Testing Device for Reinforcement Deformation Characteristics of Inclined Tunnel Segments

Abstract

A test device for the deformation characteristics of segment reinforcement in an inclined tunnel, comprising a device base, a support system, a reaction force balance system, a segment system, a fixed end, and a segment reinforcement system. The support system is located on the device base. The bottom of the reaction force balance system is fixed to the middle of the support system through a rotating shaft and a support ring. Both ends of the segment system are connected with fixed ends, and the outer sides of the fixed ends are fixed to the outer sides of the support system through rotating shafts. The segment system is connected with the segment reinforcement system. The present invention can not only simulate an inclined tunnel, but also control the inclination angle of the tunnel, ensure that the load always remains absolutely vertical, and can also realize the simulation of periodic loads, sudden loads, and dynamic unbalanced loading. It can also analyze the deformation and internal force characteristics of the tunnel under the interactive action of non-uniform soil pressure and inclined tunnel under complex working conditions. Moreover, it is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, and short in cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and relates to a test device for the deformation characteristics of segment reinforcement in inclined tunnels, which is applicable to the test of the deformation and internal force characteristics of tunnel segment reinforcement. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of urban rail transit, a large number of subway tunnels have been built in China at present. Due to the interactive influence of multiple subway lines, the mileage of inclined tunnels in the city is increasing. The external soil pressure on the segments of inclined tunnels will have an adverse impact on the tunnels, and in severe cases, it may lead to the failure of the segments. Compared with ordinary horizontal tunnels, inclined tunnels not only need to consider the multiple effects of axial force, shear force and bending moment, but also have a large difference in the load calculation method from ordinary horizontal tunnels. At present, the research on the mechanical properties of segments in inclined tunnels is not sufficient, and the existing test devices are mainly used for simulating the external soil pressure of horizontal tunnels, and cannot test the deformation and characteristics of segment reinforcement in inclined tunnels; the loading method is often carried out symmetrically by hydraulic pressure, and it is difficult to simulate special working conditions such as sudden loads. Therefore, the existing test devices still have the following deficiencies:

[0003] 1) Traditional test devices for the mechanical properties of subway tunnels can only be used for horizontal tunnels and are difficult to simulate the working conditions of inclined tunnels;

[0004] 2) Traditional test devices for the mechanical properties of subway tunnels can only test static loading and are difficult to simulate periodic loading, instantaneous loading and dynamic non-equilibrium loading;

[0005] 3) Traditional test devices can only simulate the mechanical behavior of horizontal tunnels under uniform soil pressure and are difficult to analyze the deformation and internal force characteristics of inclined tunnels under non-uniform soil pressure in complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the deficiencies that the existing test devices for the mechanical properties of subway tunnels are difficult to simulate the working conditions of inclined tunnels, and cannot simulate periodic loading, instantaneous loading and dynamic non-equilibrium loading, and are also difficult to analyze the deformation and internal force characteristics of inclined tunnels under non-uniform soil pressure in complex working conditions, the present invention provides a test device for the deformation characteristics of segment reinforcement in inclined tunnels, which can not only simulate inclined tunnels, but also control the inclination angle of the tunnels to ensure that the load is always absolutely vertical, and can also simulate periodic loads, sudden loads and dynamic non-equilibrium loading, and can also analyze the deformation and internal force characteristics of tunnels under the interactive action of non-uniform soil pressure and inclined tunnels in complex working conditions. Moreover, it is simple, easy to operate, low-cost and short-cycle.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

[0008] A test device for the deformation characteristics of segment reinforcement in an inclined tunnel, comprising a device base, a support system, a reaction force balance system, a segment system, a fixed end, and a segment reinforcement system. The support system is located on the device base. The bottom of the reaction force balance system is fixed to the middle of the support system through a rotating shaft and a collar. Both ends of the segment system are connected to the fixed end, and the outside of the fixed end is fixed to the outside of the support system through a rotating shaft. The segment system is connected to the segment reinforcement system.

[0009] Furthermore, the reaction force balance system includes a cylindrical reaction force frame, a conveyor belt, a motor, a loading mechanism, and an infrared rangefinder. The loading mechanism is installed at a specified position inside the conveyor belt through rollers on both sides. The conveyor belt is located on both vertical sides of the cylindrical reaction force frame, and motors are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt. The infrared rangefinder is fixed on both sides of the inner wall at the bottom of the cylindrical reaction force frame.

[0010] Preferably, the loading mechanism includes a vertical earth pressure loading mechanism and a circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism. The vertical earth pressure loading mechanism includes rollers, a vertical energized solenoid, a connecting piece, a vertical rotating shaft, and a vertical armature. The vertical soft iron is connected to the head of the vertical energized solenoid through the vertical rotating shaft. The tail of the energized solenoid is installed inside the connecting piece, and rollers are installed on both sides of the piece. The circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism includes a circumferential energized solenoid, a circumferential rotating shaft, and a circumferential soft iron. The circumferential soft iron is connected to the head of the circumferential energized solenoid through the circumferential rotating shaft. The tail of the circumferential energized solenoid is installed at the circumferentially corresponding position of the cylindrical reaction force frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the segment system includes segments, acoustic emission instruments, infrared reflection sheets, and armature mechanisms. The acoustic emission instruments are installed on the inner and outer sides of the segments at regular intervals. The infrared reflection sheets are installed on the outer side of the segments at positions corresponding to the infrared rangefinder and do not overlap with the positions of the acoustic emission instruments. The armature mechanisms are installed in the middle of each ring of segments, and six groups are evenly installed in each ring of segments.

[0012] Furthermore, the armature mechanism includes a stress diffuser, an armature rotating shaft, and an armature. The bottom of the stress diffuser is fixed to the outer wall of the segment, and the top of the stress diffuser is connected to the armature through the armature rotating shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the segment reinforcement system includes an adhesive layer, a steel ring reinforcement layer, an anchor shotcrete layer, and strain gauges. The strain gauges are pasted on the inner wall in the middle of each ring of segments, and one strain gauge is pasted at each of the upper, lower, left, and right positions on the inner wall of each ring of segments. The steel ring reinforcement layer is fixed outside the strain gauges through the adhesive layer. The anchor shotcrete layer is laid outside the reinforcement layer.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in that it can realize the deformation and behavior tests of segment lining of inclined tunnels under complex loading conditions, and has the following advantages: (1) Through four supports, the simulation of any inclination angle of the tunnel can be realized; (2) When any tunnel inclination angle is realized, the vertical soil pressure can always be kept absolutely vertical and shear force in the axial direction of the segment can be generated; (3) By adopting the electromagnetic loading method, the simulation of periodic loading, instantaneous loading and dynamic non-equilibrium loading can be simply realized; (4) The analysis of the deformation and internal force behavior of non-uniform soil pressure inclined tunnels under complex working conditions can be achieved; (5) It is convenient to operate, the device is detachable, easy to assemble, low in cost and short in cycle Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is the front view of the test device for the reinforcement deformation behavior of segment lining of inclined tunnels

[0016] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the test device for the reinforcement deformation behavior of segment lining of inclined tunnels after inclination

[0017] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the A-A sectional view of

[0018] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the B-B sectional view of

[0019] Figure 5 is Figure 1 the C-C sectional view of

[0020] Figure 6 is Figure 1 the D-D sectional view of

[0021] Figure 7 is Figure 1 the E-E sectional view of

[0022] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the electromagnetic loading device, where (a) is the front view and (b) is the side view

[0023] Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the segment reinforcement system

[0024] The reference numerals are as follows: 1. Segment rotation support system, 1-1. Left fixed-end rotating shaft of segment; 1-2. Segment rotating shaft support; 2. Reaction force rotation support system, 2-1. Reaction force system rotating shaft; 2-2. Reaction force rotating shaft telescopic rod; 2-3. Reaction force rotating shaft telescopic rod support; 3. Reaction force lifting support system, 3-1. Reaction force system support ring; 3-2. Reaction force lifting telescopic rod; 3-3. Reaction force lifting telescopic rod support; 4. Support system, 4-1. Right fixed-end rotating shaft of segment; 4-2. Segment lifting telescopic rod; 4-3. Segment lifting telescopic rod support; 4-4. Support roller; 4-5. Roller guide rail; 5. Synchronous control mechanism; 6. Fixed end; 7. Reaction force balance system, 7-1. Cylindrical reaction force frame; 7-2. Conveyor belt; 7-3. Motor; 7-4. Vertical soil pressure loading mechanism, 7-4-1. Roller; 7-4-2. Vertical energized solenoid; 7-4-3. Connector; 7-4-4. Vertical rotating shaft; 7-4-5. Vertical soft iron; 7-5. Infrared rangefinder; 8. Segment system, 8-1. Segment; 8-2. Outer wall acoustic emission instrument; 8-3. Inner wall acoustic emission instrument; 8-4. Infrared reflector; 8-5. Armature mechanism, 8-5-1. Stress diffuser; 8-5-2. Armature rotating shaft; 8-5-3. Armature; 9. Device base; 10. Fixed-end bolt; 11. Segment reinforcement system, 11-1. Bonding layer; 11-2. Steel ring reinforcement layer; 11-3. Shotcrete layer; 11-4. Strain gauge; 12. Fixed-end interface; 13. Support fixing bolt; 14. Circumferential soil pressure loading mechanism, 14-1. Circumferential energized solenoid; 14-2. Circumferential rotating shaft; 14-3. Circumferential soft iron. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Refer to Figures 1 to 9 , a test device for the reinforcement deformation characteristics of inclined tunnel segments, comprising a device base 9, a support system (1-4), a reaction force balance system 7, a segment system 8, a fixed end 6 and a segment reinforcement system 11. The support system is located on the device base 9. The bottom of the reaction force balance system 7 is fixed to the middle of the support system through a rotating shaft 2-1 and a support ring 3-1. Both ends of the segment system 8 are connected with a fixed end 6, and the outside of the fixed end 6 is fixed to the outside of the support system through rotating shafts 1-1 and 4-1. The segment system 8 is connected with the segment reinforcement system 11.

[0027] Further, the reaction force balance system 7 includes a cylindrical reaction frame 7-1, a conveyor belt 7-2, a motor 7-3, a loading mechanism, and an infrared rangefinder 7-5. The loading mechanism is installed at a specified position inside the conveyor belt 7-2 through rollers 7-4-1 on both sides. The conveyor belt 7-2 is located on both vertical sides of the cylindrical reaction frame 7-1, and motors 7-3 are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt 7-2. The infrared rangefinder 7-5 is fixed on both sides of the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical reaction frame 7-1.

[0028] Preferably, the loading mechanism includes a vertical earth pressure loading mechanism 7-4 and a circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism 14. The vertical earth pressure loading mechanism 7-4 includes rollers 7-4-1, a vertical energized solenoid 7-4-2, a connecting member 7-4-3, a vertical rotating shaft 7-4-4, and a vertical armature 7-4-5. The vertical soft iron is connected to the head of the vertical energized solenoid through the vertical rotating shaft, the tail of the energized solenoid is installed inside the connecting member, and rollers are installed on both sides of the member. The circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism includes a circumferential energized solenoid, a circumferential rotating shaft, and a circumferential soft iron. The circumferential soft iron is connected to the head of the circumferential energized solenoid through the circumferential rotating shaft, and the tail of the circumferential energized solenoid is installed at the circumferentially corresponding position of the cylindrical reaction frame.

[0029] Furthermore, the segment system 8 includes segments 8-1, acoustic emission sensors 8-2, 8-3, infrared reflecting sheets 8-4, and armature mechanisms 8-5. The acoustic emission sensors are installed on the inner and outer sides of the segments at regular intervals. The infrared reflecting sheets are installed on the outer side of the segments at positions corresponding to the infrared rangefinder and do not overlap with the positions of the acoustic emission sensors. The armature mechanisms are installed in the middle of each ring of segments, and six groups are evenly installed in each ring of segments.

[0030] Furthermore, the armature mechanism 8-5 includes a stress diffuser 8-5-1, an armature rotating shaft 8-5-2, and an armature 8-5-3. The bottom of the stress diffuser is fixed to the outer wall of the segment, and the top of the stress diffuser is connected to the armature through the armature rotating shaft.

[0031] Furthermore, the segment reinforcement system 11 includes an adhesive layer 11-1, a steel ring reinforcement layer 11-2, an anchor shotcrete layer 11-3, and strain gauges 11-4. The strain gauges are pasted on the inner wall of the middle of each ring of segments, and one strain gauge is pasted at each of the upper, lower, left, and right positions on the inner wall of each ring of segments. The steel ring reinforcement layer is fixed to the outside of the strain gauges through the adhesive layer, and the anchor shotcrete layer is laid on the outside of the reinforcement layer.

[0032] The operation method of the test device for the deformation characteristics of the inclined tunnel segment reinforcement in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Determine the similarity ratio of the test device according to the mutual relationship between the tunnel diameter, tunnel thickness, tunnel length, segment reinforcement system size, and device box size;

[0034] Step 2: Determine the reaction force balance system, dimensions, shape, and material of the segment system;

[0035] Step 3: Determine the tunnel inclination angle and soil pressure magnitude according to the geological exploration report, and determine the relationship between the load and current;

[0036] Step 4: Install the test device for the deformation characteristics of the inclined tunnel segment reinforcement. The test device includes a device base 9, a support system (1-4), a reaction force balance system 7, a segment system 8, a fixed end 6, and a segment reinforcement system 11. The support system is located on the device base 9. The bottom of the reaction force balance system 7 is fixed to the middle of the support system through a rotating shaft 2-1 and a support ring 3-1. Both ends of the segment system 8 are connected to a fixed end 6, and the outside of the fixed end 6 is fixed to the outside of the support system through rotating shafts 1-1 and 4-1. The segment system 8 is connected to the segment reinforcement system 11;

[0037] Step 5: Determine the inclination angle parameter and rotate to the corresponding inclined position. Input the inclination angle command to the segment lifting support system to drive the operation of the other supports, and control the reaction force balance system and the segment system to rotate simultaneously by an inclination angle of 15°.

[0038] Step 6: Determine the current parameter. Calculate the current parameter according to the soil pressure and load-current formula determined in Step 3.

[0039] Step 7: Start the test and conduct data acquisition: Record the initial data of each sensor before the test starts. When the current of the soil pressure loading mechanism reaches the parameter value and remains constant, record the corresponding test data at regular intervals. When the data at the test points reaches stability, stop the test;

[0040] Step 8: Adjust the inclination angle in Step 5 and repeat Step 7 to achieve the test of the deformation and internal force characteristics of the reinforced segment under different inclination angle conditions;

[0041] Step 9: Adjust the current parameter in Step 6 and repeat Step 7 to achieve the test of the deformation and internal force characteristics of the tunnel segment reinforcement under non-uniform soil pressure in complex working conditions;

[0042] Step 10: Adjust the inclination angle in Step 5 and the current parameter in Step 6 and repeat Step 7 to achieve the test of the deformation and internal force characteristics of the inclined tunnel under non-uniform soil pressure in complex working conditions;

[0043] Step 11: End the test and remove the device.

[0044] Further, in step 11, after turning off the test instrument and removing the connections of the fixed ends on both sides of the segment to the rotating shaft, the segment is taken out from the reaction force balance system, and the connections between the reaction force balance system and the bottom support are removed in sequence; the support system is taken off from the device base, and the reaction force balance system and the segment system are disassembled in sequence to complete the test.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 7, the set time period is half an hour.

[0046] The diameter of the tunnel of a certain urban subway Line 7 is 6 m, the segment thickness is 0.3 m, and the deepest buried depth is 20 m. In this test, a 30-m long tunnel is selected as the test object. In order to test the deformation and characteristics of the segment reinforcement in the inclined tunnel, the test device and operation method for the deformation characteristics of the segment reinforcement in the inclined tunnel provided by the present invention are used to test the influence of the uneven soil pressure or sudden load in the inclined tunnel on the deformation and characteristics of the segment reinforcement.

[0047] According to the on-site geological exploration report, the soil layers from top to bottom are gravel fill, plain fill, clayey silt, silty clay, and silty clay with thicknesses of 2 m, 6 m, 8 m, 6 m, and 10 m respectively. The length, width, and height of the base of the simulation device box are 4.0 m, 1.2 m, and 0.1 m respectively; the outer diameter and wall thickness of the reaction force balance system are 1.2 m and 0.08 m respectively; the outer diameter and wall thickness of the segment system are 0.6 m and 0.03 m respectively. The base is made of Q235 steel, and the test device from outside to inside is the support system, the reaction force balance system, the segment system, and the segment reinforcement system.

[0048] The implementation process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0049] 1) Determination of the similarity ratio of the simulation device. According to the mutual relationship between the tunnel diameter, tunnel thickness, tunnel length, segment reinforcement system size, and device box size, the similarity ratio of the simulation device is determined to be 10; according to the similarity ratio theory, from the area similarity ratio, the similarity ratio of the load magnitude is 100.

[0050] 2) Determination of the materials and sizes of the reaction force balance system 7 and the segment system 8. The material of the cylindrical reaction force frame 7-1 is stainless steel, with a length of 2.4 m, a diameter of 1.2 m, and a thickness of 25 mm. The segment system 8 is made of concrete and is fixed on the segment fixed ends 6 on both sides of the model box through twelve groups of fixed end bolts 10. According to the similarity ratio, the segment length is calculated to be 3.0 m, the diameter is 0.6 m, and the thickness is 30 mm.

[0051] 3) Determination of the soil pressure according to the engineering requirements. In this embodiment, the tunnel is inclined at 15°, and the soil pressure of each ring of segments is calculated and shown in Table 1:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Table 1

[0055] 4) Determine the earth pressure in step 3, and calculate the correlation formula between the load and the current. The relationship formula between the earth pressure and the current magnitude is F = Σ * S * I * a, where F is the earth pressure magnitude acting on the armature at 0.04 m 2 ; Σ is the earth pressure coefficient, taking 1.7; S is the magnetization area of the electromagnet iron core, taking 144 cm 2 ; a is the ratio of the number of turns of the coil to 2500, taking 2.

[0056] 5) Assemble seven supports and install them on the device base. Fix the device base 9 on the horizontal ground. Assemble the segment rotation support system 1 in the order of the left fixed-end rotating shaft 1-1 of the segment and the segment rotating shaft support 1-2; connect the reaction system rotating shaft 2-1 to the reaction rotating shaft telescopic rod 2-2, and the bottom of the telescopic rod extends into the reaction rotating shaft telescopic rod support 2-3 and is fixed; connect the bottom of the reaction system support ring 3-1 to the reaction lifting telescopic rod 3-2, and the bottom of the telescopic rod extends into the reaction lifting telescopic rod support 3-3 and is fixed to complete the assembly of four groups of reaction lifting support systems; install the right fixed-end rotating shaft 4-1 of the segment on the segment lifting telescopic rod 4-2, and the bottom of the telescopic rod extends into the segment lifting telescopic rod support 4-3 and is fixed. The bottom of the segment lifting telescopic rod support 4-3 is connected to the support roller 4-4. Install the synchronous control mechanism 5 in the assembled segment rotation support system 1, reaction rotation support system 2, four groups of reaction lifting support systems 3, and segment lifting support system 4, and fix it on the base from left to right in sequence through the support fixing bolts 13.

[0057] 6) Assemble the vertical earth pressure loading mechanism 7-4 and install it in the reaction balance system 7. Connect the vertical soft iron 7-4-5 to the head of the vertical energized solenoid 7-4-2 through the vertical rotating shaft 7-4-4. Install the tail of the vertical energized solenoid into the internal part of the connector 7-4-3, and install rollers 7-4-1 on both sides of the connector. Install the assembled vertical earth pressure loading mechanism in the vertical conveyor belt 7-2 of the reaction balance system every 0.4 m, and install motors 7-3 at both ends of the conveyor belt.

[0058] 7) Assemble the circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism 14 and install it at the circumferential corresponding position of the reaction balance system. Each group of circumferential soft iron 14-3 is connected to the head of the circumferential energized solenoid 14-1 through the circumferential rotating shaft 14-2, and the tail of the circumferential energized solenoid is installed at the circumferential corresponding position of the cylindrical reaction frame.

[0059] 8) Install the infrared rangefinder 7-5, and install the reaction force balance system 7 on the support. Install the infrared rangefinder on both sides of the reaction force balance system, and install the assembled reaction force balance system 7 on the reaction force rotating support system 2 and the four groups of reaction force lifting support systems 3. Its left side is connected through the reaction force system rotating shaft 2-1, and the four groups of reaction force lifting support systems are fixed by the support ring 3-1 and kept horizontal.

[0060] 9) Install the segment reinforcement system 11. Install strain gauges 11-4 at the corresponding positions between the inner wall of the segment and the reaction force lifting supports, with four groups installed in each ring. Install the steel ring reinforcement layer 11-2 outside each ring of strain gauges through the bonding layer 11-1, and lay the shotcrete layer 11-3 outside the reinforcement layer.

[0061] 10) Assemble the armature mechanism 8-5 and install it at the corresponding positions between the outer wall of the segment and the earth pressure loading mechanism. Connect the armature 8-5-3 to the stress diffuser 8-5-1 through the armature rotating shaft 8-5-2, and install the tail of the stress diffuser at the corresponding positions between the outer wall of the segment and the vertical and circumferential earth pressure loading mechanisms, with six groups in each ring and a total of four rings.

[0062] 11) Install the acoustic emission instrument and the infrared reflector 8-4. Install a number of outer wall acoustic emission instruments 8-2 and inner wall acoustic emission instruments 8-3 inside and outside the segment 8-1 respectively. And paste infrared reflectors at the corresponding positions on both sides of the segment and the infrared rangefinder.

[0063] 12) Connect the fixed end 6 of the segment 8-1 and install it on the support. Connect the left and right fixed ends 6 of the segment to both sides of the segment through the fixed end interface, and fix it with the fixed end bolt 10. Then extend it into the internal part of the reaction force balance system 7, and then its left end is connected to the segment rotating support 1 through the segment left fixed end rotating shaft 1-1, and the right end is connected to the segment lifting support 4 through the segment right fixed end rotating shaft 4-1 and kept horizontal.

[0064] 13) According to the engineering test requirements, determine the inclination angle parameter and rotate to the corresponding inclined position. In this embodiment, since the tunnel is inclined with the left side lower and the right side higher, and the inclination angle is 15°, an instruction of 15° is input to the synchronous control mechanism 5 of the segment lifting support system 4 to drive the synchronous control mechanisms in the other supports to operate. Under the operation of the infrared rangefinder 7-5, the motor 7-3 drives the conveyor belt 7-2 to move the vertical earth pressure loading mechanism 7-4 to the corresponding position outside the armature. Then, the vertical rotating shaft and the corresponding armature rotating shaft rotate 15° simultaneously to make the vertical soft iron correspond to the position of the armature, and the circumferential rotating shaft and the corresponding armature rotating shaft rotate the corresponding angle simultaneously to make the circumferential soft iron correspond to the position of the armature, completing the simulation of the 15° inclination angle of the segment system and the reaction force system.

[0065] 14) According to the needs of the project, determine the current parameters and load the vertical and circumferential earth pressure. Based on the earth pressure determined in steps 3 and 4 and the formula, calculate the current size of the earth pressure loading mechanism for each ring of the segment as shown in Table 2:

[0066]

[0067] Table 2

[0068] The corresponding currents in the table above are respectively supplied to the earth pressure loading mechanisms of the first to fourth ring segments, so that their loads reach the earth pressure values ​​in step 3 and remain stable. After the current of each ring remains constant, the corresponding test data is recorded every five minutes, and the test is stopped after the data at the test point reaches stability.

[0069] 15) Adjust the inclination angle in step 13 and repeat step 14 to test the deformation and internal force characteristics of the reinforced segments under different inclination angles.

[0070] 16) By adjusting the current parameters in step 14, it is possible to test the deformation and internal force characteristics of tunnel segment reinforcement under non-uniform earth pressure under complex working conditions.

[0071] 17) By adjusting the inclination angle in step 13 and the current parameters in step 14, the deformation and internal force characteristics of the inclined tunnel with non-uniform earth pressure under complex working conditions can be tested.

[0072] 18) End the test and dismantle the device. Turn off the test instrument, remove the connection between the fixed ends 6 on both sides of the segment and the rotating shafts 1-1 and 4-1, remove the segment from the reaction balance system 7, and remove the connection between the reaction balance system 7 and the bottom support 2-1 in sequence. Remove the seven sets of supports from the device base 9, dismantle the reaction balance system 7 and the segment system 8 in sequence, and complete the test.

[0073] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The protection scope of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be thought of by ordinary technicians in this field based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A test device for the deformation characteristics of segment reinforcement in an inclined tunnel, characterized in that, The test device includes a device base, a support system, a reaction force balance system, a segment system, a fixed end, and a segment reinforcement system. The support system includes a segment rotation support system, a reaction force rotation support system, a reaction force lifting support system, and a segment lifting support system that are sequentially located on the device base from left to right. The bottom of the reaction force balance system is fixed to the middle of the device base through the reaction force rotation support system and the reaction force lifting support system. Both ends of the segment system are connected to fixed ends, with the left fixed end connected to the segment rotation support system and the right fixed end connected to the segment lifting support system. The segment system is connected to the segment reinforcement system; The reaction force balance system includes a cylindrical reaction force frame, a conveyor belt, a motor, a loading mechanism, and an infrared rangefinder. The loading mechanism is installed at a specified position inside the conveyor belt through rollers on both sides. The conveyor belt is located on both vertical sides of the cylindrical reaction force frame, and motors are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt. The infrared rangefinder is fixed on both sides of the inner wall at the bottom of the cylindrical reaction force frame; The segment system includes segments, acoustic emission instruments, infrared reflection sheets, and armature mechanisms. The acoustic emission instruments are installed on the inner and outer sides of the segments at regular intervals. The infrared reflection sheets are installed on the outer sides of the segments at positions corresponding to the infrared rangefinder and do not overlap with the positions of the acoustic emission instruments. The armature mechanisms are installed in the middle of each ring of segments, and six groups are evenly installed in each ring of segments; the segments extend into the interior of the reaction force balance system, and the armature mechanisms are installed on the outer walls of the segments at positions corresponding to the loading mechanism.

2. The test device for the deformation characteristics of the inclined tunnel segment reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that The loading mechanism includes a vertical earth pressure loading mechanism and a circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism. The vertical earth pressure loading mechanism includes rollers, a vertical energized solenoid, a connector, a vertical rotating shaft, and a vertical armature. The vertical armature is connected to the head of the vertical energized solenoid through the vertical rotating shaft. The tail of the energized solenoid is installed inside the connector, and rollers are installed on both sides of the connector; the circumferential earth pressure loading mechanism includes a circumferential energized solenoid, a circumferential rotating shaft, and a circumferential armature. The circumferential armature is connected to the head of the circumferential energized solenoid through the circumferential rotating shaft. The tail of the circumferential energized solenoid is installed at the circumferentially corresponding position of the cylindrical reaction force frame.

3. The test device for the deformation characteristics of the inclined tunnel segment reinforcement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The armature mechanism includes a stress diffuser, an armature rotating shaft, and an armature. The bottom of the stress diffuser is fixed to the outer wall of the segment, and the top of the stress diffuser is connected to the armature through the armature rotating shaft.

4. The test device for the deformation characteristics of the inclined tunnel segment reinforcement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The segment reinforcement system includes an adhesive layer, a steel ring reinforcement layer, a shotcrete layer, and strain gauges. The strain gauges are pasted on the inner wall of the middle of each ring of segments, and one strain gauge is pasted at each of the upper, lower, left, and right positions on the inner wall of each ring of segments. The steel ring reinforcement layer is fixed to the outside of the strain gauges through the adhesive layer, and the shotcrete layer is laid on the outside of the steel ring reinforcement layer.

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