Nucleic acid sample pretreatment device and method

Abstract

The present application discloses a nucleic acid sample pretreatment device and method, wherein the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device includes at least one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism includes a gas sampling unit, a liquefaction unit, a liquid sample processing unit, a sample collection unit, a vacuum filtration unit, a flow cleaning unit, and a waste liquid collection unit. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism of the present application can suck the gas phase sample into the liquefaction unit to liquefy it into a liquid phase sample, the liquid phase sample can be inactivated by the liquid phase sample processing unit, the processed liquid phase sample can be temporarily stored by the sample collection unit, and the pipeline can be cleaned by the flow cleaning unit and the waste liquid collection unit, so that the nucleic acid sample pretreatment operation can be repeated. The present application can continuously and automatically collect gas phase samples carrying pathogens to provide liquid phase samples that can be immediately tested for nucleic acid, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nucleic acid detection, and in particular to a nucleic acid sample pretreatment device and method. Background Art

[0002] Pathogens are disease-causing agents, including viruses and microorganisms. Nucleic acid testing is the most direct, reliable, and sensitive method for detecting pathogens, and has important applications in disease diagnosis, epidemic prevention and control, and health monitoring. Sampling is one of the first and most critical steps in disease diagnosis or pathogen detection. For example, to detect COVID-19, a sample that may contain the pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), must first be collected from the patient.

[0003] Currently, pathogen sampling is generally done by manually collecting nasopharyngeal swabs, which has the following problems: First, sampling will cause great irritation to the nasopharyngeal mucosa, causing discomfort to the person being sampled. Although it will soon subside, frequent or normalized sampling will have long-term physical and mental effects on the person being sampled; second, the sample collection operation is not standardized. During the collection of pharyngeal swabs, differences in the level of medical staff, changes in psychological state, non-standard operations, sample collection sites and techniques, etc. will affect the subsequent measurement results; third, sample collectors are at risk of being exposed to aerosols from infected people; fourth, the costs of sample collectors, sample collection stations, and automatic sampling robots are relatively high.

[0004] Since the breath and air in the surrounding environment contain vaporized water molecules and water-containing particles, which can be virus particles (virions) and other pathogens, the water molecules and water-containing particles can condense into an aqueous liquid that can contain dissolved pathogens. In order to improve the sampling experience and increase the reliability of the measurement results, it is possible to collect highly humidified gas phase samples blown out by the human body or ambient air samples. At this time, the collected gas phase samples need to be processed into liquid phase samples, and the pathogens are captured by condensing water. However, there is no device in the prior art that can continuously pre-process nucleic acid gas phase samples into liquid phase samples. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention overcomes at least one of the shortcomings and provides a nucleic acid sample pretreatment device and method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A nucleic acid sample pretreatment device comprises at least one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism, wherein the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism comprises a gas injection unit, a liquefaction unit, a liquid sample processing unit, a sample collection unit, a vacuum filtration unit, a flow cleaning unit and a waste liquid collection unit;

[0008] The gas injection unit and the flow cleaning unit are both connected to the liquefaction unit. The gas injection unit is used to input the gaseous sample into the liquefaction unit, and the liquefaction unit is used to liquefy the gaseous sample into a liquid sample. The flow cleaning unit is used to deliver water, cleaning liquid or atomized cleaning liquid to the collection unit or the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism;

[0009] The liquid sample processing unit is connected to the liquefaction unit and is used to receive the liquid sample and perform heating treatment on the liquid sample;

[0010] The vacuum filtration unit is connected to the liquid sample processing unit and is used to provide negative pressure to allow the gaseous sample to enter the liquefaction unit;

[0011] The sample collection unit is connected to the liquid sample processing unit and is used to receive the liquid sample processed by the liquid sample processing unit;

[0012] The waste liquid collection unit is used to collect waste liquid generated during the operation of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism.

[0013] The gaseous sample referred to herein can be human exhaled breath or ambient air. The gaseous sample has a certain humidity level to form liquid condensate at low temperatures. Water molecules or hydrophilic particles, such as pathogens, or aerosols within the gaseous sample can simultaneously enter the liquid condensate to form a liquid sample.

[0014] The nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism of the present application can absorb the gaseous sample into the liquefaction unit and liquefy it into a liquid sample. The pathogens in the liquid sample can be inactivated by the liquid sample processing unit. The liquid sample after inactivation can be temporarily stored by the sample collection unit. The pipeline can be cleaned by the flow cleaning unit, so that the nucleic acid sample pretreatment operation can be repeated. The present application can continuously and automatically collect gaseous samples containing pathogens to provide liquid samples that can be used for immediate nucleic acid testing, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sample pre-processing mechanism further includes a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve;

[0016] The outlet of the gas injection unit, the inlet of the liquefaction unit, and the outlet of the flow cleaning unit are respectively connected to the three ports of the first three-way valve;

[0017] Among the three ports of the second three-way valve, two ports are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the sample collection unit and the outlet of the liquid sample processing unit, and the third port is the sample liquid outlet.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas sampling unit structure includes a sampling pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve;

[0019] The mobile cleaning unit includes a cleaning liquid reservoir, a cleaning pipeline connected to the cleaning liquid reservoir, and a delivery device for delivering the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir to the cleaning pipeline, one end of the cleaning pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve or to the inlet of the gas sampling unit; the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir is water or cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an infusion pump, or the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir is a liquefiable cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an atomizer;

[0020] The liquefaction unit includes a condensation pipeline and a first temperature control component coordinated with the condensation pipeline, and the upper end of the condensation pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve;

[0021] The liquid sample processing unit includes a liquid processing chamber, a vent pipe communicating with the liquid processing chamber, and a second temperature control assembly for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber. The vent pipe is mounted with a first control valve. The liquid processing chamber has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber is communicated with the lower end of the condensation pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is communicated with the second three-way valve.

[0022] The sample collection unit includes a liquid transfer pump, and the liquid transfer pump is connected to the second three-way valve;

[0023] The vacuum filtration unit includes a vacuum pump, a cleaner, a vacuum pipe, and a vacuum detection element. The vacuum pipe is used to connect the vacuum pump and the liquid processing chamber. The cleaner is installed on the vacuum pipe or connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump. The vacuum detection element is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum pipe or the liquid processing chamber.

[0024] The infusion pump and transfer pump of the present application are liquid moving devices. In actual use, they can be in various forms such as injection pumps, peristaltic pumps, diaphragm pumps or piezoelectric pumps.

[0025] The cleaner of the present application is used to remove infectious pathogens. The cleaner can be in various forms such as a filter, a negative ion generator, an ozone generator, an ultraviolet light source or a heat source.

[0026] One working principle of a nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism:

[0027] Control the first three-way valve to connect the sample inlet line with the condensation line (the cleaning line and the condensation line are not connected at this time), control the second three-way valve to close the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber, and start the cooling function of the first temperature control component;

[0028] The sample inlet line is connected to the gaseous sample, and the vacuum pump is operated to form a negative pressure in the liquid processing chamber. The gaseous sample enters the condensation line through the sample inlet line. Under the cooling function of the first temperature control component, water molecules and water-containing particles in the gaseous sample are condensed into a liquid sample and flow into the liquid processing chamber.

[0029] After sampling is completed, the liquid processing chamber is heated by the heating function of the second temperature control component, thereby achieving the effects of inactivation and evaporation concentration of the liquid sample; the sampling process can be a process of collecting breath samples from one or more people, or a process of continuously collecting ambient gas samples;

[0030] Open the first control valve and control the second three-way valve to connect the liquid transfer pump to the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber (the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is not connected to the sample outlet at this time), control the liquid transfer pump to pump liquid, and pump the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber into the liquid transfer pump;

[0031] Control the second three-way valve to connect the liquid transfer pump to the sample outlet (the liquid transfer pump is not connected to the liquid processing chamber outlet at this time). By controlling the liquid transfer pump, the liquid sample flows out of the sample outlet and enters other mechanisms for the next step of operation.

[0032] After the liquid sample in the liquid transfer pump is transferred, a cleaning operation is performed. The first three-way valve is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline with the condensation pipeline. The infusion pump is started and the above sampling and liquid discharge process is repeated to complete the pipeline cleaning.

[0033] The nucleic acid sample preprocessing device of the present application is capable of repeatedly collecting liquid phase samples. A liquefied sample can come from one or more gas phase samples, such as the exhaled breath provided by multiple people.

[0034] In actual use, the waste liquid from the sample outlet during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage through a fixed pipeline, or the sample outlet and the waste liquid storage can be moved relative to each other by setting a movable structure, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage.

[0035] In actual use, the sampling pipeline generally does not have any residual pathogens, and usually there is no need to clean the sampling pipeline. When cleaning is required, liquid can be regularly input from the outside for cleaning, or the sampling pipeline and the cleaning pipeline can be connected and cleaned through an infusion pump. At this time, the three-way valve can be a position selection valve.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid sample processing unit further includes a liquid level detection element for detecting a liquid level in the liquid processing chamber.

[0037] In actual use, one setting form is: the liquid level detection element stops sampling after detecting that the liquid level in the liquid processing chamber reaches a preset value.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, a flow sensor is installed between the liquid transfer pump and the second three-way valve, or a flow sensor is installed at the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sample pre-processing mechanism further includes a second control valve, a third control valve, and a fourth control valve;

[0040] The gas sampling unit structure includes a sampling pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve;

[0041] The mobile cleaning unit includes a cleaning liquid reservoir, a cleaning pipeline connected to the cleaning liquid reservoir, and a delivery device for delivering the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir to the cleaning pipeline, one end of the cleaning pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve or to the inlet of the gas sampling unit; the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir is water or cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an infusion pump, or the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir is a liquefiable cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an atomizer;

[0042] The liquefaction unit includes a condensation pipeline and a first temperature control component coordinated with the condensation pipeline, and the upper end of the condensation pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve;

[0043] The liquid sample processing unit includes a liquid processing chamber, a vent pipe communicating with the liquid processing chamber, and a second temperature control assembly for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber. The vent pipe is installed with a first control valve. The liquid processing chamber has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber is communicated with the lower end of the condensation pipeline via the second control valve. The liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline via the third control valve. The liquid outlet pipeline is communicated with the second three-way valve.

[0044] The sample collection unit includes a liquid transfer pump, and the liquid transfer pump is connected to the second three-way valve;

[0045] The vacuum filtration unit includes a vacuum tube, a buffer bottle, a filter tube, a cleaner, a third temperature control assembly, a vacuum pump, and a vacuum detection element. The two ends of the vacuum tube are respectively connected to the liquid processing chamber and the buffer bottle. The buffer bottle is functionally connected to the third temperature control assembly. The two ends of the filter tube are respectively connected to the buffer bottle and the vacuum pump. The cleaner is installed on the filter tube or connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump. The vacuum detection element is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum tube, the filter tube, or the liquid processing chamber.

[0046] The waste liquid collection unit includes a waste liquid storage and a waste liquid pipeline. The waste liquid pipeline is connected to the buffer bottle, and the fourth control valve is installed on the waste liquid pipeline.

[0047] In actual use, the temperature control assembly of the present application can have both cooling and heating functions. The buffer bottle is functionally connected to the third temperature control assembly. The buffer bottle has two functions: one is to prevent partially liquefied sample from entering the cleaner through the pipeline, and the second is to collect evaporated water molecules when the liquid sample processing unit is heated.

[0048] Another working principle of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism:

[0049] Control the first three-way valve to connect the sample injection line with the condensation line (the cleaning line and the condensation line are not connected at this time), open the second control valve, close the third control valve and the fourth control valve, and start the cooling function of the first temperature control component;

[0050] The sample inlet line is connected to the gaseous sample, and the vacuum pump is operated to form a negative pressure in the liquid processing chamber. The gaseous sample enters the condensation line through the sample inlet line. Under the cooling function of the first temperature control component, water molecules and water-containing particles in the gaseous sample are condensed into a liquid sample and flow into the liquid processing chamber.

[0051] After sampling is completed, the liquid processing chamber is heated by the heating function of the second temperature control component, thereby achieving the effects of inactivation and evaporation concentration of the liquid sample; the sampling process can be a process of collecting breath samples from one or more people, or a process of continuously collecting ambient gas samples;

[0052] After the sampling process is completed, if the amount of liquid sample is not sufficient (the liquid level is lower than the preset value), the vacuum pump is turned off, the first three-way valve is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline with the condensing pipeline (the sampling pipeline and the condensing pipeline are not connected at this time), the first control valve is opened, and the clean water in the cleaning liquid storage is allowed to flow into the liquid processing chamber along the cleaning pipeline and the condensing pipeline through the infusion pump; when the amount of liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber is too much (the liquid level is higher than the preset value), the first control valve and the second control valve are closed, the heating function of the second temperature control component is started to evaporate the excess liquid sample, the vacuum pump is started to exhaust, the evaporated gas is drawn out of the liquid processing chamber, and enters the buffer bottle through the vacuum pipe for condensation (the buffer bottle is cooled by the third temperature control component), the fourth control valve is opened, and the condensed liquid in the buffer bottle is discharged into the waste liquid storage and sealed;

[0053] When the liquid sample is within the preset value, the second control valve is closed, the vacuum pump is turned off, the first control valve and the third control valve are opened, and the second three-way valve is controlled to connect the liquid transfer pump to the liquid outlet pipeline (the liquid outlet pipeline is not connected to the sample outlet at this time), and the liquid transfer pump is controlled to perform a liquid pumping movement to pump the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber into the liquid transfer pump (the liquid transfer pump can control the pumping speed to prevent the liquid from being ejected in the negative pressure environment);

[0054] Control the second three-way valve to connect the liquid transfer pump to the sample outlet (the outlet pipeline is not connected to the liquid transfer pump at this time), and control the liquid transfer pump to allow the liquid sample to flow out of the sample outlet and enter other mechanisms for the next step of operation;

[0055] After the liquid sample in the liquid transfer pump is transferred, a cleaning operation is performed. The first three-way valve is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline with the condensation pipeline. The infusion pump is started and the above sampling and liquid discharge process is repeated to complete the pipeline cleaning.

[0056] In actual use, the waste liquid from the sample outlet during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage through a fixed pipeline, or the sample outlet and the waste liquid storage can be moved relative to each other by setting a movable structure, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage.

[0057] In actual use, the sampling pipeline generally does not have any residual pathogens, and usually there is no need to clean the sampling pipeline. When cleaning is required, liquid can be regularly input from the outside for cleaning, or the sampling pipeline and the cleaning pipeline can be connected and cleaned through an infusion pump. At this time, the three-way valve can be a position selection valve.

[0058] In actual use, the waste liquid from the sample outlet during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage through a fixed pipeline, or the sample outlet and the waste liquid storage can be moved relative to each other by setting a movable structure, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage.

[0059] In practical applications, any temperature control component can be a semiconductor component with cooling and heating functions. Alternatively, the temperature control component can be a heating wire or other component that provides equivalent cooling or heating functions. The control valve can be a solenoid valve, electric valve, pneumatic valve, or hydraulic valve.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid sample processing unit further includes a liquid level detection element for detecting the liquid level in the liquid processing chamber; and a flow sensor is installed on the liquid outlet pipeline.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mobile cleaning unit includes a first cleaning liquid storage for storing clean water and a second cleaning liquid storage for storing cleaning liquid.

[0062] The cleaning liquid can be a disinfectant. Setting the cleaning liquid can achieve reliable cleaning. In actual use, the first cleaning can be performed with a disinfectant, and then with clean water.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing unit is further included, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism is entirely or partially located in the sealing unit. The sealing unit has a disinfection component, and the disinfection component is used to disinfect the gas in the sealing unit or / and disinfect the outer surface of at least one unit among the gas sampling unit, the liquefaction unit, the liquid sample processing unit, the sample collection unit, the vacuum filtration unit, the flow cleaning unit and the waste liquid collection unit.

[0064] The sealing unit can encapsulate the gas sampling unit, liquefaction unit, liquid sample processing unit, sample collection unit, vacuum filtration unit, flow cleaning unit and waste liquid collection unit in a closed space to prevent liquid leakage in any link from causing sample contamination.

[0065] Disinfection components can be of various types, such as high-temperature disinfection components, optical disinfection components, filtration and adsorption disinfection components, etc.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the gas sampling unit, liquefaction unit, liquid sample processing unit, sample collection unit, vacuum filtration unit, flow cleaning unit and waste liquid collection unit has a transparent part, and the disinfection component includes a disinfection lamp for disinfecting the inside of the transparent part.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, a monitoring element is further provided in the sealing unit, and the monitoring element is aligned with the corresponding transparent component for monitoring the process.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing unit has an injection port, there are multiple nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanisms, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device also includes a switching mechanism, which is used to switch the position of each nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism so that the gas injection unit corresponding to the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism is docked with the injection port.

[0069] Setting up multiple nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanisms can achieve efficient nucleic acid sample pretreatment: when one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism is performing a cleaning operation, the action of the switching mechanism can enable another nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism to be docked with the sample inlet, thereby enabling continuous nucleic acid sample pretreatment.

[0070] The present application also discloses a nucleic acid sample pretreatment method for processing a gas phase sample, including a liquid phase sample acquisition process, wherein the liquid phase sample acquisition process comprises the following steps:

[0071] The gaseous sample is drawn into the condensation line by negative pressure, condensed into a liquid sample, and then introduced into the liquid processing chamber;

[0072] Inactivating or concentrating the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber by heating;

[0073] Transferring the liquid sample whose liquid level in the liquid processing chamber is within a preset value to the liquid transfer pump;

[0074] Transport the liquid samples in the liquid transfer pump to other institutions for further processing;

[0075] The pipeline is flushed with clean water, cleaning fluid or atomized cleaning fluid, and the waste liquid after flushing is collected in the waste liquid storage.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid sample acquisition process is repeated to collect a plurality of liquid samples.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, a liquid sample is derived from a plurality of gas samples.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, after the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber is collected, the liquid level of the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber is detected. When the liquid level is lower than a preset value, water or a medium is added to the liquid processing chamber. When the liquid level is higher than the preset value, the liquid level is lowered by heating and evaporation.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, a maximum of 5 ml of liquid sample can be obtained.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the condensation pipe is within 10 mm.

[0081] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism of the present application can absorb the gaseous sample into the liquefaction unit and liquefy it into a liquid sample; the pathogens in the liquid sample can be inactivated by the liquid sample processing unit; the liquid sample after inactivation can be temporarily stored by the sample collection unit; the pipeline can be cleaned by the flow cleaning unit, so that the nucleic acid sample pretreatment operation can be repeated; the present application can continuously and automatically collect gaseous samples containing pathogens to provide liquid samples that can be used for immediate nucleic acid testing, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device of Example 1;

[0083] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of the nucleic acid sample preprocessing device of Example 1;

[0084] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of the nucleic acid sample preprocessing device of Example 2;

[0085] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the nucleic acid sample preprocessing device of Example 3.

[0086] The reference numerals in the figures are:

[0087] 1. Sealing unit; 2. Nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism; 3. Inlet; 10. Gas injection unit; 11. First three-way valve; 12. Injection line; 20. Flow cleaning unit; 21. Cleaning liquid storage; 22. Cleaning line; 23. Infusion pump; 30. Liquefaction unit; 31. Condensation line; 32. First temperature control assembly; 40. Liquid sample processing unit; 41. Liquid processing chamber; 42. Ventilation pipe; 43. First control valve; 44. Second temperature control assembly; 45. 5. Liquid outlet pipeline; 46. Second control valve; 47. Third control valve; 48. Flow sensor; 50. Sample collection unit; 51. Second three-way valve; 52. Sample liquid outlet; 53. Liquid transfer pump; 60. Vacuum filtration unit; 61. Vacuum tube; 62. Buffer bottle; 63. Filter tube; 64. Cleaner; 65. Vacuum pump; 66. Vacuum detection element; 70. Waste liquid collection unit; 71. Waste liquid storage device; 72. Waste liquid pipeline; 73. Fourth control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0089] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of this application is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" and the like are used solely for distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0090] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0091] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] like Figure 1 As shown, a nucleic acid sample pretreatment device includes at least one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2, the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 includes a gas injection unit 10, a liquefaction unit 30, a liquid sample processing unit 40, a sample collection unit 50, a vacuum filtration unit 60, a flow cleaning unit 20 and a waste liquid collection unit 70;

[0094] The gas injection unit 10 and the flow cleaning unit 20 are both connected to the liquefaction unit 30. The gas injection unit 10 is used to input the gas phase sample into the liquefaction unit 30. The liquefaction unit 30 is used to liquefy the gas phase sample into a liquid phase sample. The flow cleaning unit 20 is used to transport water or cleaning liquid to the liquefaction unit 30.

[0095] The liquid sample processing unit 40 is connected to the liquefaction unit 30 and is used to receive the liquid sample and perform heating treatment on the liquid sample;

[0096] The vacuum filtration unit 60 is connected to the liquid sample processing unit 40 and is used to provide negative pressure to allow the gaseous sample to enter the liquefaction unit 30;

[0097] The sample collection unit 50 is connected to the liquid sample processing unit 40 and is used to receive the liquid sample processed by the liquid sample processing unit 40;

[0098] The waste liquid collection unit 70 is used to collect waste liquid generated during the operation of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 .

[0099] The gaseous sample referred to herein can be human exhaled breath or ambient air. The gaseous sample has a certain humidity level to form liquid condensate at low temperatures. Water molecules or hydrophilic particles, such as pathogens, or aerosols within the gaseous sample can simultaneously enter the liquid condensate to form a liquid sample.

[0100] The nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 of the present application can absorb the gaseous sample into the liquefaction unit 30 and liquefy it into a liquid sample. The pathogens in the liquid sample can be inactivated by the liquid sample processing unit 40. The liquid sample after inactivation can be temporarily stored by the sample collection unit 50. The pipeline can be cleaned by the flow cleaning unit 20, so that the nucleic acid sample pretreatment operation can be repeated. The present application can continuously and automatically collect gaseous samples containing pathogens to provide liquid samples that can be used for immediate nucleic acid testing, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.

[0101] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the nucleic acid sample pre-processing mechanism 2 further includes a first three-way valve 11 and a second three-way valve 51;

[0102] The outlet of the gas injection unit 10, the inlet of the liquefaction unit 30, and the outlet of the flow cleaning unit 20 are respectively connected to the three ports of the first three-way valve 11;

[0103] Among the three ports of the second three-way valve 51 , two ports are connected to the inlet and outlet of the sample collection unit 50 and the outlet of the liquid sample processing unit 40 respectively, and the third port is the sample liquid outlet 52 .

[0104] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the nucleic acid sample pre-processing mechanism 2 further includes a second control valve 46, a third control valve 47 and a fourth control valve 73;

[0105] The gas sampling unit 10 structure includes a sampling pipeline 12, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve 11;

[0106] The mobile cleaning unit 20 includes a cleaning liquid reservoir 21, a cleaning pipeline 22 connected to the cleaning liquid reservoir 21, and a delivery device for delivering the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 to the cleaning pipeline 22. One end of the cleaning pipeline 22 is connected to the first three-way valve 11 (in actual use, it can also be connected to the inlet of the gas sampling unit 10). In this embodiment, the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 can be water or cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an infusion pump 23 (in other embodiments, the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 can also be a liquefiable cleaning liquid, in which case the delivery device is an atomizer).

[0107] The liquefaction unit 30 includes a condensation pipeline 31 and a first temperature control assembly 32 that cooperates with the condensation pipeline 31. The upper end of the condensation pipeline 31 is connected to the first three-way valve 11.

[0108] The liquid sample processing unit 40 includes a liquid processing chamber 41, a vent tube 42 communicating with the liquid processing chamber 41, and a second temperature control assembly 44 for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber 41. A first control valve 43 is mounted on the vent tube 42. The liquid processing chamber 41 has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 communicates with the lower end of the condensation line 31 via a second control valve 46. The liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 is connected to a liquid outlet line 45 via a third control valve 47. The liquid outlet line 45 communicates with a second three-way valve 51.

[0109] The sample collection unit 50 includes a liquid transfer pump 53 , which is connected to the second three-way valve 51 ;

[0110] The vacuum filtration unit 60 includes a vacuum tube 61, a buffer bottle 62, a filter tube 63, a cleaner 64, a third temperature control assembly (omitted in the figure), a vacuum pump 65, and a vacuum detection element 66. The two ends of the vacuum tube 61 are respectively connected to the liquid processing chamber 41 and the buffer bottle 62. The buffer bottle 62 is functionally connected to the third temperature control assembly. The two ends of the filter tube 63 are respectively connected to the buffer bottle 62 and the vacuum pump 65. The cleaner 64 is installed on the filter tube 63 (in actual use, the cleaner 64 can also be connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump 61, that is, the cleaner 61 can be installed in front of or behind the vacuum pump). The vacuum detection element 66 is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum tube 61, the filter tube 63, or the liquid processing chamber 41.

[0111] The waste liquid collection unit 70 includes a waste liquid storage 71 and a waste liquid pipeline 72 . The waste liquid pipeline 72 is in communication with the buffer bottle 62 . A fourth control valve 73 is installed on the waste liquid pipeline 72 .

[0112] In actual use, the temperature control assembly of the present application can have both cooling and heating functions. The buffer bottle 62 is functionally connected to the third temperature control assembly. The buffer bottle 62 has two functions: one is to prevent partially liquefied sample from entering the cleaner 64 through the pipeline, and the second is to collect evaporated water molecules when the liquid sample processing unit 40 is heated.

[0113] One working principle of the nucleic acid sample pre-processing mechanism 2 of this embodiment is:

[0114] Control the first three-way valve 11 to connect the sample inlet line 12 with the condenser line 31 (the cleaning line 22 is not connected to the condenser line at this time), open the second control valve 46, close the third control valve 47 and the fourth control valve 73, and start the cooling function of the first temperature control component 32;

[0115] The inlet pipe 12 is connected to the gaseous sample, and the vacuum pump 65 is activated to create a negative pressure in the liquid processing chamber 41. The gaseous sample enters the condensation pipe 31 through the inlet pipe 12. Under the cooling function of the first temperature control component 32, the water molecules and water-containing particles in the gaseous sample are condensed into a liquid sample and flow into the liquid processing chamber 41.

[0116] After sampling is completed, the liquid processing chamber 41 is heated by the heating function of the second temperature control component 44, thereby achieving the effects of inactivation and evaporation concentration of the liquid sample. The sampling process can be a process of collecting breath samples from one or more people, or a process of continuously collecting ambient gas samples.

[0117] After the sampling process is completed, if the amount of liquid sample is insufficient (the liquid level is lower than the preset value), the vacuum pump 65 is closed, the first three-way valve 11 is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline 22 with the condensing pipeline (the sampling pipeline 12 is not connected with the condensing pipeline 31 at this time), the first control valve 43 is opened, and the clean water in the cleaning liquid storage 21 is allowed to flow into the liquid processing chamber 41 along the cleaning pipeline 22 and the condensing pipeline 31 through the infusion pump 23; when the amount of liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 is excessive (the liquid level is higher than the preset value), the first control valve 43 and the second control valve 46 are closed, the heating function of the second temperature control component 44 is started to evaporate the excess liquid sample, the vacuum pump 65 is started to exhaust, the evaporated gas is drawn out of the liquid processing chamber 41, and enters the buffer bottle 62 through the vacuum pipe 61 to condense (the buffer bottle 62 is cooled by the third temperature control component), the fourth control valve 73 is opened, and the condensed liquid in the buffer bottle 62 is discharged into the waste liquid storage 71 for sealing;

[0118] When the liquid sample is within the preset value, the second control valve 46 is closed, the vacuum pump 65 is turned off, the first control valve 43 and the third control valve 47 are opened, and the second three-way valve 51 is controlled to connect the liquid transfer pump 53 with the liquid outlet pipe 45 (the liquid outlet pipe 45 is not connected with the sample outlet 52 at this time). The liquid transfer pump 53 is controlled to pump liquid, and the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 is pumped into the liquid transfer pump 53 (the liquid transfer pump 53 can control the pumping speed to prevent the liquid from being ejected in the negative pressure environment);

[0119] The second three-way valve 51 is controlled to connect the liquid transfer pump 53 to the sample outlet 52 (the outlet pipe 45 is not connected to the liquid transfer pump 53 at this time). By controlling the liquid transfer pump 53, the liquid sample flows out of the sample outlet 52 and enters other mechanisms for the next step of operation.

[0120] After the liquid sample in the liquid transfer pump 53 is transferred, a cleaning operation is performed. The first three-way valve 11 is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline 22 with the condensation pipeline 31, and the infusion pump 23 is started. The above sampling and liquid discharge process is repeated to complete the pipeline cleaning.

[0121] In this embodiment, the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is located at the bottom of the liquid processing chamber. In actual use, the liquid outlet can also be formed by inserting a tube from the top into the bottom of the liquid processing chamber.

[0122] In actual use, the waste liquid coming out of the sample outlet 52 during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage 71 through a fixed pipeline, or a movable structure can be set to make the sample outlet 52 and the waste liquid storage 71 move relative to each other, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage 71.

[0123] In actual use, the sampling line 12 generally does not have any residual pathogens, and the sampling line 12 usually does not need to be cleaned. When cleaning is required, liquid can be regularly input from the outside for cleaning, or the sampling line 12 and the cleaning line 22 can be connected and cleaned through the infusion pump 23. At this time, the three-way valve can be a position selection valve.

[0124] In actual use, the waste liquid coming out of the sample outlet 52 during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage 71 through a fixed pipeline, or a movable structure can be set to make the sample outlet 52 and the waste liquid storage 71 move relative to each other, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage 71.

[0125] In practical applications, any temperature control component can be a semiconductor component with cooling and heating functions. Alternatively, the temperature control component can be a heating wire or other component that provides equivalent cooling or heating functions. The control valve can be a solenoid valve, electric valve, pneumatic valve, or hydraulic valve.

[0126] In this embodiment, a maximum of 5 ml of liquid sample can be obtained.

[0127] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the condensation pipe is within 10 mm.

[0128] In this embodiment, the liquid sample processing unit 40 further includes a liquid level detection element (omitted and not shown) for detecting the liquid level in the liquid processing chamber 41 ; and a flow sensor 48 is installed on the liquid outlet pipe 45 .

[0129] In this embodiment, a sealing unit 1 is also included, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 is entirely or partially located in the sealing unit 1. The sealing unit has a disinfection component, which is used to disinfect the gas in the sealing unit or / and disinfect the outer surface of at least one of the gas sampling unit 10, the liquefaction unit 30, the liquid sample processing unit 40, the sample collection unit 50, the vacuum filtration unit 60, the flow cleaning unit 20 and the waste liquid collection unit 70.

[0130] The sealing unit can encapsulate the gas sampling unit 10, the liquefaction unit 30, the liquid sample processing unit 40, the sample collection unit 50, the vacuum filtration unit 60, the flow cleaning unit 20 and the waste liquid collection unit 70 in a closed space to prevent liquid leakage in any link from causing sample contamination.

[0131] Disinfection components can be of various types, such as high-temperature disinfection components, optical disinfection components, filtration and adsorption disinfection components, etc.

[0132] In actual use, at least one of the gas sampling unit 10, liquefaction unit 30, liquid sample processing unit 40, sample collection unit 50, vacuum filtration unit 60, flow cleaning unit 20 and waste liquid collection unit 70 has a transparent component, and the disinfection component includes a disinfection lamp for disinfecting the inside of the transparent component.

[0133] In actual use, the sealing unit also has a monitoring element, which is aligned with the corresponding transparent component to monitor the process.

[0134] In actual use, the sealing unit 1 has an injection port 3, there are multiple nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanisms 2, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device also includes a switching mechanism, which is used to switch the position of each nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 so that the gas injection unit 10 corresponding to the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 is docked with the injection port 3.

[0135] Setting up multiple nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanisms 2 can achieve efficient nucleic acid sample pretreatment: when one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 is performing a cleaning operation, the action of the switching mechanism can enable another nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 to be docked with the sample inlet 3, thereby enabling continuous nucleic acid sample pretreatment.

[0136] This embodiment also discloses a nucleic acid sample pretreatment method for processing a gas phase sample, including a liquid phase sample acquisition process, which includes the following steps:

[0137] The gaseous sample is drawn into the condensation line 31 by negative pressure, condensed into a liquid sample, and then introduced into the liquid processing chamber 41;

[0138] Inactivate or concentrate the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 by heating;

[0139] Transferring the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 with the liquid level within the preset value to the liquid transfer pump 53;

[0140] The liquid sample in the liquid transfer pump 53 is transported to other institutions for further processing;

[0141] The pipeline is flushed with clean water, cleaning liquid or atomized cleaning liquid, and the waste liquid after flushing is collected in the waste liquid storage 71.

[0142] In this embodiment, the liquid sample acquisition process is repeated to collect a plurality of liquid samples.

[0143] In this embodiment, one liquid phase sample comes from multiple gas phase samples.

[0144] In this embodiment, after the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 is collected, the liquid level of the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 is detected. When the liquid level is lower than a preset value, water or a medium is added to the liquid processing chamber 41. When the liquid level is higher than the preset value, the liquid level is lowered by heating and evaporation.

[0145] Example 2

[0146] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that the mobile cleaning unit 20 includes two cleaning liquid reservoirs 21 and an infusion pump 23. The two cleaning liquid reservoirs 21 include a first cleaning liquid reservoir 21 for storing clean water and a second cleaning liquid reservoir 21 for storing cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid can be a disinfectant. The provision of a cleaning liquid ensures reliable cleaning. In actual use, the first cleaning can be performed with a disinfectant, followed by cleaning with clean water.

[0147] Example 3

[0148] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2 is different, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment,

[0149] The gas sampling unit 10 structure includes a sampling pipeline 12, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve 11;

[0150] The mobile cleaning unit 20 includes a cleaning liquid reservoir 21, a cleaning pipeline 22 connected to the cleaning liquid reservoir 21, and a delivery device for delivering the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 to the cleaning pipeline 22. One end of the cleaning pipeline 22 is connected to the first three-way valve 11 (in actual use, it can also be connected to the inlet of the gas sampling unit 10). In this embodiment, the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 can be water or cleaning liquid, and the delivery device is an infusion pump 23 (in other embodiments, the substance in the cleaning liquid reservoir 21 can also be a liquefiable cleaning liquid, in which case the delivery device is an atomizer).

[0151] The liquefaction unit 30 includes a condensation pipeline 31 and a first temperature control assembly 32 that cooperates with the condensation pipeline 31. The upper end of the condensation pipeline 31 is connected to the first three-way valve 11.

[0152] The liquid sample processing unit 40 includes a liquid processing chamber 41, a vent tube 42 communicating with the liquid processing chamber 41, and a second temperature control assembly 44 for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber 41. A first control valve 43 is mounted on the vent tube 42. The liquid processing chamber 41 has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 communicates with the lower end of the condensation line 31, and the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 communicates with the second three-way valve 51.

[0153] The sample collection unit 50 includes a liquid transfer pump 53 , which is connected to the second three-way valve 51 ;

[0154] The vacuum filtration unit 60 includes a vacuum pump 65, a cleaner 64, a vacuum tube 61 and a vacuum detection element 66. The vacuum tube 61 is used to connect the vacuum pump 65 and the liquid processing chamber 41. The cleaner 64 is installed on the vacuum tube 61 (in actual use, the cleaner 64 can also be connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump 61, that is, the cleaner 61 can be installed in front of or behind the vacuum pump). The vacuum detection element 66 is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum tube 61 or the liquid processing chamber 41.

[0155] One working principle of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism 2:

[0156] Control the first three-way valve 11 to connect the sample inlet line 12 to the condenser line 31 (the cleaning line 22 is not connected to the condenser line at this time), control the second three-way valve 51 to close the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41, and start the cooling function of the first temperature control component 32;

[0157] The inlet pipe 12 is connected to the gaseous sample, and the vacuum pump 65 is activated to create a negative pressure in the liquid processing chamber 41. The gaseous sample enters the condensation pipe 31 through the inlet pipe 12. Under the cooling function of the first temperature control component 32, the water molecules and water-containing particles in the gaseous sample are condensed into a liquid sample and flow into the liquid processing chamber 41.

[0158] After sampling is completed, the liquid processing chamber 41 is heated by the heating function of the second temperature control component 44, thereby achieving the effects of inactivation and evaporation concentration of the liquid sample. The sampling process can be a process of collecting breath samples from one or more people, or a process of continuously collecting ambient gas samples.

[0159] Open the first control valve 43 and control the second three-way valve 51 to connect the liquid transfer pump 53 to the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 (the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 is not connected to the sample outlet 52 at this time). Then control the liquid transfer pump 53 to pump liquid, and pump the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber 41 into the liquid transfer pump 53.

[0160] The second three-way valve 51 is controlled to connect the liquid transfer pump 53 to the sample outlet 52 (the liquid transfer pump 53 is not connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber 41 at this time). By controlling the liquid transfer pump 53, the liquid sample is allowed to flow out of the sample outlet 52 and enter other mechanisms for the next step of operation.

[0161] After the liquid sample in the liquid transfer pump 53 is transferred, a cleaning operation is performed. The first three-way valve 11 is controlled to connect the cleaning pipeline 22 with the condensation pipeline 31, and the infusion pump 23 is started. The above sampling and liquid discharge process is repeated to complete the pipeline cleaning.

[0162] In actual use, the waste liquid coming out of the sample outlet 52 during the cleaning process can be transported to the waste liquid storage 71 through a fixed pipeline, or a movable structure can be set to make the sample outlet 52 and the waste liquid storage 71 move relative to each other, so that the waste liquid falls into the waste liquid storage 71.

[0163] In this embodiment, the liquid sample processing unit 40 further includes a liquid level detection element for detecting the liquid level in the liquid processing chamber 41 .

[0164] In actual use, one setting form is: the liquid level detection element stops sampling after detecting that the liquid level in the liquid processing chamber 41 reaches a preset value.

[0165] In actual use, a flow sensor is installed between the liquid transfer pump 53 and the second three-way valve 51, or a flow sensor is installed at the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber.

[0166] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, is also included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nucleic acid sample pretreatment device, characterized in that: It includes at least one nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism, which includes a gas sampling unit, a liquefaction unit, a liquid sample processing unit, a sample collection unit, a vacuum filtration unit, a flow cleaning unit and a waste liquid collection unit; The gas injection unit and the flow cleaning unit are both connected to the liquefaction unit, the gas injection unit is used to input the gas phase sample into the liquefaction unit, the liquefaction unit is used to liquefy the gas phase sample into a liquid phase sample, and the flow cleaning unit is used to transport cleaning liquid to the liquefaction unit; the liquefaction unit includes a condensation pipeline, and the inner diameter of the condensation pipeline is less than or equal to 10 mm; The liquid sample processing unit is connected to the liquefaction unit and is used to receive the liquid sample and perform heating treatment on the liquid sample; The vacuum filtration unit is connected to the liquid sample processing unit and is used to provide negative pressure to allow the gas phase sample to enter the liquefaction unit; The sample collection unit is connected to the liquid sample processing unit and is used to receive the liquid sample processed by the liquid sample processing unit; The waste liquid collection unit is used to collect waste liquid generated during the operation of the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism; The nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism also includes a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve; The outlet of the gas injection unit, the inlet of the liquefaction unit and the outlet of the flow cleaning unit are respectively connected to the three ports of the first three-way valve; Among the three ports of the second three-way valve, two ports are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the sample collection unit and the outlet of the liquid sample processing unit, and the third port is the sample liquid outlet; The gas sampling unit comprises a sampling pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve; The mobile cleaning unit comprises a cleaning liquid storage device, a cleaning pipeline connected to the cleaning liquid storage device, and a conveying device for conveying a substance in the cleaning liquid storage device to the cleaning pipeline, one end of the cleaning pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve; the substance in the cleaning liquid storage device is cleaning liquid, and the conveying device is an infusion pump; The liquefaction unit comprises a condensation pipeline and a first temperature control component matched with the condensation pipeline, and the upper end of the condensation pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve; The liquid sample processing unit comprises a liquid processing chamber, a vent pipe connected to the liquid processing chamber, and a second temperature control component for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber, wherein a first control valve is installed on the vent pipe, the liquid processing chamber has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber is connected to the lower end of the condensation pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is connected to the second three-way valve; The sample collection unit comprises a liquid transfer pump, and the liquid transfer pump is connected to the second three-way valve; The vacuum filtration unit includes a vacuum pump, a cleaner, a vacuum tube and a vacuum detection element. The vacuum tube is used to connect the vacuum pump and the liquid processing chamber. The cleaner is installed on the vacuum tube or connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump. The vacuum detection element is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum tube or the liquid processing chamber.

2. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid sample processing unit further includes a liquid level detection element for detecting the liquid level of the liquid processing chamber.

3. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow sensor is installed between the liquid transfer pump and the second three-way valve, or a flow sensor is installed at the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber.

4. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism also includes a second control valve, a third control valve and a fourth control valve; The gas sampling unit comprises a sampling pipeline, one end of which is connected to the first three-way valve; The mobile cleaning unit comprises a cleaning liquid storage device, a cleaning pipeline connected to the cleaning liquid storage device, and a conveying device for conveying a substance in the cleaning liquid storage device to the cleaning pipeline, one end of the cleaning pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve; the substance in the cleaning liquid storage device is cleaning liquid, and the conveying device is an infusion pump; The liquefaction unit comprises a condensation pipeline and a first temperature control component matched with the condensation pipeline, and the upper end of the condensation pipeline is connected to the first three-way valve; The liquid sample processing unit comprises a liquid processing chamber, a vent pipe connected to the liquid processing chamber, and a second temperature control component for controlling the temperature of the liquid processing chamber, the vent pipe is provided with a first control valve, the liquid processing chamber has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet of the liquid processing chamber is connected to the lower end of the condensation pipeline through the second control valve, the liquid outlet of the liquid processing chamber is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline through the third control valve, and the liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the second three-way valve; The sample collection unit comprises a liquid transfer pump, and the liquid transfer pump is connected to the second three-way valve; The vacuum filtration unit includes a vacuum tube, a buffer bottle, a filter tube, a cleaner, a third temperature control component, a vacuum pump and a vacuum detection element. The two ends of the vacuum tube are respectively connected to the liquid processing chamber and the buffer bottle, the buffer bottle is functionally connected to the third temperature control component, the two ends of the filter tube are respectively connected to the buffer bottle and the vacuum pump, the cleaner is installed on the filter tube or connected to the exhaust hole of the vacuum pump, and the vacuum detection element is used to detect the vacuum degree of the vacuum tube, the filter tube or the liquid processing chamber; The waste liquid collection unit includes a waste liquid storage device and a waste liquid pipeline. The waste liquid pipeline is connected to the buffer bottle, and the fourth control valve is installed on the waste liquid pipeline.

5. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid sample processing unit further comprises a liquid level detection element for detecting the liquid level of the liquid processing chamber; and a flow sensor is installed on the liquid outlet pipeline.

6. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The mobile cleaning unit comprises a first cleaning liquid storage for storing clean water and a second cleaning liquid storage for storing cleaning liquid, wherein the cleaning liquid is a disinfectant.

7. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing unit, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism is completely or partially located in the sealing unit. The sealing unit has a disinfection component, and the disinfection component is used to disinfect the gas in the sealing unit or / and disinfect the outer surface of at least one of the gas injection unit, the liquefaction unit, the liquid sample processing unit, the sample collection unit, the vacuum filtration unit, the flow cleaning unit and the waste liquid collection unit.

8. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Among the gas sampling unit, liquefaction unit, liquid sample processing unit, sample collection unit, vacuum filtration unit, flow cleaning unit and waste liquid collection unit, at least one unit has a transparent component, and the disinfection component includes a disinfection lamp for disinfecting the inside of the transparent component.

9. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sealing unit also has a monitoring element therein, and the monitoring element is aligned with the corresponding transparent component for monitoring the process.

10. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing unit has an injection port, the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism has multiple nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanisms, and the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device also includes a switching mechanism, which is used to switch the position of each nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism so that the gas injection unit corresponding to the nucleic acid sample pretreatment mechanism is docked with the injection port.

11. A nucleic acid sample pretreatment method implemented based on the nucleic acid sample pretreatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, used for processing gas phase samples, characterized in that: The method comprises a liquid sample acquisition process, wherein the liquid sample acquisition process comprises the following steps: The gas phase sample is drawn into the condensation pipeline by negative pressure, and the gas phase sample is condensed into a liquid phase sample, and then introduced into the liquid processing chamber; Inactivating or concentrating the liquid sample in the liquid processing chamber by heating; Transferring the liquid sample whose liquid level in the liquid processing chamber is within a preset value to the liquid transfer pump; Transporting liquid samples in the liquid transfer pump to other institutions for further processing; The pipeline is flushed with cleaning fluid, and the waste fluid after flushing is collected in the waste fluid storage.

12. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The liquid sample acquisition process is repeated to collect a plurality of liquid samples.

13. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that: One liquid phase sample comes from multiple gas phase samples.

14. The nucleic acid sample pretreatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that: When the liquid samples in the liquid processing chamber are collected, the liquid level of the liquid samples in the liquid processing chamber is detected. When the liquid level is lower than a preset value, water is added to the liquid processing chamber. When the liquid level is higher than the preset value, the liquid level is lowered by heating and evaporation.

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