifically, when configuring the first nozzle, it can be arranged in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the first end plate. Alternatively, in another technical solution, the first nozzle can be distributed in a local area along the circumferential direction of the first end plate, for example, it can be arranged in an arc shape along the circumferential direction of the first end plate. The aforementioned arc-shaped arrangement of the first nozzles can be located on the upper part of the stator when it is in operation, so that the coolant is sprayed from the upper part of the coil winding onto the coil winding, and then flows to the lower part of the coil winding under the action of gravity, thereby dissipating heat from the lower part of the coil winding. This solution can make full use of the coolant to dissipate heat from the coil winding, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0022] The aforementioned first end plate may also include a preset position, specifically the top of the stator in its operating state, the highest point along the direction of gravity. The further the first end plate is from the preset position, the lower the density of the first nozzles. In other words, the higher the first end plate, the more first nozzles there are, resulting in more refrigerant being sprayed from a height onto the coil windings, thus fully utilizing the coolant to dissipate heat from the coil windings and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0023] In a specific technical solution, the first end plate can include at least two layers of first nozzles arranged radially along the stator core. This solution helps to increase the flow rate of coolant sprayed onto the coil windings, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the coil windings.

[0024] Specifically, when setting up at least two layers of first nozzles, the spraying directions of the at least two layers of first nozzles are different, which helps to increase the area covered by coolant and improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0025] When the first and second end plates are configured, their inner surfaces include multiple second coil slots that overlap with the first coil slots, and the coil winding is at least partially located within these second coil slots. In this configuration, the first and second end plates are first stacked with the stator core, and then the coil winding is wound. The coil winding improves the fixation between the first and second end plates and the stator core, thus enhancing the structural reliability of the stator.

[0026] In implementing the above stator structure, the stator core can include a first silicon steel sheet and a second silicon steel sheet. The first silicon steel sheet has a first sub-notch, and multiple first silicon steel sheets are stacked to form the main body of the stator core. The first sub-notches of the multiple first silicon steel sheets are connected to form a notch. The second silicon steel sheet is stacked on both ends of the main body of the stator core. The second silicon steel sheet has a second sub-notch, and the end face of the first silicon steel sheet, the second sub-notch, and the end face of the first end plate form a second coolant flow channel.

[0027] Furthermore, the stator may also include a third silicon steel sheet, which is stacked between the second silicon steel sheet and the stator core body. The third silicon steel sheet has a third sub-notch, which at least partially overlaps with at least two adjacent second sub-notches, connecting at least two adjacent second coolant channels. This design connects at least two adjacent second coolant channels to improve the uniformity of the coolant sprayed from the first nozzle.

[0028] In a further technical solution, any two adjacent second sub-notches can be connected to the same third sub-notch, thus connecting any two adjacent second coolant flow channels. This solution connects all second coolant flow channels, further improving the uniformity of the coolant sprayed from the first nozzle.

[0029] The specific materials of the first end plate and the second end plate are not limited. For example, the first end plate and the second end plate can be plastic end plates or metal end plates.

[0030] In another technical solution, the first and second end plates can also be made of silicon steel sheets. This facilitates the fabrication and installation of the first and second end plates. Furthermore, the first and second end plates in this solution can also be used to achieve magnetic flux transfer, thereby improving the electromagnetic performance of the stator core.

[0031] The aforementioned first end plate may further include an end plate body and a nozzle fitting fixedly connected to the end plate body. The end plate body has a liquid outlet communicating with a second coolant flow channel, and the area of ​​the liquid outlet is larger than the area of ​​the first nozzle. The first nozzle is formed on the nozzle fitting, and the first nozzle is opposite to the liquid outlet. In this design, during stator fabrication, the paint dripping process can be performed without the nozzle fitting installed. Due to the large area of ​​the liquid outlet, clogging is less likely to occur. After the paint dripping process is completed, assembling the aforementioned nozzle fitting ensures that the first nozzle on the nozzle fitting will not be clogged.

[0032] The specific structure of the above-mentioned nozzle accessory is not limited. For example, in one technical solution, the nozzle accessory can be a fuel injector plate, and the first nozzle is the opening of the fuel injector plate. Alternatively, in another technical solution, the nozzle accessory can also be a nozzle, and the first nozzle is the mouth of the nozzle.

[0033] Secondly, this application also provides an electric motor, which includes a housing and a stator as described in the first aspect. The housing has a liquid inlet, and the stator is assembled inside the housing, with the liquid inlet of the housing communicating with the liquid inlet area of ​​the stator core. This electric motor has good heat dissipation, a simple structure, and is less prone to leakage problems.

[0034] In a specific technical solution, the interior of the aforementioned housing may also have a second groove extending in the circumferential direction. This second groove communicates with the liquid inlet and is opposite to the liquid inlet area of ​​the stator core, serving to deliver coolant to each first coolant channel. In this solution, the second groove can be used to ensure that each first coolant channel is connected to the liquid inlet.

[0035] When installing the first and second end plates, they are sealed to the inner surface of the housing. Specifically, the sealing connection can be achieved by interference fit between the first and second end plates and the housing; alternatively, a sealing element can be used to fill the space between the first and second end plates and the housing. This application does not impose any limitations on this method.

[0036] In another technical solution, the housing may further include a boss, with the second end plate abutting against the boss. In this solution, when installing the stator, one side of the second end plate of the stator can extend into the housing until the stator abuts against the boss. This allows for precise positioning using the boss, resulting in a more accurate stator assembly position. Furthermore, it ensures a tighter fit between the second end plate and the stator core, reducing the likelihood of leakage.

[0037] Thirdly, this application also provides a powertrain including a gearbox and the motor described in the second aspect. The motor is connected to the gearbox via a drive shaft, and the gearbox is used to regulate the output speed of the motor. This powertrain has fewer motor components, reduces the risk of leakage in the motor's liquid cooling system, lowers cost, and provides better heat dissipation. The lower cost and better heat dissipation of the powertrain contribute to a longer service life.

[0038] Fourthly, this application also provides a mechanical device comprising an output unit, a transmission mechanism, and the motor described in the second aspect above. The motor is connected to the output unit via the transmission mechanism and is used to drive the output unit to move. This mechanical device has fewer motor components, reduces the risk of leakage in the motor's liquid cooling system, has lower costs, and provides better heat dissipation. The lower cost and better heat dissipation of the mechanical device contribute to a longer service life.

[0039] In a specific technical solution, the aforementioned mechanical equipment can be an electric vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an electric motor in the prior art;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle in one embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor in one embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the assembly state of the housing and stator in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the stator in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the shell in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a structure after the first silicon steel sheet and the second silicon steel sheet are stacked in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the second silicon steel sheet and the end plate are fitted together in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another partial cross-sectional structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a third silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the second silicon steel sheet and the third silicon steel sheet are joined together in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second silicon steel sheet in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the second silicon steel sheet and the first end plate are fitted together in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in the embodiments of this application;

[0058] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 21 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another partial cross-sectional structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another partial cross-sectional structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of another lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of another lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application.

[0075] Figure label:

[0076] 10 - Frame; 20 - Output section;

[0077] 30 - Transmission mechanism; 40 - Motor;

[0078] 1-Shell; 11-Liquid inlet;

[0079] 12-Second groove; 13-Boss;

[0080] 2-Stator; 21-Stator core;

[0081] 211 - First coil slot; 212 - Notch;

[0082] 213 - First end face; 214 - Second end face;

[0083] 215 - First silicon steel sheet; 2151 - First sub-notch;

[0084] 216 - Second silicon steel sheet; 2161 - Second sub-notch;

[0085] 217 - Third silicon steel sheet; 2171 - Third sub-notch;

[0086] 2172 - Fourth notch; 218 - Weld joint;

[0087] 22 - Coil winding; 23 - First end plate;

[0088] 231 - Second coil slot; 232 - First nozzle;

[0089] 233 - Preset position; 234 - Board body;

[0090] 235 - Protrusion; 236 - End plate body;

[0091] 237 - Nozzle fittings; 24 - Second end plate;

[0092] 241 - Second nozzle; 3 - End cap;

[0093] 4-Injection ring; 5-Rotor;

[0094] a - First coolant flow channel; b - Second coolant flow channel;

[0095] b' - Another second coolant flow path; c - A third coolant flow path;

[0096] d - Fourth coolant flow channel; e - Fifth coolant flow channel. Detailed Implementation

[0097] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0098] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0099] References to “an embodiment” or “a specific embodiment” as used in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and variations thereof mean “including, but not limited to,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0100] To facilitate understanding of the stator, motor, powertrain, and mechanical equipment provided in the embodiments of this application, their application scenarios are first introduced below. Currently, vehicles are increasingly used in production and daily life, especially electric vehicles, whose applications are gradually increasing. As the power component of electric vehicles, the motor plays a crucial role in their performance. During operation, the motor generates a large amount of heat; therefore, an important measure to ensure stable operation and a long service life is to maintain effective heat dissipation. Addressing the problems of poor heat dissipation and high structural precision requirements associated with water-cooling technology, some motors are gradually adopting oil-cooling to replace water-cooling. Existing motor cooling solutions suffer from high leakage risks, susceptibility to damage, and a large number of components. Therefore, this application provides a stator, motor, powertrain, and mechanical equipment.

[0101] The specific type of mechanical equipment in the embodiments of this application is not limited. For example, the aforementioned mechanical equipment can be an electric vehicle (EV), a pure electric vehicle / battery electric vehicle (PEV / BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a range-extended electric vehicle (REEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a new energy vehicle, a battery management device, a motor and drive device, a power converter, a reducer, etc. The mechanical equipment in the embodiments of this application will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, using an electric vehicle as an example.

[0102] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle in one embodiment of this application. Please refer to it. Figure 2 The mechanical device in this embodiment includes a frame 10, an output section 20, a transmission mechanism 30, and a motor 40. The output section 20, transmission mechanism 30, and motor 40 are mounted on the frame 10, and the motor 40 is connected to the output section 20 via the transmission mechanism 30. The motor 40 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the transmission mechanism 30, connected to the motor 40, transmits the mechanical energy to the output section 20 of the mechanical device. The output section 20 outputs the mechanical energy generated by the motor 40. In a specific embodiment, when the mechanical device is a vehicle such as an electric vehicle, the output section 20 can specifically be a wheel.

[0103] In another embodiment, this application also provides a powertrain including a motor and a gearbox. The gearbox is connected to the motor via a drive shaft. In a specific embodiment, the aforementioned mechanical device may further include the powertrain, allowing the wheels to be connected to the gearbox via a transmission mechanism, and subsequently to the motor. The driving force output by the motor can be transmitted to the gearbox via the drive shaft. The gearbox can change the driving force output by the powertrain according to different driving conditions of the electric vehicle, thereby driving the wheels to rotate at different speeds, realizing the variable-speed driving of the electric vehicle.

[0104] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a motor structure in one embodiment of this application. Please refer to it. Figure 3 The motor in this embodiment includes a housing 1, a stator 2, and a rotor 5. The stator 2 and rotor 5 are coaxially mounted, with the rotor 5 housed inside the stator 2, which is assembled inside the housing 1. When the rotor 5 rotates relative to the stator 2, it generates a magnetic field, thereby creating a driving force.

[0105] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the assembly state of the housing and stator in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the shell in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figures 3-5In this embodiment, the housing 1 has a liquid inlet 11, which communicates with the liquid inlet area of ​​the stator 2. The liquid inlet 11 introduces coolant into the inner cavity of the motor, specifically into the liquid inlet area, and then distributes it through the flow channel to cool the motor. The stator 2 includes a stator core 21, a coil winding 22, a first end plate 23, and a second end plate 24, wherein: the inner surface of the stator core 21 has a plurality of first coil slots 211. The coil winding 22 is arranged around the first coil slots 211, such that the coil winding 22 is at least partially located within the first coil slots 211, and the coil winding 22 protrudes from both ends of the stator core 21 in the axial direction. The stator core 21 includes a plurality of notches 212 extending in the axial direction for forming a first coolant flow channel a. The plurality of notches 212 are arranged in the circumferential direction and penetrate the stator core 21 in the axial direction. The first coolant flow channel a is connected to the inlet area of ​​the stator core 21, so coolant can also flow into the first coolant flow channel a. The first coolant flow channel a, located on the periphery of the stator core 21, can cool the stator core 21 from the periphery. The first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 are respectively located at both ends of the stator core 21 along the axial direction. Specifically, the end faces of the two ends of the stator core 21 along the axial direction are the first end face 213 and the second end face 214, respectively. The first end plate 23 is installed on one side of the first end face 213 of the stator core 21, and the second end plate 24 is installed on one side of the second end face 214 of the stator core 21. A second coolant channel b is formed between the first end plate 23 and the first end face 213 of the stator core 21. Since the first coolant channel a penetrates the stator core 21 axially, it has an opening on the first end face 213, thus the second coolant channel b communicates with the first coolant channel a. The first end plate 23 includes multiple first nozzles 232, which communicate with the second coolant channel b and face the coil winding 22. In this design, the coolant flows from the first coolant channel a to the second coolant channel b, and then is sprayed from the first nozzles 232 onto the coil winding 22, thereby cooling the coil winding 22. In this technical solution, the coolant channel of the motor is located in the stator 2, which only requires the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24, thus reducing the number of motor components. Furthermore, the fact that only the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 are sealed to the housing 1 reduces the risk of leakage and ensures high sealing reliability, thereby improving the motor's heat dissipation. In summary, this solution helps ensure the motor's heat dissipation and extends its service life. In addition, the motor structure in this solution is relatively simple, reducing costs and improving assembly and disassembly efficiency.

[0106] It is worth noting that, in this embodiment, the coolant inlet area of ​​stator 2 refers to the area where coolant can flow into the first coolant flow channel a, and does not refer to a specific structure. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the "connection" between the two structures means that coolant flow can be achieved between them, but an intermediate structure can also be provided. Additionally, in this embodiment, the axial direction refers to the extension direction of the rotor shaft of the motor rotor 5, and the circumferential direction refers to the direction of rotation of the motor rotor 5. Alternatively, stator 2 can be simplified to a cylindrical structure, in which case the aforementioned circumferential and axial directions refer to the circumferential and axial directions of the cylinder, respectively.

[0107] Specifically, to achieve a sealed connection between the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 and the housing 1, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 can be press-fitted with the housing 1. Alternatively, a sealing element can be filled between the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 and the housing 1. That is, a sealing element is filled between the first end plate 23 and the housing 1, and a sealing element is also filled between the second end plate 24 and the housing 1, thereby enabling both the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 to achieve a sealed connection with the housing 1.

[0108] In specific embodiments, the formation method of the notch 212 in the stator core 21 is not limited. For example, please refer to... Figures 3-5 The aforementioned notch 212 can be a first groove located on the outer surface of the stator core 21, which engages with the inner surface of the housing 1 to form a first coolant flow channel a. This design facilitates the formation of an inlet area in the first coolant flow channel a, allowing the inlet area to communicate with the inlet port 11. In other words, this design facilitates the communication between the first coolant flow channel a and the inlet port 11, thereby simplifying the structure and manufacturing process of the stator core 21.

[0109] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the shell in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to it. Figure 4 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, the inner surface of the housing 1 has a second groove 12 extending in the circumferential direction. This second groove 12 communicates with the liquid inlet 11, allowing coolant to enter the second groove 12 from the liquid inlet 11. After the stator 2 is assembled with the housing 1, the second groove 12 engages with the stator 2 to form a flow channel, which communicates with the first coolant flow channel a of the stator core 21. Specifically, the second groove 12 can be positioned opposite the liquid inlet area of ​​the first coolant flow channel a, allowing coolant to flow from the second groove 12 to the first coolant flow channel a.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, the first coolant channels a are arranged circumferentially along the stator core 21, and the second groove 12 extends circumferentially along the housing 1. Thus, one second groove 12 can connect all the first coolant channels a, thereby transmitting coolant to each coolant channel. It is worth noting that the extension length of the second groove 12 only needs to cover all the first coolant channels a. That is, if the first coolant channels a cover the circumference of the stator core 21, then the second groove 12 penetrates the circumference of the housing 1. If the first coolant channels a are only distributed in a portion of the stator core 21, then the second groove 12 only needs to cover the area containing the first coolant channels a.

[0111] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In a specific embodiment, when setting the aforementioned liquid inlet area, it can be located in the middle of the stator core 21 along the axial direction. Then, after the coolant enters the first coolant flow channel a from the liquid inlet area, it flows along the first coolant flow channel a towards both ends. This design helps to make the cooling effect of the stator core 21 more uniform at both ends along the axial direction, thus improving the cooling effect of the motor.

[0112] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In a specific embodiment, the arrangement of the second end plate 24 can be similar to or the same as that of the first end plate 23. Specifically, another second coolant channel b' can be formed between the second end plate 24 and the second end face 214, and this second coolant channel b' is also connected to the first coolant channel a. The second end plate 24 also includes a plurality of second nozzles 241, which are connected to the other second coolant channel b' and face the coil winding 22. This scheme can symmetrically dissipate heat from the stator core 21 and the coil winding 22, resulting in a more uniform heat dissipation effect.

[0113] Specifically, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stator core 21. This design reduces the number of components in the stator core 21, which simplifies the preparation, storage, and transportation of the components and also simplifies the assembly of the stator core 21.

[0114] The following describes a specific implementation of the stator of the motor in the above embodiments.

[0115] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 7In this embodiment of the application, the stator core 21 includes a first silicon steel sheet 215 and a second silicon steel sheet 216. Multiple first silicon steel sheets 215 are stacked to form the stator core body, and multiple second silicon steel sheets 216 are stacked at both ends of the stator core body.

[0116] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the first silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first silicon steel sheet 215 includes a first sub-notch 2151. When multiple first silicon steel sheets 215 are stacked, the first sub-notches 2151 of the multiple first silicon steel sheets 215 are connected to form the notch 212 of the stator core 21. Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the first sub-notch 2151 is an opening located on the outer periphery of the first silicon steel sheet 215, so that a first groove can be formed after stacking. In addition, the inner surface of the first silicon steel sheet 215 also has a plurality of first coil slots 211 for winding the coil winding 22.

[0117] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the second silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by stacking the first silicon steel sheet and the second silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The second silicon steel sheet 216 includes a second sub-notch 2161. After the second silicon steel sheet 216 is stacked on both ends of the stator core 21 body, the second sub-notch 2161, the end face of the first end plate 23, and the end face of the first silicon steel sheet 215 form a second coolant flow channel b. The inner surface of the second silicon steel sheet 216 also has a first coil groove 211. Therefore, when preparing the stator core 21, the coil winding 22 can be used to simultaneously wind around the first coil groove 211 of the first silicon steel sheet 215 and the second silicon steel sheet 216, so that multiple first silicon steel sheets 215 and multiple second silicon steel sheets 216 fit tightly together, thereby improving the fixing effect of the stator core 21.

[0118] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. In specific embodiments, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 may be the same or different. This embodiment takes the example where the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 are the same. Figure 11As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 can also be silicon steel sheets. This facilitates the fabrication and installation of the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24. Furthermore, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 in this design can also be used to achieve magnetic flux transfer, thereby improving the electromagnetic performance of the stator core 21. In this application's technical solution, since the notches of the first silicon steel sheet 215, the second silicon steel sheet 216, and the first end plate 23 are mostly distributed around the periphery of the stator core 21, there is less damage to the stator core 21, which is beneficial for enhancing the electromagnetic performance of the stator core 21. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the first nozzles 232 of the first end plate 23 are distributed circumferentially on the first end plate 23. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first nozzles 232 are arranged in a ring shape and are uniformly distributed circumferentially on the first end plate 23. Similarly, when the second end plate 24 has a second nozzle 241, the second nozzle 241 can also be distributed circumferentially on the second end plate 24. Specifically, in this embodiment, the second nozzles 241 are arranged in a ring shape and are uniformly distributed circumferentially on the second end plate 24.

[0119] like Figure 11 As shown, the inner surfaces of the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 include a plurality of second coil slots 231, which coincide with the first coil slots 211. Therefore, when preparing the stator core 21, the first silicon steel sheet 215, the second silicon steel sheet 216, the first end plate 23, and the second end plate 24 can be stacked first, and then the coil winding 22 can be prepared by winding around the first coil slots 211 and the second coil slots 231. This results in a better stacking effect of the first silicon steel sheet 215, the second silicon steel sheet 216, the first end plate 23, and the second end plate 24, making the entire stator 2 structure more reliable and helping to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the stator core 21 in the axial direction.

[0120] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11 In this embodiment, weld joints 218 are provided on the outer periphery of the first silicon steel sheet 215, the second silicon steel sheet 216, the first end plate 23, and the second end plate 24, thereby assembling the stator core 21 by welding. In a specific embodiment, the first silicon steel sheet 215, the second silicon steel sheet 216, the first end plate 23, and the second end plate 24 can be stacked and welded to fix them into an integral stator core 21. Then, the coil winding 22 is prepared to further fix the above-mentioned structure of the stator core 21.

[0121] Of course, in other embodiments, the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 can also be plastic end plates or metal end plates. This application does not limit this. When the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 are plastic end plates, they have strong insulation properties and are easy to process. When the first end plate 23 and the second end plate 24 are metal end plates, they can be made of high-strength materials such as steel or aluminum, the processing technology is simple, and the sealing performance is also strong.

[0122] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the second silicon steel sheet and the end plate mate in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 10 and Figure 12 In a specific embodiment, a second coolant flow channel b is connected to at least two first coolant flow channels a, and a second coolant flow channel b is connected to at least two first nozzles 232. The distances between the first coolant flow channels a and the inlet 11 vary, resulting in different coolant flow rates within the first coolant flow channels a. The closer the first coolant flow channel a is to the inlet 11, the greater the coolant flow rate; the farther the first coolant flow channel a is from the inlet 11, the smaller the coolant flow rate. Coolant from multiple first coolant flow channels a flows to the same second coolant flow channel b, and then is transmitted through the second coolant flow channel b to the aforementioned at least two first nozzles 232. Therefore, the flow rates of the first nozzles 232 connected to the same second coolant flow channel b are the same. In other words, the second coolant flow channel b effectively re-divides the coolant, which helps improve the uniformity of heat dissipation from the motor to the coil winding 22 along the circumferential direction.

[0123] Figure 13 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to [the diagram]. Figure 13 In another embodiment, the stator core 21 further includes a third silicon steel sheet 217, which is stacked between the second silicon steel sheet 216 and the main body of the stator core 21. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a third silicon steel sheet in an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the second silicon steel sheet and the third silicon steel sheet are joined in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 15 As shown, Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the third silicon steel sheet 217 has a third sub-notch 2171. The third sub-notch 2171 at least partially overlaps with at least two adjacent second sub-notches 2161, connecting at least two adjacent second coolant flow channels b. This design allows for a more uniform flow rate at the first nozzle 232 connected to the adjacent second coolant flow channels b, which is beneficial for improving the uniformity of heat dissipation from the motor to the coil winding 22 along the circumferential direction.

[0124] In a specific embodiment, the third silicon steel sheet 217 also has a fourth sub-notch 2172, which is opposite to the first sub-notch 2151, thereby ensuring that the first coolant flow channel a and the second coolant flow channel b are connected.

[0125] like Figure 15 In the illustrated embodiment, a third sub-notch 2171 connects two adjacent second sub-notches 2161, meaning that a third sub-notch 2171 connects two second coolant channels b. In other embodiments, a third sub-notch 2171 may connect three or more second sub-notches 2161, meaning that a third sub-notch 2171 connects at least three second coolant channels b. This simplifies the structure of the third silicon steel sheet 217 and improves the uniformity of heat dissipation from the motor to the coil winding 22 in the circumferential direction.

[0126] In other embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 15 Furthermore, any two adjacent second sub-notches 2161 can be connected to the same third sub-notch 2171, thus connecting any two adjacent second coolant channels b. This scheme allows all the second coolant channels b around the entire circumference of the stator core 21 to be connected, making the flow rate of the first nozzle 232 in the circumferential direction of the entire stator core 21 more uniform, thereby improving the heat dissipation uniformity and effect of the coil winding 22.

[0127] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second silicon steel sheet in the embodiments of this application. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a possible arrangement of the second silicon steel sheet and the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown in the specific embodiment, the maximum diameter of the second silicon steel sheet 216 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the first end plate 23, making the second coolant channel b between the first end plate 23 and the stator core 21 annular. That is, a second coolant channel b is formed between the first end plate 23 and the first end face 213 of the stator core 21. This second coolant channel b is connected to all the first coolant channels a and to all the first nozzles 232. In this scheme, the coolant transmitted through all the first coolant channels a is further diverted using a second coolant channel b, making the flow rate of coolant ejected from all the first nozzles 232 approximately the same. This scheme makes the flow rate of the circumferentially arranged first nozzles 232 more uniform, improving the cooling uniformity of the coil winding 22.

[0128] In this scheme, since the second silicon steel sheet 216 is small in size, it cannot be fixed by welding. Instead, it can be fixed by gluing or riveting.

[0129] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 18 As shown, in another embodiment, the first nozzle 232 can be distributed in a local area along the circumferential direction of the end plate. Specifically, the aforementioned local area can refer to the area near the top of the motor when the motor is in use. In this area, after the coolant is sprayed onto the coil winding 22, it will flow downwards to the coil winding 22 under the action of gravity to further cool the coil winding 22, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. However, the first nozzle 232 located at the bottom can only cool the bottom of the coil winding 22, after which the coolant drips into the oil return groove and is difficult to reuse, resulting in low utilization. In this embodiment, the coolant is sprayed onto the coil winding 22 from a higher position, therefore, the utilization rate is higher, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the coil winding 22.

[0130] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 19 In another embodiment, the first end plate 23 may also have a preset position 233, which can be the top position of the first end plate 23 when the motor is in use. Alternatively, it can be understood as the highest position of the first end plate 23 along the direction of gravity when the motor is in use. Then, along the circumferential direction, the further away from the preset position 233, the lower the density and the sparser the arrangement of the first nozzles 232. This design allows more coolant to be sprayed from a higher area onto the coil winding 22, and also makes full use of the coolant for heat dissipation, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the coolant.

[0131] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 20 In a specific embodiment, the first end plate 23 may include at least two layers of first nozzles 232, each layer of first nozzles 232 including multiple first nozzles 232 arranged circumferentially, and the first nozzles 232 of different layers are arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 21. This solution is beneficial for increasing the flow rate of coolant within a certain period of time, that is, it can increase the flow velocity of the motor coolant, thereby improving the cooling effect of the motor.

[0132] It is worth noting that, to clarify the concept of "layer" in the embodiments of this application, the following example illustrates this: Each layer A includes multiple A's, and the distance between each A' and the rotation axis of the motor is approximately equal. That is, the A's in each layer A are arranged on the same circumference, and the multiple A's arranged on the same circumference form one layer A. However, the distance between the A's in different layers A and the rotation axis of the motor is different, meaning that the A's in different layers A are arranged on different circumferences.

[0133] For example, Figure 20 In the illustrated embodiment, each layer of first nozzles 232 can be considered as multiple first nozzles 232 arranged circumferentially along the stator core 21, and the distance between each first nozzle 232 in each layer and the rotation axis of the motor is close to or equal to that of the first nozzles 232. That is, each layer of first nozzles 232 is located on the same circumference and arranged in a circular or arc shape. The distances between the first nozzles 232 in different layers and the rotation axis are not equal, that is, the first nozzles 232 in different layers are located on different circumferences. In other words, multiple first nozzles 232 that are approximately equidistant from the rotation axis form a layer of first nozzles 232.

[0134] Figure 21 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 21 In a specific embodiment, when the first end plate 23 includes at least two layers of first nozzles 232, the spraying directions of the two layers of first nozzles 232 are different. This helps to increase the coverage area of ​​the coolant, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the motor coil winding 22.

[0135] Of course, in other embodiments, the spraying directions of the two first nozzles 232 can also be the same. In addition, when the first end plate 23 includes only one first nozzle 232, the first nozzle 232 can spray coolant obliquely toward the coil winding 22, so as to increase the area of ​​the coil winding 22 covered by the sprayed liquid and improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0136] The type of winding of coil winding 22 may vary; for example, the winding may be round (with a circular cross-section) or flat (with a flat cross-section). Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another partial cross-sectional structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another partial cross-sectional structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 22 As shown, after the coil winding 22 is coated with varnish, there are no gaps between the wires. Therefore, the distance between the first nozzle 232 and the axis of the stator 2 can be greater, that is, the radial direction can be more outward. This allows the coolant to be sprayed onto the outside of the coil winding 22, thus covering a larger area and achieving a better cooling effect. Figure 23As shown, the flat wire coil winding 22 has a relatively large gap inside. Therefore, the distance between the first nozzle 232 and the axis of the stator 2 can be closer, that is, the radial direction is more inward. This allows the coolant to be sprayed onto the side of the coil winding 22, and the coolant can enter the gap of the coil winding 22, so as to carry out sufficient heat exchange and achieve a better cooling effect. In the technical solution of this application, by setting the first nozzle 232 on the first end plate 23, the position of the first nozzle 232 can be adjusted according to the actual scenario to improve the heat dissipation effect and provide high flexibility.

[0137] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 24 In another embodiment, to form the second coolant flow channel b, the first end plate 23 may include a plate body 234 and a protrusion 235, the protrusion 235 being fixed to the side of the plate body 234 facing the stator core 21. When the first end plate 23 is installed onto the stator core 21, the protrusion 235 abuts against the stator core 21, thus forming the second coolant flow channel b between the plate body 234 and the first end face 213. This solution has fewer motor parts, which simplifies the motor assembly process.

[0138] The aforementioned plate 234 and protrusion 235 can be an integral structure, which facilitates one-time manufacturing. For example, the first end plate 23 can be a metal end plate, allowing the plate 234 and protrusion 235 to be formed in one piece using a casting process. Alternatively, the first end plate 23 can also be a plastic end plate, allowing the plate 234 and protrusion 235 to be formed in one piece using an injection molding process. This solution reduces the required sealing surface, improves the sealing performance of the second coolant flow channel b, and reduces the risk of leakage.

[0139] It is worth noting that when the second end plate 24 is used to form another second coolant flow channel b', the structure of the first end plate 23 described above can also be adopted, that is, it also includes the plate body 234 and the protrusion 235, which will not be elaborated here.

[0140] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first end plate in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 25 and Figure 26As shown, in one embodiment, the first end plate 23 includes an end plate body 236 and a nozzle accessory 237 fixedly connected to the end plate body 236. Specifically, the nozzle accessory 237 can be detachably connected to the end plate body 236. The end plate body 236 has an outlet (not shown in the figure) communicating with the second coolant flow channel b, and the area of ​​the outlet is larger than the area of ​​the first nozzle 232. During the manufacturing process of the motor, a paint dripping strengthening process is required. Specifically, paint is continuously dripped onto the coil winding 22, allowing the paint to penetrate into the interior of the coil winding 22 and the interior of the first coil slot 211, and then strengthened and cured, thereby improving the strength and insulation effect of the stator 2. During the paint dripping process, because the liquid paint has low viscosity and is easy to flow, it will spread to the surface of the first end plate 23 under the action of capillary force, etc., and easily block the small first nozzle 232 located on the first end plate 23. In this embodiment, the first nozzle 232 is formed on the nozzle accessory 237. Therefore, the paint dripping process can be performed before assembling the nozzle accessory 237. At this point, the outlet size is relatively large, so the outlet is not easily blocked. Then, the aforementioned nozzle accessory 237 is assembled, so that the first nozzle 232 of the nozzle accessory 237 is aligned with the outlet, thereby enabling the flow of coolant.

[0141] Figure 26 In the illustrated embodiment, the nozzle accessory 237 can specifically be a fuel spray plate, and the first nozzle 232 is the opening of the fuel spray plate. In this embodiment, the fuel spray plate can be annular, semi-circular, or other shapes, as long as it can cover the liquid outlet and support the first nozzle 232. In another embodiment, the fuel spray accessory can specifically be a nozzle, and the first nozzle 232 is the mouthpiece of the nozzle. In summary, the specific form of the nozzle accessory 237 is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0142] In the above embodiments, the structure of the stator core 21 facing the first end face and the structure of the first end plate 23 are described as examples. In specific embodiments, the structure of the stator core 21 facing the second end face can have the characteristics of the structure of the stator core facing the second end face in the above embodiments, and the structure of the second end plate 24 can have the characteristics of the structure of the first end plate 23 in the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0143] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of another motor structure in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 27In another embodiment, the stator core 21 has a first end and a second end along the axial direction. The first end can be considered the end of the stator core 21 near the first end face 213, and the second end is the end of the stator core 21 near the second end face 214. The liquid inlet area is located at the second end, on the side of the stator core 21 near the second end face 214. That is, in this embodiment, the liquid inlet 11 of the motor is located at the end of the stator core 21 along the axial direction, not at the center. Coolant flows from the second end of the stator core 21 into the first coolant channel a, and flows along the first coolant channel a towards the first end of the stator core 21.

[0144] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 27 In a specific embodiment, the second end plate 24 can be fitted with the second end face 214 of the stator core 21, and the second end has a second nozzle 241. The second nozzle 241 faces the coil winding 22. The stator core 21 has a fifth coolant channel e inside, which extends axially and penetrates the stator core 21. The fifth coolant channel e can be understood as a hole in the stator core 21 along the axial direction. The end of the fifth coolant channel e near the first end face 213 communicates with the second coolant channel b, and the other end communicates with the second nozzle 241. That is to say, the stator core 21 only has the second coolant channel b between the first end face 213 and the first end plate 23. The coolant enters the first coolant channel a from the inlet area and then enters the second coolant channel b located on one side of the first end face 213. Subsequently, a portion of the coolant is sprayed from the first nozzle 232 of the first end plate 23 onto the coil winding 22 located on the first end face 213 of the stator core 21, while the other portion flows to the fifth coolant channel e, then through the fifth coolant channel e to the second end plate 24, and is sprayed from the second nozzle 241 onto the coil winding 22 located on the second end face 214 of the stator core 21. In this embodiment, the fifth coolant channel e is closer to the heat source, which, in addition to dissipating heat from the coil winding 22, also helps to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the motor.

[0145] In a specific embodiment, the stator core 21 may include multiple fifth coolant channels e, which are arranged circumferentially. This design helps improve the uniformity and effectiveness of heat dissipation in the stator core 21. Furthermore, the stator core 21 may also include multiple layers of fifth coolant channels e arranged radially along the stator core 21 to increase the coolant flow rate of the motor and improve its heat dissipation.

[0146] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 28As shown in the embodiment of this application, the housing 1 may also have a boss 13, and the second end plate 24 abuts against the boss 13. When assembling the motor, the side of the stator 2 with the second end plate 24 can be inserted into the housing 1 first, so that the second end plate 24 abuts against the boss 13. This solution allows for precise positioning using the boss 13, resulting in a more accurate assembly position of the stator 2. Furthermore, it ensures a tighter fit between the second end plate 24 and the stator core 21, reducing the likelihood of leakage.

[0147] In the accompanying drawings of the above embodiment, the first coolant flow channel a (notch 212) is located on the surface of the stator core 21 as an example. However, in other embodiments, please refer to... Figure 29 , Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of another motor structure in an embodiment of this application. The first coolant flow channel a (notch 212) can also be located inside the stator core 21. In this case, the notch 212 is a through hole, which forms the first coolant flow channel a. Specifically, when the stator core 21 includes a first silicon steel sheet 215, the first sub-notch 2151 is a hole located inside the first silicon steel sheet 215, such as a round hole or a square hole, etc. This application does not limit this. At this time, a flow channel groove is prepared on the surface of the stator core 21, and the flow channel groove extends along the circumference of the stator core 21. The flow channel groove communicates with the inlet 11 and with each first coolant flow channel a, so that the coolant enters the flow channel groove from the inlet 11 and then flows into the first coolant flow channel a. The flow channel groove can be an annular flow channel groove or a partial flow channel groove, as long as it can communicate with each first coolant flow channel a. In this design, the stator 2 has a better sealing effect, and the first coolant flow channel a does not need to be formed using the housing 1, which greatly reduces the risk of flow channel leakage.

[0148] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of another motor structure in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 30 Specifically, when configuring the aforementioned first coolant flow channel a, the stator core 21 can include at least two layers of first coolant flow channels a arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 21, with each layer of first coolant flow channels a arranged along the circumferential direction. This scheme can increase the flow rate of the motor's coolant, thereby improving the motor's heat dissipation effect.

[0149] Figure 30 In the illustrated embodiment, all the first coolant channels a are located inside the stator core 21. However, Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 31As shown, in another embodiment, the stator core 21 can be provided with a first coolant channel a on both its surface and interior. That is, at least one first coolant channel a is provided on the surface of the stator core 21, which helps to increase the amount of coolant that the first coolant channel a can transmit and improve the heat dissipation effect of the motor.

[0150] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the motor in an embodiment of this application. Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 32 and Figure 33 In a specific embodiment, a second coolant channel b' can be formed between the second end plate 24 and the second end face 214, and the second end plate 24 has a second nozzle 241. The stator core 21 is also provided with a third coolant channel c and a fourth coolant channel d, which extend axially and penetrate the stator core 21, and are arranged circumferentially along the stator core 21. In a specific embodiment, the first coolant channel a, the third coolant channel c, and the fourth coolant channel d can be arranged in parallel. One end of the third coolant channel c communicates with the second coolant channel b of the first end face 213, and the other end communicates with the second nozzle 241; one end of the fourth coolant channel d communicates with another second coolant channel b' of the second end face 214, and the other end communicates with the first nozzle 232. In other words, the coolant enters the first coolant channel a through the inlet 11. A portion flows towards the first end face 213 to the second coolant channel b, then to the third coolant channel c, and is sprayed from the second nozzle 241 of the second end plate 24 onto the coil winding 22 located on the second end face 214. Another portion flows towards the second end face 214 to another second coolant channel b', then to the fourth coolant channel d, and is sprayed from the first nozzle 232 of the first end plate 23 onto the coil winding 22 located on the first end face 213. In this embodiment, the coolant spends a relatively long time inside the stator core 21, which is beneficial for improving heat dissipation.

[0151] The coolant flows from the first end face 213 to the second end face 214 in the third coolant channel c, and from the second end face 214 to the first end face 213 in the fourth coolant channel d. In other words, the flow direction of the coolant in the third coolant channel c is opposite to that in the fourth coolant channel d, which helps to improve the heat dissipation uniformity of the stator core 21 along the axial direction.

[0152] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 33 The third coolant channel c and the fourth coolant channel d are arranged alternately, which helps to improve the heat dissipation uniformity of the motor stator core in both the axial and circumferential directions.

[0153] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of another lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 34 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the stator core 21 can be provided with at least two layers of flow channels arranged along the radial direction of the stator core 21, each layer of the flow channels including the third coolant flow channel c and the fourth coolant flow channel d. This scheme is beneficial to increasing the flow rate of coolant in the motor, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the motor.

[0154] At this point, please continue to refer to... Figure 34 In a specific embodiment, the third coolant channels c of different layers can be adjacent, and the fourth coolant channels d can be adjacent. In this scheme, the distance between the third coolant channels c and the distance between the fourth coolant channels d are relatively small, which helps to simplify the design of the second channels at both ends of the stator core 21.

[0155] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of another lateral structure of the stator core in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 35 As shown, in another embodiment, the third coolant channel c and the fourth coolant channel d of different layers can be adjacent to each other, that is, the third coolant channel c and the fourth coolant channel d are arranged alternately in any direction. This maximizes the uniform heat dissipation effect of the motor.

[0156] Specifically, when configuring the third and fourth coolant channels, they can be located at the bottom of the first coil slot, in the form of a recess. However, in other embodiments, they can also be located on the side wall of the first coil slot, in the form of a recess. In yet another embodiment, the third and fourth coolant channels can be located inside the stator core, in the form of a hole. In this configuration, the third and fourth coolant channels are located inside the stator core, reducing the likelihood of leakage.

[0157] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electric motor, characterized in that, The motor includes a stator, which comprises a stator core, coil windings, and end plates. The inner surface of the stator core has a plurality of first coil slots, and the coil windings are at least partially located within the first coil slots. The stator core includes a plurality of first silicon steel sheets and a plurality of second silicon steel sheets. The plurality of first silicon steel sheets are stacked to form the stator core body, and the plurality of second silicon steel sheets are stacked at one end of the stator core body, wherein: The surface of the stator core includes circumferentially extending flow channel grooves; At least a portion of the plurality of first silicon steel sheets includes a plurality of through holes arranged in a circumferential direction, the through holes being used to form a first coolant flow channel along the axial direction of the stator core, the first coolant flow channel being used to communicate with the flow channel groove; The end plate is stacked on one end of the plurality of second silicon steel sheets, the end plate is a silicon steel sheet, and the end plate includes a plurality of nozzles distributed circumferentially; The second silicon steel sheet includes a plurality of second sub-notches distributed circumferentially. The second sub-notches of the plurality of second silicon steel sheets are used to form second coolant channels. Each second coolant channel is used to connect a plurality of first coolant channels and a plurality of nozzles along the axial direction of the stator. The projections of the plurality of nozzles along the axial direction of the stator are located within the projections of the second sub-notches.

2. The motor as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stator core includes at least two layers of first coolant channels arranged along the radial direction of the stator core, and each layer of first coolant channels is arranged along the circumferential direction.

3. The motor as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The stator core has a first end face and a second end face at both ends along the axial direction. The stator includes a second coolant channel formed on the first end face and another second coolant channel formed on the second end face. The end of the stator near the first end face includes a plurality of first nozzles, and the end of the stator near the second end face includes a plurality of second nozzles. The first nozzle is connected to the second coolant flow channel, and the first nozzle is directed toward the coil winding; The second nozzle is connected to the other second coolant channel, and the second nozzle is directed toward the coil winding.

4. The motor as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stator core is also provided with a third coolant channel and a fourth coolant channel, which extend along the axial direction and penetrate the stator core, and are arranged along the circumference of the stator core. One end of the third coolant flow channel is connected to the second coolant flow channel on the first end face, and the other end is connected to the second nozzle; One end of the fourth coolant flow channel is connected to the other second coolant flow channel on the second end face, and the other end is connected to the first nozzle.

5. The motor as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The third coolant flow channel and the fourth coolant flow channel are arranged alternately.

6. The motor as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The stator core is provided with at least two layers of flow channels arranged along the radial direction of the stator core, and each layer of flow channels includes the third coolant flow channel and the fourth coolant flow channel.

7. The motor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The motor includes a housing, the stator is assembled to the housing, the housing includes a liquid inlet, the liquid inlet communicates with the flow channel groove, the flow channel groove is used to receive coolant flowing in from the liquid inlet and transport the coolant to the first coolant flow channel.

8. The motor as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stator core has a fifth coolant channel inside, which extends along the axial direction and penetrates the stator core. The end of the fifth coolant flow channel near the first end face is connected to the second coolant flow channel, and the other end is connected to the second nozzle.

9. The motor as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stator further includes a first end plate and a second end plate. The first end plate is installed on one side of the first end face of the stator core, and the second end plate is installed on one side of the second end face of the stator core. The first end plate includes a plurality of first nozzles, and the second end plate includes a plurality of second nozzles.

10. The motor as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The first end plate includes a plate body and a protrusion fixed to the plate body facing the stator core. The protrusion abuts against the end face of the stator core. A plurality of second coolant channels are formed between the first end plate and the first end face, and at least two adjacent second coolant channels are connected.

11. The motor as described in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The first nozzle is distributed in a local area along the circumferential direction of the first end plate.

12. The motor as described in any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The first end plate has a preset position, and the further away from the preset position the area is, the smaller the arrangement density of the first nozzle.

13. The motor as described in any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, The first end plate includes at least two layers of first nozzles arranged in the radial direction along the stator core, with the spraying directions of the two layers of first nozzles being different.

14. The motor as described in any one of claims 9-13, characterized in that, The inner surfaces of the first end plate and the second end plate include a plurality of second coil slots, the second coil slots coincide with the first coil slots, and the coil windings are at least partially located in the second coil slots. The first end plate includes an end plate body and a nozzle fitting fixedly connected to the end plate body. The end plate body has a liquid outlet communicating with the second coolant flow channel, and the area of ​​the liquid outlet is larger than the area of ​​the first nozzle. The first nozzle is formed on the nozzle fitting and is opposite to the liquid outlet.

15. A powertrain, characterized in that, It includes a gearbox and a motor as described in any one of claims 1-14, wherein the motor is connected to the gearbox via a drive shaft.

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