A wear-resistant non-stick cookware and its manufacturing method

Abstract

The present application discloses an abrasion-resistant non-stick cookware and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of kitchenware. The abrasion-resistant non-stick cookware includes a cookware substrate, and a composite thermal spraying layer is formed and adhered on the inner surface of the cookware substrate, and a non-stick layer is formed and adhered on the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer; the composite thermal spraying layer is attached to the surface of the cookware substrate by plasma thermal spraying process with composite particles, and the composite particles include metal particles and wear-resistant particles. The wear-resistant particles can reduce the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer, improve the bonding force between the composite thermal spraying layer and the cookware substrate and the non-stick layer, and enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composite thermal spraying layer, thereby prolonging the service life of the non-stick cookware.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a wear-resistant non-stick cookware and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of kitchenware. Background Art

[0002] A wok is the most commonly used tool in the kitchen cooking process. Non-stick cookware realizes non-sticking of food and convenient cleaning, and is accepted and recognized by most consumers. Common non-stick cookware relies on fluorine coatings (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) or ceramic coatings to form a coating to achieve the non-stick function. However, there are still many defects in the non-stick cookware on the market. For example, the coating formed by the fluorine coating has low hardness and poor wear resistance, so only a silicone spatula can be used and the service life is short; the ceramic coating can improve the wear resistance of the coating, but its non-stick function mainly depends on the methyl group on the surface, and the methyl group is easily damaged at high temperature, resulting in a gradual decline in the non-stick performance, thus shortening the service life of the non-stick cookware.

[0003] In order to solve the problems of wear resistance and durability of the non-stick coating, in the prior art CN113215516B, a metal layer is sprayed on the inner surface of the cookware by plasma spraying and then a non-stick layer is sprayed to improve the long-term non-stick property of the coating. However, the sprayed metal layer has a large porosity problem, causing foaming during the preparation or use of the product coating, thereby reducing the bonding force between the sprayed metal layer and the substrate, easily resulting in coating peeling, and reducing the overall wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the coating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, a wear-resistant non-stick cookware and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. Metal particles and wear-resistant particles are sprayed by plasma spraying to form a composite sprayed layer. The wear-resistant particles can reduce the porosity of the composite sprayed layer, improve the bonding force between the composite sprayed layer and the cookware substrate and the non-stick layer, and enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composite sprayed layer, and extend the service life of the non-stick cookware.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, a wear-resistant non-stick cookware is provided, which includes a cookware substrate, and a composite sprayed layer is formed and adhered on the inner surface of the cookware substrate, and a non-stick layer is formed and adhered on the surface of the composite sprayed layer;

[0006] The composite sprayed layer is attached to the surface of the cookware substrate by plasma spraying of composite particles, and the composite particles include metal particles and wear-resistant particles.

[0007] Optionally, the particle size of the metal particles is 30-60 μm, and the particle size of the wear-resistant particles is 18-30 μm.

[0008] Preferably, the upper limit of the particle size of the metal particles can be 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm, 34 μm, 35 μm, 36 μm, 37 μm, 38 μm, 39 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 42 μm, 43 μm, 44 μm, 45 μm, 46 μm, 47 μm, 48 μm, 49 μm, 50 μm, 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm or 59 μm; the lower limit of the particle size of the metal particles can be 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm, 34 μm, 35 μm, 36 μm, 37 μm, 38 μm, 39 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 42 μm, 43 μm, 44 μm, 45 μm, 46 μm, 47 μm, 48 μm, 49 μm, 50 μm, 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm or 59 μm; preferably, the upper limit of the particle size of the wear-resistant particles can be 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm or 29 μm; the lower limit of the particle size of the wear-resistant particles can be 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm or 29 μm.

[0009] Optionally, the wear-resistant particles account for 10 wt% - 30 wt% of the composite particles.

[0010] Preferably, the upper limit of the wear-resistant particles in the composite particles can be 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt% or 29 wt%; the lower limit of the wear-resistant particles in the composite particles can be 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt% or 29 wt%.

[0011] Optionally, the wear-resistant particles are selected from at least one of silicon carbide, diamond, alumina, silica, titanium oxide, mica, quartz, and fluorite.

[0012] Preferably, the wear-resistant particles are mixed wear-resistant particles of alumina and titanium oxide, and the titanium oxide accounts for 10wt%-40wt% of the mixed wear-resistant particles. Preferably, the upper limit of the content of titanium oxide in the mixed wear-resistant particles can be 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt%, 15wt%, 16wt%, 17wt%, 18wt%, 19wt%, 20wt%, 21wt%, 22wt%, 23wt%, 24wt%, 25wt%, 26wt%, 27wt%, 28wt%, 29wt%, 30wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, 33wt%, 34wt%, 35wt%, 36wt%, 37wt%, 38wt%, 39wt%; the lower limit of the content of titanium oxide in the mixed wear-resistant particles can be 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt%, 15wt%, 16wt%, 17wt%, 18wt%, 19wt%, 20wt%, 21wt%, 22wt%, 23wt%, 24wt%, 25wt%, 26wt%, 27wt%, 28wt%, 29wt%, 30wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, 33wt%, 34wt%, 35wt%, 36wt%, 37wt%, 38wt%, 39wt%.

[0013] Optionally, the metal particles are selected from at least one of iron particles, aluminum particles, titanium particles, and stainless steel particles.

[0014] Preferably, the metal particles are selected from stainless steel particles, and the stainless steel particles are selected from at least one of 301 stainless steel particles, 302 stainless steel particles, 303 stainless steel particles, 304 stainless steel particles, 316 stainless steel particles, 321 stainless steel particles, 405 stainless steel particles, 409 stainless steel particles, 420 stainless steel particles, 430 stainless steel particles, 431 stainless steel particles, 434 stainless steel particles, and 818 stainless steel particles. The stainless steel particles have a certain wear resistance, which can extend the service life of the cookware and also improve the corrosion resistance of the composite spraying layer.

[0015] Optionally, the composite particles further include 5wt%-20wt% of matrix particles, the particle size of the matrix particles is 2-10μm, and the material of the matrix particles is the same as that of the cookware matrix.

[0016] Preferably, the upper limit of the matrix particles in the composite particles can be 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt% or 19 wt%; the lower limit of the matrix particles in the composite particles can be 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt% or 19 wt%. Preferably, the upper limit of the particle size of the matrix particles can be 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm or 9 μm; the lower limit of the particle size of the matrix particles can be 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm or 9 μm.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer is 50 - 80 μm, and the thickness of the non-stick layer is 50 - 60 μm.

[0018] Preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer can be 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm, 59 μm, 60 μm, 61 μm, 62 μm, 63 μm, 64 μm, 65 μm, 66 μm, 67 μm, 68 μm, 69 μm, 70 μm, 71 μm, 72 μm, 73 μm, 74 μm, 75 μm, 76 μm, 77 μm, 78 μm or 79 μm; the lower limit of the thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer can be 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm, 59 μm, 60 μm, 61 μm, 62 μm, 63 μm, 64 μm, 65 μm, 66 μm, 67 μm, 68 μm, 69 μm, 70 μm, 71 μm, 72 μm, 73 μm, 74 μm, 75 μm, 76 μm, 77 μm, 78 μm or 79 μm; preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the non-stick layer can be 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm or 59 μm; the lower limit of the thickness of the non-stick layer can be 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm, 54 μm, 55 μm, 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm or 59 μm.

[0019] Optionally, the surface roughness Rz of the cookware substrate is 55 - 65 μm, the surface roughness Rz of the composite thermal spraying layer is 65 - 75 μm, and the surface roughness Rz of the non-stick layer is 45 - 55 μm.

[0020] Preferably, the upper limit of the surface roughness Rz of the cookware substrate can be 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm, 59 μm, 60 μm, 61 μm, 62 μm, 63 μm or 64 μm; the lower limit of the surface roughness Rz of the cookware substrate can be 56 μm, 57 μm, 58 μm, 59 μm, 60 μm, 61 μm, 62 μm, 63 μm or 64 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of the surface roughness Rz of the composite spraying layer can be 66 μm, 67 μm, 68 μm, 69 μm, 70 μm, 71 μm, 72 μm, 73 μm or 74 μm; the lower limit of the surface roughness Rz of the composite spraying layer can be 66 μm, 67 μm, 68 μm, 69 μm, 70 μm, 71 μm, 72 μm, 73 μm or 74 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of the surface roughness Rz of the non-stick layer can be 46 μm, 47 μm, 48 μm, 49 μm, 50 μm, 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm or 54 μm; the lower limit of the surface roughness Rz of the non-stick layer can be 46 μm, 47 μm, 48 μm, 49 μm, 50 μm, 51 μm, 52 μm, 53 μm or 54 μm.

[0021] Optionally, the cookware substrate is selected from an iron-based substrate, an aluminum-based substrate, a copper-based substrate or a titanium-based substrate. According to the type of the cookware substrate, the matrix particles to be added are selected. For example, when the cookware substrate is selected from an iron-based substrate, 5 wt%-20 wt% of iron particles are added to the composite particles to improve the bonding strength between the composite spraying layer and the cookware substrate.

[0022] Optionally, the non-stick layer is a fluororesin coating or an inorganic coating.

[0023] Optionally, the non-stick layer includes a bottom layer and a surface layer. The thickness of the bottom layer is 10-20 μm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 25-35 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the bottom layer can be 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm or 19 μm; the lower limit of the thickness of the bottom layer can be 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm or 19 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the surface layer can be 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, 30 μm, 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm or 34 μm; the lower limit of the thickness of the surface layer can be 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, 30 μm, 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm or 34 μm.

[0024] Preferably, the non-stick layer further includes a middle layer with a thickness of 15-25 μm. Preferably, the upper limit of the thickness of the middle layer can be 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm or 24 μm; the lower limit of the thickness of the middle layer can be 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm or 24 μm.

[0025] Optionally, the bottom thickness of the non-stick layer is not less than the side thickness.

[0026] Optionally, the bottom thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer is not less than the side thickness.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a manufacturing method of the wear-resistant non-stick cookware described in any one of the above, which includes the following steps:

[0028] Forming the cookware substrate;

[0029] Shot peening and sandblasting the inner surface of the cookware substrate;

[0030] Thermally spraying the composite particle plasma spraying process onto the surface of the cookware substrate to form a composite thermal spraying layer;

[0031] Spraying the non-stick layer raw material onto the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer to form a non-stick layer, thus obtaining the wear-resistant non-stick cookware.

[0032] Optionally, when the composite particles are ejected from the plasma gun, the metal particles are in a molten state and the wear-resistant particles are in a non-molten state;

[0033] When the composite particles reach the surface of the cookware substrate, the temperature of the composite particles is 500-600 °C.

[0034] Optionally, before the composite particle plasma spraying, the cookware substrate is preheated to 180-200 °C, and then the composite particle plasma spraying is carried out.

[0035] Optionally, the non-stick layer adopts a cold spraying process, the baking temperature of the bottom layer is 180 °C, the baking time is 5-10 min, the baking temperature of the top layer is 380 °C, the baking time is 25-30 min, and the baking temperature of the middle layer is 180 °C, the baking time is 10-20 min.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present application include but are not limited to:

[0037] 1. In the wear-resistant non-stick cookware provided by the present application, in the composite sprayed layer formed by plasma spraying of wear-resistant particles and metal particles, the wear-resistant particles can play a role in sealing pores, reducing the porosity of the composite sprayed layer, preventing the coating from foaming during use, improving the bonding force between the composite sprayed layer and the cookware substrate, reducing the delamination risk, and extending the service life of the cookware.

[0038] 2. In the wear-resistant non-stick cookware provided by the present application, the wear-resistant particles have high hardness. Dispersed in the composite sprayed layer, they can improve the wear resistance of the composite sprayed layer and the non-stick layer, endow the composite sprayed layer with appropriate roughness, increase the contact area and bonding force with the non-stick layer, thereby improving the corrosion resistance and long-term non-stick property.

[0039] 3. In the wear-resistant non-stick cookware provided by the present application, matrix particles are added to the composite particles, which play a transitional role in the composite sprayed layer and further improve the bonding force between the composite sprayed layer and the cookware substrate.

[0040] 4. In the wear-resistant non-stick cookware provided by the present application, the particle size and proportion of the wear-resistant particles enable the wear-resistant particles to form a firm inlay with the rough surface of the cookware substrate, improve the adhesion of the composite sprayed layer, and play a good role in wear resistance and protecting the composite sprayed layer. Description of the Drawings

[0041] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and form a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the wear-resistant non-stick cookware related to Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0043] Figure 2 is a mechanism analysis diagram of the plasma spraying process related to Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0044] List of Components and Reference Numerals:

[0045] 1. Cookware Substrate; 2. Composite Sprayed Layer; 3. Non-stick Layer; 4. Wear-resistant Particles. Detailed Embodiments

[0046] For a clearer explanation of the overall concept of the present application, the following is a detailed description by way of examples in combination with the drawings of the specification.

[0047] In order to be able to more clearly understand the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application, the following further detailed description of the present application is made in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0048] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

[0051] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0053] Embodiment 1

[0054] Reference Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a wear-resistant non-stick cookware, which includes a cookware substrate 1, a composite thermal spraying layer 2 is formed and adhered on the inner surface of the cookware substrate 1, and a non-stick layer 3 is formed and adhered on the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer 2; the composite thermal spraying layer 2 is attached to the surface of the cookware substrate 1 by plasma spraying process with composite particles, and the composite particles include metal particles and wear-resistant particles 4.

[0055] Wear-resistant particles 4 are added to the composite thermal spraying layer 2. The metal particles are in a molten state or a semi-molten state during plasma spraying, and the wear-resistant particles 4 are in a non-molten state during plasma spraying. According to the impulse formula Ft = mv2 - mv1, the velocity changes of metal particles and wear-resistant particles 4 with the same mass are the same, so the impulse is the same. Since the metal particles are in a molten state or a semi-molten state, there is a process of contact and flattening on the surface of the substrate, so the time is longer and the impact force is smaller; after the composite particles are sprayed, since the wear-resistant particles 4 are in a non-molten state, that is, in a particle state. Therefore, the impact force of the wear-resistant particles 4 is greater, and more of them are deposited or even embedded in the surface of the substrate. The wear-resistant particles 4 play a role of "driving piles" to improve the bonding force between the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1; second, because the wear-resistant particles 4 have a high hardness, they can improve the hardness of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and thus enhance the overall wear resistance of the coating; third, the wear-resistant particles 4 are evenly dispersed in the composite thermal spraying layer 2, which can fill the pores of the composite thermal spraying layer formed by the metal particles, play a role of sealing the pores, reduce the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer 2, and extend the service life of the coating.

[0056] As an implementation mode of the present application, the particle size of the metal particles is 30 - 60 μm, and the particle size of the wear-resistant particles 4 is 18 - 30 μm. The metal particles are plasma sprayed to form a metal layer, and the wear-resistant particles 4 are dispersed in the metal layer to reduce the porosity of the metal layer, thereby obtaining the composite thermal spraying layer 2. The particle size setting of the metal particles facilitates the heating of the metal particles during plasma spraying, improves the consistency of the state of all metal particles, and improves the adhesion of the metal droplets. Thus, the metal particles can form a uniform and consistent metal layer on the inner surface of the cookware substrate 1. If the particle size of the metal particles is too large, it is easy to cause insufficient melting of the metal particles during plasma spraying, reducing the flatness of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and the bonding force with the cookware substrate 1; if the particle size of the metal particles is too small, the impact force of the metal particles during plasma spraying is insufficient, the formed composite thermal spraying layer 2 is too thin, and the wear resistance of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 is insufficient. If the same wear resistance effect is to be achieved, multiple plasma sprayings are required, increasing the production cost and reducing the production efficiency.

[0057] There are unevenness on the inner surface of the cookware substrate 1. The wear-resistant particles 4 can combine with the surface of the cookware substrate 1 to act as a wear-resistant layer, enabling the cookware to have better wear resistance. This particle size can not only make the wear-resistant particles 4 embed in the inner surface of the cookware substrate 1 to improve the bonding force between the composite spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1, but also effectively fill the pores of the metal layer formed by the metal particles to reduce the porosity of the composite spraying layer 2. And the above particle size can make the surface roughness of the composite spraying layer 2 moderate, increase the contact area between the composite spraying layer 2 and the non-stick layer 3, and further improve the bonding force between the composite spraying layer 2 and the non-stick layer 3. If the particle size of the wear-resistant particles 4 is too small, the impact force of the wear-resistant particles 4 plasma-sprayed onto the surface of the cookware substrate 1 is small, and it cannot play the role of "driving piles", resulting in insufficient bonding force between the composite spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1, and easily causing blistering and coating peeling. If the particle size of the wear-resistant particles 4 is too large, the wear-resistant particles 4 cannot effectively fill the pores of the metal layer, resulting in an increase in the porosity of the composite spraying layer 2, thereby reducing the corrosion resistance of the non-stick cookware.

[0058] As an embodiment of the present application, the wear-resistant particles 4 account for 10wt%-30wt% of the composite particles. The wear-resistant particles 4 have the characteristics of high melting point and high hardness. The content of the above wear-resistant particles 4 can, firstly, improve the bonding force between the composite spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1 or the non-stick layer 3; secondly, reduce the porosity and wear resistance of the composite spraying layer 2; thirdly, the surface energy of the wear-resistant particles 4 themselves is relatively low, which can endow the composite spraying layer 2 with a certain non-stick property. If the content of the wear-resistant particles 4 is too low, the effect of improving the wear resistance and reducing the porosity of the composite spraying layer 2 is not obvious. If the content of the wear-resistant particles 4 is too high, the number of non-molten wear-resistant particles 4 contained in the composite spraying layer 2 increases, and it is easy to have serious agglomeration of the wear-resistant particles 4, reducing the flatness of the composite spraying layer 2, reducing the bonding force between the composite spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1 or the non-stick layer 3, increasing the porosity of the composite spraying layer 2, and also causing an increase in cost.

[0059] As an embodiment of the present application, the wear-resistant particles 4 are selected from at least one of silicon carbide, diamond, alumina, silica, titanium oxide, mica, quartz, and fluorite. The metal particles are selected from at least one of iron particles, aluminum particles, titanium particles, and stainless steel particles. The stainless steel particles have a certain wear resistance, can extend the service life of the cookware, and can also improve the corrosion resistance of the composite spraying layer 2.

[0060] As an embodiment of the present application, the wear-resistant particles 4 are mixed wear-resistant particles 4 of alumina and titanium oxide, and the titanium oxide accounts for 10 wt% - 40 wt% of the mixed wear-resistant particles 4. The above two wear-resistant particles 4 of alumina and titanium oxide, first, have high strength themselves and can well act as a wear-resistant layer, enabling the cookware to have good wear resistance; second, their surface energy is relatively low compared with metal particles, so they can endow the composite thermal spraying layer 2 with a certain non-stick property; third, when the above two wear-resistant particles 4 are thermally sprayed by plasma, they can quickly be embedded with the substrate under the spraying power of the plasma spray gun, improving the bonding force between the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and the substrate; fourth, when the metal particles are in a molten or semi-molten state, the above two wear-resistant particles 4 impact the inner surface of the cookware substrate 1 together with the metal particle droplets to form a dense composite thermal spraying layer 2. The proportion coordination of the two wear-resistant particles 4 can further improve the hole sealing effect, thereby further reducing the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and reducing the probability of penetration of corrosive liquids such as acids and salts; fifth, after they adhere to the substrate surface, they will undergo partial agglomeration to form crystal nuclei. Since both alumina and titanium oxide are octahedral tetragonal crystal systems, a mixed crystal with edges can be formed. This mixed crystal can not only improve the adhesion of the composite thermal spraying layer 2, but also the part higher than the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 can play a positioning role for the non-stick coating formed by subsequent spraying, thereby avoiding the peeling of the non-stick coating caused by the force in the tangential force direction and prolonging the service life of the cookware.

[0061] As an embodiment of the present application, the composite particles further include 5 wt% - 20 wt% of substrate particles. The particle size of the substrate particles is 2 - 10 μm, and the material of the substrate particles is the same as that of the cookware substrate 1. Adding substrate particles can play a transitional role in the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and further improve the bonding force between the composite thermal spraying layer 2 and the cookware substrate 1. If the addition amount is too small, the effect of enhancing the bonding force is not obvious; if the addition amount is too large, the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 will increase; if an aluminum-based substrate is used as the cookware substrate 1 and too much aluminum matrix particles are added, the hardness and wear resistance of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 will be insufficient; if an iron-based substrate is used as the cookware substrate 1 and too much iron matrix particles are added, the corrosion resistance of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 will be insufficient; if the particle size is too small, the driving force of the substrate particles in plasma thermal spraying is insufficient and they cannot play a transitional role; if the particle size is too large, the pores of the composite thermal spraying layer 2 will increase, and foaming and delamination are likely to occur.

[0062] As an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 is 50-80 μm, and the thickness of the non-stick layer 3 is 50-60 μm. The thickness of the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 is greater than the particle size of the wear-resistant particles 4, and can effectively adhere to the cookware substrate 1, can achieve the burial of the entire wear-resistant particles 4, reduce the risk of exposure of the wear-resistant particles 4, and is conducive to the adhesion of the non-stick layer 3. The thickness of the non-stick layer 3 can reduce the surface energy of the cookware surface and improve the wear resistance of the cookware surface. Combined with the thickness of the composite melt-sprayed layer 2, it can improve the coating of the cookware substrate 1 and improve the shedding problem of the non-stick layer 3.

[0063] As an embodiment of the present application, the roughness Rz of the surface of the cookware base 1 is 55-65 μm, the roughness Rz of the surface of the composite sprayed layer 2 is 65-75 μm, and the roughness Rz of the surface of the non-stick layer 3 is 45-55 μm.

[0064] The surface roughness of the cookware base 1 is the roughness after shot blasting. This setting can form a concave-convex structure on the surface of the cookware. The concave-convex structure makes the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 anisotropic during the adhesion process, and can form a certain interlocking state with the subsequent composite melt-sprayed layer 2, thereby increasing the contact area with the composite melt-sprayed layer 2, so that the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 can be tightly combined with the cookware base 1, and the bonding force between the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 and the cookware base 1 is improved, ensuring that the cookware will not fall off during use. Compared with the overall plane, even if the concave-convex structure falls off, it is only a small part of the microscopic area, and there will be no large part of the joint like the plane part. The first is to prevent the non-stick layer 3 from falling off; the second is to protect the non-stick layer 3 and ensure long-lasting non-stick properties. The concave-convex structure transitions to the composite melt-sprayed layer 2 and the non-stick layer 3. During the use of the cookware, only the raised part is worn, thereby effectively reducing the effective area of wear, and even if the raised part is worn, the inclined surface and the concave part can still exert their own non-stick properties; the third is to ensure the physical non-stick properties of the cookware. The uneven structure can effectively reduce the contact area between the food and the surface of the cookware, reducing the chance of adhesion; during the heating process, the inside of the concave part will have water vapor to lift the food to a certain extent, and the food will be under the action of the upward force, thereby reducing the chance of adhesion. Sandblasting the cookware base 1 after shot blasting is conducive to forming a smaller concave-convex structure on the surface of the cookware base 1 after shot blasting, further improving the adhesion of the composite melt-sprayed layer 2.

[0065] The surface roughness of the composite sprayed layer 2 is not less than the surface roughness of the cookware base 1. This setting can make the surface of the composite sprayed layer 2 also have an uneven structure, thereby improving the bonding force between the composite sprayed layer 2 and the non-stick layer 3 and improving the wear resistance and stability of the non-stick layer 3.

[0066] The non-stick layer 3 has an extremely low surface energy, and the surface roughness can reduce the contact area between the food ingredients and the surface of the cookware, which can achieve both physical non-stick and chemical non-stick, and has good non-stick performance.

[0067] As an embodiment of the present application, the cookware substrate 1 is selected from an iron-based substrate, an aluminum-based substrate, a copper-based substrate or a titanium-based substrate.

[0068] As an embodiment of the present application, the non-stick layer 3 is a fluororesin coating or an inorganic coating. Preferably, the non-stick layer 3 is a polytetrafluoroethylene resin coating, which can be tightly combined with the composite spraying layer 2, reduce the peeling rate of the non-stick layer 3, and improve the wear resistance and chemical stability of the cookware surface.

[0069] As an embodiment of the present application, the non-stick layer 3 includes a bottom layer and a surface layer. The thickness of the bottom layer is 10-20 μm; the thickness of the surface layer is 25-35 μm. The bottom layer is combined with the composite spraying layer 2 to play a transitional role and improve the bonding force between the overall non-stick layer 3 and the composite spraying layer 2. The surface layer is in direct contact with the food ingredients, which can improve the wear resistance and chemical stability of the cookware surface and reduce the cracking probability of the non-stick layer 3.

[0070] As an embodiment of the present application, the non-stick layer 3 further includes a middle layer, and the thickness of the middle layer is 15-25 μm. The middle layer can improve the bonding force between the bottom layer and the surface layer, and increase the thickness of the non-stick layer 3, thereby extending the service life of the non-stick layer 3.

[0071] As an embodiment of the present application, the bottom thickness of the non-stick layer 3 is not less than the side thickness, and the bottom thickness of the composite spraying layer 2 is not less than the side thickness. The main heating surface of the cookware is at the bottom, and the contact area between the bottom and the food ingredients is also the largest. The thickness of the bottom of the non-stick layer 3 and the composite spraying layer 2 is greater than that of the side, which can improve the strength, wear resistance and stability of the cookware and extend the service life of the cookware.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides a manufacturing method of a wear-resistant non-stick cookware, which includes the following steps: forming the cookware substrate; performing shot peening and sandblasting on the inner surface of the cookware substrate; spraying the composite particle plasma spraying process onto the surface of the cookware substrate to form a composite spraying layer; spraying the non-stick layer raw material onto the surface of the composite spraying layer to form a non-stick layer, thus obtaining the wear-resistant non-stick cookware.

[0074] Specifically, the pot body can be formed by die-casting, stretching or forging, and the appropriate method can be selected according to actual needs. Before shot peening and sandblasting the surface of the pot body, the surface of the pot body can also be pretreated, including: (1) degreasing: using a cleaner to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface of the pot body and then drying it; (2) bottom attachment: determining whether to attach a bottom according to the material of the pot body, and selecting a suitable method for bottom attachment according to the different pot bodies. After bottom attachment, the pot body can be cleaned and dried again.

[0075] As an embodiment of the present application, a shot blasting machine is used to perform shot peening on the inner surface of the pot. The diameter of the steel balls is 1-2 mm, the pressure is 4-8 kg, and the shot peening time is 25 s-35 s, so as to form the concave-convex structure as shown in Figure 1 on the inner surface of the pot body. This concave-convex structure extends into the composite thermal spraying layer and the non-stick layer, improving the bonding strength between the layers, preventing the coating from peeling off, enhancing the abrasion resistance of the pot, and extending the service life of the pot.

[0076] As an embodiment of the present application, white fused alumina with 70-100 meshes is used for sandblasting, the sandblasting air pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, and the time is 13-17 s. Since the sand has a small particle size and a fast flow rate, it can achieve a polishing effect, effectively removing the sharp points and overly protruding parts formed by shot peening on the surface, preventing these parts from affecting the bonding between the composite thermal spraying layer and the pot body, thus providing a relatively uniform surface of the pot body for the composite thermal spraying layer and improving the bonding strength between the two. Moreover, the sandblasting process is equivalent to a fine polishing of the rough surface formed by shot peening, effectively improving the appearance. The sandblasting treatment is beneficial to forming smaller concave-convex structures on the surface of the pot body 1 after shot peening, further enhancing the adhesion of the composite thermal spraying layer 2.

[0077] As an embodiment of the present application, when the composite particles are sprayed from the plasma gun, the metal particles are in a molten state and the wear-resistant particles are in a non-molten state; when the composite particles reach the surface of the pot body, the temperature of the composite particles is 500-600 °C. Under this setting, the metal particles can contact the surface of the pot body and flatten to form a uniform metal layer, and play a bonding role for the wear-resistant particles; the wear-resistant particles can be embedded in the surface of the pot body, playing a "piling" role, improving the bonding strength between the composite thermal spraying layer and the pot body. Moreover, the wear-resistant particles are dispersed in the metal particles, which can effectively reduce the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer and prevent the composite thermal spraying layer and the non-stick layer from foaming.

[0078] Specifically, select an appropriate spraying temperature according to the melting points of the metal particles and wear-resistant particles used to ensure that when the plasma gun sprays, the metal particles are in a molten state and the wear-resistant particles are in a non-molten state, and when the composite particles reach the surface of the cookware substrate, the temperature of the composite particles is 500-600 °C. The other parameters of plasma spraying are: spraying distance 80-250 mm, current: 550 A, argon 45 L / min, hydrogen 4 L / min, voltage 65 V, power 35.79 KW, argon pressure 0.65 MPa, hydrogen pressure 0.59 MPa, chain transmission speed 1.16 m / s, cyclic spraying time 19.85 s, cycle period 20.97 s. The powder feeding parameters are: the rotation speed of powder bucket A is 4 r / min, the flow rate is 5 L / min, the rotation speed of powder bucket B is 3 r / min, the flow rate is set at 5 L / min, powder bucket A contains metal particles, and powder bucket B contains wear-resistant particles.

[0079] As an implementation manner of the present application, before spraying the non-stick layer, polish and clean the composite spraying layer. The polishing can be carried out by using a scouring pad, sandpaper, etc., mainly to not damage the surface structure of the composite spraying layer, and is mainly used to remove the dross on the surface of the composite spraying layer. Cleaning can further remove some dust and polishing residues, making the combination between the non-stick coating and the composite spraying layer closer and avoiding delamination of the non-stick layer.

[0080] As an implementation manner of the present application, before the plasma spraying of the composite particles, preheat the cookware substrate to 180-200 °C, and then carry out the plasma spraying of the composite particles. As Figure 2 shown, the temperature of the molten droplets is very high during plasma spraying. If it directly contacts the cold substrate, there is a large temperature difference on the contact surface, causing the lower part of a molten droplet to solidify instantly while the upper part separates and splashes under the action of the impact force, forming sputtering particles, thus resulting in a high porosity of the composite spraying layer, reducing the bonding force between the composite spraying layer and the cookware substrate, and affecting the quality of the composite spraying layer; while the preheated substrate enables the molten droplets to have a relatively slow spreading process, reducing the splashing of the molten droplets and improving the quality of the composite spraying layer.

[0081] As an implementation manner of the present application, before the plasma spraying of the metal particles and wear-resistant particles, place the metal particles and wear-resistant particles in an oven and dry them at 150-170 °C for at least 24 h. This drying can remove the residual moisture in the particles and ensure the spraying effect of the composite spraying layer formed by the plasma spraying process.

[0082] As an implementation mode of the present application, the non-stick layer adopts a cold spraying process. The baking temperature of the bottom layer is 180 °C, and the baking time is 5 - 10 min. The baking temperature of the surface layer is 380 °C, and the baking time is 25 - 30 min. The baking temperature of the middle layer is 180 °C, and the baking time is 10 - 20 min. At the above baking temperatures, the raw materials of the non-stick layer can level and solidify and bond, so that each coating adheres to the surface of the cookware substrate. The surface layer has the highest thickness and baking temperature, which can improve the adhesion of the surface layer, reduce the shrinkage rate of the surface layer when heated or cooled, and extend the service life of the overall non-stick layer.

[0083] According to the above manufacturing method, an aluminum-based substrate is used as the cookware substrate, and the composite particles in Table 1 are sprayed by plasma spraying on the cookware substrate to form a composite sprayed layer, and a non-stick layer is sprayed in the composite sprayed layer to obtain cookware 1# - 15# and comparative cookware D1# - D2#. Among them, in this embodiment, the metal particles are tested with 316 stainless steel particles as an example. In cookware 1# - 14# and comparative cookware D2#, the wear-resistant particles used are a mixed wear-resistant particles of alumina and titanium oxide, and titanium oxide accounts for 20 wt% of the mixed wear-resistant particles. And in comparative cookware D2#, the same spraying temperature as that of cookware 3# is adopted. In plasma spraying, the wear-resistant particles have impact energy and heat, which soften the surface of the cookware substrate so that the wear-resistant particles combine with the cookware substrate; silicon carbide is used as the wear-resistant particle in cookware 15#. For those skilled in the art, the remaining metal particles and wear-resistant particles can also achieve the same technical effects as those of the present application. In Table 1, "-" represents not added or not preheated. The thickness of the composite sprayed layer in Table 1 is 70 μm, the thickness of the bottom layer is 20 μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 15 μm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 25 μm.

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Using the same preparation process as that of cookware 3# above, cookware 16# - 19# with different thicknesses are obtained, and the specific differences are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2

[0089]

[0090] Test example

[0091] The cookware prepared in Example 2 was tested for corrosion resistance, persistent non-stickiness, adhesion, and total heavy metal migration amount. The test results are shown in Table 2. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0092] Corrosion resistance: Pour the analytical pure sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 5% (prepare the solution first and then pour it into the cooking utensil) into the cooking utensil until the solution reaches a height more than 1 / 2 of the cooking utensil. Cover the lid and heat it on the heat source until it boils (recommended 2100W). Then keep it boiling gently (recommended 300W) and continue heating for 7h. During the boiling process, the distilled water should be added in time to supplement the evaporated sodium chloride solution (5%) to keep the solution height unchanged. Remove the cooking utensil from the heat source, place it in a normal temperature environment (23℃±2℃) for 16h, wash the salt stain with clean water, dry the surface with a soft cloth, and immediately conduct a visual inspection. This test is carried out continuously for 2 times.

[0093] Permanent non-stick: Fix the cleaned and dried cookware and the steel wool on the testing machine, apply a force of 1.5 kg on the connecting rod fixing the steel wool, adjust the frequency to 60 times / min and the reciprocating movement distance to 100 mm, start the testing machine, and record the number of cycles; replace the steel wool every 10,000 cycles. After the number of cycles is completed, test the non-stick property. The non-stick property test method refers to the test method in Section 4.2.1 of GB / T32095.2-2015. Requirements: The non-stick property reaches level 2 after 100,000 cycles.

[0094] Total migration amount of heavy metals: 4% acetic acid, soak at 100℃ for 4h. Standard indicators: The surface is flat, the color is uniform, and there are no pores. After soaking, there are no cracks, no bubbles, no peeling, and the soaking solution has no sensory deterioration such as coloring, turbidity, precipitation, and strange smell. The total migration amount ≤ 10mg / dm 2 。

[0095] Table 3

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] According to the test data in Table 3, compared with cookware 3#, the particle size of the metal particles in cookware 4# becomes larger. Then, during the plasma spraying process, the metal particles are not fully melted, reducing the bonding force between the composite spraying layer and the cookware substrate. Compared with cookware 3#, the particle size of the metal particles in cookware 5# is smaller, so the impact force during spraying is insufficient, the formed composite spraying layer is thinner, and the wear resistance of the composite spraying layer is reduced.

[0099] Compared with cookware 3#, the addition amount of wear-resistant particles in cookware 6# is reduced, which has a certain improvement on the sealing property of the composite spraying layer. However, it bubbles in the second cycle, and the improvement effect is not good. Compared with cookware 3#, the particle size of the wear-resistant particles in cookware 7# is smaller and the impact force is small. Therefore, the "piling" effect is not obvious, resulting in insufficient bonding force between the composite spraying layer and the cookware substrate, and it bubbles in the second cycle of testing. Compared with cookware 3#, the particle size of the wear-resistant particles in cookware 8# is larger, resulting in an increase in the pores of the composite spraying layer during the spraying process, and the performance in all aspects declines.

[0100] Compared with Cookware 3#, Cookware 9# was not preheated. During the thermal spraying process, sputtering particles are likely to exist, resulting in a higher porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer, a decrease in the bonding strength between the composite thermal spraying layer and the cookware substrate, poor corrosion resistance, and an increase in the total heavy metal migration amount.

[0101] Compared with Cookware 6#, Cookware 10# - 12# added aluminum powder in different proportions, solving the problem of foaming during the corrosion resistance test of the cookware, indicating that the matrix particles, as transitional elements, solved the bonding problem between the composite thermal spraying layer and the substrate. Compared with Cookware 3#, Cookware 13# had a relatively large particle size of the added matrix particles, resulting in insufficient sealing effect of the composite thermal spraying layer, easy foaming, reduced corrosion resistance, and an increase in the total heavy metal migration amount. Compared with Cookware 3#, Cookware 14# had a relatively large content of the added matrix particles, which also led to insufficient sealing effect of the composite thermal spraying layer and an increase in the total heavy metal migration rate.

[0102] Compared with Cookware 3#, Cookware 15# replaced the type of wear-resistant particles with silicon carbide, which could also reduce the porosity of the composite thermal spraying layer and improve the bonding strength between the composite thermal spraying layer and the cookware substrate. Cookware 15# had better performance in all aspects.

[0103] Compared with Cookware 3#, Comparative Cookware D1# had a metal thermal spraying layer formed by thermal spraying of pure metal particles. Compared with Cookware 3#, Comparative Cookware D2# had a wear-resistant thermal spraying layer formed by thermal spraying of wear-resistant particles. The porosity of the metal thermal spraying layer and the wear-resistant thermal spraying layer increased, the bonding strength with the cookware substrate decreased, the corrosion resistance and persistent non-stickiness decreased, and the total heavy metal migration amount increased.

[0104] As mentioned above, the above are only the embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited by these specific embodiments, but is determined by the claims of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical idea and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant non-stick cookware, which comprises a cookware substrate, characterized in that, A composite thermal spraying layer is formed and adhered on the inner surface of the cookware substrate, and a non-stick layer is formed and adhered on the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer; The composite thermal spraying layer is adhered to the surface of the cookware substrate by composite particles through a plasma spraying process, and the composite particles include metal particles and wear-resistant particles; The composite particles further include 5wt%-20wt% of matrix particles, the particle size of the matrix particles is 2-10μm, and the material of the matrix particles is the same as that of the cookware substrate.

2. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, wherein, The particle size of the metal particles is 30-60μm, and the particle size of the wear-resistant particles is 18-30μm; and / or The wear-resistant particles account for 10wt%-30wt% of the composite particles.

3. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, wherein The wear-resistant particles are selected from at least one of silicon carbide, diamond, alumina, silica, titanium oxide, mica, quartz, and fluorite; and / or The metal particles are selected from at least one of iron particles, aluminum particles, titanium particles, and stainless steel particles.

4. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer is 50-80μm, and the thickness of the non-stick layer is 50-60μm.

5. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roughness Rz of the surface of the cookware substrate is 55-65μm, the roughness Rz of the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer is 65-75μm, and the roughness Rz of the surface of the non-stick layer is 45-55μm.

6. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, wherein, The cookware substrate is selected from an iron-based substrate, an aluminum-based substrate, a copper-based substrate, or a titanium-based substrate; and / or The non-stick layer is a fluororesin coating or an inorganic coating.

7. The wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 1, wherein The bottom thickness of the non-stick layer is not less than the side thickness; and / or The bottom thickness of the composite thermal spraying layer is not less than the side thickness.

8. A manufacturing method of the wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The cookware substrate is formed; Shot peening and sandblasting are carried out on the inner surface of the cookware substrate; The composite particles are sprayed onto the surface of the cookware substrate by a plasma spraying process to form a composite thermal spraying layer; The non-stick layer raw material is sprayed onto the surface of the composite thermal spraying layer to form a non-stick layer, and thus the wear-resistant non-stick cookware is obtained.

9. The manufacturing method of the wear-resistant non-stick cookware according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the composite particles are sprayed from the plasma gun, the metal particles are in a molten state, and the wear-resistant particles are in a non-molten state; When the composite particles reach the surface of the cookware substrate, the temperature of the composite particles is 500-600°C.

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