A supercapacitor-based power battery heating system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a power battery heating system based on a super capacitor, which comprises a super capacitor and a ripple generator connected in sequence, and further comprises a microcontroller connected with the ripple generator; the super capacitor is used for providing the required energy for battery heating; the ripple generator is used for converting the energy of the super capacitor into a ripple current injected into the power battery, so as to heat the power battery; and the microcontroller is used for adjusting the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator, so as to adjust the size of the ripple current injected into the power battery and control the heating rate of the power battery. The application solves the problems of slow heating speed, poor effect and low efficiency of the existing battery heating method in a low-temperature environment, and the heating process does not cause any influence on the whole vehicle battery and motor electric control; and the application is not influenced by the high or low SOC of the battery, that is, the fast heating of the battery can be realized without the loss of the battery power.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of battery heating, in particular to a power battery heating system and method based on a super capacitor. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of the automobile industry, the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by fossil energy are becoming more and more serious, and the electrification and intelligentization of power transmission systems have become the development trend of the automobile industry. In recent years, the popularity rate of electric vehicles has rapidly increased. Lithium ion batteries have become the preferred energy system for electric vehicles due to their long service life and high energy density, but the performance of lithium ion batteries is greatly affected by environmental conditions.

[0003] The resistance of lithium ion batteries increases sharply at low temperatures, which not only leads to a large loss of pulse power and available energy, but also easily causes lithium ion deposition, resulting in a significant reduction in the service life of lithium ion batteries. The poor low-temperature performance of electric vehicles restricts the feasibility and applicability of electric vehicles. Therefore, heating lithium ion batteries to an appropriate temperature to improve the poor performance of lithium batteries is an urgent problem to be solved for electric vehicles at present.

[0004] At present, the methods for heating batteries at low temperatures mainly include external heating and internal heating. Common external heating methods include PTC thermistor heating, which mainly uses a heating film to generate heat on the surface of the battery to increase the temperature of the battery through heat transfer. Although this method is mature in technology and easy to operate, it has low heating efficiency, high cost, and requires a long time, and the battery is unevenly heated during the heating process. Internal heating generates heat inside the battery, which has low loss and high efficiency, and the temperature distribution of the internal heating of the lithium ion battery is more uniform compared with external heating. Both direct current and alternating current can be used for internal heating. Unlike direct current, alternating current can quickly and effectively heat the battery by high-frequency oscillation without causing charge transfer at low temperatures, thereby avoiding large changes in the state of charge (SOC) of the battery.

[0005] Search existing patents, Chinese patent documents disclose the application number CN201310580900.3 a kind of electric vehicle power battery pack heating control method, the heating system will motor control system be connected with power battery system and drive motor respectively, utilize the switch combination of original electric drive system of electric vehicle, with motor is inductive buffer device, limit current rising rate, control discharge current, to control the heating rate of battery.The energy required for heating in this method comes from the battery itself, but at low temperature, battery is difficult to discharge large current, especially at low SOC, the damage of discharge to battery is greater;At the same time, the motor is used as inductive buffer device, which will cause the alternating current ripple of heating to cause essential damage to the motor, shorten the service life of motor. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a power battery heating system and method based on super capacitor, which solves the problems of using the battery itself as the initial energy source, unable to discharge large current at low temperature and poor small current heating effect in the prior art, and uses super capacitor as high-frequency circuit buffer device to reduce the damage of alternating current ripple to motor control and prolong the service life of motor control.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: a power battery heating system based on super capacitor, comprising a super capacitor and a ripple generator connected in sequence, and further comprising a microcontroller connected with the ripple generator.

[0008] The super capacitor is used to provide the required energy for battery heating and withstand high-frequency oscillation current on the system circuit.

[0009] The ripple generator is used to convert the energy of the super capacitor into ripple current injected into the power battery to heat the power battery.

[0010] The microcontroller is used to adjust the alternating current frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated by the ripple generator to adjust the size of the ripple current and control the heating rate of the power battery.

[0011] The present application also has the following technical features:

[0012] The ripple generator comprises a heating circuit, a filter circuit and a complementary circuit.

[0013] The heating circuit is used to convert the energy of the super capacitor into ripple current injected into the power battery.

[0014] The filter circuit is used to filter and rectify the ripple current.

[0015] The complementary circuit is used to supplement the power of the power battery to the super capacitor.

[0016] The heating circuit comprises IGBT S1 and IGBT S2 connected in series, the emitter of IGBT S1 and the collector of IGBT S2 are connected, the collector of IGBT S1 is connected with one end of the super capacitor, and the emitter of IGBT S2 is connected with the other end of the super capacitor;

[0017] One end of the filter inductor L is further connected with the emitter of IGBT S1, and the filter circuit and the complementary circuit are further connected with IGBT S2 and the filter inductor L;

[0018] The filter circuit comprises switch K1 and DC blocking capacitor Cd connected in series, the other end of DC blocking capacitor Cd is connected with the positive terminal A, the end of switch K1 connected with DC blocking capacitor Cd is connected with filter capacitor Cf, the other end of filter capacitor Cf is connected with the negative terminal B, the emitter of IGBT S2 is connected with the negative terminal B, and the other end of DC blocking capacitor Cd connected with switch K1 is connected with the filter inductor L;

[0019] The complementary circuit comprises transistor S3, the collector of transistor S3 is connected with the positive terminal A, the emitter of transistor S3 is connected with the filter inductor L, the emitter of transistor S3 is further connected with the negative electrode of diode D1 through switch K2, and the positive electrode of diode D1 is connected with the emitter of IGBT S2.

[0020] A battery system with a super capacitor power battery heating system, comprising the super capacitor-based power battery heating system, further comprising a power battery connected with the ripple generator and a battery monitoring unit connected with the microcontroller, and the battery monitoring unit is further connected with the super capacitor and the power battery respectively;

[0021] The battery monitoring unit is used for interface temperature, voltage monitoring and sending instructions;

[0022] The battery monitoring unit monitors the state of the power battery and transmits to the microcontroller.

[0023] The positive electrode of the power battery is connected with the positive terminal A, and the negative electrode of the power battery is connected with the negative terminal B.

[0024] A super capacitor-based power battery heating control method, using the battery system with a super capacitor power battery heating system, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: monitoring the state of the power battery by the battery monitoring unit to obtain the battery temperature;

[0026] Step two: compare the temperature of the power battery with the temperature required for the vehicle operation, if the obtained current temperature of the power battery is lower than the temperature required for the vehicle operation, then start the heating mode; if the obtained current temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the temperature required for the vehicle operation, then do not start the heating mode;

[0027] Step three: the microcontroller converts the energy of the super capacitor into the ripple current injected into the power battery by adjusting the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator, and heats the power battery;

[0028] When heating the power battery, the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is opened, the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 are connected in series, the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current in the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 are controlled by controlling the on-duty ratio of the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 controlled by the microcontroller, so as to control the heating rate of the power battery;

[0029] Step four: the battery monitoring unit monitors the state of the power battery in real time during the heating process, obtains the temperature of the power battery, and when the obtained current temperature of the power battery is greater than or equal to the temperature required for the vehicle operation, the heating mode is closed.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0031] (I) The present application solves the problems of slow heating speed, poor effect and low efficiency of the existing battery heating method in low temperature environment, and the heating process does not affect the vehicle battery and motor electric control;

[0032] (II) The present application is not affected by the SOC of the battery, that is, the battery can be quickly heated without consuming battery power.

[0033] (III) The super capacitor provided by the present application can not only be used for AC heating of the battery, but also be used as a vehicle starting power supply and a battery pack backup power supply.

[0034] (IV) The structure of the present application is simple and convenient to use, which can greatly save manpower and material resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Fig. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the circuit system of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 2 It is a working principle diagram of the AC heating system of the present application;

[0037] Fig. 3 It is a working principle diagram of the super capacitor and battery energy complementation of the present application;

[0038] Meaning of each reference numeral in the drawing:

[0039] 1-Supercapacitor; 2-Ripple generator; 3-Power battery; 4-Microcontroller; 5-Battery monitoring unit;

[0040] The specific contents of the present invention are further explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", etc. used in the present invention to indicate directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. "Inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the corresponding component, and the above terms cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, all components in the present invention are components known in the prior art.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] Following the above technical solution, Figs. 1-3 As shown, a supercapacitor-based power battery heating system includes a supercapacitor 1 and a ripple generator 2 connected in sequence, and also includes a microcontroller 4 connected to the ripple generator 2;

[0047] The supercapacitor 1 is used to provide the energy required for battery heating;

[0048] The ripple generator 2 is used to convert the energy of the supercapacitor 1 into a ripple current which is injected into the power battery 3 to heat the power battery 3;

[0049] The microcontroller 4 is used to adjust the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated by the ripple generator 2 to adjust the size of the ripple current and control the heating rate of the power battery 3.

[0050] The microcontroller 4 adjusts the on-duty ratio of the ripple generator 2 to adjust the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator 2, and the generated AC frequency and amplitude are directly given to the power battery 3 through a circuit. The greater the ripple current, the faster the heating rate, so as to adapt to the requirement of the battery heating rate of the power battery 3 under different conditions and conveniently adjust the heating rate.

[0051] The heating rate v = i 2 R / cm, and the size of the ripple current i plays a decisive role. The power battery AC resistance R, the specific heat capacity c, and the battery mass m are provided by the battery manufacturer.

[0052] The scheme solves the problems in the prior art that the battery itself is used as an initial energy source, and the battery cannot be discharged at a large current and the heating effect is poor at a small current at low temperature, and reduces the harm of the AC ripple to the motor electric control.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment:

[0054] The ripple generator 2 comprises a heating circuit, a filter circuit, and a complementary circuit.

[0055] The heating circuit is used to convert the energy of the super capacitor 1 into the ripple current injected into the power battery 3.

[0056] The filter circuit is used to filter and rectify the ripple current.

[0057] The complementary circuit is used to supplement the power of the power battery 3 to the super capacitor 1.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment:

[0059] The heating circuit comprises an IGBT tube S1 and an IGBT tube S2 connected in series, the emitter of the IGBT tube S1 is connected to the collector of the IGBT tube S2, the collector of the IGBT tube S1 is connected to one end of the super capacitor 1, and the emitter of the IGBT tube S2 is connected to the other end of the super capacitor 1.

[0060] One end of the filter inductor L is further connected to the emitter of the IGBT tube S1, and the filter circuit and the complementary circuit are further connected to the IGBT tube S2 and the filter inductor L.

[0061] The filter circuit comprises a switch K1 and a blocking capacitor Cd connected in sequence, the other end of the blocking capacitor Cd is connected to the positive terminal A, one end of the switch K1 connected to the blocking capacitor Cd is connected to the filter capacitor Cf, the other end of the filter capacitor Cf is connected to the negative terminal B, and the emitter of the IGBT tube S2 is connected to the negative terminal B. The other end of the blocking capacitor Cd connected to the switch K1 is connected to the filter inductor L.

[0062] The complementary circuit comprises a transistor S3, the collector of the transistor S3 is connected with the positive terminal A, the emitter of the transistor S3 is connected with the filter inductor L, and the emitter of the transistor S3 is also connected with the negative electrode of the diode D1 through the switch K2, and the positive electrode of the diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the IGBT S2.

[0063] Generally, when the energy of the super capacitor 1 is converted into the ripple current injected into the power battery 3, K1 is closed, K2 is opened, the IGBT S1 and the IGBT S2 are connected in series to form a half-bridge type ripple generator, the on-duty ratio of the IGBT S1 and the IGBT S2 is controlled to control the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current, so as to control the heating rate of the power battery, and the DC blocking capacitor Cd, the filter capacitor Cf and the filter inductor L are used to filter and rectify the ripple current output by the half-bridge type ripple generator, so as to reduce the influence of the ripple on the battery cell.

[0064] When the energy of the super capacitor is low, the switch K2 is closed, the switch K1 is opened, the buck circuit composed of the transistor S3, the switch K2 and the diode D1 is used for voltage reduction of the power battery, and the super capacitor is supplemented with power for battery charging or energy feedback.

[0065] Embodiment 2

[0066] A battery system with a super capacitor power battery heating system comprises the super capacitor-based power battery heating system described in Embodiment 1, further comprises the power battery 3 connected with the ripple generator 2 and the battery monitoring unit 5 connected with the microcontroller 4, and the battery monitoring unit 5 is further connected with the super capacitor 1 and the power battery 3 respectively.

[0067] The battery monitoring unit 5 is used for interface temperature, voltage monitoring and sending instructions.

[0068] The battery monitoring unit 5 monitors the state of the power battery 3 and transmits the state to the microcontroller 4.

[0069] As shown in Fig. 1 The super capacitor-based power battery heating system mainly comprises a battery monitoring unit, a microcontroller, a power battery, a super capacitor and a ripple generator. The battery monitoring unit is connected with the microcontroller, the battery and the super capacitor, and is used for interface temperature, voltage monitoring and sending instructions. The microcontroller is connected with the ripple generator, and is used for controlling and adjusting the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator. The ripple generator is connected with the super capacitor and the battery respectively, and is used for energy transmission and ripple regulation.

[0070] The positive electrode of the power battery 3 is connected with the positive terminal A, and the negative electrode of the power battery 3 is connected with the negative terminal B.

[0071] The battery monitoring unit is connected with the battery, super capacitor and microcontroller, for interface temperature, voltage monitoring and sending instructions; the microcontroller is connected with the ripple generator, for controlling the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator; the ripple generator is connected with the super capacitor and the battery respectively, for converting the energy of the super capacitor 1 into the ripple current injected into the power battery 3, to heat the power battery 3.

[0072] The power battery Bat, the super capacitor Cs and the ripple generator are connected in series to form a loop, wherein the ripple generator is first formed by two IGBT tubes S1 and S2 connected in series into a half-bridge ripple generator, and then connected with a blocking capacitor Cd, a filter capacitor Cf and a filter inductor L; the buck circuit composed of a triode S3, a switch K2 and a diode D1 is mainly used for supplementing the electric quantity of the super capacitor when the battery is in a charging state or energy feedback;

[0073] When the battery is heated, the switch K1 is closed and the switch K2 is opened, the two IGBT tubes S1 and S2 are connected in series into a half-bridge ripple generator, the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current are controlled by controlling the conduction duty cycle, so as to control the heating rate of the battery, wherein the blocking capacitor Cd, the filter capacitor Cf and the filter inductor L are mainly used for filtering and rectifying the current and frequency output by the half-bridge ripple generator, to reduce the influence of the noise on the battery cell;

[0074] The microcontroller compares the target modulation wave and the carrier wave to generate a complementary PMW control signal, controls the conduction duty cycle of the two switching devices IGBT tube S1 and IGBT tube S2 of the half-bridge circuit, generates the required AC and DC superimposed voltage at the midpoint of the bridge arm, and superimposes the AC voltage on the positive and negative electrodes of the battery through the filtering of the filter inductor L and the blocking effect of the blocking capacitor Cd, so as to excite the required AC current on the battery, and realize the heating of the battery.

[0075] When the energy of the super capacitor is low, the switch K2 is closed and the switch K1 is opened, the buck circuit composed of the triode S3, the switch K2 and the diode D1 is used for step-down voltage to the battery, and charges the super capacitor; the supplement of the electric quantity of the super capacitor can be provided by the battery and the charging pile, or can be supplemented by the energy feedback of the brake.

[0076] The battery heating temperature range can be set by the user or the manufacturer according to the actual scene through the controller, which also includes the heating current and frequency, and can also be configured differently according to the actual temperature;

[0077] The super capacitor and the power battery can be complemented by the designed circuit, that is, when the energy of the super capacitor is low, the battery discharges the electric quantity to charge the super capacitor;

[0078] Embodiment 3:

[0079] A power battery heating control method based on super capacitor, which is carried out by the battery system with super capacitor power battery heating system described in embodiment 2, comprising the following steps:

[0080] Step one: monitor the state of the power battery 3 by the battery monitoring unit 5, and obtain the battery temperature;

[0081] Step two: compare the temperature of the power battery 3 with the temperature required for vehicle operation. If the obtained current temperature of the power battery 3 is lower than the temperature required for vehicle operation, start the heating mode. If the obtained current temperature of the power battery 3 is greater than or equal to the temperature required for vehicle operation, do not start the heating mode;

[0082] Step three: the microcontroller 4 converts the energy of the super capacitor 1 into the ripple current injected into the power battery 3 by adjusting the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the ripple generator 2, and internally heats the power battery 3;

[0083] When the power battery 3 is internally heated, the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is opened, the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 are connected in series, the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 are controlled by controlling the conduction duty ratio of the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 controlled by the microcontroller 4, thereby controlling the heating rate of the power battery 3; the microcontroller compares the target modulation wave with the carrier wave to generate a complementary PMW control signal, controls the conduction duty ratio of the two switching devices IGBT tube S1 and IGBT tube S2 of the half-bridge circuit to control the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current, generates the required AC and DC superimposed voltage in the bridge arm midpoint, and through the filtering of the filter inductor L and the direct current isolation of the direct current isolation capacitor Cd, the AC voltage is superimposed on the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, thereby exciting the required AC current on the power battery, and realizing the heating of the power battery.

[0084] Step four: the battery monitoring unit 5 monitors the state of the power battery 3 in real time during the heating process, and obtains the temperature of the power battery 3. When the obtained current temperature of the power battery 3 is greater than or equal to the temperature required for vehicle operation, the heating mode is closed.

[0085] (1) Connect the power battery Bat, the super capacitor Cs and the ripple generator in series to form a loop, wherein the ripple generator is first connected by two IGBT tubes S1 and S2 in series to form a half-bridge ripple generator, and then connected with a direct current isolation capacitor Cd, a filter capacitor Cf and a filter inductor L; the buck circuit composed of a triode S3, a switch K2 and a diode D1 is mainly used for supplementing the power of the super capacitor when the battery is charging or energy is fed back;

[0086] (2), when the battery is heated, the switch K1 is closed and the switch K2 is opened, as shown in Fig. 2 IGBT tube S1 and IGBT tube S2 are connected in series to form a half-bridge ripple generator, the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current are controlled by controlling the on-duty ratio of IGBT tube S1 and IGBT tube S2, thereby controlling the battery heating rate, wherein the DC blocking capacitor Cd, the filter capacitor Cf and the filter inductor L are mainly used to filter and rectify the current and frequency output by the half-bridge ripple generator, thereby reducing the influence of the noise on the battery cell.

[0087] (3), when the super capacitor energy is low, the switch K2 is closed and the switch K1 is opened, as shown in Fig. 3 The buck circuit composed of triode S3, switch K2 and diode D1 is used to step down the voltage of the battery and charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor can be charged by the battery and the charging pile, or by the brake energy feedback.

[0088] The above heating system uses super capacitor as energy storage element, but the invention right is not limited to super capacitor, but also can be capacitor, lithium titanate, lead-acid battery and other high-power energy storage elements; the system selects sine wave as the waveform, but the waveform generated by the ripple generator can also be square wave, triangular wave and other special-shaped waves that can achieve such heating effect, and the specific embodiments can be extended according to the selection of energy storage elements, waveforms and frequency, current, and temperature range; at the same time, the heating object is not limited to the power battery composed of electric vehicles, electric ships, electric motorcycles, etc., but also can be single battery, module, etc.

[0089] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present application without creative labor, which is covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power battery heating system based on supercapacitor, characterized in that: It includes a super capacitor (1) and a ripple generator (2) connected in sequence, and also includes a microcontroller (4) connected to the ripple generator (2); The supercapacitor (1) is used to provide the energy required for battery heating and to withstand the high-frequency oscillating current in the system circuit; The ripple generator (2) is used to convert the energy of the supercapacitor (1) into a ripple current that is injected into the power battery (3), heat the power battery (3), and replenish the power of the power battery (3) to the supercapacitor (1); The microcontroller (4) is used to adjust the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated by the ripple generator (2) to adjust the size of the ripple current and control the heating rate of the power battery (3); The ripple generator (2) comprises a heating circuit, a filtering circuit and a complementary circuit; The heating circuit is used to convert the energy of the supercapacitor (1) into a ripple current that is injected into the power battery (3); The filtering circuit is used to filter and rectify the ripple current; The complementary circuit is used to supplement the power of the power battery (3) to the super capacitor (1); The heating circuit comprises an IGBT tube S1 and an IGBT tube S2 connected in series, the emitter of the IGBT tube S1 is connected to the collector of the IGBT tube S2, the collector of the IGBT tube S1 is connected to one end of the supercapacitor (1), and the emitter of the IGBT tube S2 is connected to the other end of the supercapacitor (1); The emitter of the IGBT tube S1 is also connected to one end of the filter inductor L, and the IGBT tube S2 and the filter inductor L are also connected to a filter circuit and a complementary circuit; The filter circuit includes a switch K1 and a DC blocking capacitor Cd connected in sequence. The other end of the DC blocking capacitor Cd is connected to the positive terminal A. The end of the switch K1 connected to the DC blocking capacitor Cd is connected to the filter capacitor Cf. The other end of the filter capacitor Cf is connected to the negative terminal B. The emitter of the IGBT tube S2 is connected to the negative terminal B. The other end of the switch K1 connected to the DC blocking capacitor Cd is connected to the filter inductor L. The complementary circuit includes a transistor S3, the collector of the transistor S3 is connected to the positive terminal A, the emitter of the transistor S3 is connected to the filter inductor L, the emitter of the transistor S3 is also connected to the cathode of the diode D1 through the switch K2, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the emitter of the IGBT tube S2.

2. A battery system with a supercapacitor power battery heating system, characterized in that: The invention comprises the supercapacitor-based power battery heating system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a power battery (3) connected to the ripple generator (2) and a battery monitoring unit (5) connected to the microcontroller (4), wherein the battery monitoring unit (5) is further connected to the supercapacitor (1) and the power battery (3), respectively; The battery monitoring unit (5) is used for monitoring interface temperature and voltage and sending instructions; The battery monitoring unit (5) monitors the status of the power battery (3) and transmits the status to the microcontroller (4).

3. The battery system with a supercapacitor power battery heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positive electrode of the power battery (3) is connected to the positive terminal A, and the negative electrode of the power battery (3) is connected to the negative terminal B.

4. A supercapacitor-based power battery heating control method, which is implemented using the battery system with a supercapacitor power battery heating system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Monitor the status of the power battery (3) and the supercapacitor (1) through the battery monitoring unit (5) to obtain the battery temperature and voltage; Step 2: comparing the temperature of the power battery (3) with the temperature required for vehicle operation, if the current temperature of the power battery (3) is lower than the temperature required for vehicle operation, then starting the heating mode; if the current temperature of the power battery (3) is greater than or equal to the temperature required for vehicle operation, then not starting the heating mode; Step 3: The microcontroller (4) converts the energy of the supercapacitor (1) into a ripple current injected into the power battery (3) by adjusting the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated by the ripple generator (2), thereby heating the power battery (3); When heating the cell of the power battery (3), the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is opened, the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 are connected in series, and the conduction duty cycle of the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2 is controlled by the microcontroller (4) to control the AC frequency and amplitude of the ripple current generated in the IGBT tube S1 and the IGBT tube S2, thereby controlling the heating rate of the power battery (3); Step 4: During the heating process, the battery monitoring unit (5) monitors the status of the power battery (3) in real time and obtains the temperature of the power battery (3). When the current temperature of the power battery (3) is greater than or equal to the temperature required for vehicle operation, the heating mode is turned off.

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